Name: adapting 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends to map transcripts in cancer
Uploaded: 2018-03-28T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer at JoVE.com

Bettine Gibbs teknik yardım kabul etmek istiyoruz.

Önlük, eldiven ve koruyucu gözlük bu protokol için tüm yordamları gerçekleştirirken her zaman giymek. Konteyner/tüpler fenol ve guanidin isothiocyanate reaktif içeren yalnızca bir Sertifikalı hood ve dispose fenol atık belirlenmiş bir kap içinde açılan emin olun. Dnaz/RNAse-Alerjik steril tüpler, ipuçları ve Kimyasalları kullanın.
1. hücre kültürü
<ol><li>HeLa hücre satır ve iki süspansiyon manto hücre Lenfoma hücre hatları, Granta-519 ve Jeko-1, % 10 içeren...

<ol>
	<li>Mandel, C., Bai, Y., Tong, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+factors+in+pre-mRNA+3'-end+processing.">Protein factors in pre-mRNA 3'-end processing.</a> Cell Mol Life Sci. 65 (7-8), 1099-1122 (2008).</li><li>Danckwardt, S., Hentze, M., Kulozik, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=3'+end+mRNA+processing:+Molecular+mechanisms+and+implications+for+health+and+disease.">3' end mRNA processing: Molecular mechanisms and implications for health and disease.</a> EMBO J. 27 (3), 482-498 (2008).</li><li>Derti, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+quantitative+atlas+of+polyadenylation+in+five+mammals.">A quantitative atlas of polyadenylation in five mammals.</a> Genome Res. 22 (6), 1173-1183 (2012).</li><li>Sambrook, J., Russell, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+amplification+of+3&#8242;+cDNA+ends+(3&#8242;-RACE).">Rapid amplification of 3&#8242; cDNA ends (3&#8242;-RACE).</a> Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2006 (1), (2006).</li><li>Masamha, C. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CFIm25+regulates+glutaminase+alternative+terminal+exon+definition+to+modulate+miR-23+function.">CFIm25 regulates glutaminase alternative terminal exon definition to modulate miR-23 function.</a> RNA. 22 (6), 830-838 (2016).</li><li>Rodu, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+Biology+in+Medicine:+The+polymerase+chain+reaction:+the+revolution+within.">Molecular Biology in Medicine: The polymerase chain reaction: the revolution within.</a> Am J Med Sci. 299 (3), 210-216 (1990).</li><li>Bertioli, D., White, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+amplification+of+cDNA+ends.">Rapid amplification of cDNA ends.</a> PCR Cloning Protocols: Methods in Molecular Biology. 67, 233-238 (1997).</li><li>Freeman, L. A., Freeman, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cloning+full-length+transcripts+and+transcript+variants+using+5'+and+3'+RACE.">Cloning full-length transcripts and transcript variants using 5' and 3' RACE.</a> Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Disease: Methods in Molecular Biology (Methods and Protocols). 1027, 3-17 (2013).</li><li>Masamha, C. P., Albrecht, T. R., Wagner, E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Discovery+and+characterization+of+a+novel+CCND1/MRCK+gene+fusion+in+mantle+cell+lymphoma.">Discovery and characterization of a novel CCND1/MRCK gene fusion in mantle cell lymphoma.</a> J Hematol Oncol. 9 (1), 1-5 (2016).</li><li>Parker, B. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+tumorigenic+FGFR3-TACC3+gene+fusion+escapes+miR-99a+regulation+in+glioblastoma.">The tumorigenic FGFR3-TACC3 gene fusion escapes miR-99a regulation in glioblastoma.</a> J Clin Investig. 123 (2), 855-865 (2013).