Name: enhanced electron injection and exciton confinement for pure blue quantum-dot light-emitting diodes by introducing partially oxidized aluminum cathode
Uploaded: 2018-05-31T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode at JoVE

Dette arbejde blev støttet af NSFC (51573042), den nationale nøgle grundlæggende forskning Program af Kina (973 projekt, 2015CB932201), grundlæggende forskningsmidler til Central universiteter, Kina (JB2015RCJ02, 2016YQ06, 2016MS50, 2016XS47).

1. mønster ætsning af Indium Tin oxid (ITO) glas
<ol><li>Skær store stykker af ITO glas (12 cm × 12 cm) i 15 mm brede strimler. Ren ITO glasoverflade ved hjælp af en støv-fri klud med alkohol.</li>
	<li>Tjek den ledende side af ITO glas med en digital multimeter. Dække det aktive område af ITO glasset med tape, så at det aktive område er 2 mm bred i midten.</li>
	<li>Hæld zinkstøv på ITO glas (til en tykkelse på ca. 0,5 mm).</li>
	<li>Hæld saltsyre (36 wt %) på overfladen af glasset, ITO og tillade ITO ...

<ol>
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Photonics. 7 (1), 13-23 (2012).</li><li>Chen, O., Wei, H., Maurice, A., Bawendi, M., Reiss, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pure+colors+from+core-shell+quantum+dots.">Pure colors from core-shell quantum dots.</a> MRS Bull. 38 (09), 696-702 (2013).</li><li>Dai, X., Deng, Y., Peng, X., Jin, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantum-Dot+Light-Emitting+Diodes+for+Large-Area+Displays:+Towards+the+Dawn+of+Commercialization.">Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes for Large-Area Displays: Towards the Dawn of Commercialization.</a> Adv. 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Photonics. 5 (9), 543-548 (2011).</li><li>Kwak, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bright+and+efficient+full-color+colloidal+quantum+dot+light-emitting+diodes+using+an+inverted+device+structure.">Bright and efficient full-color colloidal quantum dot light-emitting diodes using an inverted device structure.</a> Nano Lett. 12 (5), 2362-2366 (2012).</li><li>Dai, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Solution-processed,+high-performance+light-emitting+diodes+based+on+quantum+dots.">Solution-processed, high-performance light-emitting diodes based on quantum dots.</a> Nature. 515 (7525), 96-99 (2014).</li><li>Lee, K. -. H., Lee, J. -. H., Song, W. -. S., Ko, H., Lee, C., Lee, J. -. H., Yang, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+efficient,+color-pure,+color-stable,+blue+quantum+dots+light-emitting+devices.">Highly efficient, color-pure, color-stable, blue quantum dots light-emitting devices.</a> ACS Nano. 7 (8), 7295-7302 (2013).</li><li>Shen, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-efficient+deep-blue+light-emitting+diodes+by+using+high+quality+ZnxCd1-xS/ZnS+core/shell+quantum+dots.">High-efficient deep-blue light-emitting diodes by using high quality ZnxCd1-xS/ZnS core/shell quantum dots.</a> Adv. Funct. Mater. 24 (16), 2367-2373 (2014).</li><li>Wang, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bright,+efficient,+and+color-stable+violet+ZnSe-based+quantum+dot+light-emitting+diodes.">Bright, efficient, and color-stable violet ZnSe-based quantum dot light-emitting diodes.</a> Nanoscale. 7 (7), 2951-2959 (2015).</li><li>Shen, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-efficiency,+low+turn-on+voltage+blue-violet+quantum-dot-based+light-emitting+diodes.">High-efficiency, low turn-on voltage blue-violet quantum-dot-based light-emitting diodes.