Name: a syngeneic pancreatic cancer mouse model to study the effects of irreversible electroporation
Uploaded: 2018-06-08T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Syngeneic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model to Study the Effects of Irreversible Electroporation at JoVE.com

Bu iş için bir işbirlikçi translasyonel araştırma bursu San Diego C3 Padres Pedal tarafından finanse edilen üzerinden (#PTC2017) neden RRW destek aldı.

Tüm hayvan deneyleri aşağıda bu iletişim kuralı ilgili kurumsal hayvan bakım ve kullanım Komitesi (IACUC) tarafından onaylanması gerekir gerçekleştirilen. Burada açıklanan tüm yordamları IACUC UCSD tarafından onaylanmıştır.
1. alıcı hayvan alımı
Not: KPC-Luc 4580 hücre kültürünü LSL Kras doğan bir tümör üzerinden kurulanG12D / +; LSI-Trp53R172H / +; PDX1Cre / +; LSI-ROSA26 Luc / + PC genetik ...

<ol>
	<li>Rahib, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Projecting+cancer+incidence+and+deaths+to+2030:+the+unexpected+burden+of+thyroid,+liver,+and+pancreas+cancers+in+the+United+States.">Projecting cancer incidence and deaths to 2030: the unexpected burden of thyroid, liver, and pancreas cancers in the United States.</a> Cancer Res. 74 (11), 2913-2921 (2014).</li><li>Howlader, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> SEER Cancer Statistic Review, 1975-2013. , (1975).</li><li>Clark, C. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamics+of+the+immune+reaction+to+pancreatic+cancer+from+inception+to+invasion.">Dynamics of the immune reaction to pancreatic cancer from inception to invasion.</a> Cancer Res. 67 (19), 9518-9527 (2007).</li><li>Lee, E. W., Loh, C. T., Kee, S. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+guided+percutaneous+irreversible+electroporation:+ultrasound+and+immunohistological+correlation.">Imaging guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation: ultrasound and immunohistological correlation.</a> Technol Cancer Res Treat. 6 (4), 287-294 (2007).</li><li>Charpentier, K. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Irreversible+electroporation+for+the+ablation+of+liver+tumors:+are+we+there+yet?.">Irreversible electroporation for the ablation of liver tumors: are we there yet?.</a> Arch Surg. 147 (11), 1053-1061 (2012).</li><li>Narayanan, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Irreversible+Electroporation.">Irreversible Electroporation.</a> Seminars in Interventional Radiology. 32 (4), 349-355 (2015).</li><li>Martin, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+of+200+locally+advanced+(stage+III)+pancreatic+adenocarcinoma+patients+with+irreversible+electroporation:+safety+and+efficacy.">Treatment of 200 locally advanced (stage III) pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients with irreversible electroporation: safety and efficacy.</a> Ann Surg. 262 (3), 486-494 (2015).</li><li>Belfiore, M. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Percutaneous+CT-guided+irreversible+electroporation+followed+by+chemotherapy+as+a+novel+neoadjuvant+protocol+in+locally+advanced+pancreatic+cancer:+Our+preliminary+experience.">Percutaneous CT-guided irreversible electroporation followed by chemotherapy as a novel neoadjuvant protocol in locally advanced pancreatic cancer: Our preliminary experience.</a> Int J Surg. 21 Suppl 1, S34-S39 (2015).</li><li>Belfiore, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concurrent+chemotherapy+alone+versus+irreversible+electroporation+followed+by+chemotherapy+on+survival+in+patients+with+locally+advanced+pancreatic+cancer.">Concurrent chemotherapy alone versus irreversible electroporation followed by chemotherapy on survival in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer.</a> Med Oncol. 34 (3), 38 (2017).</li><li>Chu, K. F., Dupuy, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thermal+ablation+of+tumours:+biological+mechanisms+and+advances+in+therapy.">Thermal ablation of tumours: biological mechanisms and advances in therapy.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 14 (3), 199-208 (2014).</li><li>Wissniowski, T. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+tumor-specific+T+lymphocytes+by+radio-frequency+ablation+of+the+VX2+hepatoma+in+rabbits.">Activation of tumor-specific T lymphocytes by radio-frequency ablation of the VX2 hepatoma in rabbits.