Name: invasive hemodynamic characterization of the portal-hypertensive syndrome in cirrhotic rats
Uploaded: 2018-08-01T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats at JoVE.com

Vi takker veterinærer, sykepleiere og dyr voktere ved Center for Biomedical Research for deres kontinuerlig støtte under våre forskningsprosjekter. Forfatterne bekrefter viktig innspill alle korrekturlesere i denne protokollen. Noen av forskningen ble finansiert av "Young Science Award" østerrikske samfunnet av gastroenterologi og Hepatology (ÖGGH) til PS og "Skoda Award" av den østerrikske Society of Internal Medicine til TR.

Alle metodene som er beskrevet her er godkjent av den etiske komiteen av medisinsk Universität Wien og østerrikske departementet for vitenskap, forskning og økonomi (BMWFW). Prosedyrer må utføres i aseptiske forhold i en operasjon rom eller lignende ren arbeidsområdet siden hemodynamic målingene representerer kirurgiske inngrep. Vanligvis anbefales arbeider i sterile forhold. Når du bruker en innånding anestesi, vurdere ventilasjon kirurgi rommet for sikkerhet. En periode på 40-50 min/dyr har vurderes i tilfell...

<ol>
	<li>Ripoll, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatic+venous+pressure+gradient+predicts+clinical+decompensation+in+patients+with+compensated+cirrhosis.">Hepatic venous pressure gradient predicts clinical decompensation in patients with compensated cirrhosis.</a> Gastroenterology. 133 (2), 481-488 (2007).</li><li>Bosch, J., Groszmann, R. J., Shah, V. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolution+in+the+understanding+of+the+pathophysiological+basis+of+portal+hypertension:+How+changes+in+paradigm+are+leading+to+successful+new+treatments.">Evolution in the understanding of the pathophysiological basis of portal hypertension: How changes in paradigm are leading to successful new treatments.</a> J Hepatol. 62, S121-S130 (2015).</li><li>Blachier, M., Leleu, H., Peck-Radosavljevic, M., Valla, D. C., Roudot-Thoraval, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+burden+of+liver+disease+in+Europe:+a+review+of+available+epidemiological+data.">The burden of liver disease in Europe: a review of available epidemiological data.</a> J Hepatol. 58 (3), 593-608 (2013).</li><li>Colle, I., Geerts, A. M., Van Steenkiste, C., Van Vlierberghe, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemodynamic+Changes+in+Splanchnic+Blood+Vessels+in+Portal+Hypertension.">Hemodynamic Changes in Splanchnic Blood Vessels in Portal Hypertension.</a> Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology. 291 (6), 699-713 (2008).</li><li>Laleman, W., Van Landeghem, L., Wilmer, A., Fevery, J., Nevens, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Portal+hypertension:+from+pathophysiology+to+clinical+practice.">Portal hypertension: from pathophysiology to clinical practice.</a> Liver International. 25 (6), 1079-1090 (2005).</li><li>Franchis, R. d. . <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Updating+Consensus+in+Portal+Hypertension:+Report+of+the+Baveno+III+Consensus+Workshop+on+definitions,+methodology+and+therapeutic+strategies+in+portal+hypertension.">Updating Consensus in Portal Hypertension: Report of the Baveno III Consensus Workshop on definitions, methodology and therapeutic strategies in portal hypertension.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 33 (5), 846-852 (2000).</li><li>Zardi, E. M., Di Matteo, F. M., Pacella, C. M., Sanyal, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Invasive+and+non-invasive+techniques+for+detecting+portal+hypertension+and+predicting+variceral+bleeding+in+cirrhosis:+a+review.">Invasive and non-invasive techniques for detecting portal hypertension and predicting variceral bleeding in cirrhosis: a review.</a> Annals of medicine. 46 (1), 8-17 (2014).</li><li>Kumar, A., Sharma, P., Sarin, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatic+venous+pressure+gradient+measurement:+time+to+learn.">Hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement: time to learn.</a> Indian J Gastroenterol. 27 (2), 74-80 (2008).</li><li>Tsochatzis, E. A., Bosch, J., Burroughs, A. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Liver+cirrhosis.">Liver cirrhosis.</a> Lancet. 383 (9930), 1749-1761 (2014).</li><li>Abraldes, J. G., Pasar&#237;n, M., Garc&#237;a-Pag&#225;n, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+portal+hypertension.">Animal models of portal hypertension.</a> World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG. 12 (41), 6577-6584 (2006).