Name: identification of skeletal muscle satellite cells by immunofluorescence with pax7 and laminin antibodies
Uploaded: 2018-04-19T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Identification of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Immunofluorescence with Pax7 and Laminin Antibodies at JoVE.com

我们感谢结缔组织国立研究院光成像部分提供显微镜和技术帮助。MF20 和 Pax7 抗体是从发展研究中获得的, 在发育研究院的主持下开发的杂交瘤银行, 由爱荷华州的爱荷华大学生物科学系维护。这项工作得到了国家卫生研究院结缔组织国立研究院的校内研究项目的支持。

本协议以成年小鼠 (2-6 月)、胫骨前 (TA) 和伸趾肌 (EDL) 为例, 进行免疫荧光染色。所有的步骤处理小鼠和肌肉组织解剖已被批准的动物护理和使用委员会 (ACUC) 的结缔组织国立研究院/NIH。
1. 从小鼠后肢解剖 TA/EDL 肌肉
<ol><li>弄死在 CO2填充的安乐死室中的鼠标在 NIH 的 ACUC 的指导下。如有需要, 执行颈椎脱位。</li>
	<li>将鼠标正面放在解剖垫上 (仰卧位)。将70% 乙醇喷洒?...

<ol>
	<li>Buckingham, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+regulatory+networks+and+cell+lineages+that+underlie+the+formation+of+skeletal+muscle.">Gene regulatory networks and cell lineages that underlie the formation of skeletal muscle.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 114 (23), 5830-5837 (2017).</li><li>Buckingham, M., Relaix, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PAX3+and+PAX7+as+upstream+regulators+of+myogenesis.">PAX3 and PAX7 as upstream regulators of myogenesis.</a> Semin Cell Dev Biol. 44, 115-125 (2015).</li><li>Relaix, F., Buckingham, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+insect+eye+to+vertebrate+muscle:+redeployment+of+a+regulatory+network.">From insect eye to vertebrate muscle: redeployment of a regulatory network.</a> Genes Dev. 13 (24), 3171-3178 (1999).</li><li>Chang, N. C., Chevalier, F. P., Rudnicki, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Satellite+Cells+in+Muscular+Dystrophy+-+Lost+in+Polarity.">Satellite Cells in Muscular Dystrophy - Lost in Polarity.</a> Trends Mol Med. 22 (6), 479-496 (2016).</li><li>Mauro, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Satellite+cell+of+skeletal+muscle+fibers.">Satellite cell of skeletal muscle fibers.</a> J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 9, 493-495 (1961).</li><li>Kuang, S., Rudnicki, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+emerging+biology+of+satellite+cells+and+their+therapeutic+potential.">The emerging biology of satellite cells and their therapeutic potential.</a> Trends Mol Med. 14 (2), 82-91 (2008).</li><li>Wang, Y. X., Rudnicki, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Satellite+cells,+the+engines+of+muscle+repair.">Satellite cells, the engines of muscle repair.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 13 (2), 127-133 (2011).</li><li>Rinaldi, F., Perlingeiro, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cells+for+skeletal+muscle+regeneration:+therapeutic+potential+and+roadblocks.">Stem cells for skeletal muscle regeneration: therapeutic potential and roadblocks.</a> Transl Res. 163 (4), 409-417 (2014).</li><li>Le Grand, F., Rudnicki, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skeletal+muscle+satellite+cells+and+adult+myogenesis.">Skeletal muscle satellite cells and adult myogenesis.</a> Curr Opin Cell Biol. 19 (6), 628-633 (2007).</li><li>Giordani, L., Puri, P. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epigenetic+control+of+skeletal+muscle+regeneration:+Integrating+genetic+determinants+and+environmental+changes.">Epigenetic control of skeletal muscle regeneration: Integrating genetic determinants and environmental changes.</a> FEBS J. 280 (17), 4014-4025 (2013).</li><li>Liu, L., Cheung, T. H., Charville, G. W., Rando, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+skeletal+muscle+stem+cells+by+fluorescence-activated+cell+sorting.">Isolation of skeletal muscle stem cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting.</a> Nat Protoc. 10 (10), 1612-1624 (2015).</li><li>Feng, X., Adiarte, E. G., Devoto, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hedgehog+acts+directly+on+the+zebrafish+dermomyotome+to+promote+myogenic+differentiation.">Hedgehog acts directly on the zebrafish dermomyotome to promote myogenic differentiation.</a> Dev Biol. 300 (2), 736-746 (2006).</li><li>Juan, A. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polycomb+EZH2+controls+self-renewal+and+safeguards+the+transcriptional+identity+of+skeletal+muscle+stem+cells.">Polycomb EZH2 controls self-renewal and safeguards the transcriptional identity of skeletal muscle stem cells.</a> Genes Dev. 25 (8), 789-794 (2011).</li><li>Jackson, K. A., Snyder, D. S., Goodell, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skeletal+muscle+fiber-specific+green+autofluorescence:+potential+for+stem+cell+engraftment+artifacts.">Skeletal muscle fiber-specific green autofluorescence: potential for stem cell engraftment artifacts.</a> Stem Cells. 22 (2), 180-187 (2004).</li><li>Lepper, C., Conway, S. J., Fan, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adult+satellite+cells+and+embryonic+muscle+progenitors+have+distinct+genetic+requirements.">Adult satellite cells and embryonic muscle progenitors have distinct genetic requirements.</a> Nature. 460 (7255), 627-631 (2009).</li></ol>

