Name: high-throughput identification of synergistic drug combinations by the overlap2 method
Uploaded: 2018-05-21T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-throughput Identification of Synergistic Drug Combinations by the Overlap2 Method at JoVE.com

この作品は、J.C.S.B. にユタ大学の病理からのスタートアップ助成金によって支えられました。

1. 重複2法 (O2M) による化学遺伝学データセットから相乗効果予測の突然変異を識別します。
注: これはニコルズらから公開されたデータセットを使用したシナジー予測変異を識別する方法です。17 大腸菌。ただし、これは任意の化学遺伝学データセットや微生物を行うことができます。これらのデータ セットには、各変異?...

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S., Bader, G. D., Cowen, L. 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相乗効果の小さい分子のペアは、微生物感染症の治療に強力なツールをすることができますまだ彼ら相乗ペアが識別するために挑戦的なのでその完全臨床的可能性に達していません。本稿では、シンプルなペアの組み合わせよりもはるかに高速の相乗組み合わせを識別するためのメソッドについて説明します。化学遺伝学データセットを使用して、O2M は相乗的組み合わせを予測するために小...

抗生物質耐性菌は、1CDC によると米国の毎年以上 200 万感染症や 23,000 の死を引き起こします。新しい治療法は、これらの感染症を克服するために必要です。これらの新しい治療法を特定する戦略には、新しい抗菌薬の開発や小さな分子微生物感染症2,3、4を治療するために他の条件のために承認の転用が含まれます。しかし、新しい薬剤の発見は非常に高価な時間のかかるです。新薬を識別できないことがあります薬を転用または薬剤ターゲット5,6。私たちの研究室は、相乗的組み合わせ療法として知られている 3 番目の戦略について説明します。相乗的な組み合わせは、2 つの小さい分子は一緒に彼らの個々 の効能7の添加効果より大きい薬効を持つ場合に発生します。さらに、相乗的な組み合わせすることができますレンダリングすること偉大な潜在的な8,9、以下の不要なオフターゲット効果だけでなくペアの小さな分子のいずれかに耐性病原体に対して有効であります。 10。
相乗ペアは、薬物の組み合わせ11,12,13の約 4-10% に発生するまれな。このように、ペアワイズ画面などの伝統的な技法、挑戦的な 100 分子の小さなライブラリからの潜在的な組み合わせの何千もの時間がかかる。さらに、相乗作用通常予測できない化合物14の活動から。ただし、相乗的組み合わせは、重複2メソッド (O2M)12と呼ばれる画面に高スループットのアプローチを開発しました。このメソッドは、ここで説明はこれらの相乗のペアをより速くより効率的な識別するためことができます。O2M は、知られている相乗ペアと化学遺伝学データセットの使用を必要とします。ノックアウト変異体のライブラリは、多くの異なる小さな分子の存在下で育てられたとき、化学遺伝学データセットが生成されます。その同じ突然変異体の表現型を引き出す他の小さな分子が既知の各メンバーと相乗効果も知られている相乗ペアで 1 つの分子が 2 番目の相乗的分子として特定ノックアウト変異体から同じ表現型を引き起こす場合相乗のペア。この根拠は、相乗抗生物質ペアエシェリヒア属大腸菌 (E. 大腸菌)に対してアクティブと病原性の真菌クリプトコッカス ・ ネオフォルマンス(c. に対してアクティブな相乗的抗真菌薬のペアを識別するブラウンの実験室で使用されていますネオフォルマンス)11,12。O2M は様々 な病原体に適応できるだけでなく、分子の大規模なライブラリのスクリーニングは、簡単かつ迅速に相乗のペアを識別します。O2M によって識別される遺伝的変異スクリーニングの相乗効果の予測小さな分子のみを検証することができます。したがって、あった場合のみ 20 分子の相乗効果を予測したライブラリで、今相乗効果の試験日の問題を受け取る一方で、2,000 分子ライブラリーのペアワイズ テストと、月がかかるでしょう。O2M は、プログラミングスキルは不要、必要な機器はほとんどのラボや中核施設で利用可能です。薬の組み合わせに興味がある研究者に加えて O2M 分析薬物画面が完了し、重要な薬物相互作用を識別することによって彼らのヒット曲を拡大したい人誰にも興味深いものです。以下、細菌、相乗効果の小さい分子を識別するだけでなく、よく知られている試金15,16の予測の相乗作用を検証するプロトコルです。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="520">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:179px;">Bioscreen C</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">instrument</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Growth Curves USA</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Synergy H1</td>
			<td>instrument</td>
			<td>BioTek</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">M9 broth</td>
			<td>reagent</td>
			<td>Amresco</td>
			<td>J863-500G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Casamino Acids</td>
			<td>reagent</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP1424-500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glucose</td>
			<td>reagent</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G7021-10KG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nicotinic Acid</td>
			<td>reagent</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>A12683</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Thiamine</td>
			<td>reagent</td>
			<td>Acros Organics</td>
			<td>148991000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">CaCl2 Dihydrate</td>
			<td>reagent</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>C79-500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">MgSO4 Heptahydrate</td>
			<td>reagent</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>M63-500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">chemical-genetics dataset</td>
			<td>dataset</td>
			<td>examples include Nichols et al., Cell, 2011, Brown et al, Cell, 2014, and others cited in the text.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">trimethoprim (example input drug; any can be used)</td>
			<td>reagent</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>ICN19552701</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">sulfamethoxazole (example test drug; any can be used)</td>
			<td>reagent</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>ICN15671125</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

