Name: invasive hemodynamic characterization of the portal-hypertensive syndrome in cirrhotic rats
Uploaded: 2018-08-01T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats at JoVE.com

我们感谢兽医, 护士和动物饲养者在生物医学研究中心的持续支持, 在我们的研究项目。作者承认本议定书所有审评员的重要投入。其中一些研究由奥地利胃肠病和肝病学会的 "青年科学奖" (ÖGGH) 到 PS 和奥地利内科医学协会的 "斯柯达奖" 资助。

这里描述的所有方法都已获得维也纳医科大学道德委员会和奥地利科学、研究和经济部 (BMWFW) 的批准。由于血流动力学测量代表手术干预, 必须在手术室或类似清洁工作区的无菌条件下执行程序。一般情况下, 建议在无菌条件下工作。当使用吸入麻醉时, 考虑适当的通气手术室的工作安全。在本议定书中提出的所有血流动力学读数的情况下, 必须考虑 40–50 min/动物的时间段。
1. ?...

<ol>
	<li>Ripoll, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatic+venous+pressure+gradient+predicts+clinical+decompensation+in+patients+with+compensated+cirrhosis.">Hepatic venous pressure gradient predicts clinical decompensation in patients with compensated cirrhosis.</a> Gastroenterology. 133 (2), 481-488 (2007).</li><li>Bosch, J., Groszmann, R. J., Shah, V. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolution+in+the+understanding+of+the+pathophysiological+basis+of+portal+hypertension:+How+changes+in+paradigm+are+leading+to+successful+new+treatments.">Evolution in the understanding of the pathophysiological basis of portal hypertension: How changes in paradigm are leading to successful new treatments.</a> J Hepatol. 62, S121-S130 (2015).</li><li>Blachier, M., Leleu, H., Peck-Radosavljevic, M., Valla, D. C., Roudot-Thoraval, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+burden+of+liver+disease+in+Europe:+a+review+of+available+epidemiological+data.">The burden of liver disease in Europe: a review of available epidemiological data.</a> J Hepatol. 58 (3), 593-608 (2013).</li><li>Colle, I., Geerts, A. M., Van Steenkiste, C., Van Vlierberghe, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemodynamic+Changes+in+Splanchnic+Blood+Vessels+in+Portal+Hypertension.">Hemodynamic Changes in Splanchnic Blood Vessels in Portal Hypertension.</a> Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology. 291 (6), 699-713 (2008).</li><li>Laleman, W., Van Landeghem, L., Wilmer, A., Fevery, J., Nevens, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Portal+hypertension:+from+pathophysiology+to+clinical+practice.">Portal hypertension: from pathophysiology to clinical practice.</a> Liver International. 25 (6), 1079-1090 (2005).</li><li>Franchis, R. d. . <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Updating+Consensus+in+Portal+Hypertension:+Report+of+the+Baveno+III+Consensus+Workshop+on+definitions,+methodology+and+therapeutic+strategies+in+portal+hypertension.">Updating Consensus in Portal Hypertension: Report of the Baveno III Consensus Workshop on definitions, methodology and therapeutic strategies in portal hypertension.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 33 (5), 846-852 (2000).</li><li>Zardi, E. M., Di Matteo, F. M., Pacella, C. M., Sanyal, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Invasive+and+non-invasive+techniques+for+detecting+portal+hypertension+and+predicting+variceral+bleeding+in+cirrhosis:+a+review.">Invasive and non-invasive techniques for detecting portal hypertension and predicting variceral bleeding in cirrhosis: a review.</a> Annals of medicine. 46 (1), 8-17 (2014).</li><li>Kumar, A., Sharma, P., Sarin, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatic+venous+pressure+gradient+measurement:+time+to+learn.">Hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement: time to learn.</a> Indian J Gastroenterol. 27 (2), 74-80 (2008).</li><li>Tsochatzis, E. A., Bosch, J., Burroughs, A. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Liver+cirrhosis.">Liver cirrhosis.</a> Lancet. 383 (9930), 1749-1761 (2014).</li><li>Abraldes, J. G., Pasar&#237;n, M., Garc&#237;a-Pag&#225;n, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+portal+hypertension.">Animal models of portal hypertension.</a> World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG. 12 (41), 6577-6584 (2006).</li><li>Reiberger, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sorafenib+attenuates+the+portal+hypertensive+syndrome+in+partial+portal+vein+ligated+rats.">Sorafenib attenuates the portal hypertensive syndrome in partial portal vein ligated rats.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 51 (5), 865-873 (2009).</li><li>Schwabl, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pioglitazone+decreases+portosystemic+shunting+by+modulating+inflammation+and+angiogenesis+in+cirrhotic+and+non-cirrhotic+portal+hypertensive+rats.">Pioglitazone decreases portosystemic shunting by modulating inflammation and angiogenesis in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertensive rats.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 60 (6), 1135-1142 (2014).</li><li>Reiberger, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nebivolol+treatment+increases+splanchnic+blood+flow+and+portal+pressure+in+cirrhotic+rats+via+modulation+of+nitric+oxide+signalling.">Nebivolol treatment increases splanchnic blood flow and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats via modulation of nitric oxide signalling.