上述协议是基于对斑马鱼骨骼肌的 Pax7/MF20 染色方法12。使用的解决方案和阻止步骤是相同的或类似的。使用的抗体是相同的。调整后的步骤是基于小鼠肌肉组织和 SCs 的特点。首先, 在混合中加入层粘连蛋白抗体, 以帮助可视化和确认 SCs 的位置。在使用488/555 的双滤池时, 在显微镜下计算 SCs 的数量特别有用;这大大增强了 SC 衍生的 Pax7 信号, 脱颖而出, 从嘈杂的 autofluorescent 背景?...

骨骼肌由多核肌肉细胞组成, 称为 myotubes, 组织在肌纤维, 通过收缩产生力量和运动。大多数骨骼肌, 除了一些头面部肌肉, 都来源于一个叫做 somite1的临时胚胎结构。肌原细胞分层从上皮 somite 变成成细胞。成肌细胞进一步分化为 myotubes 形成多核肌纤维。上述过程称为肌, 其特点是由世俗调控的基因表达控制。肌质前体表达 Pax3 和 Pax7, 而成细胞表达 MyoD 和/或 Myf5 和肌细胞膜表达肌形成蛋白和球蛋白2, 3.肌肉生长是一个过程中, 肌纤维变得更大, 通过加入更多的 myonuclei 到现有的纤维 (增生) 和增加肌肉纤维大小 (肥厚) 4.在肌肉生长过程中, 有一个可持续的肌细胞来源, 它们具有干细胞的特性, 可以区分和自我更新。这些细胞被称为卫星细胞的基础上, 其物理位置之间的肌膜包裹 (细胞膜的肌纤维) 和基底叶片5。SCs 在青少年时期 (前2-3 周的产后小鼠) 大力促进肌肉生长, 但在休息的成年肌肉中成为静止的6。值得注意的是, 它们可以重新激活, 以应对肌肉损伤, 并分化为新的肌肉细胞, 以修复受损的肌肉7。
干细胞的性质使研究的 SCs 相关的基本肌肉生物学和治疗肌肉疾病的8。因此, 在过去几十年中, 它一直是一个激烈调查的领域。在剖析 SCs9、10的遗传学和表遗传学方面取得了巨大进展。在11的方式下开发并优化了用于隔离和识别 SCs就地的技术。免疫荧光染色可通过使用特定的抗体 (包括 Pax7) 识别 SCs。然而, 由于 SCs 的稀缺性和体积小, 结合了成人骨骼肌组织的强烈的自动荧光, 使可视化具有挑战性。在这里, 我们描述了一个免疫荧光染色协议优化的小鼠肌肉组织为 Pax7 和基于现有的方法, 斑马鱼肌肉12。此外, 用一个带有明显荧光的层粘连蛋白抗体来识别 SCs 所在的基底层。该议定书一贯允许在所有经过测试的生理条件和发育阶段 Pax7-positive SCs 和肌原体的可视化。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>methylbutane</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M32631</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optimal Cutting Temperature (O.C.T.) compound</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>62550-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10x PBS</td>
			<td>Gibco, Themo Fisher</td>
			<td>70011-044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>16% PFA</td>
			<td>TED PELLA</td>
			<td>50-00-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton-100</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8787</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal Goat Serum</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>0 1-6201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AffiniPure Fab Fragment Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L)</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories Inc.</td>
			<td>115-007-003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20x Citrate Buffer</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>00 500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pax7 mono-clonal mouse antibody (IgG1) (supernatant)</td>
			<td>Developmental Study Hybridoma Bank</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminin polyclonal rabbit antibody</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L9393</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MF20 mono-clonal mouse antibody (IgG2b) (supernatant)</td>
			<td>Developmental Study Hybridoma Bank</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-Mouse IgG1 cross-absorbed secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 488</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>A-21121</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-Mouse IgG2b cross-absorbed secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 647</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>A-21242</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor Plus 555</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>A32732</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica CM1860 cryostat</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica DM6000 wide-field fluorescent microscope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica DMR wide-field fluorescent microscope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zeiss LSM510 confocal microscope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zeiss LSM780 confocal microscope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cuisinart electronic pressure cooker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

identification of skeletal muscle satellite cells by immunofluorescence with pax7 and laminin antibodies

