Name: fabricating high-viscosity droplets using microfluidic capillary device with phase-inversion co-flow structure
Uploaded: 2018-04-17T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure at JoVE.com

Dette arbeidet ble støttet av National Natural Science Foundation of China (nr. 51420105006 og 51322501). Vi takker Daniel for hans nyttig diskusjon på høy viskositet ideer.

1. produserer en fase-inversjon co flyt kapillær enhet for å observere Generasjonsprosessen med vannbasert, høy viskositet dråper med en Diameter på ~ 500 μm.
Merk: Firkantet ytre røret her er for å ta bilder av generasjon høy viskositet dråper. Hvis det er ikke nødvendig å ta bilder, gjøres en forenklet versjon av enheten i henhold til protokollen trinn 2.
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Forberede tre glass rør med forskjellige størrelser for montering av kapillær enheten.
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Soc. 100, 41-48 (2017).</li><li>Chen, H., Man, J., Li, Z., Li, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+generation+of+high-viscosity+droplets+by+surface-controlled+breakup+of+segment+flow.">Microfluidic generation of high-viscosity droplets by surface-controlled breakup of segment flow.</a> ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 9, 21059-21064 (2017).</li><li>Man, J., Li, Z., Li, J., Chen, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phase+inversion+of+slug+flow+on+step+surface+to+form+high+viscosity+droplets+in+microchannel.">Phase inversion of slug flow on step surface to form high viscosity droplets in microchannel.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 181601 (2017).</li></ol>

Fase-inversjon co flyt enheten gir en enkel og likefram videresende metoden for å generere monodisperse høy viskositet dråper. Denne enheten har en lignende struktur felles co flyt enheter, som grunnleggende co flyt strukturen består av en indre rør inn i midten røret, avkjørselen som er koblet til uttaket rør. Det er imidlertid to viktigste forskjellene mellom fase-inversjon co flyt enhet og felles co flyt enhet for generering av høy viskositet dråper med en viskositet η > 1 Pa·s.
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Generering av dråper er blitt en viktig teknologi i en rekke programmer, for eksempel narkotika-leveranser, materialer syntese, 3D bioprinting, celle analyser og mat engineering1,2,3,4 , 5 , 6. Microfluidic enheter med t-kryss7,8, co flow1,9eller flyt-fokus10,11 strukturer er mye brukt til å generere monodisperse enkelt emulsjon dråper. Valg av en mer tyktflytende kontinuerlig fase vil lette dannelsen av dråper12viskositet på både kontinuerlig og spredt væsker er vanligvis under 0,1 Pas i dråpe microfluidics13. Mange programmer kan spredt fasen imidlertid ha en viskositet flere hundre ganger høyere enn for vann, for eksempel glyserol14, løsninger som inneholder nanopartikler15, proteiner16eller polymerer17 , 18 , 19, mens det er vanskelig å oppnå monodisperse dråper direkte fra høy viskositet væsker i en stall dryppende regimet11 i microfluidic enheter, spesielt for væsker med en viskositet η > 1 Pa·s14 ,17,18,19. Videre har det vært rapportert13,18 at typisk microfluidic metoder for slippverktøy formasjon krever væsker med en relativt lav viskositet og moderat interfacial spenning å danne uniform dråper i en stabil dryppende regimet.
For en spredt fase med en viskositet litt større enn 0,1 Pas, finnes det flere mulige tilnærminger til rette slippverktøy dannelse med typisk t-kryss, co flyt eller flyt-fokus microfluidic enheter: (1) redusere viskositeten av de adspredte fase fortynne den i en flyktige løsemiddel11,20; (2) redusere spredt-til-kontinuerlig viskositet forholdet ved å øke viskositeten av kontinuerlig fase1,11; (3) redusere infusjonshastigheten av spredt fase til en ekstremt lav verdi, mens en høy kontinuerlig til spredt flow rate forholdet 14,19. Men er disse ikke praktisk for væsker med mye høyere viskositet, som de vil vesentlig lavere produksjon frekvensen samtidig dramatisk øke forbruket av flyktige løsemiddelet eller kontinuerlig fase. I tillegg har det blitt rapportert at noen høy viskositet polymer løsninger med η > 1 Pa·s fortsatt ikke bryte opp i dråper ved fremgangsmåtene ovenfor17,19.
Det er også flere forbedret design av microfluidic enheter som presenterer en tredje fase av væske inn i systemet, som letter generasjonen av høy viskositet dråper. Innovasjoner inkluderer: bobler innført for å skjære en spyling tråd dråper21, en ikke blandbar chaperoning væske med moderat viskositet, introdusert som den midtre fasen mellom dipsersed fasen og kontinuerlig fase18, og microreactors innført for å generere høy viskositet dråper fra to lav viskositet forløpere21,22,23. Men som en mer væske er involvert i prosessen, systemet blir mer komplisert, og enhetene fungerer vanligvis en mye smalere flyt-regimet enn typiske enhetene for generering av enkelt emulsjon dråper.
Generere monodisperse dråper direkte fra en høy viskositet væsken η > 1 Pa·s, overflate-kontrollert fase-inversjon metoder har blitt undersøkt24. Generering av lav viskositet dråper er mye enklere enn høy viskositet dråper12, langstrakt lav viskositet dråper i en høy viskositet kontinuerlig fase genereres første ved hjelp av en typisk co flyt struktur, og så er brutt opp grunn endring av overflaten wettability nedstrøms av co flyt. Utgitt lav viskositet væsken omslutter omvendt nedstrøms høy viskositet væsken inn dråper slik at fase inversjon er fullført. Ifølge fase inversjon mekanisme, kan monodisperse høy viskositet dråper genereres basert på en typisk co flyt enhet, mens utgangen av co flyt enheten er behandlet for å være wetted av lav viskositet væsken, og deretter koblet til en større rør24 ,25.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>VitroTubes Glass Tubing</td>
			<td>VitroCom</td>
			<td>8240</td>
			<td>Square - Miniature Hollow Glass Tubing, I.D.=0.4mm, OD=0.8mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VitroTubes Glass Tubing</td>
			<td>VitroCom</td>
			<td>CV2033</td>
			<td>Round - Miniature Hollow Glass Tubing, I.D.=0.2mm, O.D.=0.33mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VitroTubes Glass Tubing</td>
			<td>VitroCom</td>
			<td>CV1017</td>
			<td>Round - Miniature Hollow Glass Tubing, I.D.=0.1mm, O.D.=0.17mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VitroTubes Glass Tubing</td>
			<td>VitroCom</td>
			<td>Q14606</td>
			<td>Square - Miniature Hollow Glass Tubing, I.D.=1.05mm+0.1/-0, OD=1.5mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard Glass Capillaries</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>1B100-6</td>
			<td>Round - Glass Tubing, I.D.=0.58mm, O.D.=1.00mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Beijing</td>
			<td>10010618</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraffin Liquid</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Beijing</td>
			<td>30139828</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA-124</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Beijing</td>
			<td>30153084</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Span 80</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>85548</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Starch</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S9765</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trichloro(octadecyl)silane</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>104817</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Toluidine Blue O</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T3260</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Honey</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Chaste tree honey, common food product purchased from supermarket</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DEVCON 5 Minute Epoxy</td>
			<td>ITW&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Epoxy glue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blunt Tip Stainless Steel Dispensing Needles (Luer Lock)</td>
			<td>Suzhou Lanbo Needle, China</td>
			<td>LTA820050</td>
			<td>20G x 1/2&#34;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tungsten/Carbide Scriber</td>
			<td>Ullman</td>
			<td>1830</td>
			<td>For cutting glass tubing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope Slides</td>
			<td>Sail Brand</td>
			<td>7101</td>
			<td>76.2 mm x 25.4 mm, Thickness 1 - 1.2 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyethylene Tubing</td>
			<td>Scientific Commodities</td>
			<td>BB31695-PE/5</td>
			<td>I.D. = 0.86 mm, O.D. = 1.32 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe Pumps</td>
			<td>Longer Pump, China</td>
			<td>LSP01-1A</td>
			<td>3 pumps needed for the experiments</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fabricating high-viscosity droplets using microfluidic capillary device with phase-inversion co-flow structure

