Name: isolation and in vitro culture of murine and human alveolar macrophages
Uploaded: 2018-04-20T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages at JoVE.com

Vi takker Clare Prendergast for hjelp med redigering manuskriptet. DKN støttes av en research grant (#2095) fra Flinn grunnlaget og TM støttes av tilskudd fra National Institutes of Health (R01HL056643 og R01HL092514). DKN utviklet metoder, utformet studien og skrev manuskriptet; OM assistert dyrestudier og klinisk prøve innkjøp; SB assistert med flyt cytometric analyse og celle sortering; TM overvåket studiene og vurdert manuskriptet.

Alle metodene som er beskrevet her er godkjent av den institusjonelle Animal Care og bruk Committee (IACUC) og institusjonelle Review Board (IRB) på St Joseph's Hospital og Medical Center.
1. isolering av AMs fra Murine Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) væske
<ol><li>Anaesthetize en åtte uke gamle C57BL/6 musen med ketamin (87,5 mg/kg kroppsvekt) og xylazine (12.5 mg/kg kroppsvekt) cocktail via en intraperitoneal injeksjon. Fortsette når musen oppnår kirurgisk anestesi med tap av reflekser o...

<ol>
	<li>Westphalen, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sessile+alveolar+macrophages+communicate+with+alveolar+epithelium+to+modulate+immunity.">Sessile alveolar macrophages communicate with alveolar epithelium to modulate immunity.</a> Nature. 506 (7489), 503-506 (2014).</li><li>Guilliams, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alveolar+macrophages+develop+from+fetal+monocytes+that+differentiate+into+long-lived+cells+in+the+first+week+of+life+via+GM-CSF.">Alveolar macrophages develop from fetal monocytes that differentiate into long-lived cells in the first week of life via GM-CSF.</a> J Exp Med. 210 (10), 1977-1992 (2013).</li><li>Cardani, A., Boulton, A., Kim, T. S., Braciale, T. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alveolar+macrophages+prevent+lethal+influenza+pneumonia+by+inhibiting+infection+of+type-1+alveolar+epithelial+cells.">Alveolar macrophages prevent lethal influenza pneumonia by inhibiting infection of type-1 alveolar epithelial cells.</a> PLoS Pathog. 13 (1), e1006140 (2017).</li><li>Ghoneim, H. E., Thomas, P. G., McCullers, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Depletion+of+alveolar+macrophages+during+influenza+infection+facilitates+bacterial+superinfections.">Depletion of alveolar macrophages during influenza infection facilitates bacterial superinfections.</a> J Immunol. 191 (3), 1250-1259 (2013).</li><li>MacLean, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequestration+of+inhaled+particulate+antigens+by+lung+phagocytes.+A+mechanism+for+the+effective+inhibition+of+pulmonary+cell-mediated+immunity.">Sequestration of inhaled particulate antigens by lung phagocytes. A mechanism for the effective inhibition of pulmonary cell-mediated immunity.</a> Am J Pathol. 148 (2), 657-666 (1996).</li><li>Nakamura, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Depletion+of+alveolar+macrophages+by+clodronate-liposomes+aggravates+ischemia-reperfusion+injury+of+the+lung.">Depletion of alveolar macrophages by clodronate-liposomes aggravates ischemia-reperfusion injury of the lung.</a> J Heart Lung Transplant. 24 (1), 38-45 (2005).</li><li>Schneider, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alveolar+macrophages+are+essential+for+protection+from+respiratory+failure+and+associated+morbidity+following+influenza+virus+infection.">Alveolar macrophages are essential for protection from respiratory failure and associated morbidity following influenza virus infection.</a> PLoS Pathog. 10 (4), e1004053 (2014).</li><li>Pribul, P. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alveolar+macrophages+are+a+major+determinant+of+early+responses+to+viral+lung+infection+but+do+not+influence+subsequent+disease+development.">Alveolar macrophages are a major determinant of early responses to viral lung infection but do not influence subsequent disease development.</a> J Virol. 82 (9), 4441-4448 (2008).</li><li>Macdonald, D. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Harnessing+alveolar+macrophages+for+sustained+mucosal+T-cell+recall+confers+long-term+protection+to+mice+against+lethal+influenza+challenge+without+clinical+disease.">Harnessing alveolar macrophages for sustained mucosal T-cell recall confers long-term protection to mice against lethal influenza challenge without clinical disease.</a> Mucosal Immunol. 7 (1), 89-100 (2014).</li><li>Benoit, A., Huang, Y., Proctor, J., Rowden, G., Anderson, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+alveolar+macrophage+depletion+on+liposomal+vaccine+protection+against+respiratory+syncytial+virus+(RSV).">Effects of alveolar macrophage depletion on liposomal vaccine protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).</a> Clin Exp Immunol. 145 (1), 147-154 (2006).</li><li>Nayak, D. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+persistence+of+donor+alveolar+macrophages+in+human+lung+transplant+recipients+that+influences+donor+specific+immune+responses.">Long-term persistence of donor alveolar macrophages in human lung transplant recipients that influences donor specific immune responses.</a> Am J Transplant. 16 (8), 2300-2311 (2016).</li><li>Sekine, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+passenger+leukocytes+in+allograft+rejection:+effect+of+depletion+of+donor+alveolar+macrophages+on+the+local+production+of+TNF-alpha,+T+helper+1/T+helper+2+cytokines,+IgG+subclasses,+and+pathology+in+a+rat+model+of+lung+transplantation.">Role of passenger leukocytes in allograft rejection: effect of depletion of donor alveolar macrophages on the local production of TNF-alpha, T helper 1/T helper 2 cytokines, IgG subclasses, and pathology in a rat model of lung transplantation.