Name: construction of an improved multi-tetrode hyperdrive for large-scale neural recording in behaving rats
Uploaded: 2018-05-09T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Construction of an Improved Multi-Tetrode Hyperdrive for Large-Scale Neural Recording in Behaving Rats at JoVE.com

Vi tackar Moser labbet på Kavli Institutet för system neurovetenskap och centrum för Neural uträkning, norska universitetet för vetenskap och teknik, för den kroniska neurala inspelning förfaranden hos råttor. Detta arbete stöds av NIH grant R21 NS098146 och Human Frontier Science Program långsiktiga gemenskap LT000211/2016-L till L. Lu.

1. Stereolithography av 3D-modeller
<ol><li>Använda stereolithographic tekniker för att skriva ut hyperdrive delar och tillbehör. Varje hyperdrive består av arton skyttlar, arton transferservice bultar, och en vardera av alla andra plast bitar (figur 1). Obs: Tillbehör ingår inte i hyperdrift men är nödvändiga för hyperdrive konstruktion.</li>
</ol>2. beredning av tillbehör (figur 2).
<ol><li>
Beredning av microd...

<ol>
	<li>O'Keefe, J., Recce, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phase+relationship+between+hippocampal+place+units+and+the+EEG+theta+rhythm.">Phase relationship between hippocampal place units and the EEG theta rhythm.</a> Hippocampus. 3 (3), 317-330 (1993).</li><li>Wilson, M. A., McNaughton, B. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamics+of+the+hippocampal+ensemble+code+for+space.">Dynamics of the hippocampal ensemble code for space.</a> Science. 261 (5124), 1055-1058 (1993).</li><li>Gothard, K. M., Skaggs, W. E., Moore, K. M., McNaughton, B. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Binding+of+hippocampal+CA1+neural+activity+to+multiple+reference+frames+in+a+landmark-based+navigation+task.">Binding of hippocampal CA1 neural activity to multiple reference frames in a landmark-based navigation task.</a> J Neurosci. 16 (2), 823-835 (1996).</li><li>Gray, C. M., Maldonado, P. E., Wilson, M., McNaughton, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tetrodes+markedly+improve+the+reliability+and+yield+of+multiple+single-unit+isolation+from+multi-unit+recordings+in+cat+striate+cortex.">Tetrodes markedly improve the reliability and yield of multiple single-unit isolation from multi-unit recordings in cat striate cortex.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 63 (1-2), 43-54 (1995).</li><li>Buzsaki, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+recording+of+neuronal+ensembles.">Large-scale recording of neuronal ensembles.</a> Nat Neurosci. 7 (5), 446-451 (2004).</li><li>Fyhn, M., Hafting, T., Witter, M. P., Moser, E. I., Moser, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Grid+cells+in+mice.">Grid cells in mice.</a> Hippocampus. 18 (12), 1230-1238 (2008).</li><li>Skaggs, W. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=EEG+sharp+waves+and+sparse+ensemble+unit+activity+in+the+macaque+hippocampus.">EEG sharp waves and sparse ensemble unit activity in the macaque hippocampus.</a> J Neurophysiol. 98 (2), 898-910 (2007).</li><li>Guo, P., Pollack, A. J., Varga, A. G., Martin, J. P., Ritzmann, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracellular+wire+tetrode+recording+in+brain+of+freely+walking+insects.">Extracellular wire tetrode recording in brain of freely walking insects.</a> J Vis Exp. (86), (2014).</li><li>Knierim, J. J., McNaughton, B. L., Poe, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+spatial+selectivity+of+hippocampal+neurons+during+space+flight.">Three-dimensional spatial selectivity of hippocampal neurons during space flight.</a> Nat Neurosci. 3 (3), 209-210 (2000).