Name: sampling strategies and processing of biobank tissue samples from porcine biomedical models
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يشكر المؤلفون Pichl ليزا للمساعدة التقنية الممتازة.

جميع الأساليب الموصوفة هنا استخدام عينات الأنسجة المستمدة من الحيوانات الميتة، والامتثال الكامل للنظام القانوني الألماني للرفق بالحيوان.
1-فولوميتري
<ol><li>غمر تقنية لتحديد كثافة الأنسجة/الجهاز (1 الرقم و الرقم 2...

<ol>
	<li>Aigner, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transgenic+pigs+as+models+for+translational+biomedical+research.">Transgenic pigs as models for translational biomedical research.</a> J Mol. Med. 88, 653-664 (2010).</li><li>Blutke, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Munich+MIDY+Pig+Biobank:+A+unique+resource+for+studying+organ+crosstalk+in+diabetes.">The Munich MIDY Pig Biobank: A unique resource for studying organ crosstalk in diabetes.</a> Mol Metab. 6, 931-940 (2017).</li><li>Klymiuk, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dystrophin-deficient+pigs+provide+new+insights+into+the+hierarchy+of+physiological+derangements+of+dystrophic+muscle.">Dystrophin-deficient pigs provide new insights into the hierarchy of physiological derangements of dystrophic muscle.</a> Hum Mol Genet. 22, 4368-4382 (2013).</li><li>Klymiuk, N., Seeliger, F., Bohlooly, Y. M., Blutke, A., Rudmann, D. G., Wolf, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tailored+pig+models+for+preclinical+efficacy+and+safety+testing+of+targeted+therapies.">Tailored pig models for preclinical efficacy and safety testing of targeted therapies.</a> Toxicol Pathol. 44, 346-357 (2016).</li><li>Renner, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Permanent+neonatal+diabetes+in+INSC94Y+transgenic+pigs.">Permanent neonatal diabetes in INSC94Y transgenic pigs.</a> Diabetes. 62, 1505-1511 (2013).</li><li>Abbott, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inside+the+first+pig+biobank.">Inside the first pig biobank.</a> Nature. 519, 397-398 (2015).</li><li>Albl, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+sampling+guides+for+porcine+biomedical+models.">Tissue sampling guides for porcine biomedical models.</a> Toxicol Pathol. 44, 414-420 (2016).</li><li>Gundersen, H. J. G., Mirabile, R., Brown, D., Boyce, R. W., Haschek, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stereological+principles+and+sampling+procedures+for+toxicologic+pathologists.">Stereological principles and sampling procedures for toxicologic pathologists.</a> Haschek and Rousseaux's Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology. , 215-286 (2013).</li><li>Howard, C. V., Reed, M. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Unbiased Stereology: Three-Dimensional Measurement in Microscopy. , 1-277 (2005).</li><li>Mattfeldt, T., Mall, G., Gharehbaghi, H., Moller, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Estimation+of+surface+area+and+length+with+the+orientator.">Estimation of surface area and length with the orientator.</a> J Microsc. 159, 301-317 (1990).</li><li>Nyengaard, J. R., Gundersen, H. J. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+isector:+A+simple+and+direct+method+for+generating+isotropic,+uniform+random+sections+from+small+specimens.">The isector: A simple and direct method for generating isotropic, uniform random sections from small specimens.</a> J Microsc. 165, 427-431 (1992).</li><li>Tschanz, S., Schneider, J. P., Knudsen, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design-based+stereology:+Planning,+volumetry+and+sampling+are+crucial+steps+for+a+successful+study.">Design-based stereology: Planning, volumetry and sampling are crucial steps for a successful study.</a> Ann Anat. 196, 3-11 (2014).</li><li>Dorph-Petersen, K. A., Nyengaard, J. R., Gundersen, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+shrinkage+and+unbiased+stereological+estimation+of+particle+number+and+size.">Tissue shrinkage and unbiased stereological estimation of particle number and size.</a> J Microsc. 204, 232-246 (2001).</li><li>Mattfeldt, T., Doerr, W., Leonhardt, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stereologische+Methoden+in+der+Pathologie+[Stereologic+methods+in+pathology].">Stereologische Methoden in der Pathologie [Stereologic methods in pathology].</a> Normale und pathologische Anatomie. , (1990).</li><li>Gundersen, H. J., Jensen, E. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+efficiency+of+systematic+sampling+in+stereology+and+its+prediction.">The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction.</a> J Microsc. 147, 229-263 (1987).</li><li>Scherle, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+method+for+volumetry+of+organs+in+quantitative+stereology.">A simple method for volumetry of organs in quantitative stereology.</a> Mikroskopie. 26, 57-60 (1970).</li><li>Nielsen, K. K., Andersen, C. B., Kromann-Andersen, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparison+between+the+effects+of+paraffin+and+plastic+embedding+of+the+normal+and+obstructed+minipig+detrusor+muscle+using+the+optical+disector.">A comparison between the effects of paraffin and plastic embedding of the normal and obstructed minipig detrusor muscle using the optical disector.</a> J Urol. 154, 2170-2173 (1995).</li><li>Schneider, J. P., Ochs, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alterations+of+mouse+lung+tissue+dimensions+during+processing+for+morphometry:+a+comparison+of+methods.">Alterations of mouse lung tissue dimensions during processing for morphometry: a comparison of methods.</a> Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 306, L341-L350 (2014).</li><li>von Bartheld, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distribution+of+particles+in+the+z-axis+of+tissue+sections:+Relevance+for+counting+methods.">Distribution of particles in the z-axis of tissue sections: Relevance for counting methods.</a> NeuroQuantology. 10, 66-75 (2012).</li><li>Baddeley, A. J., Gundersen, H. J., Cruz-Orive, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Estimation+of+surface+area+from+vertical+sections.">Estimation of surface area from vertical sections.</a> J microsc. 142, 259-276 (1986).</li><li>Blutke, A., Schneider, M. R., Wolf, E., Wanke, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Growth+hormone+(GH)-transgenic+insulin-like+growth+factor+1+(IGF1)-deficient+mice+allow+dissociation+of+excess+GH+and+IGF1+effects+on+glomerular+and+tubular+growth.">Growth hormone (GH)-transgenic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)-deficient mice allow dissociation of excess GH and IGF1 effects on glomerular and tubular growth.</a> Physiol Rep. 4, e12709 (2016).</li><li>Hermanns, W., Liebig, K., Schulz, L. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postembedding+immunohistochemical+demonstration+of+antigen+in+experimental+polyarthritis+using+plastic+embedded+whole+joints.">Postembedding immunohistochemical demonstration of antigen in experimental polyarthritis using plastic embedded whole joints.</a> Histochemistry. 73, 439-446 (1981).</li><li>Böck, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Romeis Mikroskopische Technik. , 1-697 (1989).</li><li>Suvarna, K. S., Layton, C., Bancroft, J. D., Suvarna, K. S., Layton, C., Bancroft, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Bancroft's theory and practice of histological techniques. , 1-654 (2013).</li><li>Knust, J., Ochs, M., Gundersen, H. J., Nyengaard, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stereological+estimates+of+alveolar+number+and+size+and+capillary+length+and+surface+area+in+mice+lungs.">Stereological estimates of alveolar number and size and capillary length and surface area in mice lungs.</a> Anat Rec (Hoboken). 292, 113-122 (2009).</li><li>Nyengaard, J. R., Gundersen, H. J. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sampling+for+stereology+in+lungs.">Sampling for stereology in lungs.</a> Eur Respir Rev. 15, 107-114 (2006).</li><li>Junatas, K. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stereological+analysis+of+size+and+density+of+hepatocytes+in+the+porcine+liver.">Stereological analysis of size and density of hepatocytes in the porcine liver.</a> J Anat. 230, 575-588 (2017).</li></ol>

