Name: invasive hemodynamic characterization of the portal-hypertensive syndrome in cirrhotic rats
Uploaded: 2018-08-01T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats at JoVE.com

Vi takker de dyrlæger, sygeplejersker og animalske ihændehavere på Center for biomedicinsk forskning for deres fortsatte støtte under vores forskningsprojekter. Forfatterne anerkender den vigtige input af alle anmeldere af denne protokol. Nogle af forskningen blev finansieret af "Unge Science Award" af den østrigske samfund for gastroenterologi og hepatologi (ÖGGH) til PS og "Skoda Award" af den østrigske Society of Internal Medicine at TR.

Alle metoder beskrevet her er blevet godkendt af den etiske komité i den medicinske universitet i Wien og den østrigske Ministeriet for videnskab, forskning og økonomi (BMWFW). Procedurer skal udføres under aseptiske forhold i en operation room eller lignende ren arbejdsområde, da de hæmodynamiske målinger repræsenterer kirurgiske indgreb. Generelt anbefales arbejder i sterile forhold. Når du bruger et inhalation anæstesi, overveje passende ventilation af kirurgi rummet for arbejdssikkerhed. En periode på 40 ?...

<ol>
	<li>Ripoll, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatic+venous+pressure+gradient+predicts+clinical+decompensation+in+patients+with+compensated+cirrhosis.">Hepatic venous pressure gradient predicts clinical decompensation in patients with compensated cirrhosis.</a> Gastroenterology. 133 (2), 481-488 (2007).</li><li>Bosch, J., Groszmann, R. J., Shah, V. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolution+in+the+understanding+of+the+pathophysiological+basis+of+portal+hypertension:+How+changes+in+paradigm+are+leading+to+successful+new+treatments.">Evolution in the understanding of the pathophysiological basis of portal hypertension: How changes in paradigm are leading to successful new treatments.</a> J Hepatol. 62, S121-S130 (2015).</li><li>Blachier, M., Leleu, H., Peck-Radosavljevic, M., Valla, D. C., Roudot-Thoraval, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+burden+of+liver+disease+in+Europe:+a+review+of+available+epidemiological+data.">The burden of liver disease in Europe: a review of available epidemiological data.</a> J Hepatol. 58 (3), 593-608 (2013).</li><li>Colle, I., Geerts, A. M., Van Steenkiste, C., Van Vlierberghe, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemodynamic+Changes+in+Splanchnic+Blood+Vessels+in+Portal+Hypertension.">Hemodynamic Changes in Splanchnic Blood Vessels in Portal Hypertension.</a> Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology. 291 (6), 699-713 (2008).</li><li>Laleman, W., Van Landeghem, L., Wilmer, A., Fevery, J., Nevens, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Portal+hypertension:+from+pathophysiology+to+clinical+practice.">Portal hypertension: from pathophysiology to clinical practice.</a> Liver International. 25 (6), 1079-1090 (2005).</li><li>Franchis, R. d. . <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Updating+Consensus+in+Portal+Hypertension:+Report+of+the+Baveno+III+Consensus+Workshop+on+definitions,+methodology+and+therapeutic+strategies+in+portal+hypertension.">Updating Consensus in Portal Hypertension: Report of the Baveno III Consensus Workshop on definitions, methodology and therapeutic strategies in portal hypertension.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 33 (5), 846-852 (2000).</li><li>Zardi, E. M., Di Matteo, F. M., Pacella, C. M., Sanyal, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Invasive+and+non-invasive+techniques+for+detecting+portal+hypertension+and+predicting+variceral+bleeding+in+cirrhosis:+a+review.">Invasive and non-invasive techniques for detecting portal hypertension and predicting variceral bleeding in cirrhosis: a review.</a> Annals of medicine. 46 (1), 8-17 (2014).</li><li>Kumar, A., Sharma, P., Sarin, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatic+venous+pressure+gradient+measurement:+time+to+learn.">Hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement: time to learn.</a> Indian J Gastroenterol. 27 (2), 74-80 (2008).</li><li>Tsochatzis, E. A., Bosch, J., Burroughs, A. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Liver+cirrhosis.">Liver cirrhosis.</a> Lancet. 383 (9930), 1749-1761 (2014).</li><li>Abraldes, J. G., Pasar&#237;n, M., Garc&#237;a-Pag&#225;n, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+portal+hypertension.">Animal models of portal hypertension.</a> World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG. 12 (41), 6577-6584 (2006).</li><li>Reiberger, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sorafenib+attenuates+the+portal+hypertensive+syndrome+in+partial+portal+vein+ligated+rats.">Sorafenib attenuates the portal hypertensive syndrome in partial portal vein ligated rats.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 51 (5), 865-873 (2009).</li><li>Schwabl, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pioglitazone+decreases+portosystemic+shunting+by+modulating+inflammation+and+angiogenesis+in+cirrhotic+and+non-cirrhotic+portal+hypertensive+rats.">Pioglitazone decreases portosystemic shunting by modulating inflammation and angiogenesis in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertensive rats.