</li><li>Leutgeb, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Independent+codes+for+spatial+and+episodic+memory+in+hippocampal+neuronal+ensembles.">Independent codes for spatial and episodic memory in hippocampal neuronal ensembles.</a> Science. 309 (5734), 619-623 (2005).</li><li>Lansink, C. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+split+microdrive+for+simultaneous+multi-electrode+recordings+from+two+brain+areas+in+awake+small+animals.">A split microdrive for simultaneous multi-electrode recordings from two brain areas in awake small animals.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 162 (1-2), 129-138 (2007).</li><li>Kloosterman, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micro-drive+array+for+chronic+in+vivo+recording:+drive+fabrication.">Micro-drive array for chronic in vivo recording: drive fabrication.</a> J Vis Exp. (26), (2009).</li><li>. Google Patents Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/patents/US5928143">https://www.google.com/patents/US5928143</a> (1999)</li><li>Redish, A. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Independence+of+firing+correlates+of+anatomically+proximate+hippocampal+pyramidal+cells.">Independence of firing correlates of anatomically proximate hippocampal pyramidal cells.</a> J Neurosci. 21 (5), RC134 (2001).</li><li>Schmitzer-Torbert, N., Redish, A. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuronal+activity+in+the+rodent+dorsal+striatum+in+sequential+navigation:+separation+of+spatial+and+reward+responses+on+the+multiple+T+task.">Neuronal activity in the rodent dorsal striatum in sequential navigation: separation of spatial and reward responses on the multiple T task.</a> J Neurophysiol. 91 (5), 2259-2272 (2004).</li><li>Nguyen, D. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micro-drive+array+for+chronic+in+vivo+recording:+tetrode+assembly.">Micro-drive array for chronic in vivo recording: tetrode assembly.</a> J Vis Exp. (26), (2009).</li><li>Chang, E. H., Frattini, S. A., Robbiati, S., Huerta, P. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Construction+of+microdrive+arrays+for+chronic+neural+recordings+in+awake+behaving+mice.">Construction of microdrive arrays for chronic neural recordings in awake behaving mice.</a> J Vis Exp. (77), e50470 (2013).</li><li>Vandecasteele, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+recording+of+neurons+by+movable+silicon+probes+in+behaving+rodents.">Large-scale recording of neurons by movable silicon probes in behaving rodents.</a> J Vis Exp. (61), e3568 (2012).</li><li>Siegle, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronically+implanted+hyperdrive+for+cortical+recording+and+optogenetic+control+in+behaving+mice.">Chronically implanted hyperdrive for cortical recording and optogenetic control in behaving mice.</a> Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011, 7529-7532 (2011).</li><li>Brunetti, P. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design+and+fabrication+of+ultralight+weight,+adjustable+multi-electrode+probes+for+electrophysiological+recordings+in+mice.">Design and fabrication of ultralight weight, adjustable multi-electrode probes for electrophysiological recordings in mice.</a> J Vis Exp. (91), e51675 (2014).</li><li>. Google Patents Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/patents/US4575330">https://www.google.com/patents/US4575330</a> (1986)</li><li>Ludvig, N., Potter, P. E., Fox, S. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+single-cell+recording+and+microdialysis+within+the+same+brain+site+in+freely+behaving+rats:+a+novel+neurobiological+method.">Simultaneous single-cell recording and microdialysis within the same brain site in freely behaving rats: a novel neurobiological method.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 55 (1), 31-40 (1994).</li></ol>