</a> Nano Lett. 15 (2), 1211-1216 (2015).</li><li>Fokina, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+emission+layer+morphology+on+the+enhanced+performance+of+light-emitting+diodes+based+on+quantum+dot-semiconducting+polymer+hybrids.">The role of emission layer morphology on the enhanced performance of light-emitting diodes based on quantum dot-semiconducting polymer hybrids.</a> Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 3 (18), 1600279 (2016).</li><li>Yang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-efficiency+light-emitting+devices+based+on+quantum+dots+with+tailored+nanostructures.">High-efficiency light-emitting devices based on quantum dots with tailored nanostructures.</a> Nat. Photonics. 9, 259-266 (2015).</li><li>Cheng, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pure+Blue+and+Highly+Luminescent+Quantum-Dot+Light-Emitting+Diodes+with+Enhanced+Electron+Injection+and+Exciton+Confinement+via+Partially+Oxidized+Aluminum+Cathode.">Pure Blue and Highly Luminescent Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes with Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement via Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode.</a> Adv. Opt. Mater. 5 (11), 1700035 (2017).</li><li>Rotole, J. A., Sherwood, P. M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gamma-Alumina+(&#947;-Al2O3)+by+XPS.">Gamma-Alumina (&#947;-Al2O3) by XPS.</a> Surf. Sci. Spectra. 5 (1), 18-24 (1998).</li><li>Liu, J., Yang, W., Li, Y., Fan, L., Li, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrochemical+studies+of+the+effects+of+the+size,+ligand+and+composition+on+the+band+structures+of+CdSe,+CdTe+and+their+alloy+nanocrystals.">Electrochemical studies of the effects of the size, ligand and composition on the band structures of CdSe, CdTe and their alloy nanocrystals.</a> Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16 (10), 4778-4788 (2014).</li><li>Abbaszadeh, D., Wetzelaer, G. A. H., Doumon, N. Y., Blom, P. W. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+polymer+light-emitting+diode+with+air-stable+aluminum+cathode.">Efficient polymer light-emitting diode with air-stable aluminum cathode.</a> J. Appl. Phys. 119 (9), 095503 (2016).</li><li>Yu, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+the+energy+level+alignment+between+the+photoactive+layer+and+the+cathode+contact+utilizing+solution-processed+hafnium+acetylacetonate+as+buffer+layer+for+efficient+polymer+solar+cells.">Optimization of the energy level alignment between the photoactive layer and the cathode contact utilizing solution-processed hafnium acetylacetonate as buffer layer for efficient polymer solar cells.</a> Acs Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 8 (1), 432-441 (2016).</li><li>Li, F., Tang, H., Anderegg, J., Shinar, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+and+electroluminescence+of+double-layered+organic+light-emitting+diodes+with+the+Al2O3/Al+cathode.">Fabrication and electroluminescence of double-layered organic light-emitting diodes with the Al2O3/Al cathode.</a> J. Shinar, Appl. Phys. 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Enheden arkitektur af blå QD-LED består af et ITO gennemsigtig anode, en PEDOT:PSS HIL (30 nm), en Poly-TPD HTL (40 nm), en ZnCdS/ZnS QDs EML (40 nm), og et Al: Al2O3 katode (100 nm). På grund af den porøse karakter af Al katode opnåede vi en oxideret Al katode ved at udsætte det til ilt. Figur 2e og figur 2f vise energi niveau justering diagrammer over QDs lag med Al og Al: Al2O3. Når QDs kontakt med Al katode,...

