Name: fetal mouse cardiovascular imaging using a high-frequency ultrasound (30/45mhz) system
Uploaded: 2018-05-05T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System at JoVE.com

我们感谢动物生理学核心, 在加州大学洛杉矶分校分子医学分部提供技术支持和开放进入 Vevo 2100 超声生物显微镜观察 (显微镜) 系统。这项研究得到了 NIH/儿童健康研究中心 (5K12HD034610/K12)、加州大学洛杉矶分校-儿童发现研究所和今天和明天儿童基金会的支持, 以及大卫-医学院研究创新奖给 m. 董诚康。

加州大学洛杉矶分校动物保育和使用委员会批准了本议定书所示的所有程序。这项实验是在美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶加州大学机构动物护理和使用委员会批准的活动动物协议下进行的一项持续研究的一部分进行的。动物处理和关心跟随指南的标准为实验室动物的关心和用途。
1. 高频超声成像系统的研制
<ol><li>打开超声波成像系统和生理学监测单元。</li>
	<li>连接 30/45 MHz 传?...

<ol>
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(72), e4416 (2013).</li><li>Zhou, Y. Q., Cahill, L. S., Wong, M. D., Seed, M., Macgowan, C. K., Sled, J. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+flow+distribution+in+the+mouse+fetal+circulation+at+late+gestation+by+high-frequency+Doppler+ultrasound.">Assessment of flow distribution in the mouse fetal circulation at late gestation by high-frequency Doppler ultrasound.</a> Physiol Genomics. 46 (16), 602-614 (2014).</li><li>Greco, A., Coda, A. 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心血管畸形和疾病在很大程度上受遗传因素和环境因素的影响19。我们以前已经表明, 孕产妇的热量限制, 开始在第二个月, 对胎儿胎盘循环流和胎儿心脏功能9的重大影响。
产前缺氧是胎儿发育过程中的另一个常见的压力因子, 可能会极大地影响胎儿-胎盘生理和循环系统。在冠心病导致围产儿适应产后生活的情况下, 产前缺氧暴露的影响可能...