</li><li>Prakash, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+conjoined+genes:+Another+mechanism+for+gene+regulation+in+eukaryotes.">Expression of conjoined genes: Another mechanism for gene regulation in eukaryotes.</a> PLOS ONE. 5 (10), e13284 (2010).</li><li>Mertens, F., Johansson, B., Fioretos, T., Mitelman, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+emerging+complexity+of+gene+fusions+in+cancer.">The emerging complexity of gene fusions in cancer.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 15 (6), 371-381 (2015).</li><li>Mayr, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolution+and+biological+roles+of+alternative+3'UTRs.">Evolution and biological roles of alternative 3'UTRs.</a> Trends Cell Biol. 26 (3), 227-237 (2016).</li><li>International Committee For Standardization In, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protocol+for+evaluation+of+automated+blood+cell+counters.">Protocol for evaluation of automated blood cell counters.</a> Clin Lab Haematol. 6 (1), 69-84 (1984).</li><li>Desjardins, P., Conklin, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NanoDrop+microvolume+quantitation+of+nucleic+acids.">NanoDrop microvolume quantitation of nucleic acids.</a> J Vis Exp. (45), e2565 (2010).</li><li>Lorenz, T. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polymerase+chain+reaction:+Basic+protocol+plus+troubleshooting+and+optimization+strategies.">Polymerase chain reaction: Basic protocol plus troubleshooting and optimization strategies.</a> J Vis Exp. (63), e3998 (2012).</li><li>Lee, P. Y., Costumbrado, J., Hsu, C. -. Y., Kim, Y. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Agarose+gel+electrophoresis+for+the+separation+of+DNA+fragments.">Agarose gel electrophoresis for the separation of DNA fragments.</a> J Vis Exp. (62), e3923 (2012).</li><li>Curtis, P. C., Thomas, J. L., Phillips, N. R., Roby, R. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+primer+specific+filter+metrics+for+the+assessment+of+mitochondrial+DNA+sequence+data.">Optimization of primer specific filter metrics for the assessment of mitochondrial DNA sequence data.</a> Mitochondrial DNA. 21 (6), 191-197 (2010).</li><li>Letowski, J., Brousseau, R., Masson, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Designing+better+probes:+Effect+of+probe+size,+mismatch+position+and+number+on+hybridization+in+DNA+oligonucleotide+microarrays.">Designing better probes: Effect of probe size, mismatch position and number on hybridization in DNA oligonucleotide microarrays.</a> J Microbiol Methods. 57 (2), 269-278 (2004).</li><li>Lefever, S., Pattyn, F., Hellemans, J., Vandesompele, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-nucleotide+polymorphisms+and+other+mismatches+reduce+performance+of+quantitative+PCR+assays.">Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and other mismatches reduce performance of quantitative PCR assays.</a> Clin Chem. 59 (10), 1470-1480 (2013).</li><li>Singh, V. K., Govindarajan, R., Naik, S., Kumar, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+hairpin+structure+on+PCR+amplification+efficiency.">The effect of hairpin structure on PCR amplification efficiency.</a> Mol Biol Today. 1, 67-69 (2000).</li><li>Kalle, E., Kubista, M., Rensing, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multi-template+polymerase+chain+reaction.">Multi-template polymerase chain reaction.</a> Biomol Detect Quant. 2, 11-29 (2014).</li><li>Stransky, N., Cerami, E., Schalm, S., Kim, J. L., Lengauer, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+landscape+of+kinase+fusions+in+cancer.">The landscape of kinase fusions in cancer.</a> Nat Commun. 5, 4846 (2014).</li></ol>