Här beskriver vi processen för att bygga en nyutvecklad hyperdrive består av arton självständigt rörliga tetrodes. Enheten kan konstrueras från prisvärda delar köpt på många tillgängliga järnaffärer, kombinerat med komponenter som skapats av stereolithographic utskrift. Hyperdrift kroniskt kan implanteras på en råttas skalle använder standard kirurgiska ingrepp och är skicklig av inspelningen extracellulära neural aktivitet medan djuret utför olika beteendemässiga uppgifter.
<p class="jove_conten...

I fältet för system neurovetenskap studerar forskare de neurala korrelat underliggande kognitiva processer såsom spatial navigering, minne och beslutsfattande. För dessa typer av studier är det viktigt att övervaka aktiviteten hos många enskilda nervceller under djurens beteende. Under de senaste decennierna, har två viktiga framsteg gjorts för de experimentella behov för extracellulära neurala inspelning i smådjur1,2,3. Först var utvecklingen av tetrode, en bunt av fyra microwires som används för att registrera neurala aktiviteten hos nervceller samtidigt1,2,4. De Differentiella signaler amplituderna för verksamhet i de fyra kanalerna av en tetrod tillåter för isolering av individuella neuron aktivitet från många samtidigt inspelade celler5. Flexibiliteten i microwires kan dessutom större stabilitet av den tetrod minimera relativa förskjutningen mellan tetrod och cell målpopulationen. Tetrodes används nu allmänt i stället för en enda elektrod för många hjärnan studier i olika arter, inklusive gnagare1,2,6, primater7och insekter8. Det andra var utvecklingen av en hyperdrive redovisade flera självständigt rörliga tetrodes, vilket möjliggör samtidig övervakning av neural aktivitet från större populationer av nervceller från flera inspelning platser3, 9,10,11,12.
Tillgången på pålitlig och prisvärd multi tetrod registreringsanordning för små djur är begränsad. Den klassiska hyperdrive, ursprungligen utvecklat av Bruce McNaughton13, har använts framgångsrikt för neurala inspelningar i fritt bete råtta i många laboratorier i de förgångna två årtiondena9,10,14, 15. men av tekniska skäl, de ursprungliga komponenter som behövs för att bygga McNaughton enheten är nu mycket svårt att få och är inte kompatibla med nyligen förbättrad datagränssnitt förvärv. Andra väl accepterade utformningen av hyperdrive kräver den Microdrive-kort att vara individuellt handgjorda, som kunde ge motsägande resultat och konsumera avsevärd tid12. För att registrera neural aktivitet från olika regioner i hjärnan i beter sig råttor, utvecklat vi en ny hyperdrive med stereolithographic teknik. Vi försökte uppfylla följande krav: (1) det nya hyperdrift måste exakt förskjutning av tetrodes i hjärnan och ge stabil inspelning från flera mål regioner; (2) nya hyperdrive måste vara kompatibel med magnetiska quickclip systemet nyligen utvecklats för att tillåta enkel anslutning; och (3) det nya hyperdrift kan återskapas korrekt med material som är lätt tillgängliga. Här ger vi en teknik för att bygga upp de 3D-printable hyperdrive som innehåller arton självständigt rörliga tetrodes, baserat på McNaughton utformningen. I protokollet, vi beskriva detaljerna i tillverkningsprocessen av den nya hyperdrive, som vi har använt framgångsrikt att spela singel-neuron handlingspänningar och lokala fältet potentialer från de postrhinal och mediala entorhinal cortices under veckorna i ett fritt beter sig råtta under naturliga födosökande uppgifter.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Welding rod</td>
			<td>Blue Demon</td>
			<td>ER308L-035-01T</td>
			<td>Stainless steel, 0.035&#34; in diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Screw</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>91771A060</td>
			<td>Stainless steel, flat head, 0-80&#160;thread,&#160;5/8&#34;&#160;in length</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Screw</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>91772A051</td>
			<td>Stainless steel, pan head, 0-80&#160;thread,&#160;5/32&#34;&#160;in length</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Screw</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>92196A056</td>
			<td>Stainless steel, socket head, 0-80&#160;thread,&#160;5/16&#34;&#160;in length</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Screw</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>92196A055</td>
			<td>Stainless steel, socket head, 0-80&#160;thread,&#160;1/4&#34;&#160;in length</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Screw</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>95868A131</td>
			<td>Nylon,&#160; socket head, 2-56&#160;thread,&#160;3/16&#34;&#160;in length, black</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Screw nut</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>90730A001</td>
			<td>Stainless steel, narrow hex,&#160; 0-80&#160;thread</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Shoulder screw</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>90298A213</td>
			<td>Stainless steel, 8-32 thread, 3/16&#34; in diameter, 1/4&#34; in length</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cup screw</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>92313A105</td>
			<td>Stainless steel, 4-40 thread, 3/16&#34; in length</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thumb screw</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>94323A592</td>