</a> J Immunol. 159 (8), 4084-4093 (1997).</li><li>Borie, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulmonary+alveolar+proteinosis.">Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.</a> Eur Respir Rev. 20 (120), 98-107 (2011).</li><li>Greenhill, S. R., Kotton, D. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulmonary+alveolar+proteinosis:+a+bench-to-bedside+story+of+granulocyte-macrophage+colony-stimulating+factor+dysfunction.">Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a bench-to-bedside story of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor dysfunction.</a> Chest. 136 (2), 571-577 (2009).</li><li>Happle, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulmonary+transplantation+of+macrophage+progenitors+as+effective+and+long-lasting+therapy+for+hereditary+pulmonary+alveolar+proteinosis.">Pulmonary transplantation of macrophage progenitors as effective and long-lasting therapy for hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.</a> Sci Transl Med. 6 (250), 250ra113 (2014).</li><li>Suzuki, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulmonary+macrophage+transplantation+therapy.">Pulmonary macrophage transplantation therapy.</a> Nature. 514 (7523), 450-454 (2014).</li><li>Hashimoto, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-resident+macrophages+self-maintain+locally+throughout+adult+life+with+minimal+contribution+from+circulating+monocytes.">Tissue-resident macrophages self-maintain locally throughout adult life with minimal contribution from circulating monocytes.</a> Immunity. 38 (4), 792-804 (2013).</li><li>Murphy, J., Summer, R., Wilson, A. A., Kotton, D. N., Fine, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+prolonged+life-span+of+alveolar+macrophages.">The prolonged life-span of alveolar macrophages.</a> Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 38 (4), 380-385 (2008).</li><li>Maus, U. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resident+alveolar+macrophages+are+replaced+by+recruited+monocytes+in+response+to+endotoxin-induced+lung+inflammation.">Resident alveolar macrophages are replaced by recruited monocytes in response to endotoxin-induced lung inflammation.</a> Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 35 (2), 227-235 (2006).</li><li>Perdiguero, G. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-resident+macrophages+originate+from+yolk-sac-derived+erythro-myeloid+progenitors.">Tissue-resident macrophages originate from yolk-sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors.</a> Nature. 518 (7540), 547-551 (2015).</li><li>Bitterman, P. B., Saltzman, L. E., Adelberg, S., Ferrans, V. J., Crystal, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alveolar+macrophage+replication.+One+mechanism+for+the+expansion+of+the+mononuclear+phagocyte+population+in+the+chronically+inflamed+lung.">Alveolar macrophage replication. One mechanism for the expansion of the mononuclear phagocyte population in the chronically inflamed lung.</a> J Clin Invest. 74 (2), 460-469 (1984).</li><li>Misharin, A. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monocyte-derived+alveolar+macrophages+drive+lung+fibrosis+and+persist+in+the+lung+over+the+life+span.">Monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages drive lung fibrosis and persist in the lung over the life span.</a> J Exp Med. , (2017).</li><li>Zheng, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Donor+pulmonary+intravascular+nonclassical+monocytes+recruit+recipient+neutrophils+and+mediate+primary+lung+allograft+dysfunction.">Donor pulmonary intravascular nonclassical monocytes recruit recipient neutrophils and mediate primary lung allograft dysfunction.</a> Sci Transl Med. 9 (394), (2017).</li><li>Nayak, D. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zbtb7a+induction+in+alveolar+macrophages+is+implicated+in+anti-HLA-mediated+lung+allograft+rejection.">Zbtb7a induction in alveolar macrophages is implicated in anti-HLA-mediated lung allograft rejection.</a> Sci Transl Med. 9 (398), (2017).</li><li>Misharin, A. V., Morales-Nebreda, L., Mutlu, G. M., Budinger, G. R., Perlman, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+cytometric+analysis+of+macrophages+and+dendritic+cell+subsets+in+the+mouse+lung.">Flow cytometric analysis of macrophages and dendritic cell subsets in the mouse lung.</a> Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 49 (4), 503-510 (2013).</li><li>Kopf, M., Schneider, C., Nobs, S. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+development+and+function+of+lung-resident+macrophages+and+dendritic+cells.">The development and function of lung-resident macrophages and dendritic cells.</a> Nat Immunol. 16 (1), 36-44 (2015).</li><li>Eguiluz-Gracia, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+persistence+of+human+donor+alveolar+macrophages+in+lung+transplant+recipients.">Long-term persistence of human donor alveolar macrophages in lung transplant recipients.</a> Thorax. 71 (11), 1006-1011 (2016).</li><li>Yu, Y. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+cytometric+analysis+of+myeloid+cells+in+human+blood,+bronchoalveolar+lavage,+and+lung+tissues.">Flow cytometric analysis of myeloid cells in human blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung tissues.</a> Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. , (2015).</li></ol>