</a> Cancer Res. 63 (19), 6496-6500 (2003).</li><li>Eros de Bethlenfalva-Hora, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radiofrequency+ablation+suppresses+distant+tumour+growth+in+a+novel+rat+model+of+multifocal+hepatocellular+carcinoma.">Radiofrequency ablation suppresses distant tumour growth in a novel rat model of multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma.</a> Clin Sci (Lond). 126 (3), 243-252 (2014).</li><li>Zerbini, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radiofrequency+thermal+ablation+for+hepatocellular+carcinoma+stimulates+autologous+NK-cell+response.">Radiofrequency thermal ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma stimulates autologous NK-cell response.</a> Gastroenterology. 138 (5), 1931-1942 (2010).</li><li>Ali, M. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+dendritic+cells+by+local+ablation+of+hepatocellular+carcinoma.">Activation of dendritic cells by local ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma.</a> J Hepatol. 43 (5), 817-822 (2005).</li><li>Fietta, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systemic+inflammatory+response+and+downmodulation+of+peripheral+CD25+Foxp3++T-regulatory+cells+in+patients+undergoing+radiofrequency+thermal+ablation+for+lung+cancer.">Systemic inflammatory response and downmodulation of peripheral CD25+Foxp3+ T-regulatory cells in patients undergoing radiofrequency thermal ablation for lung cancer.</a> Hum Immunol. 70 (7), 477-486 (2009).</li><li>Jiang, C., Davalos, R. V., Bischof, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+basic+to+clinical+studies+of+irreversible+electroporation+therapy.">A review of basic to clinical studies of irreversible electroporation therapy.</a> IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 62 (1), 4-20 (2015).</li><li>Neal, R. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+local+and+systemic+anti-tumor+efficacy+for+irreversible+electroporation+in+immunocompetent+versus+immunodeficient+mice.">Improved local and systemic anti-tumor efficacy for irreversible electroporation in immunocompetent versus immunodeficient mice.</a> PLoS One. 8 (5), e64559 (2013).</li><li>Hingorani, S. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trp53R172H+and+KrasG12D+cooperate+to+promote+chromosomal+instability+and+widely+metastatic+pancreatic+ductal+adenocarcinoma+in+mice.">Trp53R172H and KrasG12D cooperate to promote chromosomal instability and widely metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice.</a> Cancer Cell. 7 (5), 469-483 (2005).</li><li>Safran, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+reporter+strain+for+noninvasive+bioluminescent+imaging+of+cells+that+have+undergone+Cre-mediated+recombination.">Mouse reporter strain for noninvasive bioluminescent imaging of cells that have undergone Cre-mediated recombination.</a> Mol Imaging. 2 (4), 297-302 (2003).</li><li>Martin, R. C., McFarland, K., Ellis, S., Velanovich, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Irreversible+electroporation+in+locally+advanced+pancreatic+cancer:+potential+improved+overall+survival.">Irreversible electroporation in locally advanced pancreatic cancer: potential improved overall survival.</a> Ann Surg Oncol. 20 Suppl 3, S443-S449 (2013).</li><li>Neal, R. E., Garcia, P. A., Robertson, J. L., Davalos, R. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+Characterization+and+Numerical+Modeling+of+Tissue+Electrical+Conductivity+during+Pulsed+Electric+Fields+for+Irreversible+Electroporation+Treatment+Planning.">Experimental Characterization and Numerical Modeling of Tissue Electrical Conductivity during Pulsed Electric Fields for Irreversible Electroporation Treatment Planning.</a> IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 59 (4), 1076-1085 (2012).</li></ol>

Bu çalışmada, tümör büyüme IRE etkilerini incelemek için kullanılan PC için bir immün fare modeli göstermiştir. Şu anda, IRE hastalarda ameliyat öncesi terapi ay sonra uzak hastalık ilerleme olmayan sadece son derece seçili yerel olarak gelişmiş PC-termal ablasyon tekniği olarak kullanılıyor. Yerel olarak gelişmiş PC ile hastaların çoğunda uzak metastatik hastalık20geliştirmek çünkü kullanımı bu nedenle sınırlı olmuştur. Bu model çeşitli genişletilmiş teda...