</a> Liver International. 33 (4), 561-568 (2013).</li><li>Schwabl, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+FXR+agonist+PX20606+ameliorates+portal+hypertension+by+targeting+vascular+remodelling+and+sinusoidal+dysfunction.">The FXR agonist PX20606 ameliorates portal hypertension by targeting vascular remodelling and sinusoidal dysfunction.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 66 (4), 724-733 (2017).</li><li>Mandorfer, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sustained+virologic+response+to+interferon-free+therapies+ameliorates+HCV-induced+portal+hypertension.">Sustained virologic response to interferon-free therapies ameliorates HCV-induced portal hypertension.</a> J Hepatol. 65 (4), 692-699 (2016).</li><li>Schwabl, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interferon-free+regimens+improve+portal+hypertension+and+histological+necroinflammation+in+HIV/HCV+patients+with+advanced+liver+disease.">Interferon-free regimens improve portal hypertension and histological necroinflammation in HIV/HCV patients with advanced liver disease.</a> Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 45 (1), 139-149 (2017).</li><li>Reiberger, T., Mandorfer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beta+adrenergic+blockade+and+decompensated+cirrhosis.">Beta adrenergic blockade and decompensated cirrhosis.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 66 (4), 849-859 (2017).</li><li>Reiberger, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carvedilol+for+primary+prophylaxis+of+variceal+bleeding+in+cirrhotic+patients+with+haemodynamic+non-response+to+propranolol.">Carvedilol for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with haemodynamic non-response to propranolol.</a> Gut. 62 (11), 1634-1641 (2013).</li><li>Reiberger, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Austrian+consensus+guidelines+on+the+management+and+treatment+of+portal+hypertension+(Billroth+III).">Austrian consensus guidelines on the management and treatment of portal hypertension (Billroth III).</a> Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 129 (3), 135-158 (2017).</li><li>de Franchis, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expanding+consensus+in+portal+hypertension.">Expanding consensus in portal hypertension.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 63 (3), 743-752 (2015).</li><li>Pinter, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+sorafenib+on+the+portal+hypertensive+syndrome+in+patients+with+liver+cirrhosis+and+hepatocellular+carcinoma+-+a+pilot+study.">The effects of sorafenib on the portal hypertensive syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma - a pilot study.</a> Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics. 35 (1), 83-91 (2012).</li><li>Schwabl, P., Laleman, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+treatment+options+for+portal+hypertension.">Novel treatment options for portal hypertension.</a> Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 5 (2), 90-103 (2017).</li><li>Klein, S., Schierwagen, R., Uschner, F., Trebicka, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Mouse and Rat Models of Induction of Hepatic Fibrosis and Assessment of Portal Hypertension. , (2017).</li><li>Russell, W. M. S., Burch, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. , (1959).</li><li>Langhans, W., Myrtha, A., Riediger, T., Lutz, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Routine animal use procedures. , (2016).</li><li>Animal Care and Use Program. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Rat and Mouse anesthesia and analgesia: Formulary and General Drug Information. , (2016).</li><li>Davis, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Current Protocols in Neuroscience. , (2001).</li><li>Albrecht, M., Henke, J., Tacke, S., Markert, M., Guth, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+isoflurane,+ketamine-xylazine+and+a+combination+of+medetomidine,+midazolam+and+fentanyl+on+physiological+variables+continuously+measured+by+telemetry+in+Wistar+rats.">Effects of isoflurane, ketamine-xylazine and a combination of medetomidine, midazolam and fentanyl on physiological variables continuously measured by telemetry in Wistar rats.</a> BMC Veterinary Research. 10 (1), 198 (2014).</li><li>Redfors, B., Shao, Y., Omerovic, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+anesthetic+agent,+depth+of+anesthesia+and+body+temperature+on+cardiovascular+functional+parameters+in+the+rat.">Influence of anesthetic agent, depth of anesthesia and body temperature on cardiovascular functional parameters in the rat.</a> Laboratory Animals. 48 (1), 6-14 (2014).</li><li>Becker, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Statement on anesthesia methodologies: Recommondations on anaesthesia methodologies for animal experimentation in rodents and rabbits. , (2016).</li></ol>