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 60 (6), 1135-1142 (2014).</li><li>Reiberger, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nebivolol+treatment+increases+splanchnic+blood+flow+and+portal+pressure+in+cirrhotic+rats+via+modulation+of+nitric+oxide+signalling.">Nebivolol treatment increases splanchnic blood flow and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats via modulation of nitric oxide signalling.</a> Liver International. 33 (4), 561-568 (2013).</li><li>Schwabl, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+FXR+agonist+PX20606+ameliorates+portal+hypertension+by+targeting+vascular+remodelling+and+sinusoidal+dysfunction.">The FXR agonist PX20606 ameliorates portal hypertension by targeting vascular remodelling and sinusoidal dysfunction.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 66 (4), 724-733 (2017).</li><li>Mandorfer, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sustained+virologic+response+to+interferon-free+therapies+ameliorates+HCV-induced+portal+hypertension.">Sustained virologic response to interferon-free therapies ameliorates HCV-induced portal hypertension.</a> J Hepatol. 65 (4), 692-699 (2016).</li><li>Schwabl, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interferon-free+regimens+improve+portal+hypertension+and+histological+necroinflammation+in+HIV/HCV+patients+with+advanced+liver+disease.">Interferon-free regimens improve portal hypertension and histological necroinflammation in HIV/HCV patients with advanced liver disease.</a> Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 45 (1), 139-149 (2017).</li><li>Reiberger, T., Mandorfer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beta+adrenergic+blockade+and+decompensated+cirrhosis.">Beta adrenergic blockade and decompensated cirrhosis.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 66 (4), 849-859 (2017).</li><li>Reiberger, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carvedilol+for+primary+prophylaxis+of+variceal+bleeding+in+cirrhotic+patients+with+haemodynamic+non-response+to+propranolol.">Carvedilol for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with haemodynamic non-response to propranolol.</a> Gut. 62 (11), 1634-1641 (2013).</li><li>Reiberger, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Austrian+consensus+guidelines+on+the+management+and+treatment+of+portal+hypertension+(Billroth+III).">Austrian consensus guidelines on the management and treatment of portal hypertension (Billroth III).</a> Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 129 (3), 135-158 (2017).</li><li>de Franchis, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expanding+consensus+in+portal+hypertension.">Expanding consensus in portal hypertension.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 63 (3), 743-752 (2015).</li><li>Pinter, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+sorafenib+on+the+portal+hypertensive+syndrome+in+patients+with+liver+cirrhosis+and+hepatocellular+carcinoma+-+a+pilot+study.">The effects of sorafenib on the portal hypertensive syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma - a pilot study.</a> Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics. 35 (1), 83-91 (2012).</li><li>Schwabl, P., Laleman, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+treatment+options+for+portal+hypertension.">Novel treatment options for portal hypertension.</a> Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 5 (2), 90-103 (2017).</li><li>Klein, S., Schierwagen, R., Uschner, F., Trebicka, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Mouse and Rat Models of Induction of Hepatic Fibrosis and Assessment of Portal Hypertension. , (2017).</li><li>Russell, W. M. S., Burch, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. , (1959).</li><li>Langhans, W., Myrtha, A., Riediger, T., Lutz, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Routine animal use procedures. , (2016).</li><li>Animal Care and Use Program. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Rat and Mouse anesthesia and analgesia: Formulary and General Drug Information. , (2016).</li><li>Davis, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Current Protocols in Neuroscience. , (2001).</li><li>Albrecht, M., Henke, J., Tacke, S., Markert, M., Guth, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+isoflurane,+ketamine-xylazine+and+a+combination+of+medetomidine,+midazolam+and+fentanyl+on+physiological+variables+continuously+measured+by+telemetry+in+Wistar+rats.">Effects of isoflurane, ketamine-xylazine and a combination of medetomidine, midazolam and fentanyl on physiological variables continuously measured by telemetry in Wistar rats.</a> BMC Veterinary Research. 10 (1), 198 (2014).</li><li>Redfors, B., Shao, Y., Omerovic, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+anesthetic+agent,+depth+of+anesthesia+and+body+temperature+on+cardiovascular+functional+parameters+in+the+rat.">Influence of anesthetic agent, depth of anesthesia and body temperature on cardiovascular functional parameters in the rat.</a> Laboratory Animals. 48 (1), 6-14 (2014).</li><li>Becker, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Statement on anesthesia methodologies: Recommondations on anaesthesia methodologies for animal experimentation in rodents and rabbits. , (2016).</li></ol>

