Name: using electroencephalography measurements and high-quality video recording for analyzing visual perception of media content
Uploaded: 2018-05-26T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using Electroencephalography Measurements and High-quality Video Recording for Analyzing Visual Perception of Media Content at JoVE.com

本研究得到西班牙经济和竞争力部 (BFU2014-56692-R 和 BFU2017-82375-R) 赠款的支持。

这里所描述的所有方法都得到了巴塞罗那大学 Autònoma 动物和人类研究伦理学委员会 (CEEAH) 的批准。
1. 视觉刺激的创作和展示
<ol><li>根据期望的目标创建视频刺激。<ol>
<li>确定哪些变量对视频刺激感兴趣。 注: 例如, 在目前的调查中, 主要的兴趣变量是编辑风格。<ol>
<li>根据实验的兴趣决定视频的持续时间、内容和风格。要确定所有这些变量, 请考虑参与者要观看多少视频?...

<ol>
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本文介绍了一种利用目的视频制作分析媒体内容视觉感知的方法。许多其他的研究试图分析在叙事语境中的媒体内容与预先存在的电影的知觉。本方法建议根据感兴趣的标准来创建具有叙事结构的视觉内容, 并基于上只是一眨眼速率与查看者的注意9 相连接的建议。为此, 研究人员在观察媒体内容的同时, 在不同的条件下 (编辑风格和媒体专业化) 对参与者的 eyeblinks 进行了比较。</...