جيل من المصرف البيولوجي عينة مجموعات من النماذج الحيوانية النقانق يتطلب تقنيات قوية والبروتوكولات لتحديد حجم الجهاز/الأنسجة، جيل استنساخه من الممثل، عينات الأنسجة الزائدة مناسبة لمجموعة واسعة نطاق من أساليب تحليل مختلفة، التعشيه التوجه لأقسام عينة للتحاليل الكمية ستيريولوجيكال. الأس?...

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Agar</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH, Germany</td>
			<td>Agar (powder), Cat.: 5210.3</td>
			<td>Dissolve approximately 1 g of agar in 10 ml cold water in a glass or plastic beaker, heat in microwave-oven at 700 W, boil the solution twice with rigorous stirring. Cast into mold while still warm and let solidify. Caution: While handling with hot liquid agar, wear protective goggles and gloves.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Caliper</td>
			<td>Hornbach Baumarkt GmbH, Bornheim, Germany</td>
			<td>Schieblehre Chrom/Vernickelt 120 mm Cat.: 3664902</td>
			<td>Any kind of caliper (mechanical or electronic) will do as well.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Casting molds (metal)</td>
			<td>Engelbrecht Medizin &#38; Labortechnik, Ederm&#252;nde, Germany</td>
			<td>Einbettsch&#228;lchen aus Edelstahl, 14 x 24 x 5 mm, Cat.: 14302b</td>
			<td>Any other kind of metal casting mold used for paraffin-embedding will do as well.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Copy templates of cross grids (5mm - 6 cm)</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>Copy templates of cross grids (5mm - 6 cm) are provided in the supplemental data file of Albl et al.&#160; Toxicol Pathol. 44, 414-420, doi: 10.1177/0192623316631023 (2016)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Copy templates of equiangular and cosine-weighted circles</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>Copy templates of equiangular and cosine-weighted circles are provided in Nyengaard &#38; Gundersen. Eur Respir Rev. 15, 107-114, doi: 10.1183/09059180.00010101 (2006) and in Gundersen et al. Stereological Principles and Sampling Procedures for Toxicologic Pathologists. In: Haschek and Rousseaux&#180;s Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology. 3rd ed, 215-286, ISBN: 9780124157590 (2013).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Foldback clamps (YIHAI binder clips, 15 mm and 19 mm)</td>
			<td>Ningbo Tianhong Stationery Co ltd., China</td>
			<td>Y10006 and Y10005</td>
			<td>Any other type of standard office foldback clamps will do as well.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps (anatomical)</td>
			<td>NeoLab Migge GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>neoLab Standard -Pinzette 130 mm, anatomisch, rund, Cat.: 1-1811</td>
			<td>Any type of anatomical forceps will do.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formaldehyde-solution 4%</td>
			<td>SAV-Liquid Produktion GmbH, Flintsbach, Germany</td>
			<td>Formaldehyd 37/40 %, Cat.: 1000411525005</td>
			<td>Dilute to 4% from concentrated solution. Buffer to neutral pH. Wear appropriate eye-, hand- and respiratory protection. Process tissue samples fixed in formaldehyde solution under an exhaust hood and wear protective goggles and laboratory gloves.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graph paper (for calibration)</td>
			<td>B&#252;romarkt B&#246;ttcher AG, Jena, Germany. www.bueromarkt-ag.de</td>
			<td>Penig Millimeterpapier A4, Cat.: 2514</td>
			<td>Any type of graph paper (scaled in millimeter) will do.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laboratory beakers (5ml, 10 ml, 50 ml, 100 ml)</td>
			<td>NeoLab Migge GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>Becherglas SIMAX&#174; , niedrige Form, Borosilikatglas 3.3 Cat.: E-1031, E-1032, E-1035, E-1036</td>
			<td>Any kind of glass- or plastic beakers of 5 &#8211; 100 ml volume will do.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laboratory scale(s)</td>
			<td>Mettler Toledo GmbH, Gie&#223;en, Germany</td>
			<td>PM6000</td>
			<td rowspan="2">Any standard laboratory scales with measuring ranges between 0.1 mg to approximately 20 g, respectively between 100 mg to approximately 500 g will do</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td>Sartorius AG, G&#246;ttingen, Germany</td>