			<td>Nylon, 8-32&#160;thread,&#160;3/8&#34;&#160;in length, black</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnet</td>
			<td>Apex</td>
			<td>M3X1MMDI</td>
			<td>Neodymium, 3 mm X 1 mm disc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metal tubing</td>
			<td>Small Parts</td>
			<td>B00137QHNS</td>
			<td>Stainless steel, 23 gauge, 0.0253&#34; OD, 0.013&#34; ID, 0.006&#34; wall</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metal tubing</td>
			<td>New England Small Tube</td>
			<td>Custom-made</td>
			<td>Stainless steel, 30 gauge, 0.012/0.0125&#34; OD, 0.007/0.008&#34; ID, full hard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heat-shrink tubing</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>7856K72</td>
			<td>0.09&#34; ID before shrinking, blue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silicone tubing</td>
			<td>A-M Systems</td>
			<td>807300</td>
			<td>0.040&#34; ID, 0.085&#34; OD</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyimide tubing</td>
			<td>A-M Systems</td>
			<td>823400</td>
			<td>0.0045&#34; ID, 0.0005&#34; wall</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ground wire</td>
			<td>A-M Systems</td>
			<td>791500</td>
			<td>0.005&#34; bare, 0.008&#34; coated, half hard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tetrode wire</td>
			<td>California Fine Wire</td>
			<td>Custom-made</td>
			<td>0.0007&#34; in diameter, platinum-iridium (90%-10%), HML and VG coating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EIB</td>
			<td>Neuralynx</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>EIB-72-QC-Large</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold pins</td>
			<td>Neuralynx</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>large EIB pins</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tap</td>
			<td>Balax</td>
			<td>01302-000</td>
			<td>M1.2 thread size</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tap</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>2522A811</td>
			<td>0-80 thread size, bottoming</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tap</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>2522A771</td>
			<td>0-80 thread size, plug</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tap</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>26955A94</td>
			<td>3/8&#34;-24&#160;thread size, bottoming</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tap</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>2522A713</td>
			<td>2-56&#160;thread size</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tap</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>2522A715</td>
			<td>4-40&#160;thread size</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tap</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>2522A718</td>
			<td>8-32&#160;thread size</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Die</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>2576A457</td>
			<td>3/8&#34;-24&#160;thread size, 1&#34; OD</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drill bit</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>30585A82</td>
			<td>Wire gauge&#160;65,&#160;0.035&#34; in diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drill bit</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>30585A83</td>
			<td>Wire gauge&#160;66,&#160;0.033&#34; in diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drill bit</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>30585A87</td>
			<td>Wire gauge&#160;70,&#160;0.028&#34; in diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drill bit</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>30585A88</td>
			<td>Wire gauge&#160;71,&#160;0.026&#34; in diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drill bit</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>30585A91</td>
			<td>Wire gauge&#160;73,&#160;0.024&#34; in diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drill bit</td>
			<td>McMaster</td>
			<td>8870A23</td>
			<td>3/16&#34;&#160;in diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dremel disc</td>
			<td>Wagner</td>
			<td>31M</td>
			<td>Diamond coated, 22 mm in diameter, 0.17 mm in thickness</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Steel wire</td>
			<td>Precision Brand</td>
			<td>21212</td>
			<td>0.012&#34; in diameter, full hard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Steel wire</td>
			<td>Precision Brand</td>
			<td>21007</td>
			<td>0.007&#34; in diameter, full hard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Steel wire</td>
			<td>A-M Systems</td>
			<td>792700</td>
			<td>0.003&#34; in diameter, half hard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Super glue</td>
			<td>Loctite</td>
			<td>LT-40640</td>
			<td># 406</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Super glue</td>
			<td>Loctite</td>
			<td>LT-41550</td>
			<td># 415</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dental acrylic powder&#160;</td>
			<td>Teets</td>
			<td>223-3773</td>
			<td>Coral</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dental acrylic liquid</td>
			<td>Teets</td>
			<td>223-4003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