</li><li>Reiberger, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sorafenib+attenuates+the+portal+hypertensive+syndrome+in+partial+portal+vein+ligated+rats.">Sorafenib attenuates the portal hypertensive syndrome in partial portal vein ligated rats.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 51 (5), 865-873 (2009).</li><li>Schwabl, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pioglitazone+decreases+portosystemic+shunting+by+modulating+inflammation+and+angiogenesis+in+cirrhotic+and+non-cirrhotic+portal+hypertensive+rats.">Pioglitazone decreases portosystemic shunting by modulating inflammation and angiogenesis in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertensive rats.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 60 (6), 1135-1142 (2014).</li><li>Reiberger, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nebivolol+treatment+increases+splanchnic+blood+flow+and+portal+pressure+in+cirrhotic+rats+via+modulation+of+nitric+oxide+signalling.">Nebivolol treatment increases splanchnic blood flow and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats via modulation of nitric oxide signalling.</a> Liver International. 33 (4), 561-568 (2013).</li><li>Schwabl, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+FXR+agonist+PX20606+ameliorates+portal+hypertension+by+targeting+vascular+remodelling+and+sinusoidal+dysfunction.">The FXR agonist PX20606 ameliorates portal hypertension by targeting vascular remodelling and sinusoidal dysfunction.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 66 (4), 724-733 (2017).</li><li>Mandorfer, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sustained+virologic+response+to+interferon-free+therapies+ameliorates+HCV-induced+portal+hypertension.">Sustained virologic response to interferon-free therapies ameliorates HCV-induced portal hypertension.</a> J Hepatol. 65 (4), 692-699 (2016).</li><li>Schwabl, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interferon-free+regimens+improve+portal+hypertension+and+histological+necroinflammation+in+HIV/HCV+patients+with+advanced+liver+disease.">Interferon-free regimens improve portal hypertension and histological necroinflammation in HIV/HCV patients with advanced liver disease.</a> Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 45 (1), 139-149 (2017).</li><li>Reiberger, T., Mandorfer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beta+adrenergic+blockade+and+decompensated+cirrhosis.">Beta adrenergic blockade and decompensated cirrhosis.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 66 (4), 849-859 (2017).</li><li>Reiberger, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carvedilol+for+primary+prophylaxis+of+variceal+bleeding+in+cirrhotic+patients+with+haemodynamic+non-response+to+propranolol.">Carvedilol for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with haemodynamic non-response to propranolol.</a> Gut. 62 (11), 1634-1641 (2013).</li><li>Reiberger, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Austrian+consensus+guidelines+on+the+management+and+treatment+of+portal+hypertension+(Billroth+III).">Austrian consensus guidelines on the management and treatment of portal hypertension (Billroth III).</a> Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 129 (3), 135-158 (2017).</li><li>de Franchis, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expanding+consensus+in+portal+hypertension.">Expanding consensus in portal hypertension.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 63 (3), 743-752 (2015).</li><li>Pinter, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+sorafenib+on+the+portal+hypertensive+syndrome+in+patients+with+liver+cirrhosis+and+hepatocellular+carcinoma+-+a+pilot+study.">The effects of sorafenib on the portal hypertensive syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma - a pilot study.</a> Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics. 35 (1), 83-91 (2012).</li><li>Schwabl, P., Laleman, W. <a target="_blank" 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PP er parameteren viktigste utfallet for evaluering av portalen Hypertensiv syndromet og gjenspeiler alvorlighetsgraden av underliggende skrumplever. Både matrix avsettelse (dvs., fibrose) og sinusformet vasokonstriksjon (skyldes økt hepatic uttrykk for vasoconstrictors og redusert respons til vasodilatorer) føre til økt IHVR. Betydningen av PP og dens innvirkning på kronisk leversykdom har vært vist i flere prekliniske11,12,<sup class="...