先天性畸形的心脏是在早期心脏发育期间发生的异质结构缺陷。目前, 操作程序的技术进展使 CHDs1、2的婴儿存活率显著提高。然而, 生活质量经常被损害次要到长期住院和需要为分期的外科修理规程1,2,3,4,5。产前检测 CHDs 的基本分子机制是至关重要的, 以便计划早期干预, 实施新的预防战略, 并改善终生结局6,7。
虽然多重遗传和环境因素已牵连 CHDs 发病机制, 建立因果关系仍然是未满足的需要, 以改善诊断, 治疗和预防策略1,8,9 ,10,11,12。此外, 检查在子宫内应激因子和表观遗传修饰符的作用, 为将来的调查打开新的场所11,12。过去的十年确实见证了下一代测序技术的飞速发展, 包括单核苷酸多态基因芯片、全 exome 测序和全基因组甲基化研究, 它们在基因研究中的应用复杂的人类疾病的原因, 包括 CHDs1,8,9,10,11铺平了道路, 以确定新的突变和遗传变种尚未被在合适的动物模型中测试其致病性。
在不同的疾病模型系统中, 鼠标是选择的动物模型, 不仅用于 CHDs 早期 cardiogenesis 的调查机制13,14,15,16, 还要阐明其对产前和围产期应激因素对心室成熟和晚期妊娠功能的影响。因此, 在发育的早期和后期, 对突变胎鼠心脏的体内表型特征进行分析, 对于了解这些遗传变异和环境因素对心脏发育的作用至关重要, 并未来对小鼠室特异性成熟过程的潜在影响。
在开发过程中早期发现和准确诊断心脏缺损是干预计划的关键17,18。胎儿超声是安全、简单、便携和可重复的, 实际上已经成为临床心脏评估的标准影像技术。多普勒超声对胎儿循环的评价在临床实践中得到了广泛应用, 不仅用于检测心脏缺损, 而且能检测血管畸形、胎盘功能不全和宫内生长受限, 并评估胎儿的福祉, 以回应在子宫内侮辱包括低氧血症, 产妇疾病和药物毒性17,18。在评估人类缺陷和疾病的价值的同时, 超声对胎儿小鼠的评估在实验设置中得到了越来越大的效用19,20,21,22, 23。特别是, 胎儿心脏超声 (超声心动图) 允许连续在体内可视化的发展心脏。许多实验研究都采用超声成像技术观察转基因胎鼠的胎儿心血管发育。多普勒超声对于阐明病理生理学参数, 如在生理挑战或疾病条件下的胎儿循环中的流动模式特别有用10,19。在人类和动物中, 异常的血流或胎儿的氧气供应可能会因各种情况而导致胎儿环境在子宫内和影响 fetoplacental 轴, 包括胎盘异常, 产妇缺氧,妊娠期糖尿病和药学诱导的血管收缩15,22。因此, 建立标准化的方法来执行多普勒超声波对胎儿小鼠将极大地增强未来的研究 CHDs 通过促进监测流型和关键血流动力学指标的心血管回路在基因小鼠模型心脏发育的不同阶段.
高频超声已成为测量小鼠模型和人类疾病中心血管系统发育和生理参数的有力工具18。这项技术近年来得到了进一步的改进。我们和其他研究人员已经证明了该系统在胎儿小鼠心脏进行超高频超声研究的可行性15,19,20,21,22 ,23。该系统配备多普勒彩色流映射和线性阵列传感器, 产生二维, 动态图像在高频 (30 至50兆赫) 帧率。这些优势, 相比于低频超声系统和前一代高频超声21,22, 提供必要的灵敏度和分辨率, 以深入评估胎儿循环系统, 包括心脏结构的综合表征, 室功能, 以及胎儿小鼠在实验环境中的流动指标。在此, 我们概述了使用高频系统在胚胎日 E18.5体内进行体外循环和胎儿胎盘循环快速评估的方法。我们选择了一个30/45 兆赫传感器, 提供了大约60µm 的轴向分辨率和150µm 的横向分辨率。然而, 可以选择一种更高频率的传感器 (40/50 兆赫) 来分析早期的发育阶段, 方法是采用类似的方法。所选的 M 模式允许在高时间分辨率水平 (1000 帧/秒) 的运动中组织的可视化。最后, 我们证明了高超声对胎儿心血管血流动力学状态和功能的详细的综合表型描述的可行性在小鼠基线和应对产前缺氧应激。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1606">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:189px;">Vevo 2100&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:291px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:827px;">High Freequency Ultrasound Biomicroscopy. The set up is available in animal physiology core facility, division of molecular medicine, UCLA. USA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">inbred mice (c57/BL6)&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Charles River Laboratories</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Inbread wild type mouse strain</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fetal mouse cardiovascular imaging using a high-frequency ultrasound (30/45mhz) system

先天性心脏缺损 (CHDs) 是儿童发病率和早期死亡的最常见病因。产前检测 CHDs 的潜在分子机制对于发明新的预防和治疗策略至关重要。突变小鼠模型是发现新机制和环境应激修饰剂的有力工具, 推动心脏发育及其在 CHDs 的潜在改变。然而, 建立这些假定的贡献者因果关系的努力仅限于非生存动物实验的组织学和分子研究, 其中监测关键的生理和血流动力学参数往往是缺席的。实时影像技术已成为建立 CHDs 病因的重要工具。特别是, 超声成像可以使用产前没有手术暴露胎儿, 允许保持他们的基线生理学, 同时监测环境压力对心脏室的血流动力学和结构方面的影响发展。在此, 我们使用高频超声 (30/45) 系统来检查胎儿在 E18.5子宫内在基线和应对产前缺氧暴露的小鼠心血管系统。实验表明, 该系统能测量心脏室大小、形态学、心室功能、胎心率和脐动脉血流指数, 并对其在子宫内暴露于系统性慢性缺氧的胎儿小鼠中的变化进行了分析, 并在实际中进行了研究。时间。