AMs er lang-levende lunge-resident makrofager som fyller lungene begynner ved fødselen og varig over hele livet tidsrommet26. Deres roller i lunge fysiologi7 og patologi12 og deres potensial å spå lunge autoimmunitet24 har blitt anerkjent. Fordi AMs har en langsiktig tilstedeværelse i lungene11,27 og fordi de er involvert i aktivering og progresjon av immunreaksjon...

Lunge-microenvironment er et unikt komplekst økosystem med forseggjort luft kanal og blodkar. Inhalert luft reiser gjennom luftrøret og mange grener av bronchi og bronchioles før han nådde alveoler, der blod-luft gassutveksling oppstår. På grunn av direkte interaksjon med atmosfæren krever åndedretts overflaten beskyttelse fra de skadelige effektene av luftbårne partikler og forurensning. En rekke fysiske, kjemiske og immunologiske barrierer beskytte lungene. Spesielt, serverer distribusjon av phagocytes på luftveiene overflaten en viktig første linje forsvar. Alveolar makrofager (AMs) er en type lunge-resident phagocytes, og de utgjør majoriteten av lunge macrophage bassenget. Som navnet antyder, AMs er hovedsakelig lokalisert til den alveolar lumen og oppstår fastsittende celler som stadig prøve ambient atmosphere og kommunisere med alveolar epitel1. I steady state lungene er mer enn 95% av phagocytes inn alveolar AMs2, der sammensetningen kan endre på grunn av betennelse, infeksjon eller kronisk eksponering for forurensing.
AMs delta i et bredt spekter av funksjoner som kan være lokale til lungene og/eller systemisk betydning. For eksempel er AMs viktig i utviklingen og optimal funksjon av lungene; immun overvåking; og klarering av mobilnettet rusk, invaderende patogener og innånding partikler,3,,4,,5,,6,,7. Målrettet uttømming av AMs er kjent for å svekke klarering av respiratoriske virus og bakterier4,8. Foruten sin rolle som phagocytes og en første-linje forsvarere av lunge homeostase, AMs er kjent for å fungere som antigen presentere celler i fremlokkende T celle immunitet9, potentiating effekt intranasal vaksine10 og påvirke lunge-begrenset autoimmunitet etter lunge transplantasjon11,12. Mangel på AM funksjonen har vært knyttet til lunge alveolar proteinosis (PAP), en tilstand som følge av en genetisk mutasjon, kreft eller infeksjon som svekker klaring lunge tensider13,14. Transplantasjon av AMs blir nå undersøkt som et terapeutisk tilnærming til behandling av PAP 15,16.
AMs er kjent kommer under embryogenesis og å vedvare i lungene hele livet uten av sirkulerende leukocytter2,17. Selv om AM omsetning er undetectable i homøostatisk lungene, er varierende grad av AM omsetning rapportert i enkelte kliniske inkludert smitte av influensa virus4, myeloablative bestråling18, eksponering for endotoxin 19og alderdom20. AMs antas å selvstendig fornye via en lav kvalitet spredning17,21, men enkelte studier hevder at monocytter kan gi opphav til en befolkning på intravascular lunge makrofager22,23 under eksperimentelle forhold, men funksjonaliteten til disse nylig konverterte lunge makrofager har ennå å bli definert lungesykdommer. Videre forstå terskelen til stimulans i sammenheng med AM aktivisering er et potensielt interessant område, som lungene prøver å beholde en likevekt mellom inflammatorisk signaler og immunoregulatory maskiner.
De fysiologiske eller patologisk endringene som fører til tap av immun regulering er viktig å vurdere i forskjellige kliniske innstillinger (f.eks luftveisinfeksjoner, inflammatorisk lungesykdom og fibrotiske lungesykdom). Likevel blir AMs stadig mer anerkjent som indikatorer eller selv determinanter av lunge helse11,24. Det er foreløpig ingen enhetlig protokoller tilgjengelig for høsting, karakteriserer eller opprettholde AMs fra mennesker og prekliniske murine modeller. Mangelen på en konsensus om AM prekursorer og fenotyper og fravær av en detaljert metodikk hadde vært store veisperring i tyde roller av AM i lunge helse og sykdom. Følgende protokollen tilbyr en definitiv identifikasjon, isolasjon og i vitro kultur strategi som vil sterkt fremme forståelsen av AM atferd og lette AM målrettede diagnostiske og terapeutiske studier.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="910">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Non-enzymatic cell dissociating solution</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Millipore-Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">C5789</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Puralube Vet Ointment</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Dechra</td>
			<td>620300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">22G Catheter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Terumo Medical Products</td>
			<td>SR-OX2225CA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">4-0 Non-absorbable silk braided suture&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td>SUT-15-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s phosphate buffered saline&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">21-031-CM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse Fc block&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>553142</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Lysis buffer (PureLink RNA Kit)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>12183018A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">b-Mercaptoethanol&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Millipore-Sigma</td>