此方法的目的
该方法提出了一种检测 eyeblinks 的双协议。其目的是通过使用脑电图记录和高清视频记录系统, 分析观众对媒体内容的视觉感知, 专门为此次调查创建的。
这种方法的发展和/或使用背后的基本原理
每个上只是一眨眼隐藏 150-400毫秒1、2的可视流.闪烁有生理学的3,4,5和心理6,7函数。注意和上只是一眨眼率之间的联系已被研究和证明在不同的研究8。较高的注意力会降低上只是一眨眼率, 根据先前的研究, 人类共享一种机制来控制眨眼的时间, 搜索最佳时刻, 以避免丢失重要的视觉信息9。因此, 分析观众在观看屏幕时的上只是一眨眼行为, 可以提供有关媒体内容关注程度的信息。
一种检测自发性上只是一眨眼率的方法是利用脑电图电极记录电活动。Eyeblinks 可以很容易地检测到前额和 electrooculogram 电极连接到脑电图记录系统。在大多数脑电图分析中, eyeblinks 被认为是工件。因此, 为分析 EEG 数据而设计的许多软件包都有上只是一眨眼检测器10。使用 EEG 检测 eyeblinks 的优点是高时间分辨率 (以毫秒为单位), 以及在与那些 eyeblinks 同步的电影中记录不同叙事和切割的脑部效应的可能性-这是一个可以进一步研究。使用高清照相机录制参与者的脸部也可以用于匹配/对比目的9。
替代方法的优越性与相关研究的借鉴意义
有多种方法来计数眼睛眨眼。一些用于检测闪烁的专用仪器有磁性线圈、红外线 (IR) 光束、具有眼球运动分析的光电运动探测器, 如眼球跟踪技术, 以及基于生物电信号的几种技术,例如,electrooculography (EOG), 肌电图和脑电图。另一个更准确, 但耗时的选项是手动计数从框架帧视频录制11闪烁。今天的技术可以大致分为两组: a) 无接触录音, 包括两种方式, 直接眨眼检测使用计算机视觉和离线眨眼检测使用眼跟踪, b) 基于接触的记录使用通过 EOG 和脑电图设备的生物信号12,13。
眼球跟踪系统是一种广泛应用的技术, 从传统的基于图像的被动设计到目前主要用于高分辨率摄像机的主动近红外方法。后者利用红外光照下的瞳孔反射特性14。现代眼球追踪方法的概念是瞳孔中心角膜反射 (PCCR), 它涉及相机跟踪瞳孔的中心, 光线从角膜反射。然而, 目前还没有为眼球追踪协议发布的闪烁检测算法。此外, 虽然市场上不同的眼球跟踪模型提供了与闪烁检测相集成的软件, 但源代码并非总是由制造商提供, 因此很难修改或了解算法如何工作12。同时, 在眼球跟踪实验中, 还有导致数据丢失的事件, 例如跟踪延迟和显著的头部或凝视动作。在视频捕获中, 眼睛区域非常小, 这是计算眨眼持续时间的一个问题, 有时会引入各种类型的工件15。
本实验采用脑电图和 EOG 方法。脑电图通常不单独用于检测 eyeblinks。然而, 分析脑电电极记录的 eyeblinks 是研究眼睑移位的标准程序。这一过程使研究人员能够准确了解 eyeblinks 发生的时间。检测闪烁的最常见信号模式是峰值点, 表示垂直运动响应。有几种峰值检测算法适用于原始脑电图、时域或频域信号。峰值识别过程包括峰值检测、特征提取和分类。Eyeblinks 对脑电信号的额通道有相当大的影响。通常, 通过使用预先确定的振幅阈值16, 在 EEG 中检测到 eyeblinks。本实验所用分析软件中的算法基于信号的标准偏差和预滤波 EEG 信号的根均方根 (RMS);它们是开源的, 可供科学界17使用。然而, 一些不涉及 eyeblinks 的眼球运动可能会引起可能混淆的电活动。由于这个原因, 第二种方法-记录观众的脸与高清摄像机-允许研究员匹配 eyeblinks 通过手动计数。利用这种双重方法, 研究者实现了一个 eyeblinks 矩阵, 可以很容易地用统计工具进行分析。
因此, 所提出的方法使用两个不同的源进行数据三角化来验证检测到的 eyeblinks。此方法基于浩et指示9进行确认。同时, 它还使研究人员能够收集大脑活动和频带信息, 以便进一步分析。这里描述的实验是更广泛的未来调查的一部分, 对剪辑风格的削减影响枕和前额脑区。
确定方法是否适合调查
该实验协议使观众的 eyeblinks, 同时观看视频内容在三实验条件下进行研究。首先, 使用两种互补技术检测上只是一眨眼率: EEG 和录制的高清视频。在这里, 我们使用20频道的无线脑电图。其次, 建立适应实验的特定刺激, 使研究者能够管理视觉内容的所有变量。在这里, 三视频与相同的叙事, 但不同的视频编辑风格创建。这个故事包括一个走进房间的男人, 坐在办公桌前, 用三个球, 打开一台笔记本电脑, 在一些书上查到一些信息, 在笔记本电脑上打字, 关上它, 吃苹果, 直接看着相机, 离开房间。三视频刺激最后198s 每个。第一个是一拍的电影;第二个被编辑了根据古典好莱坞样式规则与33不同的射击;第三个是按照 MTV 风格的规则编辑的, 有79张照片。第四刺激也被提出在其中叙述是相同的, 但格式是真正的代表与演员而不是录影。这第四非视频刺激在最初的编辑风格差异的研究中没有使用, 但在不同的调查中用于比较实际表示法和屏蔽媒体8之间的上只是一眨眼率差异。第三, 不同的参与者组根据他们以前在视频分析中的专长进行选择。目的是确定不同的上只是一眨眼率的主题组观看相同的视觉刺激。在这种情况下, 40 名受试者参加了调查。其中半数为媒体专业人员 (16 男4女; 年龄30-56 岁, 平均年龄44.15 ±7.15 岁), 其余为非媒体专业人员 (15 名男性, 5 名女性; 年龄28-56 岁, 平均年龄43.25 岁)。选择媒体专业人员的标准是6年以上的工作经验, 在与媒体编辑相关的日常工作中作出决定。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1126">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:276px;">EEG Device</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">Neurolectrics</td>
			<td style="width:344px;">Enobio 20 EEG/EMG system&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Ag/AgCl Electrodes</td>
			<td>Neuroelectrics</td>
			<td>[NE022b] GelTrode</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Recording EEG software</td>
			<td>Neuroelectrics</td>
			<td>NicOffline software</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">HD-video camera</td>
			<td>Sony Corporation&#160;</td>
			<td>Sony HDR-GW55VE</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Syringe</td>
			<td>Monoject</td>
			<td>Monoject 412, curved tip syringe, 50/box</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:276px;">Saline electrode EMG gel</td>
			<td>Signa-Gel</td>
			<td>X32-204: Signa Gel</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Visual Stimuli Presentation Software</td>
			<td>Paradigm Stimulus Presentation</td>
			<td>Perception Research System Incorporated</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="50">
			<td height="50" style="height:51px;">EEG software analysis</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Montreal Neurological Institute</td>
			<td>Brainstorm3</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">EEG software analysis</td>
			<td>The MathWorks Inc.</td>
			<td>MATLAB 2013b</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">TV for video presentation</td>
			<td>Panasonic Corporation</td>
			<td>PanasonicTH- 42PZ70EA&#160; - 50&#34;</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">PC for presenting stimuli</td>
			<td>MacBook Air</td>
			<td>Year 2013, running Mac OSX Mountain Lion</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">PC for recording stimuli</td>
			<td>MacBook&#160;</td>
			<td>Year 2009 running Windows 7</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">With a bootcamp partition of the disk for providing Windows OS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Statistical Analysis</td>
			<td>Systat Software Inc.</td>
			<td>Sigmaplot 11.0&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

using electroencephalography measurements and high-quality video recording for analyzing visual perception of media content