			<td>BP61S</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microtome blades</td>
			<td>Engelbrecht Medizin &#38; Labortechnik, Ederm&#252;nde, Germany</td>
			<td>FEATHER Microtome blasdes S35, Cat.:14700</td>
			<td>Any kind of single-use microtome blades will do.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="2">Morphometry/planimetry software/system</td>
			<td>National Institute of Health (NIH)</td>
			<td>ImageJ</td>
			<td>Download from https://www. imagej.nih.gov/ij/ (1997).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zeiss-Kontron, Eching, Germany</td>
			<td>VideoplanTM image analysis system</td>
			<td>Out of stock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Photo camera</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>D40</td>
			<td>Any kind of digital photocamera that can be mounted to a tripod&#160; will do.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plastic transparencies</td>
			<td>Avery Zweckform GmbH, Oberlaindern, Germany</td>
			<td>Laser Overhead-Folie DINA4 Cat.:&#160; 3562</td>
			<td>Any (laser)-printable plastic transparency will do.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Random number tables</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>Random number tables can conveniently be generated (with defined numbers of random numbers and within defined intervals), using random number generators, such as: https://www.random.org/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Razor blades</td>
			<td>Plano GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany</td>
			<td>T5016</td>
			<td>Any kind of razor blades will do.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ruler</td>
			<td>B&#252;romarkt B&#246;ttcher AG, Jena, Germany. www.bueromarkt-ag.de</td>
			<td>Office-Point Lineal 30 cm, Kunststoff, transparent, Cat.: ln30</td>
			<td>Any kind of cm-mm-scaled ruler will do as well.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Saline (0.9%)</td>
			<td>Carl Roth GmbH, Germany</td>
			<td>Natriumchlorid, &#62;99% Cat.: 0601.1</td>
			<td>To prepare 0.9% saline, dissolve 9 g NaCl in 1000 ml of distilled water at 20&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel blades</td>
			<td>Aesculap AG &#38; Co KG, Tuttlingen, Germany</td>
			<td>BRAUN Surgical blades N&#176;22</td>
			<td>Any kind of scalpel blades will do.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scanner</td>
			<td>Hewlett-Packard</td>
			<td>hp scanjet 7400c</td>
			<td>Any type of standard office scanner capable of scanning with resolutions from 150-600 dpi will do.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Slicing devices</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>Examples forself constructed slicing devices can be found in Knust, et al. Anatomical record. 292, 113-122, doi: 10.1002/ar.20747 (2009) and in the supplemental data file of Albl et al.&#160; Toxicol Pathol. 44, 414-420, doi: 10.1177/0192623316631023 (2016).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spherical casting molds (e.g., in 25.5 mm diameter)</td>
			<td>Pralinen-Zutaten.de, Windach, Germany</td>
			<td>Pralinen-Hohlkugeln Vollmilch, 25.5 mm</td>
			<td>Spherical casting molds can as well be be self-constructed, or obtained from other confectioner suppliers (for for pralines). The casting molds indicated here are actually the package/wrapping of hollow pralines bodies (first eat the pralines and then use the package for generation of i-sector sections)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thin wire</td>
			<td>Basteln &#38; Hobby Schobes, Stra&#223;furth, Germany. www,bastel-welt.de</td>
			<td>Messingdraht (0.3 mm) Cat.: 216464742</td>
			<td>Any other kind of thin wire will also do.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue paper</td>
			<td>NeoLab Migge GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>Declcate Task Wipes-White, Cat.: 1-5305</td>
			<td>Any other kind of laboratory tissue paper will do as well.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Waterproof pen</td>
			<td>Staedler Mars GmbH &#38; Co KG, N&#252;rnberg, Grmany</td>
			<td>Lumocolor permanent 313, 0.4 mm, S, black, Cat.: 313-2</td>
			<td>Any other kind of waterproof pen will do as well.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