Pankreas duktal adenokarsinom (PC) kanser ölüm ikinci önde gelen nedenidir ABD'de 20201etrafında olmak için tahmin edilmektedir. PC ile tanısı hastaların büyük çoğunluğu uzak metastatik hastalık2den sonunda ölecek. PC microenvironment Rootkitler immünsüpresif ve chemoresistant. Bir kıtlık efektör (anti-tümör) T hücrelerinin ve immünsupresif lökosit, tümör ilişkili makrofajlar (TAMs) dahil olmak üzere bir çıkıntı onun desmoplastic stroma içeren, myeloid türetilmiş bastırıcı (MDSCs) hücreleri ve düzenleyici T hücreleri (Tregs)3 . Bunlar microenvironment bu etkilerini multimodal stratejiler geliştirmek gerek altında yatan.
IRE tümör ablasyon termal olmayan şekli olarak geliştirilmiştir. Termal ablasyon teknikleri, aksine IRE hızlı koagülatif nekroz neden olmaz ancak bunun yerine yavaş yavaş apoptotik hücre ölüm4' te sonuç. Önemlisi pankreas tümörleri, öfke "ısı emici" etkileri için güvenlik açığından etkilenmez ve yanındaki şu5kan damarları gerçekleştirilebilir. Bu teknoloji 510(k) yetkisi FDA6 ve şu anda klinik olarak, seçilen yerel olarak gelişmiş ya da sınırda çevrimsel pankreas kanseri hastalarda kullanılıyor. En büyük yayımlanmış IRE içinde PC7için öfke geçiren hastaların ortalama yaşama yaklaşık iki katı modern kemoterapi rezeksiyon8,9yalnız ile tedavi edilen hastaların sağkalım serisidir.
Çeşitli çalışmalarda bu termal ablasyon (gözden Chu vd. diğer tümör türleri bir sistemik Bağışıklık yanıtında indükler göstermiştir 10). radyofrekans ablasyon (RFA) hayvan tümör modelleri götürmek-e doğru artan T hücre içinde infiltratlar11,12artış hepatosellüler kanser hastaları13, hücrelerde aktif doğal öldürücü (NK) de dahil olmak üzere, 14ve immünsupresif Tregs akciğer kanseri hastaları15dakika sonra bir düşüş. Çalışmaları bir çok daha az sayıda bağışıklık, microenvironmental ve yaralanma yanıt IRE16için inceledik. ÖFKE içinde ikincil (kontralateral) renal hücreli allogrefler büyüme azaltılmış veya birincil tümör IRE tarafından iki hafta engelledi immün fare modellerinde sistemik bir bağışıklık yanıtı uyarmak için gösterilen önceki17. Onlar da immün fareler immün fareler daha az voltaj tam regresyon için gerekli görülmektedir. Olan IRE termal ablasyon koagülatif nekrozu ile karşılaştırıldığında geliştirilmiş antijen sunumu neden olabilir, ama bu değil özellikle çalışılmıştır.
PC syngeneic fare modeli erkek LSL Kras geliştirilen bir tümör üzerinden türetilmiş KPC-Luc 4580 hücre satırından (hediye J.J. Yeh, University of North Carolina), geliştirdiğimizG12D / +; LSI-Trp53R172H / +; PDX1Cre / +; LSI-ROSA26 Luc / + fare IRE18,19yerel ve sistemik etkileri çalışmaya,. Bu luciferase ifade hücre kültürünü immunojenik ve ayrıca tumorigenic immün C57BL/6 fare olarak SQ veya orthotopically enjekte ve güvenilir bir şekilde dalak enjekte edildiğinde karaciğer metastaz üretir. Biz bir programlanabilir kare dalga darbe jeneratör 100 µs bakliyat elektrik voltaj/mesafe oranı 1500 V/cm (5 mm tarafından ayrılmış) iki iğneli dizi sonda veya platin cımbız-trodes SQ veya orthotopic tümörler için kullanarak sunmak için kullanılan sırasıyla, küçük bir hayvan IRE Effects'te modellemek için fareler.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="873">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">ECM 830 square wave electroporator</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:344px;">BTX # 45-0002 ( 58018-004 )</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">2 needle array electrode</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>45-0167</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Safety foot switch</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>45-0211</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Platinum Tweezer-trode</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>&#160;45-0486</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">DMEM-F12 media</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11320-033</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10437028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Trypsin</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>25200056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Matrigel</td>
			<td>Corning&#160;</td>
			<td>354230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.</td>
			<td>792632</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Lacrilube</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>19090646</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Buprenorphine</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>NC1292810</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">D-luciferrin</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td>122799</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">IVIS&#160; Spectrum In Vivo Imaging System</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td>124262</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Mouse strain C57BL/6J</td>
			<td>The Jackson Laboratory&#160;</td>
			<td>000664/Black 6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Cell line (KPC-Luc 4580)</td>
			<td colspan="2">J.J. Yeh Lab at University of North Carolina</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">BD Precisionglide syringe needles</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.</td>
			<td>Z192406</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Alcohol Swab(70% isopropyl alcohol )</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>326895</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Digital calipers</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-648-17</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Disposable Scalpels, Sterile</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>21909</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Cotton Tipped Applicators</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>89198</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Suture Needle, 45 cm, Size 6-0</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>72-3308</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Suture Needle, 45 cm, Size 4-0</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>72-3314</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Povidone-iodine 10%</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>29900-404</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Disposable Warming Pad&#160;</td>
			<td>KENT SCIENTIFIC CORP.</td>
			<td>TP-3E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse Hair Clipper</td>
			<td>KENT SCIENTIFIC CORP.</td>
			<td>CL8787</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Surgical Drape</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>59-7421</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Phosphate-buffered Saline</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10010023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a syngeneic pancreatic cancer mouse model to study the effects of irreversible electroporation