Bir gen gen olarak büyük paralel sıralama teknolojileri gelişiyle rağmen 3' yarış PAS ve nükleotid Poli(a) kuyruğu bitişik tanımlamak için en kolay ve en ekonomik yöntem kalıyor. Burada açıklanan adaptasyon kullanarak 3' yarış hem yükseltmek ve ORF, kodonu ve tüm 3' UTR ANKHD1 mRNA transkript, bir bölümünü içeren dizileri eşlemek için genişler. 3' yarış bir büyük avantajı birkaç küçük uyarlamalar ile diğer vektörel çizimler aşağı akım sorgulama işlevinin miRNA hedefle...

3' ucu oluşumu pre-mRNA aşağı Poli(a) kuyruğu1,2olun ~ 250 untemplated adenines ilavesi ve ardından bir pas bölünme oluşur mRNA olgunlaşma önemli bir adım var. Poli(a) kuyruğu Poli(a) bağlayıcı protein (PABP) bağlanır ve bu mRNA transkript bozulma korur ve çeviri1kolaylaştırır.
Mevcut tahminlere insan genlerinin % 70'i birden çok giriş ve böylece alternatif Poliadenilasyon, birden fazla 3' biter3' te sonuçlanan geçmesi öneririz. Böylece, nerede Poli(a) kuyruğu kalan 3' UTR verdiği tanımlamak gibi PAS tarafından verilen herhangi bir transkript kullanılan belirlemek önemlidir. Yeni nesil sıralama gelişiyle 3' eşzamanlı kimliği içinde UTRs ve genler binlerce PASs sonuçlandı. Bu artış sıralama özelliği, 3' uç alternatif Poliadenilasyon içeren verileri çözümlemek için bioinformatic algoritma geliştirme gerektirmiştir. De novo algılama veya PAS doğrulanmasını ve dolayısıyla 3' ucu bireysel genlerin büyük ölçekli sıralama veri eşleme için 3' yarış yönteminin seçimi4,5kalır. Normalde, 3' yarış cDNA ürünleriyle birlikte sıraları yalnızca bir bölümünü 3' Poli(a) kuyruğu, bölünme sitesi, PAS ve akıntıya karşı dizisi PAS içerir UTR'nin içerir. Tasarım ve gen belirli ileriye ve geriye doğru astar kullanımını gerektiren PCR 3' yarış sadece iki gen belirli iç içe ileri astar gerektirir. Dolayısıyla, PCR nükleotid dizisi güçlendirilmiş4,6olmak gen büyük bir bölgeye ilişkin daha ayrıntılı bir bilgi gerektirir. 3' yarış başlandığından beri aynı Poli(a) kuyruğu poliadenile RNA transkriptlerinizin için hedefleri, yalnızca ileri astar gen belirli, böylece, yalnızca mRNA önemli ölçüde daha küçük bir bölge bilgisi gerektiren gerekir astar ters. Bu kimin dizileri değil tam olarak karakterize4,7olan bölgelerdeki amplifikasyon sağlar. Bu 3' yarış sadece bir gen 3' sonu belirlemek için aynı zamanda belirlemek ve büyük bölgelerinde akıntıya karşı önemli bir kısmını 3' UTR formu PAS karakterize için kullanılmak üzere izin verdi. 5' ile değiştirilmiş 3' büyük bazı bölümleri 3' UTR ve kanat bölgeleri içeren yarış yarış birleştirerek, tamamen sıra ya da onun 3' son85' uç üzerinden tüm bir mRNA transkript klon mümkündür.
Son kimliği roman CCND1-MRCK füzyon gen transkript Mantle hücreli Lenfoma hücre satırlarından ve kanser hastaları bu uygulanması değiştirilmiş 3' yarış bir örnektir. 3' UTR üzerinden CCND1 ile MRCK gen dizilerinin oluşuyordu ve miRNA Yönetmeliği9' a inatçı. İki iç içe geçmiş CCND1 belirli ileri astar hemen bitişik ve CCND1 kodonu aşağı bölgeye tamamlayıcı. Her ne kadar bütün transcriptome sıralama belirli bioinformatic araçları ile birlikte gene füzyon103' UTR içinde algılamak için kullanılan, birçok labs mali kaynak veya yapmak için bioinformatic uzmanlık eksikliği bu teknoloji kullanın. Bu nedenle, 3' yarış de novo tanıma ve onaylama 3' UTR içeren roman füzyon genlerin yerine kullanılabilir. Köklü bildirilen füzyon genlerin sayısını artırmak gibi transkript okuma göz önüne alındığında, 3' yarış gen dizileri11,12karakterize güçlü bir araç haline gelmiştir. Buna ek olarak, son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda bu farklı diziler içinde 3' UTR yanı sıra uzunluğu 3' UTR mRNA transkript istikrar, yerelleştirme, translatability ve işlev13etkileyebilir göstermiştir. Kısmen artan ilgi nedeniyle transcriptome eşleme, orada laboratuar olarak kullanılmak üzere geliştirilen farklı DNA polimerazlar sayısındaki bir artış olmuştur. Ne tür değişiklikler 3' için DNA polimerazlar kullanılabilir repertuar yararlanmak için sipariş yarış protokolünde yapılabilir belirlemek önemlidir.
Bu eser 3' tüm 3' UTR eşlemek için yarış uyum raporları, PAS ve 3' sonu bölünme bir site kullanarak ANKHD1 transkript astar transkript ve iki farklı DNA polimerazlar ANKHD1 bölümünde iç içe geçmiş.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>HeLa cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CCL-2</td>
			<td>Cervical cancer cell line.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Jeko-1 cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CRL-3006</td>
			<td>Mantle cell lymphoma cell line.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Granta-519 cells</td>
			<td>DSMZ</td>
			<td>ACC-342</td>
			<td>Mantle cell lymphoma cell line.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>F6178</td>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum for cell culture.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>ThermoFisherScientific</td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td>Antibiotic and antimycotic.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GlycoBlue</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>AM9545</td>
			<td>Coprecipitant.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>ThermoFisherScientific</td>
			<td>10569044</td>
			<td>Gibco brand cell culture media with GlutaMAX.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nuclease Free-Water</td>
			<td>ThermoFisherScientific</td>
			<td>AM9938</td>