对心脏和血流动力学指标的统计分析离线进行。计算了3种最佳图像中连续5次测量的方法。这些数据被表示为 "平均" 电子扫描电镜. 学生的t测试用于推断团体比较。≤0.05 的P值被认为具有统计学意义。
根据上述协议, 我们的特点是长期暴露于产前缺氧对胎鼠晚期胎儿心血管状况的影响, 通过获得 C57/BL6 定时怀孕小?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System at JoVE.com

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System

用高频超声 (30/45 mhz) 系统对胎儿小鼠进行心血管成像

高频超声成像的胎儿小鼠有改进的影像分辨率, 可以提供精确的非侵入性的心脏发育和结构缺陷的特点。此处概述的协议旨在执行实时的胎儿小鼠超声心动图在体内。

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common cause of childhood morbidity and early mortality. Prenatal detection&#160;of the underlying molecular ...

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Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound (30/45MHZ) System

Human Biology

Circulatory and Pulmonary Systems

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Contrast Imaging in Mouse Embryos Using High-frequency Ultrasound

对比成像的小鼠胚胎使用高频超声

Ultrasound contrast-enhanced imaging can convey essential quantitative information regarding tissue vascularity and perfusion and, in targeted ...

科研

发育生物学

Analysis of Cardiomyocyte Development using Immunofluorescence in Embryonic Mouse Heart

在胚胎小鼠心脏采用免疫荧光心肌发展分析

During heart development, the generation of myocardial-specific structural and functional units including sarcomeres, contractile myofibrils, intercalated ...

Alginate Encapsulation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Co-axial Nozzle

多能干细胞的海藻酸钠封装使用同轴喷嘴

Pluripotent stem cells (PS cells) are the focus of intense research due to their role in regenerative medicine and drug screening.  However, the ...

Tracking Cells in GFP-transgenic Zebrafish Using the Photoconvertible PSmOrange System

在GFP-转基因斑马鱼使用Photoconvertible PSmOrange系统追踪单元

The rapid development of transparent zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) in combination with fluorescent labelings of cells and tissues allows visualizing ...

Isolation and Characterization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Human Umbilical Cord and Fetal Placenta

从人类脐带和胎盘胎儿分离和鉴定间充质干细胞

The human umbilical cord (UC) and placenta are non-invasive, primitive and abundant sources of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that have increasingly ...

A Novel Use of Three-dimensional High-frequency Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Characterization in the Mouse

三维高频超声对小鼠早期妊娠特征的新应用

High-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) is a common method to non-invasively monitor the real-time development of the human fetus in utero. The mouse is ...

Intravenous and Intra-amniotic In Utero Transplantation in the Murine Model

Intravenous and Intra-amniotic In Utero Transplantation in the Murine Model

小鼠宫内移植中静脉和羊膜内植入的研究

In utero transplantation (IUT) is a unique and versatile mode of therapy that can be used to introduce stem cells, viral vectors, or any other substances ...

An In Vitro Model of a Parallel-Plate Perfusion System to Study Bacterial Adherence to Graft Tissues

An In Vitro Model of a Parallel-Plate Perfusion System to Study Bacterial Adherence to Graft Tissues

平行板灌注系统的体外模型研究了细菌对移植组织的粘附性

Various valved conduits and stent-mounted valves are used for right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) valve replacement in patients with congenital heart ...

High Frequency Ultrasound for the Analysis of Fetal and Placental Development In Vivo

High Frequency Ultrasound for the Analysis of Fetal and Placental Development In Vivo

高频超声在胎儿和胎盘发育分析中的影响

Ultrasound imaging is a widespread method used to detect organ anomalies and tumors in human and animal tissues. The method is non-invasive, harmless, and ...

Three-dimensional Angiogenesis Assay System using Co-culture Spheroids Formed by Endothelial Colony Forming Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

使用由内皮结肠形成细胞和间质干细胞形成的共培养球体的三维血管生成测定系统

Studies in the field of angiogenesis have been aggressively growing in the last few decades with the recognition that angiogenesis is a hallmark of more ...