			<td>M6250&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FACSAria II cell sorter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">644832</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ketamine&#160; (Ketathesia)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Henry Schein</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">56344</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Xylazine&#160; (AnaSed)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Akorn</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">139-236</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">RPMI 1640</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">10-040-CM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">10-017-CM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Liberase TL&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Millipore-Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">5401020001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DNase I</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Millipore-Sigma</td>
			<td>AMPD1-1KT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">100&#956;m cell strainer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Corning</td>
			<td>352360</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Human Fc block</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>564220</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Corning</td>
			<td>46-034-CI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Countess II Automated Cell Counter</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>AMQAX1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Trypan Blue Solution</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>15250061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Corning</td>
			<td>25-060-CI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Atlanta Biologicals</td>
			<td>S11150H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">L-929 cell line</td>
			<td>American Type Culture Collection</td>
			<td>ATCC,&#160;CCL-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Corning</td>
			<td>30-002-CI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium Pyruvate</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Corning</td>
			<td>25-000-CI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">T25 Tissue culture flask</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>156367</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">60 mm culture dish&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Millipore-Sigma</td>
			<td>CLS3261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">15 mL Conical tube&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:220px;">352097</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">50 mL Conical tube&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Corning</td>
			<td>352098</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">LSRFortessa cell analyzer</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>657669</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">FlowJo</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">FlowJo</td>
			<td>v10.4</td>
			<td>Analysis Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-CD45 (Mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td>147709</td>
			<td>Clone I3/2.3, FITC conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-CD11b (Mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td>101228</td>
			<td>Clone M1/70, PerCP/Cy5.5 conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-CD11c (Mouse)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>565452</td>
			<td>Clone N418, BV 421 conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-I-Ab (Mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td>116420</td>
			<td>Clone AF6-120.1, PE/Cy7 conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-Siglec-F (Mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>562757</td>
			<td>Clone E50-2440, PE-CF594 conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-Siglec-H (Mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td>129605</td>
			<td>Clone 551, PE conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-F4/80 (Mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td>123118</td>
			<td>Clone BM8, APC/Cy7 conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-Ly-6C (Mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td>128035</td>
			<td>Clone HK1.4, BV605 conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-CD64 (Mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td>139311</td>
			<td>Clone X54-5/7.1, BV711 conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-CD24 (Mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>563115</td>
			<td>Clone M1/69, BV510 conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-CD103 (Mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>745305</td>
			<td>Clone OX-62, BV650 conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-CD317 (Mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td>127015</td>
			<td>Clone 927, APC conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-CXCR1 (Mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td>149029</td>
			<td>Clone SA011F11, BV785 conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-CD45 (Human)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td>304017</td>
			<td>Clone HI30, AF488 conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-CD11b (Human)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td>101216</td>
			<td>Clone M1/70, PE/Cy7 conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-HLA-DR (Human)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td>307618</td>
			<td>Clone L243, APC/Cy7 conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-CD169 (Human)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td>346008</td>
			<td>Clone 7-239, APC conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-CD206 (Human)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td>321106</td>
			<td>Clone 15-2, PE conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:301px;">Anti-CD163 (Human)</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td>333612</td>
			<td>Clone GHI/61, BV421 conjugated</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and in vitro culture of murine and human alveolar macrophages