PP 是评价门脉高压综合征的主要结局参数, 反映肝硬化的严重程度。基质沉积 (即纤维化) 和正弦血管收缩 (由于血管收缩剂肝表达的增加和对血管扩张剂的反应减少) 导致 IHVR 增加。聚丙烯的重要性和它对慢性肝病的影响已显示在多个临床前11,12,13,14和临床研究15,<sup cla...

PHT 被定义为门静脉系统的病理增加的血压, 可能导致严重并发症的肝硬化患者, 如静脉曲张出血和腹水1。肝前 (如门静脉血栓) 和肝后 (如布-加综合征) PHT 少见, 肝硬化肝内 PHT 是 PHT2的最常见病因。
在肝硬化中, PP 主要是由于升高的 IHVR3而增加的。在晚期, PHT 的增加 PVBF 由于增加的心脏输出和减少系统性和内脏血管阻力-定义门脉高压综合征4。欧姆定律 (ΔP = Q R) 意味着 IHVR 和血流与 PP5成正比。在患者中, 直接测量 PP 是危险的, 没有例行执行;相反, 肝静脉压力梯度 (HVPG) 被用作间接测量 PP6,7。HVPG 的计算方法是从楔形肝静脉压 (WHVP) 中减去游离肝静脉压 (FHVP), 用放置在肝静脉中的气囊导管测量8。1–5 mmHg 之间的生理 HVPG 范围, 而 HVPG ≥10 mmHg 定义临床重要的门静脉高压 (CSPH), 表明 PHT 相关并发症的风险增加, 如静脉曲张出血, 腹水和肝性脑病9.尽管 PP (即HVPG) 是 PHT 严重性的最相关参数, 但有关 PHT 其他成分的信息, 包括存在高动力循环的严重性 (HR、MAP)、内脏/肠系膜动脉血流和 IHVR, 对于全面了解 PHT 的基本机制。
因此, 与间接测量人的 pp 相比, 引入的方法为大鼠提供了直接测量 pp 的优势, 并允许记录额外的血流动力学参数表征门脉高压综合征。此外, 直接测量 PP 是一个很好的综合读数的肝纤维化的数量 (IHVR 的一个主要决定因素), 克服了一定程度的纤维化量化相关的肝组织抽样错误。
肝硬化 PHT 最常用的啮齿动物模型包括手术胆管结扎术 (BDL)、毒素诱发肝损伤 (即四氯化碳、硫乙酰胺或硝胺管理) 和饮食诱导的代谢性肝。疾病模型。肝前性 (非肝硬化) PHT 可由部分门静脉结扎术 (PPVL)10引起。
小啮齿类动物非常适合所提出的方法, 包括老鼠, 仓鼠, 大鼠, 或兔子, 并与相对较低的维护成本。尽管所有的血流动力学评估是可行的, 在小鼠, 更好的准确性和重现性的结果被发现与大鼠或较大的啮齿动物由于明显的优势, 动物的大小。此外, 还需要特定的微仪器和器件来获得类似的小鼠血流动力学参数。最后, 大鼠更健壮, 相关的发病率和死亡率较低, 因此, 大鼠的辍学率可能低于小鼠。
所提出的方法非常适合评估肝病的具体治疗 (即抗纤维化或消炎药) 或新的药理学方法, 影响血管张力和/或内皮生物学;因此, 可能影响 PHT 的血流动力学参数。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LabChart 7 Pro software</td>
			<td>ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ML870 PowerLab 8/30</td>
			<td>ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Electronic multichannel recorder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MLT0380/D</td>
			<td>ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Pressure transducer (x2: for Portal Pressure and Arterial Pressure)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ML112 Quad Bridge Amplifier</td>
			<td>ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Bridge amplifier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TS420</td>
			<td>Transonic Systems Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Flowmeter module</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biological Research Apparatus 7025</td>
			<td>UGO BASILE S.R.L., Comerio, Italy</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Ventilator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vapor 2000</td>
			<td>Dr&#228;ger Medical AG &#38; Co. KG, L&#252;beck, Germany</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Isofluran Vaporizer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Perivascular probes (rat) for Transonic systems (Superior Mesenteric Artery)</td>
			<td>Transonic Systems Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA</td>
			<td>#MA1PRB</td>
			<td>Ultrasonic flow probe (1mm)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Perivascular probes (rat) for Transonic systems (Portal Vein)</td>
			<td>Transonic Systems Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA</td>
			<td>#MA2PSB</td>
			<td>Ultrasonic flow probe (2mm)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1st for intubation &#38; 2nd for clean skin incisions</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Mayo scissor [x2]</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metzenbaum scissor</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cuticle scissor</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Adson Brown tissue forceps</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Tissue Forceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High precision 45&#176; angle broad point forceps [x2]</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemostat [x4]</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Mikulicz peritoneal clamp</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Curved clamp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Dieffenbach clamp</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Micro clamp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. micro spatula with flat ends, width 4 mm,</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Micro metal spatula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>for transbuccal suture at intubation</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Needle holder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel grip</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>selfmade</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Intubation desk</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>blut, flexible and with a suitable diameter for arterial cannula and venflow</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Blunt steel wire</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>modified arterial line 20G with Flowstich</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson, Farady Road, Swindon, UK</td>
			<td>#682245</td>
			<td>Arterial line</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heating pad</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rectal temerature probe</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Saline heater</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laryngoscope (specific for animal size, e.g. rat)</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inductionbox for inhalation anesthesia</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scale (able to measure mg)</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hair clipper</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name </td>
			<td>Company </td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Consumables </td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. modified BD Venflon Pro Safety 14GA</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson Infusion Therapy, AB, SE251 06 Helsingborg, Sweden</td>
			<td>#393230</td>
			<td>Peripheral venous catheter (14G)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine-Bore Polyethylene Tubing, ID 0.58mm, OD 0.96mm, Portex,</td>
			<td>Smiths Medical International Ltd., Kent, UK</td>
			<td>#800/100/200</td>
			<td>Catheter tube (PE-50)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Omnifix-F Solo</td>
			<td>B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany</td>
			<td>#9161406V</td>
			<td>Syringe 1mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Injekt Solo</td>
			<td>B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany</td>
			<td>#4606051V</td>
			<td>Syringe 5mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Injekt Solo</td>
			<td>B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany</td>
			<td>#4606205V</td>
			<td>Syringe 20mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. BD Microlance 3, 18G - 1 1/2&#34;</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson S.A., Fraga, Spain</td>
			<td>#304622</td>
			<td>Cannula (18G)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. BD Microlance 3, 23G - 1&#34;</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson S.A., Fraga, Spain</td>