high-throughput identification of synergistic drug combinations by the overlap2 method

抗菌薬は20 世紀に劇的に寿命や生活の質を増加している、抗菌薬耐性は、全身性の感染症を治療するために私たちの社会全体の能力を脅かしています。単独で米国で抗生物質耐性感染症は年とコスト追加医療で約 200 億米ドル約 23,000 人を殺します。抗菌薬耐性に対処する方法の 1 つは療法前に感染源の生物とその薬剤耐性プロファイルが確認されている感染症の重要な初期段階で特に有用であります。多くの抗菌薬治療は併用療法を使用します。しかし、これらの組み合わせのほとんどは、添加剤、結合された効果は個々 の抗生物質の効果の合計と同じであることを意味します。いくつかの併用療法は相乗効果: 結合された効果は添加物よりもはるかに大きい。相乗的な組み合わせは、抗菌薬耐性菌の成長を抑えることができますので特に便利です。ただし、これらの組み合わせが珍しいとを識別することは困難です。これはペアの方法でテストするために必要な分子の膨大な数によるもの: 1,000 分子のライブラリには 100 万の潜在的な組み合わせ。したがって、相乗効果のための分子を予測する努力がされました。この資料では、重複2法 (O2M) として知られている小分子で相乗ペアを予測するための私たちの高スループット方法について説明します。O2M が過敏相乗ペアの各分子が他の分子に変異を識別するのに化学遺伝的データセットのパターンを使用します。ブラウンの実験室は、変異がない野生型の細胞の増殖を抑制する分子の高スループットの画面を実行することによってこの成長の違いを悪用します。ラボの仕事は、以前抗生物質のトリメトプリムと抗真菌薬のフルコナゾールこの戦略を使用して相乗効果の分子を識別されます。著者らは、複数の微生物のため変更することができます新しい相乗的な組み合わせの方法画面を紹介します。

市松模様の試金は、相乗作用を測定するための半定量的方法です。出力の最終的なスコア、FICI、決定薬の組み合わせ相乗 (FICI ≤0.5) を考えると、非相互作用 (0.5 < FICI < 4)、または拮抗 (FICI ≥4.0)。図 1は、市松模様のアッセイで薬物グラデーションを設定する方法を示しています。図 2は、一般的な結果を示しています。90% ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-throughput Identification of Synergistic Drug Combinations by the Overlap2 Method at JoVE.com

High-throughput Identification of Synergistic Drug Combinations by the Overlap2 Method

相乗効果の薬剤の組み合わせは難しいと経験的に識別するために時間がかかるです。ここでは、識別し相乗小分子を検証する手法について述べる。

重複2法による相乗効果の薬剤の組合せの高スループット識別

Although antimicrobial drugs have dramatically increased the lifespan and quality of life in the 20th century, antimicrobial resistance threatens our ...