sampling strategies and processing of biobank tissue samples from porcine biomedical models

في البحوث الطبية متعدية الجنسيات، أصبحت نماذج الخنزير اطراد أكثر شعبية. النظر في القيمة العالية للحيوانات الفردية، ولا سيما من الخنازير المعدلة وراثيا نماذج، وعدد الحيوانات المتوفرة لهذه النماذج محدودة غالباً، إنشاء مجموعات المصرف (البيولوجي) لعينات الأنسجة المجهزة على نحو كاف يناسب طائفة واسعة من أساليب التحاليل اللاحقة، بما في ذلك التحليلات غير محدد في النقطة الزمنية لأخذ العينات، تمثل النهج ذات مغزى الاستفادة الكاملة من قيمة متعدية للنموذج. فيما يتعلق بالخصائص المميزة للتشريح الخنزير، أنشئت مؤخرا مبادئ توجيهية شاملة لجيل موحدة للممثل، ونماذج عالية الجودة من الخنزير وأنسجة مختلفة. هذه المبادئ التوجيهية شرطان أساسيان لإمكانية تكرار نتائج النتائج وقابليتها للمقارنة بين مختلف الدراسات والمحققين. تسجيل البيانات الأساسية، مثل الأوزان الجهاز ووحدات التخزين، وتحديد مواقع أخذ العينات، وإعداد عينات الأنسجة إلى يتم إنشاؤها، فضلا عن التوجه، وحجمها وتجهيز واتجاهات التشذيب، هي من العوامل ذات الصلة تحديد جينيراليزابيليتي وقابليتها للاستخدام من العينة للتحليلات المورفولوجية الجزيئية والنوعي والكمي. هنا، مظاهرة توضيحية، عمليا، خطوة بخطوة التقنيات الأكثر أهمية لجيل ممثل، عينة المصرف البيولوجي متعددة الأغراض من أنسجة الخنزير ويرد. الأساليب الموصوفة هنا تشمل تحديد حجم الجهاز/الأنسجة والكثافة، تطبيق إجراء المرجحة حجم عينة عشوائية منتظمة لأجهزة متني بتحديد مدى تقلص الأنسجة عد نقطة، تتصل بتضمين النسيجي من العينات، وتوليد العينات عشوائياً موجها لتحليلات ستيريولوجيكال الكمية، مثل الخواص موحدة عشوائي (أيار) المقاطع الناجمة عن أساليب "أورينتاتور" و "إيسيكتور"، والزي العمودي عشوائي (فور) المقاطع.