Pankreas kanseri (PC), yaklaşık 40.000 hasta her yıl ABD'de, öldüren bir hastalık başarıyla umut verici immunotherapeutic stratejileri de dahil olmak üzere çeşitli tedavi yaklaşımları yapmamış olan. Geri dönüşü olmayan Elektroporasyon (IRE) tümör hücre ölümü böylece tümörler çok yakın kan damarları içinde gerçekleştirilecek yordam etkinleştirme bitişik kolajen yapılarını imha olmadan indükler bir sigara-termal ablasyon tekniktir. Termal ablasyon teknikleri, aksine IRE kademeli apoptotik hücre ölüm, hemen ablasyon indüklenen nekroz, birlikte ve şu anda seçili yerel olarak gelişmiş PC hastalarda klinik kullanımda olan. Bir Ablatif olmayan hedef belirli yordam IRE gibi tümör microenvironment yanıtlarında sayısız tetikleyebilir. Bir kaç çalışmalar diğer tümör türleri tümör büyüme IRE etkilerini ele sahip, ama hiçbiri PC üzerinde odaklanmıştır. Hangi cilt altı (SQ) ve orthotopic tümörlerin başarıyla tedavi edilebilir bilgisayarla IRE syngeneic fare modeli son derece kontrollü bir ortamda çeşitli uzunlamasına çalışmalar sonrası yordamı kolaylaştırmak geliştirdik. Bu hayvan modeli öfke ve öfke klinik etkinliği arttırmanın yolları etkilerini incelemek için sağlam bir sistem hizmet vermektedir.

Prosedürü takip yukarıda açıklanan ve 5-6 hafta eski vahşi türü C57BL/6 fareler aşısını 1 x 106 hücreler % 50 olarak SQ tümörler oluşturulan BMM. Tümör boyutu 5-6 mm çapında ulaştığı zaman, fareyi birkaç ötenazi, onların tümörleri eksize ve orthotopically bir alıcı C57BL/6 farelerde implante. IRE gerçekleştirilen 10 gün sonrası implantasyon Şekil 1cetvelinde gösterildiği gibi oldu. IRE SQ tümörler taşıyan k...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Syngeneic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model to Study the Effects of Irreversible Electroporation at JoVE.com

A Syngeneic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model to Study the Effects of Irreversible Electroporation

Geri dönüşü olmayan Elektroporasyon etkilerini incelemek için bir Syngeneic pankreas kanseri fare modeli

Geri dönüşü olmayan Elektroporasyon (IRE) yerel olarak gelişmiş pankreas kanseri tedavisi için kullanılan bir sigara-termal ablasyon tekniği kullanıyor. Nispeten yeni bir teknik olarak, tümör büyüme IRE etkileri kötü anlaşılır. Pankreas kanseri IRE etkilerini eğitim kolaylaştırır bir syngeneic fare modeli geliştirdik.

Pancreatic cancer (PC), a disease which kills approximately 40,000 patients each year in the US, has successfully evaded several therapeutic approaches ...