			<td>Ambion DNase and RNAse free water(non DEPC treated).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s Phosphate-Buffered Solution</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>21-030</td>
			<td>1X PBS.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloroform</td>
			<td>Sigma&#160; Aldrich</td>
			<td>C7559-5VL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-propanol</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>I9516</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reagent Alcohol</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>793175</td>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethidium Bromide solution</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>E1510</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRIzol Reagent</td>
			<td>ThermoFisherScientific</td>
			<td>15596026</td>
			<td>Monophasic phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate reagent.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2X Extender PCR-to-Gel Master Mix</td>
			<td>Amresco</td>
			<td>N867</td>
			<td>2X PCR-to-Gel Master Mix&#160; containing loading dye used in routine quick PCR assays and primer search.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10mM dNTP</td>
			<td>Amresco</td>
			<td>N557</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RQ1 RNase-Free DNase</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>M6101</td>
			<td>Dnase treatment kit.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gel Loading Dye Orange (6X)</td>
			<td>New England BioLabs</td>
			<td>B7022S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2X Phusion High-Fidelity PCR Master Mix with HF buffer</td>
			<td>ThermoFisherScientific</td>
			<td>F531S</td>
			<td>2X PCR MasterMix containing a chimeric DNA polymerase consisting of a DNA binding domain fused to a Pyrococcus-like proofreading polymerase and other reagents.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PfuUltra II Fusion HS DNA polymerase</td>
			<td>Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td>600670</td>
			<td>Modified DNA Polymerase from Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RevertAid RT Reverse Transcription Kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Fischer</td>
			<td>K1691</td>
			<td>Used for&#160; reverse transcription of mRNA into&#160; cDNA synthesis. Kit includes&#160; Ribolock RNAse inhibitor, RevertAid M-MuLV reverse transcriptase and other reagents listed in manuscript.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pefect size 1Kb ladder</td>
			<td>5 Prime</td>
			<td>2500360</td>
			<td>Molecular weight DNA ladder.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alpha Innotech FluorChem Q MultiImage III</td>
			<td>Alpha Innotech</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used to visualise ethidium bromide stained agarose gel.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Low Molecular Weight Ladder</td>
			<td>New England BioLabs</td>
			<td>N3233L</td>
			<td>Molecular weight DNA ladder.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vortex Mixer</td>
			<td>MidSci</td>
			<td>VM-3200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mini Centrifuge</td>
			<td>MidSci</td>
			<td>C1008-R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dry Bath</td>
			<td>MidSci</td>
			<td>DB-D1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NanoDrop 2000C</td>
			<td>ThermoFisherScientific</td>
			<td>ND-2000C</td>
			<td>Spectrophotometer.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wide Mini-Sub&#160;Cell GT Horizontal Electrophoresis System</td>
			<td>BioRad</td>
			<td>1704469</td>
			<td>Electrophoresis equipment-apparatus to set up gel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PowerPac Basic Power Supply</td>
			<td>BioRad</td>
			<td>1645050</td>
			<td>Power supply for gel electrophoresis.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose</td>
			<td>Dot Scientific</td>
			<td>AGLE-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mastercycler Gradient</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>950000015</td>
			<td>PCR thermocycler.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5810 R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5430R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wizard SV Gel and PCR Fragment DNA Clean-Up System</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>A9281</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zero Blunt TOPO PCR Cloning Kit, with One Shot&#160; TOP10 Chemically Competent E. coli cells</td>
			<td>ThermoFisherScientific</td>
			<td>K280020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MyPCR Preparation Station Mystaire</td>
			<td>MidSci</td>
			<td>MY-PCR24</td>
			<td>Hood dedicated to PCR work.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hamilton SafeAire II fume hood</td>
			<td>ThermoFisherScientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Fume hood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Beckman Coulter Z1&#160;Particle&#160;Counter</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>6605698</td>
			<td>Particle counter. For counting cells before plating&#160; for RNA extraction.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Applied Biosystems Sequence Scanner Software v2.0</td>
			<td>Applied Biosystems (through ThermoFisherScientific)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Software to analyze Sanger sequencing data.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