The overall goal of this methodology is to identify the synergistic molecules, which amplify each others activity, when combined through High-throughput screening. Synergistic drug pairs are a promising strategy, for combating drug resistant infections but they are difficult to identify. This method can identify molecules that interact with existing antimicrobial drugs used to treat infectious diseases.In the long term these combinations, can enter preclinical assessment and eventually improve patient care. The main advantage of this technique is that it can be done with any organism of interest and with any with any library of small molecules. The implications of this technique, extend towards therapy of multiple infectious diseases as it works with any organism of interest.Use a standard spreadsheet to calculate the mean growth score and standard deviation for all the mutants, in the presence of a particular concentration of the small molecule added. Then, calculate the Z scores for each of the small molecule concentration. Then, highlight the gene mutants with significant Z scores.First, grow an E.coli culture in M9 minimal medium, for overnight at 37 degrees Celsius. Then, dissolve the small molecules in dimethyl sulphoxide at a high concentration above 10 milligrams per milliliter. Next, add 100 microliters of M9 medium to each well in a 96 well plate.Pipette an additional 100 microliters of M9 medium in column one such that the volume in that column is 200 microliters. Then, add approximately 10 microliters of the concentrated small molecule solution, in the column one. After adding the small molecules, start diluting it across the X axis of the plate.Continue diluting till there is, 100 microliters in column 11. After mixing column 11, discard 100 microliters from that column. Let there be only medium in column 12 to normalize the data.Next, record the optical density value at 600 nanometers of the overnight culture grown in M9 minimal medium. Then, add two microliters of the culture into each well. Such that there are 1000 cells per well.Then, shake the plate gently. And note the optical density reading at 600 nanometers for zero hour time point. Once the reading is recorded, incubate the plate at 37 degrees Celsius for a day.Again, measure the optical density value at 600 nanometers for 24 hour time point. To perform the checkerboard assay, grow an E.coli culture in M9 minimal medium for overnight at 37 degrees Celsius. Then, add 100 microliters of M9 medium to each well and add an extra 100 microliters of the same medium in column one of a 96 well plate.Next, add the tests small molecules, in each well in column one. And add double the concentration in well A1.Then, create a dilution gradient along the X axis by transferring 100 microliters, from column one to column two. Continue the dilution process, until 100 microliters is added in column 11.After mixing column 11, discard 100 microliters from that column and leave column 12 with only medium without any drugs. Create another gradient for the second drug dilution. To do this, add 100 microliters of the medium containing two X, minimal inhibitory concentration of the input molecule in row A.Then, transfer 100 microliters from row A to B.Continue the dilution process, until 100 microliters is added in row G.After mixing row G, discard 100 microliters from the well.Then inoculate the plate with two microliters of the culture into each well. Such that there are 1000 cells per well. Then, measure the optical density reading at 600 nanometers for zero hour time point.Once the reading is recorded, incubate the plate at 37 degrees Celsius for 24 hours. And then, measure the optical density value at 600 nanometers for 24 hour time point. To conduct High-throughput screening, for synergistic drugs, culture both wild type and synergy prediction mutant cells in M9 minimal medium.Then, add the drugs from the library to the medium. Next, inoculate one plate of library drugs with the wild type and one other plate with synergy prediction mutant bacteria. This plate represents the checkerboard assay used to investigate synergistic drug combinations.In this plate, well F9 with the lowest FICI score of 0.07 indicates that the small molecule pair is synergistic. This plate represents the checkerboard assay to investigate non interacting drug combination. In this plate, the well C3 with the lowest FICI score of 1.0 indicates that the small molecule pair, does not interact with each other.This plate represent the checkerboard assay used to investigate antagonistic drug combinations. In this plate, well A1 with the lowest FICI score of 8.0 indicates that the interaction between, the drug molecules is antagonistic. Next Befeldin A, a small molecule drug in Fluconazole, is used to study the growth of C and U Formins.The plot shows that the growth of both the wild type and the synergy prediction mutant is inhibited slightly and to the same extent. This indicates that Befeldin A and Fluconazole are non-synergistic drug partners. On the contrary, the growth of synergy prediction mutant of C and U Formins is inhibited significantly, in the presence of Refromisyn and Fluconazole.Indicating that the drugs are synergistic partners. Interestingly, the wild type growth is not inhibited at all. Here, the greatest growth difference is observed, between 32 and 49 hours post inoculation.Once mastered, this technique can shorten the time to identify synergistic drug interactions. While carrying out this procedure, it's important to remember not to combine drugs in the last column in the last row of the checkerboard assay. Following this procedure, other methods of synergistic molecule identification, can be performed in order to identify additional synergistic drug interactions.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to use the O2M methodology to identify putative synergy markers in order to find synergistic drug interactions with your organism of interest. Don't forget that while working with some small molecules can be hazardous and any precautions in the MSDS, should be followed while performing this protocol.