تقنية غمر لتحديد كثافة الأنسجة/الجهاز
رقم 12A ب- يظهر تصميم الممثل كثافة وحجم الكلي الخنزير باستخدام تقنية غمر هو موضح في الخطوة 1، 1 (الشكل 1و الشكل 2). وترد نتائج أكثر تمثيلاً لقياسات ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Sampling Strategies and Processing of Biobank Tissue Samples from Porcine Biomedical Models at JoVE.com

Sampling Strategies and Processing of Biobank Tissue Samples from Porcine Biomedical Models

استراتيجيات أخذ العينات وتجهيزها لعينات الأنسجة المصرف البيولوجي من النماذج الطبية الخنزير

هي أثبت التطبيق العملي والأداء لطرق لتوليد عينات الأنسجة التمثيلية من نماذج حيوانية الخنزير لمجموعة واسعة من التحليلات المصب في مشاريع المصرف البيولوجي، بما في ذلك فولوميتري، عينة عشوائية منتظمة، وتجهيز فرق لعينات الأنسجة لأنواع التحليلات الجزيئية والسمات النوعية والكمية.

In translational medical research, porcine models have steadily become more popular. Considering the high value of individual animals, particularly of ...

This video demonstrates two key techniques for sampling and processing biobank porcine tissue specimens. The submersion technique reliably estimates total organ and tissue volume and the orientator technique generates random isotropic tissue sections for unbiased estimation of quantitative morphological parameters. The main advantage of the submersion technique for tissue density determination is that it can be applied to any kind of tissue and that it produces reliable results for small as well as for large samples.The advantages of the orientator technique are that it is highly efficient and also works with large tissue samples. To begin volumetry for a large organ excise an appropriately sized piece of tissue from the organ. Carefully swab the sample with a paper towel to remove excess blood and tissue fluid.Then weigh the sample on a precision scale and record the weight of the sample. Add 0.9%saline to a beaker of suitable size. Do not completely fill the beaker to prevent overflow during tissue emersion.Place the beaker on the scale then submerge a forceps or a self-constructed sample holder in the saline until the mark on the forceps or sample holder reaches the liquid. Next, reset the display of the scale to zero. Carefully attach the tissue sample to the forceps or sample holder and completely submerge the sample in the saline until the marked position is reached.To record reliable density measurements it is important to ensure that the sample is completely submerged and to avoid any contact of the submerged sample to the inner walls or the bottom of the beaker. While holding the sample in position, record the weight displayed on the scale. Use this measurement and the density of saline at room temperature to calculate the volume of the sample.Then calculate the density of the tissue sample from the weight of the sample and its volume. For large organs and tissues, such as this kidney, perform repeated measurements with multiple samples and calculate the average density from the single measurements. For small samples and small organs measured in total such as the pituitary gland, repeat the measurement three times before calculating the average organ density from the single measurement values.Finally, calculate the total volume of the organ, tissue or organ compartment from its weight and density. Place a fixed tissue specimen on a print of an equiangular circle with one edge parallel to the zero to 180 degree direction. Then use a random number table to determine a random angle.Find the corresponding marks on the scale of the equiangular circle. Using these marks, cut a section through the sample with the section plane oriented parallel to the direction of the random angle indicated on the scale of the equiangular circle and a vertical to the resting surface of the sample. Place the tissue block with the section surface facing down on a cosine weighted circle.With the edge of the resting surface placed parallel to the one-to-one direction. Now cut a new section through the sample at a random angle determined using the random number table. The resulting section plane is an isotropic uniform random section.This table shows the representative densities of several porcine tissues and organs determined using the submersion technique. Most porcine tissues display density values slightly higher than one referring to the density of water. Whereas tissues swimming in saline, such as adipose tissue for example, display densities lower than one.This figure shows four representative IUR sections of porcine left ventricular myocardium prepared with the orientator technique. Note the changed cutting angles in the different IUR sections. Once mastered, the submersion technique for tissue density determination can be done in a few minutes.If it is performed properly. Isotropic uniform random tissue sections generated with the orientator technique are suitable for estimation of any quantitative morphological parameters using appropriate stereological analysis methods. digital music.