The overall goal of this model is to study the effects of irreversible electroporation or IRE, on pancreatic cancer in immunocompetent mice. This model can help answer many key questions regarding the role of IRE in pancreatic cancer. Such as, how does IRE affect the local tumor microenvironment?The main advantage of this model is that it facilitate accurate tumor growth assessment in an immunocompetent system, without requiring knockout or mutant mouse models. This method can provide insight into the effects of IRE on the immune system, in an immunocompetent mouse model of pancreatic cancer. For subcutaneous tumor induction, first, shave the injection site on an anesthetized six-week old, male, C57 black six mouse, and use an alcohol swab to clean the site two times.Next, load a cold one-milliliter syringe with one to two times ten to the seven cells per milliliter and 250 microliters of basement membrane matrix. Attach a 25-gauge needle to the syringe, and load the needle with the tumor cell suspension. Press and retract the plunger a few times to remove any air bubbles.Carefully insert the needle under the skin of the injection site, at a 30 degree angle. With the needle parallel to the body, slowly inject 50 microliters of the tumor cells. After 10 seconds, slowly withdraw the needle, keeping it parallel without any sideways movement, and gently clean the injection site with an alcohol swab, before returning the mouse to its cage.When the tumor reaches five to seven millimeters, use sterile forceps and micro scissors to excise the subcutaneous tumor, under sterile conditions in a biosafety level two hood, taking care not to puncture the peritoneal cavity. Immediately wash the excised tumor, two times, in sterile PBS. And use sterile scalpels to mince the tumor into one to two cubed millimeter pieces.Then, transfer the tumor pieces into a Petri dish, containing cold, sterile DMEM basal medium on ice. To implant the tumor fragments, after confirming a lack of response to toe pinch, apply ointment to the anesthetized recipient animal's eyes, and place the mouse on its right side, so that the left side of the abdomen is exposed. Remove the abdominal hair with depilatory cream, and remove the cream with gauze.After disinfecting the exposed skin with three sequential 10%povidone plus iodine and alcohol wipes, use a sterile scalpel to make a 1.5 centimeter incision in the skin, one centimeter to the left of the midline, below the rib cage, and slightly medial to the spleen. Gently externalize the spleen with flat-tipped forceps and a sterile cotton applicator, and use the forceps to laterally retract the tail of the pancreas, at the bottom of the spleen. Using sterile forceps, grasp one finely-minced tumor piece, and pass a fine 6-O sterile suturing needle through the piece.Insert the needle containing tumor fragment into the tail of the pancreas, passing the suture slowly through the tissue. Take care to avoid contact between the tumor and the abdominal wall musculature and peritoneum, to prevent tumor seeding. When the tumor fragment has been secured, completely remove the needle from the tissue, and keep the organs completely externalized, for an additional 60 seconds, while inspecting for any signs of hemorrhage.If no bleeding is observed, use blunt forceps, or a cotton tip applicator, to gently return the spleen, pancreas, and tumor to the abdominal cavity. Before the tumor reaches six millimeters in diameter, place the anesthetized animal on its right side to allow access to the tumor, and use clippers and an alcohol swab to clean the tumor site. Using forceps, elevate the skin directly under the tumor, and insert two needle array electrodes through the skin, parallel to the body, to bracket the tumor, taking care that the electrodes do not penetrate the peritoneal cavity.Set the electroporator to deliver 100 microsecond pulses at a one hertz frequency, at 1500 volts per centimeter, for a total of 150 pulses, and use the foot pedal to deliver the pulses, separating each set of 10 pulses by 10 seconds, to allow heat dissipation between each set of pulses. As muscle twitching occurs during the IRE delivery, and is more pronounced during the initial set of pulses, ensure that the electrodes are still in the desired location, and that the animal is still sedated after each set of pulses. After no more than 200 seconds of dosing, remove the electrodes and record the actual voltage delivered, as displayed on the electroporator.Then, return the mouse to its cage. For IRE of an orthotopic tumor, eight to 10 days post tumor implantation, use blunt-nosed forceps to externalize the tumor with the forceps, and tightly capture the tumor with the platinum electrodes of the Tweezertrode, deliver the electroporation pulses, as just demonstrated, keeping the tumor externalized for the last set of pulses, for at least 60 seconds, to monitor for any signs of hemorrhage. Then, return the tumor to the abdominal cavity and close the incision, as demonstrated, monitoring the animal until it has fully recovered.In this representative experiment, subcutaneous tumors, in nearly 50%of the mice, regressed completely after 150 IRE pulses, with only minor regression after 75 pulses. Histological analysis of the tumor tissue, one week post IRE, revealed large regions of central tumor necrosis, that were not observed in control, untreated tumors, and that were flanked by live tumor tissue, in cases of incomplete tumor regression. Monitoring implanted orthotopic tumors growth rates revealed a consistent tumor growth over time in recipient animals, that could also be disrupted by IRE, demonstrating the ability of this model to simulate the effects of IRE, in an immunocompetent mouse model.Once mastered, this technique can be completed in 15 minutes per mouse, if it is performed properly. While attempting this procedure, it is important to remember to keep the tumor size within the working distance of the IRE electrodes available, as larger tumors will produce inconsistent responses due to incomplete ablation. Other treatment approaches, such as radiation or chemotherapies, can also be used to answer additional questions about whether combining treatments can improve tumor responses to IRE.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to establish subcutaneous and orthotopic pancreatic cancers in mice, and how to perform IRE on these tumors.