construction of an improved multi-tetrode hyperdrive for large-scale neural recording in behaving rats

Övervaka aktivitetsmönster i en stor population av nervceller över många dagar i vaket djur är en värdefull teknik inom system neurovetenskap. En viktig del av denna teknik består av exakt placering av flera elektroder in önskad hjärnregioner och underhåll av deras stabilitet. Här beskriver vi ett protokoll för byggandet av en 3D-printable hyperdrive, vilket inkluderar arton självständigt justerbar tetrodes, och är särskilt utformad för in vivo extracellulära neurala inspelning i fritt bete råtta. De tetrodes som bifogats den Microdrive-kort kan antingen vara individuellt avancerade i flera hjärnregioner längs spåret, eller kan användas för att placera en array av elektroder i ett mindre område. De flera tetrodes möjliggör samtidig undersökning av action potentials från dussintals enskilda nervceller, liksom lokala fältet potentialer från populationer av nervceller i hjärnan under aktiva beteende. Dessutom ger designen för enklare 3D drafting programvara som kan lätt ändras för olika experimentella behov.

En nybyggd hyperdrive använde vi för att få prov resultaten. Enheten var utrustad med tetrodes tillverkad av ø 17 µm (0.0007 ”), polyimid-belagd platina-iridium (90% - 10%) tråd. Tips av tetrodes var klädd i platina svart lösning att minska elektrod impedanser till mellan 100 och 200 kΩ vid 1 kHz. Hyperdrift var implanteras 4.6 mm vänster om mittlinjen och 0,5 mm främre tvärgående sinus på skallen av en 550 g, manliga lång-Evans råtta. Ytterligare marken ledningar var an...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Construction of an Improved Multi-Tetrode Hyperdrive for Large-Scale Neural Recording in Behaving Rats at JoVE.com

Construction of an Improved Multi-Tetrode Hyperdrive for Large-Scale Neural Recording in Behaving Rats

Vi presenterar byggandet av en 3D-printable hyperdrive med arton självständigt justerbar tetrodes. Hyperdrift är utformad för att registrera hjärnans aktivitet i fritt bete råtta under en period av flera veckor.

Byggandet av en förbättrad multi tetrod Hyperdrive för storskaliga neurala inspelning i beter sig råttor