PP er parameteren Hovedresultatet for evaluering af portalen hypertensive syndrom og afspejler graden af underliggende skrumpelever. Både matrix deposition (dvs., fibrose) og sinusformet vasokonstriktion (skyldes øget hepatisk udtryk for vasoconstrictors og nedsat lydhørhed over for vasodilatorer) forårsage øget IHVR. Betydningen af PP og dens indvirkning på kronisk leversygdom har været vist i flere prækliniske11,12,...

PHT er defineret som patologisk forhøjet blodtryk i portalen venøse system, der kan forårsage alvorlige komplikationer hos patienter med cirrose som variceal blødning og ascites1. Mens præ hepatisk (fx, portalen venetrombose) og post hepatisk (fx, Budd-Chiari-syndrom) PHT er sjældne, intrahepatisk PHT på grund af levercirrose repræsenterer den mest almindelige årsag til PHT2.
I levercirrose øges PP primært som følge af forhøjet IHVR3. I fremskredne stadier, PHT forværres af den øgede PVBF på grund af øget minutvolumen og faldt systemiske og splanknisk vaskulære modstand – definere portal hypertensive syndrom4. Ohms lov (Δp = Q * R) indebærer, at IHVR og blood flow er proportional med PP5. Hos patienter er direkte måling af PP risikabelt og ikke rutinemæssigt udføres; i stedet, den hepatiske venøs trykgradient (HVPG) bruges som et indirekte mål for PP6,7. HVPG er beregnet ved at fratrække den gratis hepatisk venetryk (FHVP) fra den kilet hepatisk venetryk (WHVP), der måles ved hjælp af en ballonkateter placeret i en leverens vene8. Den fysiologiske HVPG svinger mellem 1-5 mmHg, mens en HVPG ≥10 mmHg definerer klinisk signifikant portal hypertension (CSPH) og viser øget risiko for PHT-relaterede komplikationer, såsom variceal blødning, ascites og hepatisk encefalopati9 . Selv om PP (dvs.HVPG) er den mest relevante parameter for PHT sværhedsgraden, oplysninger om andre komponenter af PHT, herunder sværhedsgraden af hyperdynamisk omsætning (HR, kort), er splanknisk/mesenteriallymfeknuderne arterielt blod flow, og IHVR, afgørende for få en bred forståelse af de forskellige underliggende mekanisme i PHT.
Således, i modsætning til indirekte målinger af PP i mennesker, metoden indført for rotter tilbyder fordelen ved en direkte måling af PP og giver mulighed for optagelse af yderligere hæmodynamiske parametre kendetegner portal hypertensive syndrom. Derudover direkte måling af PP er en fremragende Integrativ udlæsning af mængden af leverfibrose (en vigtig faktor for IHVR) og overvinder visse begrænsninger af fibrose kvantificering relateret til levervæv stikprøvefejl.
De mest almindeligt anvendte gnavere modeller af cirrhotic PHT omfatter kirurgisk galdegang ligatur (BDL), toksin-induceret leverskade (dvs.af tetrachlormethan, thioacetamide eller dimethylnitrosamine administration) og kost-induceret metaboliske leveren sygdomsmodeller. Prehepatic (ikke-cirrhotic) PHT kan være fremkaldt af delvis portåren ligatur (PPVL)10.
Små gnavere er velegnet til metoden præsenteres, herunder mus, hamstre, rotter eller kaniner, og er forbundet med relativt lave vedligeholdelsesomkostninger. På trods af at alle de hæmodynamiske vurderinger er muligt at udføre i mus, bedre nøjagtighed og reproducerbarhed af resultaterne ses med rotter eller større gnavere på grund af den åbenlyse fordel af dyrenes størrelse. Derudover specifikke mikro-instrumenter og enheder er nødvendig for at opnå lignende hæmodynamiske parametre i mus. Endelig, rotter er mere robuste med lavere tilknyttede sygelighed og dødelighed og således, at frafaldsprocenten er sandsynligvis lavere i rotter end i mus.
Den præsenterede metode er velegnet til at vurdere specifikke behandlinger af leversygdom (dvs., anti-fibrotisk eller anti-inflammatoriske lægemidler) eller roman farmakologiske metoder at indflydelse vaskulære tone og/eller endotel biologi; og dermed, sandsynlige virkninger hæmodynamiske parametre i PHT.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LabChart 7 Pro software</td>
			<td>ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ML870 PowerLab 8/30</td>
			<td>ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Electronic multichannel recorder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MLT0380/D</td>
			<td>ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Pressure transducer (x2: for Portal Pressure and Arterial Pressure)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ML112 Quad Bridge Amplifier</td>
			<td>ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Bridge amplifier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TS420</td>
			<td>Transonic Systems Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Flowmeter module</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biological Research Apparatus 7025</td>
			<td>UGO BASILE S.R.L., Comerio, Italy</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Ventilator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vapor 2000</td>
			<td>Dr&#228;ger Medical AG &#38; Co. KG, L&#252;beck, Germany</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Isofluran Vaporizer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Perivascular probes (rat) for Transonic systems (Superior Mesenteric Artery)</td>
			<td>Transonic Systems Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA</td>
			<td>#MA1PRB</td>
			<td>Ultrasonic flow probe (1mm)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Perivascular probes (rat) for Transonic systems (Portal Vein)</td>
			<td>Transonic Systems Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA</td>
			<td>#MA2PSB</td>
			<td>Ultrasonic flow probe (2mm)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1st for intubation &#38; 2nd for clean skin incisions</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Mayo scissor [x2]</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metzenbaum scissor</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cuticle scissor</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Adson Brown tissue forceps</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Tissue Forceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High precision 45&#176; angle broad point forceps [x2]</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemostat [x4]</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Mikulicz peritoneal clamp</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Curved clamp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Dieffenbach clamp</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Micro clamp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. micro spatula with flat ends, width 4 mm,</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Micro metal spatula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>for transbuccal suture at intubation</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Needle holder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel grip</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>selfmade</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Intubation desk</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>blut, flexible and with a suitable diameter for arterial cannula and venflow</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Blunt steel wire</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>modified arterial line 20G with Flowstich</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson, Farady Road, Swindon, UK</td>