Lysemitterende dioder (lysdioder) baseret på kolloid semiconductor quantum dots har tiltrukket sig stor interesse på grund af deres unikke fordele, herunder løsning processability, afstemmelige emission bølgelængde, fremragende farve renhed, fleksibel fabrikation og lav behandlingen koster1,2,3,4. Siden de første demonstrationer af QDs-baseret lysdioder i 1994, har enorme anstrengelser været helliget engineering materialer og enhedens strukturer5,6,7. En typisk QD-LED enhed er designet til at have en tre-lags sandwich arkitektur, der består af en hul transport layer (HTL), et emissive lag, og en elektron transport layer (ETL). Valget af en passende opladning transport lag er kritisk at afbalancere den injicerede huller og elektroner i det emissive lag for radiative rekombination. I øjeblikket, er vakuum-deponeret små molekyler almindeligt anvendt som ETL, f.eks bathocuproine (BCP), tris(8-Hydroxyquinolinate) (Alq3) og 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tertbutylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ)8. Dog forårsager ubalanceret carrier injektion ofte rekombination region Skift til ETL, at uønskede parasitiske elektroluminiscens (EL) emission og forværrede enhed ydeevne9.
For at forbedre enhedens effektivitet og miljømæssig stabilitet, blev løsning-forarbejdede ZnO nanopartikler indført som en elektron transport lag i stedet for vakuum-deponeret små-molekyle materialer. Meget lyse RGB QD-LEDs blev demonstreret for konventionelle enhed arkitektur, viser luminans op til 31.000, 68.000 og 4.200 cd m-2 for emission af orange-rød, grøn og blå, henholdsvis10. For en inverteret enhed arkitektur, højtydende RGB QD-lysdioder med lav tænde spænding blev med succes demonstreret med lysstyrke og eksterne kvante effektivitet (EQE) af 23,040 cd m-2 og 7,3% for rød, 218,800 cd m-2 og 5,8% for Green, og 2.250 cd m-2 og 1,7% for blå, henholdsvis11. For at skabe balance mellem de injicerede afgifter og bevare QDs emissive lag, blev en isolerende præget (PMMA) tynd film indsat mellem QDs og ZnO ETL. De optimerede dyb-røde QD-lysdioder udstillet høje eksterne kvante effektivitet op til 20,5% og en lav turn-on spænding på kun 1,7 V12.
Udover, optimering af optoelektroniske egenskaber og nanostrukturer i QDs også spiller en afgørende rolle i opreklamering enhed ydeevne. For eksempel, stærkt fluorescerende blå QDs med fotoluminescens quantum udbytte (PLQE) op til 98% blev syntetiseret gennem optimering ZnS afskalning tid13. På samme måde, høj kvalitet, violet-blå QDs med i nærheden af 100% PLQE blev syntetiseret ved præcist at kontrollere reaktion temperatur. Violet-blå QDs-LED enheder viste bemærkelsesværdige luminans og EQE op til 4.200 cd m-2 og 3,8%, henholdsvis14. Denne syntese-metoden kan også anvendes til violet ZnSe/ZnS core/shell QDs, QD-LEDs udstillet høj luminans (2,632 cd m-2) og effektivitet (EQE=7.83%) ved hjælp af Cd-gratis QDs15. Da blue quantum dots med høje PLQE har påvist, spiller høj afgift injektion effektivitet i QDs lag en anden afgørende rolle i opdigte højtydende QD-lysdioder. Ved at erstatte lang kæde oliesyre ligander for at forkorte 1-octanethiol ligander, elektron mobilitet QDs film var øget to gange, og en høj EQE værdi mere end 10% blev opnået16. Overflade ligand exchange kan også forbedre morfologi af QDs film og undertrykke fotoluminescens dæmper blandt QDs. For eksempel, viste QDs-LED forbedret enhed ydeevne ved hjælp af kemisk podede QDs-halvledende polymer hybrider17. Udover, højtydende QDs var forberedt gennem rimelig optimering af sorterede sammensætning og tykkelsen af QDs shell, på grund af øget afgift injektion, transport og rekombination18.
I dette arbejde indført vi en delvis autoxidized aluminium (Al) katode for at forbedre ydeevnen af ZnCdS/ZnS sorteres core/shell-baseret blå QD-LEDs19. Ændring af potentiel energi barriere af Al katoden blev bekræftet af ultraviolet photoelectron spektroskopi (UPS) og X-ray photoelectron spektroskopi (XPS). Desuden, hurtigt opkræve carrier dynamics på QDs/Al og QDs / Al: Al2O3 interface blev analyseret af tidsopløst fotoluminescens (TRPL) målinger. Yderligere bekræfte delvist sortpatineret Al indflydelse på enhedens ydeevne, QD-lysdioder med forskellige katoder (Al kun, Al: Al2O3, Al2O3/Al, Al2O3/Al:Al2O3, og ALQ3/Al) var opdigtet. Som et resultat, højtydende ren blå QD-LEDs blev demonstreret ved at ansætte Al: Al2O3 katoder, med en maksimal lysstyrke på 13,002 cd m-2 og et peak nuværende effektivitet af 1.15 cd A-1. Endvidere, der var ingen yderligere organisk ETL involveret i enheden arkitektur, der kan undgå uønskede parasitære EL for at sikre den farve renhed under forskellige arbejder spændinger.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)-coated glass 
			substrate</td>
			<td>CSG Holding Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Resistivity&#8776;10 &#937;/sq</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zinc powder</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>96454</td>
			<td>Molecular Weight 65.38</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropyl alcohol</td>
			<td>Beijing Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>67-63-0</td>
			<td>Analytically pure</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Toluene</td>
			<td>Innochem</td>
			<td>I01367</td>
			<td>Analytically pure</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone</td>
			<td>Innochem</td>
			<td>I01366</td>
			<td>Analytically pure</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>acros</td>
			<td>124210025</td>
			<td>1 N standard solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>O-dichlorobenzene</td>
			<td>acros</td>
			<td>396961000</td>
			<td>98+%, Extra Dry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)</td>
			<td>H. C.Stark</td>
			<td>Clevious P VP Al 4083</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly(N,N&#8242;-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N&#8242;-bis(phenyl)-benzidine) (Poly-TPD)</td>
			<td>Luminescence Technology</td>
			<td>LT-N149</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum tris(8-Hydroxyquinolinate) (Alq3)</td>
			<td>Luminescence Technology</td>
			<td>LT-E401</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UV-O cleaner</td>
			<td>Jelight Company</td>
			<td>92618</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filter</td>
			<td>Jinteng</td>
			<td>JTSF0303/0304</td>
			<td>Polyether sulfone (0.45 &#956;m)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrasonic cleaner</td>
			<td>HECHUANG ULTRASONIC</td>
			<td>KH-500DE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digital multimeter</td>
			<td>UNI-T</td>
			<td>UT39A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spin coater</td>
			<td>IMECAS</td>
			<td>KW-4A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digital hotplate</td>
			<td>Stuart</td>
			<td>SD160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