免疫荧光是一种有效的方法, 有助于识别不同的细胞类型的组织切片。为了研究所需的细胞数量, 在组织切片上应用特定细胞标记的抗体。在成年骨骼肌中, 卫星细胞 (SCs) 是促进肌肉修复和再生的干细胞。因此, 在不同的生理条件下, 对卫星细胞种群进行可视化和跟踪是十分重要的。在静止的骨骼肌中, SCs 位于基底叶片和肌纤维膜之间。在肌纤维或细胞培养中, 用于识别 SCs 的常用标记是配对盒蛋白 Pax7。本文提出了一种优化 Pax7 免疫荧光协议的骨骼肌切片, 最大限度地减少非特异染色和背景。另外还添加了一种识别基底叶片蛋白质 (层粘连蛋白) 的抗体, 以帮助识别 SCs. 类似的协议也可以用来执行双重或三重标记与 Pax7 和抗体的额外蛋白质的兴趣。

按照上述步骤, 可以成功地将 SCs 可视化为成人休息肌肉部分的荧光显微镜 (图 1)。虽然成人肌肉组织有强的自动荧光在某些类型的纤维, 明亮的 Alexa 系列染料能克服背景噪声和信号突出 (图 1A, B; 箭头头)。双光子共焦显微镜捕获相对较清洁的图像 (图 1B) 比宽场荧光显微镜 (图 1A...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Identification of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Immunofluorescence with Pax7 and Laminin Antibodies at JoVE.com

Identification of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Immunofluorescence with Pax7 and Laminin Antibodies

卫星细胞的精确识别对于研究其在各种生理和病理条件下的功能至关重要。本文提出了一种基于免疫荧光染色的成人骨骼肌切片卫星细胞识别的协议。

Pax7 和层粘连蛋白抗体免疫荧光法鉴定骨骼肌卫星细胞

Immunofluorescence is an effective method that helps to identify different cell types on tissue sections. In order to study the desired cell population, ...

The overall goal of this protocol is to identify adult skeletal muscle satellite cells via immunofluorescence. This method can answer key questions related to the number and distribution of muscle stem cells in both physiological as well as pathological conditions. The main advantage of the technique is that one can identify muscle stem cells in their physiological environment with only limited manipulation.Demonstrating the procedure will be Faiza Naz, a postdoc from my laboratory. To begin, prepare a liquid nitrogen bath by pouring liquid nitrogen into a Dewar flask. Next, pour 10 milliliters of methylbutane into a 20-milliliter plastic beaker and transfer the beaker to the liquid nitrogen bath.Lay the dissected tibialis anterior muscle onto the flat surface of a small plastic syringe plunger. Next, cover the dissected muscle with a few drops of Optimal Cutting Temperature compound or O.C.T.Remove the beaker of methylbutane from the liquid nitrogen bath, then thaw the surface using the handles of a pair of scissors. Quickly dip the O.C.T.covered tissue into the melted methylbutane to snapfreeze it.Next, use forceps to detach the embedded tissue from the plunger and transfer it to a 1.5-milliliter microcentrifuge tube. Then, store the microcentrifuge tube in the liquid nitrogen. To start cryostat sectioning, add a drop of O.C.T.compound onto the center of the specimen holder of a cryostat and allow it to partially solidify.Then, stick the embedded tissue into the O.C.T.compound with the ankle side down and knee side up. Next, mount the specimen holder onto the cryostat and cut the tissue in 10-micrometer intervals. Collect four to eight cryosections on each frost-coated slide.Dry the sections at room temperature for three hours, then collect the slides in a slide box and store them at minus 80 degrees Celsius. Next, remove a slide from the slide box and warm it to room temperature. Then, use a liquid blocker pen to mark an area around the cryosections to prevent liquids from flowing off the side.In a fume hood, add 300 to 500 microliters of 4%paraformaldehyde to the marked area. Incubate the slide at room temperature for 10 minutes to fix the sections. Next, rinse the paraformaldehyde from the slide with PBS in a slide container.To begin antigen retrieval, fill a slide container with 200 milliliters of citrate buffer and transfer the slide to the container. Then, transfer the slide container to a pressure cooker at high pressure for 10 minutes. The antigen retrieval step is optional if the sections are dried at room temperature for 30 minutes and proceed immediately.Then the antigen retrieval step is not necessary. But if the sections are dried at room temperature for more than three hours then stored at minus 80 degrees Celsius, the antigen retrieval step is required. Next, cool the slide container under running water for 10 minutes.Then transfer the slide to a new container with 200 milliliters of PBST and rinse with PBST. Add water-soaked lab wipes to the tray, then remark the rinsed slide with a PAP pen and place it in the tray. Add 200 microliters of blocking solution to the slide.Then cover the tray and incubate at room temperature for 30 minutes. The blocking step is very important because the Pax7 antibody being used is a mouse mono-clonal antibody. The mouse-on-mouse blocking step reduces the unspecific bindings.Then, rinse the slide with PBST in the slide container and return it to the tray. Add 200 microliters of Primary Antibody mix to the slide and incubate at room temperature for one hour. Next, rinse the slide with PBST, then add 200 microliters of Secondary Antibody mix and incubate in the dark at room temperature for one hour.After the incubation period, rinse the slide with PBST. Dilute DAPI in a slide container and incubate the slide in the container for three minutes. Then, rinse the DAPI with PBST for five minutes.Finally, mount the slide with mounting media and apply a coverslip. In this study, satellite cells are successfully visualized in adult resting muscle sections under a fluorescent microscope. The background noise usually seen with adult muscle tissue and certain types of fibers is reduced by using mouse-on-mouse blocking.The specific immunostain signals are enhanced by using secondary antibodies conjugated with bright Alexa dyes. A two-photon confocal microscope captures a sharper image compared to the wide-field fluorescent microscope. The same protocol can also be applied to muscle tissue from juvenile mice, mouse embryos, and injured adult muscle tissues.Both juvenile and embryonic muscle tissues depict more activated satellite cells or Pax7 myogenic precursors with relatively larger nuclei. Thus it becomes easier to visualize the satellite cells of younger mice than of adult mice. In the injured muscle tissue, more activated Pax7-positive cells are visible.Once mastered, this technique can be done in five hours if it is performed properly. While attempting this procedure, it is important to remember that noise coming from autofluorescence and unspecific mouse-on-mouse immuno-binding cannot be totally eliminated, but with this protocol the noise can be largely reduced. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to identify satellite cells in muscle cryosections.