			<td>#682245</td>
			<td>Arterial line</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heating pad</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rectal temerature probe</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Saline heater</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laryngoscope (specific for animal size, e.g. rat)</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inductionbox for inhalation anesthesia</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scale (able to measure mg)</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hair clipper</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name </td>
			<td>Company </td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Consumables </td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. modified BD Venflon Pro Safety 14GA</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson Infusion Therapy, AB, SE251 06 Helsingborg, Sweden</td>
			<td>#393230</td>
			<td>Peripheral venous catheter (14G)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine-Bore Polyethylene Tubing, ID 0.58mm, OD 0.96mm, Portex,</td>
			<td>Smiths Medical International Ltd., Kent, UK</td>
			<td>#800/100/200</td>
			<td>Catheter tube (PE-50)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Omnifix-F Solo</td>
			<td>B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany</td>
			<td>#9161406V</td>
			<td>Syringe 1mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Injekt Solo</td>
			<td>B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany</td>
			<td>#4606051V</td>
			<td>Syringe 5mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Injekt Solo</td>
			<td>B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany</td>
			<td>#4606205V</td>
			<td>Syringe 20mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. BD Microlance 3, 18G - 1 1/2&#34;</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson S.A., Fraga, Spain</td>
			<td>#304622</td>
			<td>Cannula (18G)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. BD Microlance 3, 23G - 1&#34;</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson S.A., Fraga, Spain</td>
			<td>#300800</td>
			<td>Cannula (23G)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. BD Microlance 3, 30G - 1/2&#34;</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson S.A., Fraga, Spain</td>
			<td>#304000</td>
			<td>Cannula (30G) </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Leukoplast S</td>
			<td>BSN medical GmbH, Hamburg,&#160; Germany</td>
			<td>#47619-00</td>
			<td>Adhesive tape</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Gazin RK Mullkompressen (18x8cm)</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Vienna, Austria</td>
			<td>#10972</td>
			<td>Gauze compress (small)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Gazin RK Mullkompressen (5x5cm)</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Vienna, Austria</td>
			<td>#10961</td>
			<td>Gauze compress (big)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silk Braided black, USP 4/0, EP 1.5</td>
			<td>SMI AG, St. Vith, Belgium</td>
			<td>#2021-04</td>
			<td>Suture (Silk 4/0, EP 1.5)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Mersilk, 2-0 (3 Ph. Eur.), PS-1 Prime</td>
			<td>Johnson &#38; Johnson Medical GmbH - Ethicon Deutschland, Germany</td>
			<td>#EH7552</td>
			<td>Transbuccal suture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Cottonbuds (2.2mm, 15cm)</td>
			<td>Paul Hartmann AG, Heidenheim, Germany</td>
			<td>#967936</td>
			<td>Cotton buds</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Vue Ultrasoundgel</td>
			<td>Optimum Medical Limited, UK</td>
			<td>#1157</td>
			<td>Ultrasound gel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Glubran 2</td>
			<td>Gem srl, Viareggio, Italy</td>
			<td>#G-NB2-50</td>
			<td>Tissue glue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Surgical scalpell knife Nr. 10 - carbon steel</td>
			<td>Swann-Morton, England, B.S.</td>
			<td>#202</td>
			<td>Scalpel Knife</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin, 5000 i.E./mL (Natriumheparin)</td>
			<td>Medicamentum Pharma GmbH, Allerheiligen im M&#252;rztal, Austria</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Heparin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Florane</td>
			<td>Aesica Queenborough Ltd., Queenborough, UK</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OeloVital (5g)</td>
			<td>Fresenius Kabi Austira Gmbh, Graz, Austria</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Eye gel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketasol</td>
			<td>aniMedica GmbH, Senden-B&#246;sensell, Germany</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Ketamine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rompun</td>
			<td>Bayer Austria Ges.m.b.H., Vienna, Austria</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylocain 10% Pumpspray</td>
			<td>AstraZeneca &#214;sterreich GmbH, Vienna, Austria</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Lidocaine pump spray</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dipidolor</td>
			<td>Jansen-Cilag Pharma GmbH, Vienna, Austria</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Piritramide</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl 0.9% Fresenius, 1L</td>
			<td>Fresenius Kabi Austira GmbH, Graz, Austria</td>
			<td>#13LIP132</td>
			<td>Physiological saline solution</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