Generering av monodisperse dråper med høy viskositet har alltid vært en utfordring i dråpe microfluidics. Her viser vi en fase-inversjon co flyt enhet vil generere jevn høy viskositet dråper i en lav viskositet væsken. Microfluidic kapillær enheten har en felles co flyt struktur med sin exit koble til et større rør. Langstrakt dråper av lav viskositet væsken er først innkapslet av høy viskositet væsken i co flyt strukturen. Mens de avlange lav viskositet dråpene strømmer gjennom utgangen, som behandles å være wetted av lav viskositet væsken, er fase inversjon deretter indusert av vedheft av lav viskositet dråper til spissen av utgangen, som resulterer i den påfølgende inverse innkapsling av høy viskositet væsken. Størrelsen på de resulterende høy viskositet dråpene kan justeres ved å endre flow rate forholdet mellom lav viskositet væsken til høy viskositet væsken. Vi viser flere typiske eksempler på generering av høy viskositet dråper med en viskositet opp til 11,9 Pas, som glyserol, honning, stivelse og polymer løsning. Metoden gir en enkel og grei tilnærming for å generere monodisperse høy viskositet dråper, som kan brukes i en rekke slippverktøy-baserte programmer, for eksempel materialer syntese, narkotika-leveranser, celle analysen, bioteknologi og mat Engineering.

En microfluidic kapillær enhet med en fase-inversjon, co flyt strukturen ble designet for å generere monodisperse vandig høy viskositet dråper, som vist i figur 1A. I figur 1, høy viskositet vandige fasen var glyserol, som har en viskositet på ηw = 1,4 Pas; lav viskositet olje fasen var flytende parafin, som har en viskositet på ηo = 0.029 Pas; overflatespenningen mellom de to fase...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure at JoVE.com

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

Fabrikere høy viskositet dråper bruker Microfluidic kapillær enhet med fase-inversjon co flyt

En fase-inversjon co flyt enhet er vist for å generere monodisperse høy viskositet dråper over 1 Pas, som er vanskelig å realisere i dråpe microfluidics.