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Generation of Alginate Microspheres for Biomedical Applications

جيل من المجهرية الجيني للتطبيقات الطبية الحيوية

Alginate-based materials have received considerable attention for biomedical applications because of their hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility, and ...

How to Measure Cortical Folding from MR Images: a Step-by-Step Tutorial to Compute Local Gyrification Index

كيفية قياس الطي القشرية من صور MR : برنامج تعليمي خطوة بخطوة لحساب الرقم القياسي المحلي Gyrification

Cortical folding (gyrification) is determined during the first months of life, so that adverse events occurring during this period leave traces that will ...

Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting

تجهيز الدماغ الأولية للفحوصات الأنسجة السرطانية والخلايا الجذعية تدفق الفرز

Brain tumors are typically comprised of morphologically diverse cells that express a variety of neural lineage markers. Only a relatively small fraction ...

The Bovine Lung in Biomedical Research: Visually Guided Bronchoscopy, Intrabronchial Inoculation and In Vivo Sampling Techniques

The Bovine Lung in Biomedical Research: Visually Guided Bronchoscopy, Intrabronchial Inoculation and In Vivo Sampling Techniques

والبقري الرئة في البحوث الطبية الحيوية: إذ تسترشد بصريا القصبات، داخل القصبة التلقيح و<em&gt; في فيفو</em&gt; تقنيات أخذ العينات

There is an ongoing search for alternative animal models in research of respiratory medicine. Depending on the goal of the research, large animals as ...

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

امتصاص السوائل الآنف والشعب الهوائية: دقة أخذ العينات البشرية الغشاء المخاطي للجهاز التنفسي وتجهيز مختبر عينات

The methods of nasal absorption (NA) and bronchial absorption (BA) use synthetic absorptive matrices (SAM) to absorb the mucosal lining fluid (MLF) of the ...

Improvement of a Closed Chest Porcine Myocardial Infarction Model by Standardization of Tissue and Blood Sampling Procedures

تحسين نموذج احتشاء عضلة القلب الخنزير الصدر مغلقة بتوحيد إجراءات أخذ عينات الدم والأنسجة

Myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury contributes to almost half of the necrotic area after myocardial infarction. To date there is no approved ...

Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Sampling Using a Mini-Liposuction Technique

أخذ عينات من الأنسجة الدهنية البشرية تحت الجلد باستخدام تقنية شفط الدهون المصغرة

Studies on adipose tissue are useful in understanding metabolic and other conditions. Human subcutaneous adipose tissue is accessible. With appropriate ...

Repetitive Blood Sampling from the Subclavian Vein of Conscious Rat

أخذ عينات الدم المتكررة من الوريد تحت الترقوة للفأر الواعي

Rats are widely used in pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicokinetic (TK) studies that need to collect a certain amount of blood at specific time points to ...

Dissection Techniques and Histological Sampling of the Heart in Large Animal Models for Cardiovascular Diseases

تقنيات التشريح وأخذ العينات النسيجية للقلب في النماذج الحيوانية الكبيرة لأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية

The standard gross examination and sampling are key elements in the reproducibility and success of experimental studies of cardiovascular diseases carried ...

استخراج الحمض النووي للدياتوم الاقتصادي باستخدام مجموعة معدلة

Extraction of Diatom DNA from Water Samples and Tissues

تسليط الضوء على المؤلف: اختبار المشطورة لفحص الغرق الشرعي 

استخراج الحمض النووي للدياتوم من عينات المياه والأنسجة

Diatom testing is an essential auxiliary means in forensic practice to determine whether the corpse drowned in water and to infer the drowning location. ...