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Fluorescent Orthotopic Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

Pankreas Kanseri Floresan Ortotopik Fare Modeli

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the cancers for which survival has not improved substantially in the last few decades. Only 7% of diagnosed patients will ...

Kanser Araştırmaları

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Kolon-26 Karsinoma Tümör taşıyan Kanser Kaşeksi Araştırmaları Modeli Olarak Fare

Cancer cachexia is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and adipose tissue, negative nitrogen balance, anorexia, fatigue, inflammation, and ...

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies

Preklinik Tedaviler Nicel ve Boyuna Değerlendirme A sinjeneik Fare Modeli Yapmış Bir Renal Hücreli Karsinom

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) affects &#62; 60,000 people in the United States annually, and ~ 30% of RCC patients have multiple metastases at the time of ...

A Method to Define the Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Colon Microbiome Biodiversity in a Mouse Colon Tumor Model

Çevre zenginleştirme etkileri kolon Microbiome biyolojik çeşitliliğin bir fare kolon tümörü modeli tanımlamak için bir yöntem

Several recent studies have illustrated the beneficial effects of living in an enriched environment on improving human disease. In mice, environmental ...

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

Kollarındaki ve floresan Orthotopic Syngeneic fare modeli androjen bağlı ve kısırlaştırma dayanıklı prostat kanseri

Orthotopic tumor modeling is a valuable tool for pre-clinical prostate cancer research, as it has multiple advantages over both subcutaneous and ...

Immunophenotyping of Orthotopic Homograft (Syngeneic) of Murine Primary KPC Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Flow Cytometry

Immunophenotyping of Orthotopic Homograft Syngeneic of Murine Primary KPC Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Flow Cytometry

Orthotopic Homogref (Syngeneic) fare birincil KPC pankreas duktal adenokarsinom, akış sitometresi tarafından Immunophenotyping

Homograft (syngeneic) tumors are the workhorse of today&#39;s immuno-oncology (I/O) preclinical research. The tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly ...

Orthotopic Transplantation of Syngeneic Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells to Study PD-L1 Expression

Orthotopic nakli PD-L1 ifade çalışmaya Syngeneic akciğer adenokarsinom hücre

The use of mouse models is indispensable for studying the pathophysiology of various diseases. With respect to lung cancer, several models are available, ...

A Syngeneic Mouse B-Cell Lymphoma Model for Pre-Clinical Evaluation of CD19 CAR T Cells

Syngeneic fare B hücreli lenfoma manken CD19 araba T hücrelerinin önceden klinik değerlendirme için

The astonishing clinical success of CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has led to the approval of two second generation chimeric antigen ...

Ultrasound-Guided Orthotopic Implantation of Murine Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Murine Pankreatik Duktal Adenokarsinomun Ultrason Eşliğinde Ortotopik İmplantasyonu

The recent success of immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma and lung adenocarcinoma has galvanized the field of immuno-oncology as well as revealed the ...

An Orthotopic Resectional Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

Pankreas Kanserinin Ortotopik Rezeksiyonlu Fare Modeli

There is a lack of satisfactory animal models to study adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant therapy in patients being considered for surgery of pancreatic cancer ...