			<td>#300800</td>
			<td>Cannula (23G)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. BD Microlance 3, 30G - 1/2&#34;</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson S.A., Fraga, Spain</td>
			<td>#304000</td>
			<td>Cannula (30G) </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Leukoplast S</td>
			<td>BSN medical GmbH, Hamburg,&#160; Germany</td>
			<td>#47619-00</td>
			<td>Adhesive tape</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Gazin RK Mullkompressen (18x8cm)</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Vienna, Austria</td>
			<td>#10972</td>
			<td>Gauze compress (small)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Gazin RK Mullkompressen (5x5cm)</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Vienna, Austria</td>
			<td>#10961</td>
			<td>Gauze compress (big)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silk Braided black, USP 4/0, EP 1.5</td>
			<td>SMI AG, St. Vith, Belgium</td>
			<td>#2021-04</td>
			<td>Suture (Silk 4/0, EP 1.5)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Mersilk, 2-0 (3 Ph. Eur.), PS-1 Prime</td>
			<td>Johnson &#38; Johnson Medical GmbH - Ethicon Deutschland, Germany</td>
			<td>#EH7552</td>
			<td>Transbuccal suture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Cottonbuds (2.2mm, 15cm)</td>
			<td>Paul Hartmann AG, Heidenheim, Germany</td>
			<td>#967936</td>
			<td>Cotton buds</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Vue Ultrasoundgel</td>
			<td>Optimum Medical Limited, UK</td>
			<td>#1157</td>
			<td>Ultrasound gel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Glubran 2</td>
			<td>Gem srl, Viareggio, Italy</td>
			<td>#G-NB2-50</td>
			<td>Tissue glue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Surgical scalpell knife Nr. 10 - carbon steel</td>
			<td>Swann-Morton, England, B.S.</td>
			<td>#202</td>
			<td>Scalpel Knife</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin, 5000 i.E./mL (Natriumheparin)</td>
			<td>Medicamentum Pharma GmbH, Allerheiligen im M&#252;rztal, Austria</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Heparin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Florane</td>
			<td>Aesica Queenborough Ltd., Queenborough, UK</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OeloVital (5g)</td>
			<td>Fresenius Kabi Austira Gmbh, Graz, Austria</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Eye gel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketasol</td>
			<td>aniMedica GmbH, Senden-B&#246;sensell, Germany</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Ketamine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rompun</td>
			<td>Bayer Austria Ges.m.b.H., Vienna, Austria</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylocain 10% Pumpspray</td>
			<td>AstraZeneca &#214;sterreich GmbH, Vienna, Austria</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Lidocaine pump spray</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dipidolor</td>
			<td>Jansen-Cilag Pharma GmbH, Vienna, Austria</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Piritramide</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl 0.9% Fresenius, 1L</td>
			<td>Fresenius Kabi Austira GmbH, Graz, Austria</td>
			<td>#13LIP132</td>
			<td>Physiological saline solution</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