FT defineres som pathologically økt blodtrykk i portalen venøse systemet som kan føre til alvorlige komplikasjoner i pasienter med cirrhose som variceal blødning og ascites1. Mens pre hepatisk (f.eks, portal venetrombose) og etter hepatisk (f.eksBudd-Chiari syndrom) ft sjeldne, intrahepatic ft på grunn av skrumplever representerer den vanligste årsaken til ft2.
Leveren skrumplever, er PP hovedsakelig økt som følge av opphøyet IHVR3. I avanserte stadier, ft er forverret av den økte PVBF på grunn av økt cardiac output og redusert systemisk og splanchnic vascular motstand-definere portalen Hypertensiv syndrom4. Ohms lov (ΔP = Q * R) innebærer at IHVR og blod strømmen er proporsjonal med PP5. Hos pasienter er direkte måling av PP risikabelt og ikke rutinemessig utført; i stedet, hepatic venous press gradient (HVPG) brukes som en indirekte PP6,7. HVPG beregnes ved å trekke gratis hepatic venous press (FHVP) fra det klemt fast hepatic venous presset (WHVP), som er målt bruk en ballong kateter plasseres i hepatic blodåre8. Den fysiologiske HVPG varierer mellom 1 – 5 mmHg, mens en HVPG ≥10 mmHg definerer klinisk signifikant portal hypertensjon (CSPH) og angir økt risiko for ft-relaterte komplikasjoner, som variceal blødning, ascites og hepatisk encefalopati9 . Selv om PP (dvs.HVPG) er den viktigste parameteren for ft alvorlighetsgrad, informasjon om andre komponenter av ft, inkludert alvorlighetsgraden av hyperdynamic sirkulasjon (HR, kart) er splanchnic/hvem arteriell blod flyte og IHVR, avgjørende for få et konstitusjonelt forståelse av forskjellige underliggende mekanismen ft.
Dermed, i motsetning til indirekte målinger av PP hos mennesker, introduserte metodikken for rotter tilbyr fordelen av en direkte måling av PP og gjør opptak av flere hemodynamic parametre som karakteriserer portalen Hypertensiv syndromet. I tillegg direkte måling av PP er en utmerket integrerende avlesning av leveren fibrose (en viktig determinant av IHVR) og overvinner visse begrensninger for fibrose kvantifisering relatert til leveren vev tilfeldige.
Den mest brukte gnager modeller av cirrhotic ft inkluderer kirurgisk galle duct ligatur (BDL), gift-indusert leverskade (dvs., carbon tetrachloride, thioacetamide eller dimethylnitrosamine administrasjonen) og kosthold-indusert metabolske leveren sykdom modeller. Prehepatic (ikke-cirrhotic) ft kan indusert ved delvis portalen blodåre ligatur (PPVL)10.
Små gnagere er godt egnet for metoden presentert, inkludert mus, hamstere, rotter og kaniner, og er forbundet med relativt lave vedlikeholdskostnader. Til tross for det er alle hemodynamic vurderinger er mulig å utføre i mus, bedre nøyaktighet og reproduserbarhet resultater sett med rotter eller større gnagere på grunn av den åpenbare fordelen av dyr størrelse. I tillegg for mikro-instrument og enheter å oppnå lignende hemodynamic parametere i mus. Endelig rotter er mer robust med lavere tilknyttede sykelighet og dødelighet og dermed skolegangen er sannsynligvis lavere i rotter enn i mus.
Presentert metodikken er velegnet for å evaluere spesifikke behandlinger på leversykdom (dvs., anti-fibrotiske eller anti-inflammatoriske legemidler) eller romanen farmakologiske tilnærminger som innflytelse vaskulær tone og/eller endothelial biologi; og derfor sannsynlig effekt hemodynamic parametere i ft.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LabChart 7 Pro software</td>
			<td>ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ML870 PowerLab 8/30</td>
			<td>ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Electronic multichannel recorder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MLT0380/D</td>
			<td>ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Pressure transducer (x2: for Portal Pressure and Arterial Pressure)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ML112 Quad Bridge Amplifier</td>
			<td>ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Bridge amplifier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TS420</td>
			<td>Transonic Systems Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Flowmeter module</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biological Research Apparatus 7025</td>
			<td>UGO BASILE S.R.L., Comerio, Italy</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Ventilator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vapor 2000</td>
			<td>Dr&#228;ger Medical AG &#38; Co. KG, L&#252;beck, Germany</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Isofluran Vaporizer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Perivascular probes (rat) for Transonic systems (Superior Mesenteric Artery)</td>
			<td>Transonic Systems Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA</td>
			<td>#MA1PRB</td>
			<td>Ultrasonic flow probe (1mm)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Perivascular probes (rat) for Transonic systems (Portal Vein)</td>
			<td>Transonic Systems Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA</td>
			<td>#MA2PSB</td>
			<td>Ultrasonic flow probe (2mm)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1st for intubation &#38; 2nd for clean skin incisions</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Mayo scissor [x2]</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metzenbaum scissor</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cuticle scissor</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Adson Brown tissue forceps</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Tissue Forceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High precision 45&#176; angle broad point forceps [x2]</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemostat [x4]</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Mikulicz peritoneal clamp</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Curved clamp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Dieffenbach clamp</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Micro clamp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. micro spatula with flat ends, width 4 mm,</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Micro metal spatula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>for transbuccal suture at intubation</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Needle holder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel grip</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>selfmade</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Intubation desk</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>blut, flexible and with a suitable diameter for arterial cannula and venflow</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Blunt steel wire</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>modified arterial line 20G with Flowstich</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson, Farady Road, Swindon, UK</td>