本文探讨了一种检测人类视觉知觉差异的方法。所使用的方法是基于 eyeblinks 的心理 (或 "认知") 功能。在观看专门为调查创建的视频时, 检测并获取参与者的 eyeblinks。在20通道脑电图 (EEG) 无线设备的帮助下, 对 eyeblinks 进行了检测和采集。国际10-20 系统为电极安置被跟随了。高清晰度 (HD) 摄像机用于记录参与者的面部表情, 以进行对比。除了使用预先存在的媒体内容之外, 还根据调查的特定标准创建了专门制作的视频内容, 并通过刺激使研究人员能够管理感兴趣的精确参数。否则, 结果可能被不受控制的变量所污染。视频刺激的呈现与脑电图记录的同步需要以毫秒为单位进行。对采集的数据进行分析, 用健壮的软件对大矩阵进行处理。与媒体专业化和编辑风格相关的上只是一眨眼率差异有统计学意义, 并与实验程序进行了比较。

运用本文所介绍的程序, 分析了40名观众观看三部不同视频电影时的上只是一眨眼率。对于媒体专业化的比较分析, 有一半的参与者是媒体专业人士。他们是根据至少6年的工作经验, 在作出有关媒体编辑和视听削减的决策的标准。对于编辑风格的比较分析, 三视频的刺激是用完全相同的叙事, 但不同的编辑风格来创建的。一个是一次性电影, 一枪开着, 没有相机动作。另一种?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using Electroencephalography Measurements and High-quality Video Recording for Analyzing Visual Perception of Media Content at JoVE.com

Using Electroencephalography Measurements and High-quality Video Recording for Analyzing Visual Perception of Media Content

利用脑电图测量和高质量视频记录分析媒体内容的视觉感知

我们在观看媒体内容的同时, 对上只是一眨眼率进行检测、获取和分析。

This article explores a method to detect differences in visual perception in humans. The method used is based on the psychological (or "cognitive") ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Best Current Practice for Obtaining High Quality EEG Data During Simultaneous fMRI

获得高质量的脑电数据在同步功能磁共振成像的当前最佳实践

Simultaneous  EEG-fMRI allows the excellent temporal resolution of EEG to be combined with the  high spatial accuracy of fMRI. The data  from these two ...

科研

行为学

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography EEG, Electromyography EMG, and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

同时头皮脑电图（EEG），肌电图（EMG）和全身分部惯性录制多模态神经解码

Recent  studies support the involvement of supraspinal networks in control of bipedal  human walking. Part of this evidence  encompasses studies, ...

Contextual and Cued Fear Conditioning Test Using a Video Analyzing System in Mice

背景和线索恐惧制约试验小鼠中使用视频分析系统

The contextual and cued fear conditioning test is one of the behavioral tests that assesses the ability of mice to learn and remember an association ...

Automated Visual Cognitive Tasks for Recording Neural Activity Using a Floor Projection Maze

使用地面投影迷宫自动化视觉认知任务记录神经活动

Neuropsychological tasks used in primates to investigate mechanisms of learning and memory are typically visually guided cognitive tasks. We have ...

Combined Shuttle-Box Training with Electrophysiological Cortex Recording and Stimulation as a Tool to Study Perception and Learning

联合穿梭盒子训练与电的Cortex记录和刺激作为一种工具来研究感知和学习

Shuttle-box avoidance learning is a well-established method in behavioral neuroscience and experimental setups were traditionally custom-made; the ...

Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks

利用脑电图测量任务特定神经效率的比较：空间智能任务

Spatial intelligence is often linked to success in engineering education and engineering professions. The use of electroencephalography enables ...

Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS)

Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation tACS

并行脑电图记录在经颅交流电刺激（TACS）

Oscillatory brain activities are considered to reflect the basis of rhythmic changes in transmission efficacy across brain networks and are assumed to ...

Implantation and Recording of Wireless Electroretinogram and Visual Evoked Potential in Conscious Rats

植入和无线电图记录和视觉诱发电位清醒大鼠

The full-field electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) are useful tools to assess retinal and visual pathway integrity in both ...

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

利用视觉刺激技术评价小鼠视力

The visual system in the central nervous system processes diverse visual signals. Although the overall structure has been characterized from the retina ...

A Methodology for Capturing Joint Visual Attention Using Mobile Eye-Trackers

使用移动眼动追踪器捕捉联合视觉注意力的方法

With the advent of new technological advances, it is possible to study social interactions at a microlevel with unprecedented accuracy. High frequency ...