invasive hemodynamic characterization of the portal-hypertensive syndrome in cirrhotic rats

Dette er en detaljeret protokol beskriver invasive hæmodynamiske målinger i cirrhotic rotter til karakterisering af portalen hypertensive syndrom. Portal hypertension (PHT) på grund af skrumpelever er ansvarlig for de mest alvorlige komplikationer hos patienter med leversygdom. Det fulde billede af portalen hypertensive syndrom er karakteriseret ved øget portal pres (PP) på grund af øget intrahepatisk vaskulære modstand (IHVR), hyperdynamisk omsætning og øget splanknisk blodgennemstrømning. Progressive splanknisk arteriel vasodilatation og øget minutvolumen med forhøjet puls (HR), men lavt arterielt tryk præger portal hypertensive syndrom.
Nye behandlingsformer er i øjeblikket udvikles det mål at reducere PP af enten målretning IHVR eller øget splanknisk blodgennemstrømning — men bivirkninger på systemisk Hæmodynamik kan forekomme. Således, en detaljeret karakterisering af portalen venøse, splanknisk og systemisk hæmodynamiske parametre, herunder måling af PP, portalen veneblod flow (PVBF), mesenteriallymfeknuderne arterielt blod flow, MIDDEL-arterielt tryk (kort) og HR er nødvendig for prækliniske evaluering af effekten af nye behandlinger for PHT. Vores video artikel giver læseren med en struktureret protokollen udfører invasive hæmodynamiske målinger i cirrhotic rotter. Navnlig, vi beskriver kateterisation af arteria femoralis og Vena via en ileocolic vene og måling af portalen venøse og splanknisk blodgennemstrømningen via perivascular Doppler-ultralyd flow sonder. Repræsentative resultater af forskellige rotte modeller af PHT er vist.