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Isolation and Quantitative Immunocytochemical Characterization of Primary Myogenic Cells and Fibroblasts from Human Skeletal Muscle

从人类骨骼肌成肌原细胞和成纤维细胞的分离和定量免疫细胞化学表征

The repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle requires the action of satellite cells, which are the resident muscle stem cells. These can be isolated ...

科研

发育生物学

Isolation and Characterization of Satellite Cells from Rat Head Branchiomeric Muscles

隔离和卫星细胞的表征鼠头Branchiomeric肌肉

Fibrosis and defective muscle regeneration can hamper the functional recovery of the soft palate muscles after cleft palate repair. This causes persistent ...

Analysis of Zebrafish Larvae Skeletal Muscle Integrity with Evans Blue Dye

斑马鱼幼虫骨骼肌诚信与伊文思蓝分析

The zebrafish model is an emerging system for the study of neuromuscular disorders.  In the study of neuromuscular diseases, the integrity of the muscle ...

Induction of Acute Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by Cardiotoxin Injection

通过注射心脏毒素急性骨骼肌再生的诱导

Skeletal muscle regeneration is a physiological process that occurs in adult skeletal muscles in response to injury or disease. Acute injury-induced ...

Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans

制备及文化活动从成年和老年人类骨骼肌成肌前体细胞/成肌细胞主要的

Skeletal muscle homeostasis depends on muscle growth (hypertrophy), atrophy and regeneration. During ageing and in several diseases, muscle wasting ...

Integration Free Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Laminin 521 Matrix

使用层粘连蛋白521矩阵整合人诱导多能干细胞的自由衍生

Xeno-free and fully defined conditions are key parameters for robust and reproducible generation of homogenous human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) ...

Application of Chronic Stimulation to Study Contractile Activity-induced Rat Skeletal Muscle Phenotypic Adaptations

慢性刺激在收缩活动性大鼠骨骼肌表型适应性研究中的应用

Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue, as its biochemical and physiological properties are greatly altered in response to chronic exercise. To ...

Isolation, Culture, Characterization, and Differentiation of Human Muscle Progenitor Cells from the Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Procedure

从骨骼肌活检程序分离、培养、表征和分化人类肌肉祖细胞

The use of primary human tissue and cells is ideal for the investigation of biological and physiological processes such as the skeletal muscle ...

Performing Human Skeletal Muscle Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice

在免疫缺陷小鼠中表演人类骨骼肌异种移植物

Treatment effects observed in animal studies often fail to be recapitulated in clinical trials. While this problem is multifaceted, one reason for this ...

Isolation and Differentiation of Primary Myoblasts from Mouse Skeletal Muscle Explants

小鼠骨骼肌肉外泄原发性肌基器的分离和分化

Primary myoblasts are undifferentiated proliferating precursors of skeletal muscle. They can be cultured and studied as muscle precursors or induced to ...