The generation of monodisperse droplets with high viscosity has always been a challenge in droplet microfluidics. Here, we demonstrate a phase-inversion ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to generate monodispersed high-viscosity droplets with viscosities above one pascal seconds and a low viscosity continuous phase via phase-inversion in a simple co-flow microfluidic device. This method can solve the key problem in the droplet microfluidics field about manipulation of inherently high-viscosity fluids such as high glycerol polymer solutions and nanoparticle suspensions. The main advantage of this technique is that it initially generates low-viscosity droplets which are easier to form and control than high-viscosity droplets.The subsequent phasing version to generate high-viscosity droplets is induced when the low-viscosity droplets flow from the exit of a co-flow structure. Demonstrating the procedure will be Mr.Zhongnan Li, a graduate student from Tsinghua University. To begin preparing the device, use a tungsten carbide scriber to cut a three centimeter length of a round glass tube with an inner and outer diameter of 580 micrometers and one millimeter respectively.This will form the middle tube of the device. To make the inner tube of the device, cut a two centimeter length of a round glass tube with an inner and outer diameter of 200 and 330 micrometers respectively. Place one milliliter of ODTS in a 1.5 milliliter centrifuge tube.Immerse one end of the middle tube in the ODTS for 10 seconds. Then flush the tube with nitrogen gas from the untreated end until the tube is dry. Next, use a blade to cut a 0.5 millimeter by 0.5 millimeter notch.On the edge of the plastic Luer hub of a 20 gauge half-inch blunt needle, cut a 0.5 millimeter by 0.5 millimeter notch and a one millimeter by one millimeter notch directly across from each other on the hub of a second needle. Then place the middle tube lengthwise on a standard glass microscope slide with the hydrophobic ODTS-coated end extending about one centimeter passed the narrow end of the slide. Insert the inner tube into the untreated end of the middle tube leaving about one centimeter of the inner tube outside the middle tube.Use epoxy to fix the tubes in place along the center line of the slide. For better performance, adjust the position of the inner tube to be approximately concentrate to the middle tube. Once the epoxy has set, place the singly-notched needle over the end of the inner tube so that the tube fits in the notch.Fix the needle in place with epoxy to form the low-viscosity oil inlet. Then fix the double-notched needle over the junction between the inner and middle tubes to form the high-viscosity aqueous solution inlet. Use epoxy to seal the needle hubs both around the tubes and to the glass substrate.To ensure that the high-viscosity inlet needle sits firmly on the substrate, fit the middle tube into the big notch and the inner tube into the small notch. After the epoxy has dried, fit a 20 millimeter length of polyethylene tubing with an inner diameter of 0.86 millimeter over the hydrophobic end of the middle tube to complete the device. To begin the process, draw 0.8 milliliters of glycerol tinted with blue dye into a one milliliter syringe.Draw 0.8 milliliters of light paraffin oil into a second one milliliter syringe. Connect the glycerol syringe to the high-viscosity aqueous solution inlet of the device via polyethylene tubing with an inner diameter of 0.86 millimeters. Connect the liquid paraffin syringe to the low-viscosity oil inlet.Mount both syringes on syringe pumps. Then use a two-finger clamp and a lab stand to fix the device vertically over a 35 millimeter Petri dish. Adjust the device position so that the end of the outlet tubing is about two millimeters above the bottom of the dish.Pour enough liquid paraffin into the Petri dish to just immerse the device outlet. Add the same quantity of liquid paraffin to a second 35 millimeter Petri dish. Set the glycerol syringe pump flow rate to two microliters per minute.Set the liquid paraffin syringe pump flow rate to six microliters per minute. Run both pumps to begin generating the glycerol droplets. Monitor the droplet generation with a camera if desired.Wait about one minute for the glycerol and liquid paraffin flows to stabilize sufficiently to form uniform glycerol droplets. Then exchange the Petri dish under the device outlet for the second liquid paraffin-filled dish to collect the uniform droplets. Monodispersed glycerol droplets were generated by phase-inversion co-flow devices with middle tubes having diameters of either 200 or 500 micrometers.Monodispersed droplets were also generated from other high-viscosity fluids including honey, a starch solution, and a polyvinyl alcohol solution. Glycerol droplets generated by the 500 micrometer device with oil and glycerol flow rates of 30 and 10 microliters per minute respectively had an average diameter of 521 micrometers. Glycerol droplets generated by the 200 micrometer device at the same flow rates had an average diameter of 212 micrometers.The size of the glycerol droplets was found to change with variations in the ratio of the oil flow rate to the glycerol flow rate. Increasing the oil flow rate while holding the glycerol flow rate constant resulted in a decrease in particle size. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to make monodispersed high-viscosity droplets with a phase-inversion co-flow device.In contrast to common co-flow devices, you do not need to taper the inner glass capillary to a sharp tip to make the phase-inversion co-flow device. The phase-inversion co-flow device can be used to generate high-viscosity droplets with dynamic viscosities of up to 12 pascal seconds. Once mastered, this technique can be done in 30 minutes if it is performed properly.

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