Afhængigt af den dyremodel og alvoren af leversygdom er graden af PHT og sværhedsgraden af portalen hypertensive syndrom forskellige (figur 7).
BDL-model forårsager biliær cirrhose på grund af kolestase. I overensstemmelse hermed, PP stiger over tid og en hyperdynamisk omsætning udvikler sig, som det ses af en stigning af HR og fald af kort. I cirrhotic dyr øge SMABF, PVBF og IHVR også konku...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats at JoVE.com

Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats

Her beskriver vi en detaljeret protokol for invasive målinger af hæmodynamiske parametre herunder portal pres, splanknisk blodgennemstrømningen og systemisk Hæmodynamik for at karakterisere portal hypertensive syndrom i rotter.

Invasive hæmodynamiske karakterisering af Portal-hypertensive syndrom i Cirrhotic rotter

This is a detailed protocol describing invasive hemodynamic measurements in cirrhotic rats for the characterization of portal hypertensive syndrome. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Monitoring of Systemic and Hepatic Hemodynamic Parameters in Mice

Overvågning af systemiske og Nedsat hæmodynamiske parametre i mus

The use of mouse models in experimental research is of enormous importance for the study of hepatic physiology and pathophysiological disturbances. ...

Early Detection of Drug-Induced Renal Hemodynamic Dysfunction Using Sonographic Technology in Rats

Tidlig påvisning af Drug-induceret Renal Hæmodynamisk dysfunktion Brug Sonografisk Technology i rotter

The kidney normally functions to maintain hemodynamic homeostasis and is a major site of damage caused by drug toxicity. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is ...

Hemodynamic Characterization of Rodent Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Hæmodynamisk Karakterisering af gnavermodeller af pulmonal arteriel hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease of the pulmonary vasculature characterized by endothelial cell apoptosis, smooth muscle ...

Minimally Invasive Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice

Minimalt invasiv Tværgående pulsåresammensnøring i mus

Minimally invasive transverse aortic constriction (MTAC) is a more desirable method for the constriction of the transverse aorta in mice than standard ...

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamics in a Large Animal Model of ARDS

Invasiv hæmodynamiske overvågning af aorta og pulmonal arterie Hæmodynamik i en stor animalsk Model af ARDS

One of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure is right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, especially if it is due to ...

Oleic Acid-Injection in Pigs As a Model for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Oliesyre-injektion i svin som en Model for akut respiratorisk Distress syndrom

The acute respiratory distress syndrome is a relevant intensive care disease with an incidence ranging between 2.2% and 19% of intensive care unit ...

Simultaneous Electrocardiography Recording and Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement in Rats

Samtidige Elektrokardiografi optagelse og Invasive blod pres måling i rotter

For studies related to cardiovascular physiology or pathophysiology, blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiography are basic observational parameters. ...

Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment for the Right Ventricular System and Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mice

Invasiv Hæodynamisk vurdering for det højre ventrikel system og hypoxia-induceret pulmonal arteriel hypertension i mus

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and severe cardiopulmonary disorder. Mice are a popular animal model used to mimic this disease. ...

A Pre-clinical Rat Model for the Study of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Reconstructive Microsurgery

En præklinisk rotte model for studiet af iskæmi-reperfusion skade i rekonstruktiv mikrokirurgi

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the main cause of flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery. The rat is the preferred preclinical animal model in many ...

Semi-Minimal Invasive Method to Induce Myocardial Infarction in Rats and the Assessment of Cardiac Function by an Isolated Working Heart System

Semi-Minimal invasive metode til at fremkalde myokardieinfarkt hos rotter og vurdering af hjertefunktion ved et isoleret arbejdende hjertesystem

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the main contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, research on this topic is mandatory. An easily ...