enhanced electron injection and exciton confinement for pure blue quantum-dot light-emitting diodes by introducing partially oxidized aluminum cathode

Stabil og effektiv rød (R), grøn (G) og blå (B) lyskilder baseret på løsning-forarbejdede quantum dots (QDs) spiller en vigtig rolle i næste generations skærme og solid state belysning teknologier. Lysstyrke og effektiviteten af blå QDs-baserede lysemitterende dioder (lysdioder) er stadig ringere end deres modparter i røde og grønne, på grund af de iboende ugunstige energi niveauer af forskellige farver af lys. For at løse disse problemer, bør en enhed struktur udformes at afbalancere injection huller og elektroner i emissive QD lag. Heri, gennem en enkel autoxidation strategi, ren blå QD-lysdioder, som er meget lyse og effektiv er påvist, med en struktur af ITO / PEDOT:PSS / Poly-TPD/QDs/Al: Al2O3. Autoxidized Al: Al2O3 katode kan effektivt skabe balance mellem de injicerede afgifter og forbedre radiative rekombination uden at indføre en ekstra elektron transport layer (ETL). Som følge heraf opnås høj farve-mættet blå QD-lysdioder med en maksimal luminans over 13.000 cd m-2, og en maksimal nuværende effektivitet af 1.15 cd A-1. Let kontrolleret autoxidation procedure baner vejen for at opnå høj ydeevne blå QD-lysdioder.