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

High-throughput Identification of Synergistic Drug Combinations by the Overlap2 Method

A Robotic Platform for High-throughput Protoplast Isolation and Transformation

ハイスループットプロトプラスト単離と変革のためのロボットプラットフォーム

Over the last decade there has been a resurgence in the use of plant protoplasts that range from model species to crop species, for analysis of signal ...

遺伝学

High-Throughput Robotically Assisted Isolation of Temperature-sensitive Lethal Mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

High-Throughput Robotically Assisted Isolation of Temperature-sensitive Lethal Mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

ハイスループットは、ロボットに温度に敏感な致死変異体の単離を支援します<em&gt;クラミドモナス</em

Systematic identification and characterization of genetic perturbations have proven useful to decipher gene function and cellular pathways. However, the ...

Controllable Ion Channel Expression through Inducible Transient Transfection

誘導性一過性トランスフェクションを介して制御可能なイオンチャネルの発現

Transfection, the delivery of foreign nucleic acids into a cell, is a powerful tool in protein research. Through this method, ion channels can be ...

Generation of Native Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Libraries for Nucleosome Density Analysis

ネイティブのクロマチン免疫沈降のヌクレオソーム密度解析ライブラリをシーケンスの生成

We present a modified native chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) experimental protocol compatible with a Gaussian mixture distribution ...

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

G2-seq: 高スループット シーケンス ベースを識別する方法後半ゲノムの領域を複製します。

Numerous techniques have been developed to follow the progress of DNA replication through the S phase of the cell cycle. Most of these techniques have ...

Robust DNA Isolation and High-throughput Sequencing Library Construction for Herbarium Specimens

堅牢な DNA の隔離および標本の高スループット シーケンス ライブラリーの構築

Herbaria are an invaluable source of plant material that can be used in a variety of biological studies. The use of herbarium specimens is associated with ...

The Replica Set Method: A High-throughput Approach to Quantitatively Measure Caenorhabditis elegans Lifespan

The Replica Set Method: A High-throughput Approach to Quantitatively Measure Caenorhabditis elegans Lifespan

レプリカの設定方法: 定量的測定線虫の寿命を高スループット方法

The Replica Set method is an approach to quantitatively measure lifespan or survival of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes in a high-throughput manner, thus ...

High-throughput DNA Extraction and Genotyping of 3dpf Zebrafish Larvae by Fin Clipping

ハイスループット DNA の抽出およびフィン クリッピングが 3dpf ゼブラフィッシュ仔のジェノタイピング

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) possess orthologues for 84% of the genes known to be associated with human diseases. In addition, these animals have a short ...

High-throughput Identification of Gene Regulatory Sequences Using Next-generation Sequencing of Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture (4C-seq)

High-throughput Identification of Gene Regulatory Sequences Using Next-generation Sequencing of Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture 4C-seq

円の染色体構造の次世代シーケンシングによる遺伝子制御配列の高スループット識別キャプチャ (4 C seq)

The identification of regulatory elements for a given target gene poses a significant technical challenge owing to the variability in the positioning and ...

Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing (RIPiT-Seq)

Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing RIPiT-Seq

ランデムにおけるRNA免疫沈殿によるRNAタンパク質複合体の足跡の同定、シーケンシング(RIPiT-Seq)

RNA immunoprecipitation in tandem (RIPiT) is a method for enriching RNA footprints of a pair of proteins within an RNA:protein (RNP) complex. RIPiT ...