invasive hemodynamic characterization of the portal-hypertensive syndrome in cirrhotic rats

这是一个详细的协议描述侵袭性血流动力学测量肝硬化大鼠门脉高压综合征的特点。肝硬化门静脉高压症 (PHT) 是导致肝病患者最严重并发症的原因。门脉高压综合征的全貌是由于肝内血管阻力增加 (IHVR), 存在高动力循环, 内脏血流量增加, 门静脉压力增加 (PP)。进展性内脏动脉舒张和增加心脏输出与高心率 (HR), 但低动脉压力特点的门脉高压综合征。
目前正在开发新的治疗方法, 目的是降低 PP 的靶向 IHVR 或增加内脏血流-但副作用的系统性血流动力学可能会发生。因此, 需要对门静脉、内脏和全身血流动力学参数进行详细的描述, 包括测量 PP、门静脉血流量 (PVBF)、肠系膜动脉血流量、平均动脉压 (MAP) 和 HR 是临床前PHT 新疗法的疗效评价。我们的视频文章为读者提供了一个结构化的协议来执行肝硬化大鼠的侵袭性血流动力学测量。特别是, 我们描述了通过回结肠静脉插管的股动脉和门静脉, 并通过周围多普勒超声流量探头测量门静脉和内脏血流量。PHT 了不同大鼠模型的代表性结果。

根据动物模型和肝脏疾病的严重性, 门脉高压综合征的 PHT 程度和严重性不同 (图 7)。
BDL 模型导致胆汁性肝硬化胆汁淤积。因此, 随着时间的推移, PP 的增加和存在高动力的循环发展, 从人力资源的增加和地图的减少看到。在肝硬化动物中, SMABF、PVBF 和 IHVR 也增加和谐肝脏和血流动力学的改变 (<strong class="xf...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats at JoVE.com

Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats

在这里, 我们描述了一个详细的协议, 以侵入性测量的血流动力学参数, 包括门压力, 内脏血流量, 系统血流动力学, 以表征门脉高压综合征的大鼠。

肝硬化大鼠门脉高压综合征的侵袭性血流动力学特征

This is a detailed protocol describing invasive hemodynamic measurements in cirrhotic rats for the characterization of portal hypertensive syndrome. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Monitoring of Systemic and Hepatic Hemodynamic Parameters in Mice

全身及肝脏血流动力学参数的监测小鼠

The use of mouse models in experimental research is of enormous importance for the study of hepatic physiology and pathophysiological disturbances. ...

科研

医学

Early Detection of Drug-Induced Renal Hemodynamic Dysfunction Using Sonographic Technology in Rats

大鼠使用超声技术药物引起的肾血流动力学障碍的早期检测

The kidney normally functions to maintain hemodynamic homeostasis and is a major site of damage caused by drug toxicity. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is ...

Hemodynamic Characterization of Rodent Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

肺动脉高压的啮齿动物模型的血流动力学特性

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease of the pulmonary vasculature characterized by endothelial cell apoptosis, smooth muscle ...

Minimally Invasive Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice

微创横向主动脉缩窄小鼠

Minimally invasive transverse aortic constriction (MTAC) is a more desirable method for the constriction of the transverse aorta in mice than standard ...

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamics in a Large Animal Model of ARDS

ards 大型动物模型主动脉和肺动脉血流动力学的侵袭血流动力学监测

One of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure is right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, especially if it is due to ...

Oleic Acid-Injection in Pigs As a Model for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

油酸注射液在猪急性呼吸窘迫综合征模型中的研究

The acute respiratory distress syndrome is a relevant intensive care disease with an incidence ranging between 2.2% and 19% of intensive care unit ...

Simultaneous Electrocardiography Recording and Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement in Rats

大鼠同时心电图记录及侵入性血压测量

For studies related to cardiovascular physiology or pathophysiology, blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiography are basic observational parameters. ...

Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment for the Right Ventricular System and Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mice

小鼠右心室系统及缺氧诱发肺动脉高血压的侵入性血液动力学评估

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and severe cardiopulmonary disorder. Mice are a popular animal model used to mimic this disease. ...

A Pre-clinical Rat Model for the Study of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Reconstructive Microsurgery

重建显微外科缺血再灌注损伤研究的临床前大鼠模型

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the main cause of flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery. The rat is the preferred preclinical animal model in many ...

Semi-Minimal Invasive Method to Induce Myocardial Infarction in Rats and the Assessment of Cardiac Function by an Isolated Working Heart System

诱导大鼠心肌梗死的半微创方法及独立工作心脏系统对心脏功能的评估

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the main contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, research on this topic is mandatory. An easily ...