			<td>#682245</td>
			<td>Arterial line</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heating pad</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rectal temerature probe</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Saline heater</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laryngoscope (specific for animal size, e.g. rat)</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inductionbox for inhalation anesthesia</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scale (able to measure mg)</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hair clipper</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name </td>
			<td>Company </td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Consumables </td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. modified BD Venflon Pro Safety 14GA</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson Infusion Therapy, AB, SE251 06 Helsingborg, Sweden</td>
			<td>#393230</td>
			<td>Peripheral venous catheter (14G)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine-Bore Polyethylene Tubing, ID 0.58mm, OD 0.96mm, Portex,</td>
			<td>Smiths Medical International Ltd., Kent, UK</td>
			<td>#800/100/200</td>
			<td>Catheter tube (PE-50)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Omnifix-F Solo</td>
			<td>B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany</td>
			<td>#9161406V</td>
			<td>Syringe 1mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Injekt Solo</td>
			<td>B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany</td>
			<td>#4606051V</td>
			<td>Syringe 5mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Injekt Solo</td>
			<td>B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany</td>
			<td>#4606205V</td>
			<td>Syringe 20mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. BD Microlance 3, 18G - 1 1/2&#34;</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson S.A., Fraga, Spain</td>
			<td>#304622</td>
			<td>Cannula (18G)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. BD Microlance 3, 23G - 1&#34;</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson S.A., Fraga, Spain</td>
			<td>#300800</td>
			<td>Cannula (23G)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. BD Microlance 3, 30G - 1/2&#34;</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson S.A., Fraga, Spain</td>
			<td>#304000</td>
			<td>Cannula (30G) </td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Leukoplast S</td>
			<td>BSN medical GmbH, Hamburg,&#160; Germany</td>
			<td>#47619-00</td>
			<td>Adhesive tape</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Gazin RK Mullkompressen (18x8cm)</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Vienna, Austria</td>
			<td>#10972</td>
			<td>Gauze compress (small)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Gazin RK Mullkompressen (5x5cm)</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Vienna, Austria</td>
			<td>#10961</td>
			<td>Gauze compress (big)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silk Braided black, USP 4/0, EP 1.5</td>
			<td>SMI AG, St. Vith, Belgium</td>
			<td>#2021-04</td>
			<td>Suture (Silk 4/0, EP 1.5)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Mersilk, 2-0 (3 Ph. Eur.), PS-1 Prime</td>
			<td>Johnson &#38; Johnson Medical GmbH - Ethicon Deutschland, Germany</td>
			<td>#EH7552</td>
			<td>Transbuccal suture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Cottonbuds (2.2mm, 15cm)</td>
			<td>Paul Hartmann AG, Heidenheim, Germany</td>
			<td>#967936</td>
			<td>Cotton buds</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Vue Ultrasoundgel</td>
			<td>Optimum Medical Limited, UK</td>
			<td>#1157</td>
			<td>Ultrasound gel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Glubran 2</td>
			<td>Gem srl, Viareggio, Italy</td>
			<td>#G-NB2-50</td>
			<td>Tissue glue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e.g. Surgical scalpell knife Nr. 10 - carbon steel</td>
			<td>Swann-Morton, England, B.S.</td>
			<td>#202</td>
			<td>Scalpel Knife</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin, 5000 i.E./mL (Natriumheparin)</td>
			<td>Medicamentum Pharma GmbH, Allerheiligen im M&#252;rztal, Austria</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Heparin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Florane</td>
			<td>Aesica Queenborough Ltd., Queenborough, UK</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OeloVital (5g)</td>
			<td>Fresenius Kabi Austira Gmbh, Graz, Austria</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Eye gel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketasol</td>
			<td>aniMedica GmbH, Senden-B&#246;sensell, Germany</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Ketamine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rompun</td>
			<td>Bayer Austria Ges.m.b.H., Vienna, Austria</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylocain 10% Pumpspray</td>
			<td>AstraZeneca &#214;sterreich GmbH, Vienna, Austria</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Lidocaine pump spray</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dipidolor</td>
			<td>Jansen-Cilag Pharma GmbH, Vienna, Austria</td>
			<td>&#160;-</td>
			<td>Piritramide</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl 0.9% Fresenius, 1L</td>
			<td>Fresenius Kabi Austira GmbH, Graz, Austria</td>
			<td>#13LIP132</td>
			<td>Physiological saline solution</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