Alveolar makrofager er terminalt differensiert, lunge-resident makrofager prenatal opprinnelsesland. Alveolar makrofager er unike i sitt lange liv og deres viktige rolle i lunge utvikling og funksjon, samt svarene deres lunge-lokalisert infeksjon og betennelse. Hittil finnes ingen enhetlig metode for identifikasjon, isolasjon og håndtering av alveolar makrofager fra mennesker og mus. Slik metode er nødvendig for studier av disse viktige medfødte immunceller i forskjellige eksperimentelle innstillinger. Metoden beskrevet her, som kan lett vedtatt av alle laboratorium, er en forenklet tilnærming til høsting alveolar makrofager fra bronchoalveolar lavage væske eller lungevev og opprettholde dem i vitro. Fordi alveolar makrofager primært skje som tilhenger celler i alveoler, er fokus for denne metoden på dislodging dem før harvest og identifikasjon. Lungene er en svært vascularized organ, og ulike celletyper lymfoide og myeloide opprinnelsesland bor, samhandle og påvirkes av lunge-microenvironment. Ved hjelp av settet med overflate markører som er beskrevet her, kan forskere enkelt og utvetydig skille alveolar makrofager fra andre leukocytter, og renser dem for nedstrøms programmer. Metoden kultur utviklet her støtter både menneskelige og mus alveolar makrofager for i vitro vekst, og er kompatibel med mobilnettet og molekylære studier.