UV-Vis absorption og fotoluminescens (PL) spectra blev brugt til at registrere de optiske egenskaber af ZnCdS/ZnS sorteres core/shell-baseret blå QDs. Transmission elektronmikroskopi (TEM) og scanning elektronmikroskopi (SEM) billeder blev indsamlet de morfologier af QDs (figur 1). X-ray photoelectron spektroskopi (XPS), elektrokemiske undersøgelse og ultraviolet photoelectron spektroskopi (UPS) blev ansat til at opdage de strukturelle egenskaber og energi ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode at JoVE

Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode

En protokol, der er præsenteret for opdigte højtydende, ren blå ZnCdS/ZnS-baserede quantum dots lysemitterende dioder ved at ansætte en autoxidized aluminium katode.

Forbedret elektron injektion og Exciton indespærring for ren blå kvante-Dot lysemitterende dioder ved at indføre delvist oxideret aluminium katode

Stable and efficient red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light sources based on solution-processed quantum dots (QDs) play important roles in next-generation ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Rumlig adskillelse af molekylære konformatorer og klynger

Gas-phase molecular physics and physical chemistry experiments commonly use supersonic expansions through pulsed valves for the production of cold ...

Scalable Nanohelices for Predictive Studies and Enhanced 3D Visualization

Skalerbar Nanohelices for Predictive Studier og Udvidet 3D-visualisering

Spring-like materials are ubiquitous in nature and of interest in nanotechnology for energy harvesting, hydrogen storage, and biological sensing ...

Casting Protocols for the Production of Open Cell Aluminum Foams by the Replication Technique and the Effect on Porosity

Casting Protokoller til produktion af åbne celler Aluminum Skum af replikering Teknik og effekten på Porøsitet

Metal foams are interesting materials from both a fundamental understanding and practical applications point of view. Uses have been proposed, and in many ...

Characterization of Nanocrystal Size Distribution using Raman Spectroscopy with a Multi-particle Phonon Confinement Model

Karakterisering af Nanocrystal størrelsesfordeling hjælp Raman spektroskopi med en Multi-partikel Phonon Indespærring Model

Analysis of the size distribution of nanocrystals is a critical requirement for the processing and optimization of their size-dependent properties. The ...

Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes

Fremstilling af White Light-emitting elektrokemiske celler med Stable Emission fra Exciplexes

The authors present an approach for fabricating stable white light emission from polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) having an active ...

Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED

Blue-fare-fri Candlelight OLED

A candlelight-style organic light emitting diode (OLED) is a human-friendly type of lighting because it is blue-hazard-free and has a low correlated color ...

Reaction Kinetics and Combustion Dynamics of I4O9 and Aluminum Mixtures

Reaction Kinetics and Combustion Dynamics of I4O9 and Aluminum Mixtures

Reaktionskinetik og forbrændingsteknik Dynamics af I<sub&gt; 4</sub&gt; O<sub&gt; 9</sub&gt; Og Aluminum Blandinger

Tetraiodine nonoxide (I4O9) has been synthesized using a dry approach that combines elemental oxygen and iodine without the introduction of hydrated ...

Experimental Procedure for Warm Spinning of Cast Aluminum Components

Eksperimentel Procedure for Warm Spinning i støbt aluminium komponenter

High performance, cast aluminum automotive wheels are increasingly being incrementally formed via flow forming/metal spinning at elevated temperatures to ...

Fabrication of Polymer Microspheres for Optical Resonator and Laser Applications

Fremstilling af polymere mikrosfærer til optisk resonator og laser applikationer

This paper describes three methods of preparing fluorescent microspheres comprising &#960;-conjugated or non-conjugated polymers: vapor diffusion, ...

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

Resonans fluorescens af en InGaAs Quantum Dot i en Planar hulrum bruger ortogonale Excitation og påvisning

The ability to perform simultaneous resonant excitation and fluorescence detection is important for quantum optical measurements of quantum dots (QDs). ...