invasive hemodynamic characterization of the portal-hypertensive syndrome in cirrhotic rats

Dette er en detaljert protokoll som beskriver invasiv hemodynamic mål i cirrhotic rotter karakterisering av portalen Hypertensiv syndrom. Portal hypertensjon (ft) på grunn av skrumplever er ansvarlig for de mest alvorlige komplikasjonene hos pasienter med leversykdom. Hele bildet av portalen Hypertensiv syndrom er preget av økt portalen Press (PP) på grunn av økt intrahepatic vascular motstand (IHVR), hyperdynamic sirkulasjon og økt splanchnic blodstrøm. Progressiv splanchnic arteriell vasodilatasjon og økt cardiac utgang med forhøyet hjertefrekvens (HR) men arteriell lavtrykk karakteriserer portalen Hypertensiv syndromet.
Romanen terapi for tiden blir utviklet som mål å redusere PP av enten målretting IHVR eller økt splanchnic blodstrøm- men bivirkninger på systemisk hemodynamics kan oppstå. Dermed en detaljert karakterisering av portalen venøs, splanchnic og systemisk hemodynamic parametere, blant annet måling av PP, portalen venøs blodstrøm (PVBF), hvem arteriell blod flyte, mener arterieblodtrykk (kart) og HR er nødvendig for prekliniske evaluering av effekten av romanen behandlinger for ft. Vår video artikkel gir leseren en strukturert protokoll for utfører invasiv hemodynamic mål i cirrhotic rotter. Spesielt vi beskrive catheterization femoral arterien og portalen blodåre via en ileocolic stemning og måling av portalen venøs og splanchnic blodstrøm via perivascular Doppler-ultralyd flyt sonder. Representant resultatene av ulike rotte modeller av ft vises.

Avhengig av dyr modellen og alvorlighetsgraden av leversykdom er graden av ft og alvorlighetsgraden av portalen Hypertensiv syndromet forskjellige (figur 7).
BDL modellen fører biliary skrumplever på grunn av cholestasis. Følgelig PP øker over tid og en hyperdynamic sirkulasjon utvikler, sett av en økning på HR og reduksjon av kart. I cirrhotic dyr øke SMABF, PVBF og IHVR også concordantly t...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats at JoVE.com

Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats

Her beskriver vi en detaljert protokoll for invasiv målinger av hemodynamic parametere inkludert portalen press, splanchnic blodstrøm og systemisk hemodynamics for å karakterisere portalen Hypertensiv syndrom i rotter.

Invasiv Hemodynamic karakteristikk av Portal-Hypertensiv syndrom i Cirrhotic rotter

This is a detailed protocol describing invasive hemodynamic measurements in cirrhotic rats for the characterization of portal hypertensive syndrome. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

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