adapting 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends to map transcripts in cancer

Ökaryotik mRNA'ların olgunlaşma Poli(a) kuyruğu ilavesi içerir 3' son oluşumu içerir. Bir gen 3' sonu eşlemek için geleneksel seçim 3' hızlı amplifikasyon cDNA biter (3' yarış) yöntemidir. İletişim kuralları için 3' yarış dikkatli tasarım ve ilgi hedef gen 3' Çevrilmeyen bölgesi (3' UTR) içinde iç içe geçmiş astar yelpazesi gerektirir. Ancak, bir kaç değişiklik ile protokol tüm 3' UTR ve dizileri ORF ve 3' UTR ilişkisi, daha kapsamlı bir görünümünü sağlayan açık okuma çerçevesi (ORF), içinde eklemek için kullanılabilir. Bu Poliadenilasyon sinyal (PAS), yanı sıra yanı sıra geleneksel 3' tarafından yarış sağlanan dilinim ve Poliadenilasyon site kimliğidir. Genişletilmiş 3' yarış alışılmadık 3' UTRs içinde 3' UTR, gen füzyon dahil olmak üzere, algılayabilir ve sırası bilgi AU transkript kararlılığını etkileyebilir öğeleri istikrarsızlaştırıcı zengin yanı sıra potansiyel miRNA bağlayıcı siteleri tahmin etmek için kullanılabilir.

İç içe geçmiş ileri astar arama:
Özel jel Şekil 1 , hangi kullanım aynı ama farklı ters astar astar ileri iki ayrı PCR jel ürün (şerit 1 ve 2) gösterir. Lane 3 ayrı bir PCR ürünü ve farklı ileriye ve geriye doğru astar vardır. Dayalı PCR reaksiyon için kullanmak için ideal astar bir ayrı PCR ürün (Lane 3) vermek bunlar. Şerit 1 ve 2 kullanılan ileri astar ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer at JoVE.com

Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer

3' adapte CDNA hızlı amplifikasyon transkript kanser eşlemek için sona erer

İki farklı 3' hızlı amplifikasyon cDNA biter (3' yarış) protokolleri açıklanan burada yapmak açık okuma çerçevesi (ORF), kodonu ve tüm 3' UTR RNA kullanarak bir transkript, bir parçasını içeren dizileri iki farklı DNA polimerazlar kullanımı farklı kanser hücre satırlarından elde.