Flow cytometric tilnærming til å identifisere musen AMs er vist i figur 1. Dette inkluderer analyse av et minimum antall overflate markører nødvendig i atskillende AMs fra andre lunge-bosatt eller lunge-infiltrere phagocytes. Differensialanalyse må identifisere AMs fra interstitiell makrofager, dendrittiske celler, nøytrofile, monocytter og monocytt-avledet lunge makrofager som forekommer i lungene. Skjemaet for overflate markører kan brukes å lett sk...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages at JoVE.com

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Isolasjon og In Vitro kultur Murine og menneskelig Alveolar makrofager

Dette beskriver metoder for isolasjon og kultur alveolar makrofager fra mennesker og murine modeller for eksperimentelle formål.

Alveolar macrophages are terminally differentiated, lung-resident macrophages of prenatal origin. Alveolar macrophages are unique in their long life and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Human T Lymphocyte Isolation, Culture and Analysis of Migration In Vitro

Human T Lymphocyte Isolation, Culture and Analysis of Migration In Vitro

The migration of T lymphocytes involves the adhesive interaction of cell surface integrins with ligands expressed on other cells or with extracellular ...

Flow Cytometric Isolation of Primary Murine Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells for Functional and Molecular Studies

Flowcytometrisk Isolering av Primary Murine Type II alveolære epitelceller for Funksjonell og molekylær studier

Throughout  the last years, the contribution of alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECII)  to various aspects of immune regulation in the lung has been ...

Establishment of an In vitro System to Study Intracellular Behavior of Candida glabrata in Human THP-1 Macrophages

Establishment of an In vitro System to Study Intracellular Behavior of Candida glabrata in Human THP-1 Macrophages

A cell culture model system, if a close mimic of host environmental conditions, can serve as an inexpensive, reproducible and easily manipulatable ...

Isolation of Human Monocytes by Double Gradient Centrifugation and Their Differentiation to Macrophages in Teflon-coated Cell Culture Bags

Isolering av humane monocytter ved å dobbelt gradientsentrifugering og deres differensiering til Makrofager i teflonbelagt cellekultur Vesker

Human macrophages are involved in a plethora of pathologic processes ranging from infectious diseases to cancer. Thus they pose a valuable tool to ...

Assessing Anti-fungal Activity of Isolated Alveolar Macrophages by Confocal Microscopy

Vurdere Anti-sopp aktivitet av isolerte alveolære makrofager ved konfokalmikroskopi

The lung is an interface where host cells are routinely exposed to microbes and microbial products. Alveolar macrophages are the first-line phagocytic ...

Isolation of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages to Carry Out Gene Expression Analysis Upon Toll-like Receptors Stimulation

Isolering av Murine peritonealmakrofager å gjennomføre Gene Expression Analysis Ved Toll-lignende reseptorer Stimulering

During infection and inflammation, circulating monocytes leave the bloodstream and migrate into tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages. ...

Generation and Identification of GM-CSF Derived Alveolar-like Macrophages and Dendritic Cells From Mouse Bone Marrow

Generasjon og identifisering av GM-CSF Avledet Alveolære lignende makrofager og dendrittiske celler fra mus Bone Marrow

Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells found in tissues and lymphoid organs that play a key role in the defense against pathogens. ...

Culture of Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor Differentiated Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages

Kultur av makrofag-kolonistimulerende faktor Differensiert Humant Monocyte makrofager

A protocol is presented for cell culture of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) differentiated human monocyte-derived macrophages. For initiation ...

Quantifying Human Monocyte Chemotaxis In Vitro and Murine Lymphocyte Trafficking In Vivo

Quantifying Human Monocyte Chemotaxis In Vitro and Murine Lymphocyte Trafficking In Vivo

Kvantifisere menneskelige Monocyte Chemotaxis In Vitro og Murine lymfocytt menneskehandel Vivo

Chemotaxis is migration along a specific chemical gradient1. Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that promote cellular trafficking with anatomic and ...