Maturation of eukaryotic mRNAs involves 3&#39; end formation, which involves the addition of a poly(A) tail. In order to map the 3&#39; end of a gene, the ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to determine the sequences of mRNA transcripts from the three-prime end to regions within the protein coding region by using transcript-specific nested primers in two subsequent PCRs and sequencing the purified PCR products. This method can help answer key questions in the genetic field, such as determining the polyadenylation signal, the stop codon, and the sequence of the three-prime untranslated region of the transcript. The main advantage of this technique is that it can be applied to any transcript if the sequence of the small region of the open reading frame is The implication of this technique extend toward cancer diagnosis, because it can detect tumor specific fusion genes and splice variants.We first had the idea for this method when we identified novel transcripts with previously uncharacterized, three-primed untranslated regions. To begin the protocol, thaw the phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate cell mixture on ice. Once thawed, add 100 microliters of chloroform to the microcentrifuge tube in a PCR hood.Vortex the sample for 10 to 15 seconds until the mixture is pink and opaque. Next, incubate the sample on ice for 15 minutes. After incubation, centrifuge the sample for 15 minutes at 20, 800 g and four degrees Celsius.Carefully remove the upper colorless aqueous phase and transfer it to a new 1.5 milliliter microcentrifuge tube. Then, move on to precipitation and add an equal volume of isopropanol to the sample. Add one microliter of co-precipitant to the sample to act as a carrier for the RNA and to help visualize the RNA in subsequent steps.Incubate the samples at 80 degrees Celsius for at least four hours. After incubation, transfer the sample to a cooled centrifuge and spin for 35 minutes at 20, 800 g and four degrees Celsius. After the spin, the RNA will appear as a blue spec on the bottom of the tube.Carefully remove the isopropanol from the sample. Add 500 microliters of 80%ethanol and resuspend the pellet by briefly vortexing for three seconds. Centrifuge the sample again.Remove all the ethanol from the sample and let the sample air dry for about 10 minutes. Once the sample is dry, resuspend it in 35 microliters of RNase-free water. Then, place the sample on a heat block.Set at 65 degrees Celsius for five minutes to ensure that the RNA is fully in solution. After heating, immediately place the tube on ice. For a final reaction volume of 50 microliters, add four micrograms of total RNA with added water to a total volume of 22 microliters to a new tube.Add two microliters of the Oligo dT 25 primer from the 10 micromolar primer solution. From the reverse transcription kit, add two microliters of the RNase inhibitor, eight microliters of the 5x reaction buffer, four microliters of 10 millimolar dNTPs, and two microliters of the reverse transcriptase. Set up a reaction without reverse transcriptase to act as a negative control.Incubate the tube at 42 degrees Celsius for one hour. After incubation, transfer the tube directly to ice before transporting it to the heating block. Then, heat the tube at 75 degrees Celsius for five minutes.After heating it 75 degrees Celsius, place the tube on ice. Transfer two microliters of the cDNA to a fresh 0.5 milliliter PCR tube. Add one microliter of the forward primer and one microliter of the reverse primer from a 10 millimolar primer solution.Make up to 12.5 microliters by adding 8.5 microliters of nuclease-free water and add 12.5 microliters of the 2x PCR to gel master mix. Then, enter the PCR thermal cycling conditions listed on the screen and run the PCR. After the PCR, prepare a 1%agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide.Dissolve one gram of agarose in 100 milliliters of triacetate or TAE buffer in a 250 milliliter flask. Boil the contents in a microwave. Allow the gel to cool for one minute, and add 7.5 microliters of ethidium bromide solution in a fume hood.Mix well by swirling the flask. Pour the contents into a horizontal gel apparatus and allow the gel to solidify at room temperature in the fume hood for at least 30 minutes. Cover the gel with 1x TAE buffer and load 10 microliters of the PCR product onto the agarose gel together with three to five microliters of the DNA molecular weight ladder.Run the gel at 175 volts for 10 minutes. For the first PCR, transfer one microliter of cDNA to a PCR tube and add five microliters of 10x Pfu reaction buffer. Add one microliter of the first nested forward primer, one microliter of the T7 Oligo dT 25 primer, and one microliter of dNTPs from a 10 millimolar solution.Make up to 49 microliters of total volume by adding 40 microliters of water. Add one microliter of Pfu DNA polymerase and mix well. Then, run the PCR.Next, prepare the second PCR. Transfer two microliters of the products from the first PCR to a new PCR tube and mix it with five microliters of 10x Pfu ultra two reaction buffer. Add one microliter of the second nested PCR primer, one microliter of the T7 primer and one microliter of dNTPs.Make up to 49 microliters total reaction volume by adding 39 microliters of water and add one microliter of Pfu DNA polymerase. Run the PCR using the same PCR profile as the first PCR set up. Alternatively, instead of using Pfu DNA polymerase, a chimeric DNA polymerase can be used in the two different PCRs.Take five to ten microliters of the second PCR product and run it on an agarose gel. Finally, visualize the result on an imager. This agarose gel shows two distinct PCR products which use the same forward primer but different reverse primers and a distinct PCR product that has a distinct forward and reverse primer.The ideal primers to use for the PCR based reaction are those that give one distinct PCR product. Products from the second PCR reaction with Pfu DNA polymerase and chimeric DNA polymerase produced the same sized PCR products despite having different PCR cycling conditions for the three-prime RACE. The reverse transcriptase negative controls showed no genomic contamination of the RNA used in cDNA synthesis as well as in subsequent downstream reactions.Gel-purified PCR products were sent for sequencing. A representative Sanger sequence from a sequence chromatogram identified the location of the stop codon, putative polyadenylation signal and the site as well as the poly A tail in the three-prime RACE product. While attempting this procedure, it's important to remember to wear protective gear and gloves at all time.In addition, use sterile DNase and RNase for your reagents tubes and other disposables. Don't forget that working with phenol and chloroform can be extremely hazardous. And precautions such as using the reagents in a hood and disposing material in a designated waste container should always be taken while performing this procedure.

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