Monitoring the activity patterns of a large population of neurons over many days in awake animals is a valuable technique in the field of systems ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to construct a recording device with multiple independently adjustable electrodes for the examination of brain activity in freely behaving rats. So this method is very exciting because it will help answer several questions related to special navigation, decision making, and other cognitive processes. The main advantage of this hyperdrive is that it provides reliable neuro recording in the brain using materials that are easy to obtain.Although this method was designed to be used specifically with rats, it can be used with any species of similar or larger head sizes such as non-human primates, thereby allowing investigations of many species. Those new to this method might struggle with the nuance involved in the preparation of the steps cause there's a certain level of experience and accuracy that's required to develop these tricks that can make a successful drive. Begin by expanding the holes in the 3D printed core using different sized drill bits.Use a diameter of 0.61 millimeter for the 12 ground wire through holes. For the 18 tetrode through holes, first use a 0.66 millimeter bit and then widen with a 0.71 millimeter bit. A 0.84 millimeter diameter bit is used for the 18 guide rod blind holes.Next, thread the two through holes on top of the core and the remaining eight blind holes with a 0.80 tap. Use a bottoming tap for the blind holes. Create external threads at the base of the core using a 3/8-24 die.Adjust the die properly so the hyperdrive nut will fit over the new threads. Depending on the desired number of ground wires, insert multiple six millimeter long segments of 23 gauge metal tubing into the ground wire holes in the core gluing them if necessary. File the outer ends of the ground wire cannulas until they are flushed with the core and then clean the cannulas with a 0.30 millimeter diameter steel wire.Next, fully insert 18 08015.88 millimeter long flathead screws head down into the slots in the core. Do not bend the screws or damage the threads during this process. Using the rod positioning complex into the core station, position 18 17 millimeter segments of 0.89 millimeter diameter welding rod over the guide rod holes in the core and hammer them down about five millimeters until flushed with the screws.Correct the positions of the welding rods and screws if necessary then tighten the central shoulder screw and the surrounding six screws in the rod positioning complex to secure the outward directions of the rods in the core. Screw the nut onto the core with the rod positioning complex and fit the core into the hyperdrive holder to allow easier positioning under a stereoscope. Fill the slots with dilute dental cement to secure the screws to the core.Fill two to three slots at a time before the dental cement gets too thick. Scrape away any excess dental cement on the core to maintain a proper fit with the shield then allow to air dry for 15 minutes. Next, glue the screws and rods into the core with thin super glue and allow to dry for 15 minutes.Clean and expand the two outer holes in the 3D printed shuttle with drill bits. Use a 0.61 millimeter diameter bit for the smaller hole and a 0.89 millimeter bit for the larger hole. Insert the shuttle bolt into the bolt holder base ensuring the proper orientation.Then close the bolt holder lid. Hold the bolt holder tightly and thread slowly through the hole in the lid with a 0.80 tap. Tap two or three times until smooth.Then insert the shuttle bolt into the shuttle from the side with the smaller opening. Place the shuttle-shuttle bolt complex upside down in the microdrive assembly station base. Next, smooth both ends of a 15 millimeter segment of 23 gauge metal tubing, then position the tubing over the 0.61 millimeter diameter hole guided by the slot in the station lid.Hammer the cannula into the hole until the upper end is flushed with the station lid. Remove the outer half of the upper tip of the cannula with a sanding wheel. Clean the cannula with a 0.30 millimeter diameter metal wire.Then glue the cannula onto the shuttle using thin super glue making sure not to glue the shuttle bolts to the shuttle. Prepare at least 18 microdrives. Test the microdrives on the microdrive rack.Make sure that the shuttle bolt can rotate smoothly in the shuttle and that the entire microdrive moves freely along the length of the threaded rod. To insert guide cannulas into the hyperdrive core, begin by removing the heat shrink tubes and slide a four millimeter segment of silicone tubing along the bundle to the soldered-unsoldered border. Wedge the slit in the hyperdrive spacer to widen the central hole allowing the spacer to slip around the silicone tube.Remove the wedge when the spacer sits at the center of the silicone tube. Next, organize the positions of the guide cannulas in the bundle by placing 10 centimeter long segments of 0.18 millimeter diameter metal wire through each cannula into a specific tetrode hole in the hyperdrive core preventing any crossover of the wires or cannulas in the process. Bend the end of the wires to hold them in place.Push the cannulas through their respective holes in the core being careful to avoid bending or crossing between them until the free end of each cannula is at least two millimeters outside the upper end of the tetrode hole. Secure the spacer by screwing the nut onto the core being careful to prevent the spacer from rotating. Apply a drop of very dilute dental cement from the top of the core onto the junction of the cannulas to secure their relative positions.Cut the guide wires from the soldered end of the bundle and remove them from the cannulas by retracting from the free end. Load the microdrives slowly and carefully onto each threaded rod of the core. Confirm that the 23 gauge microdrive cannula goes into the tetrode hole smoothly, the 30 gauge guide cannula goes into the 23 gauge microdrive cannula smoothly, and the shuttle bolt turn smoothly along the threaded rod.Screw the microdrives down to one to 1.5 millimeters above the lower end of the threaded rods. Then cut 18 pieces of polyamide tubing into 43 millimeter segments which is the length of the guide cannula bundle plus seven millimeters. Clean each tube with a 0.8 millimeter diameter steel wire.Invert the core, insert the polyamide tubes carefully into the guide cannulas from the soldered end and push them all the way in. Then flip the core upright and glue the upper end of the polyamide tube onto the microdrive cannula with thick super glue. Place the core upside down and let the glue dry for 15 minutes.After drying, cut the extra polyamide tubing at the upper end leaving 0.5 to one millimeter outside the microdrive cannula. To assemble the ground wires, first cut lengths of 25 to 30 millimeters from coated steel wire. Then strip two millimeters of the plastic insulation from both tips of the wires and insert one end of each into both sides of a six to eight millimeter long 30 gauge cannula.Flatten this end of each cannula to secure the connection to their respective wires. Finally, insert the round end of the 30 gauge cannula into the upper end of the ground wire cannula in the core and press to make the insertion tight. Then complete assembly of the multi-tetrode hyperdrive according to the instructions in the written protocol.This scatter plot shows the relationship between peak to peak amplitudes of spikes recorded from two electrodes of a tetrode located in the post rhinal cortex. Each dot corresponds to one spike. Clusters of spikes are likely to originate from the same cell.Four clusters are color coded as seen here. The mean spike waveforms from all four tetrode channels of the color coded cells shown in the previous scatter plot are seen here. Traces of local field potential in the theta frequency range recorded simultaneously from four different tetrodes located in the medial entorhinal cortex when the rat was freely foraging are seen here.While attempting this procedure, it's important to work with precision throughout the entire procedure to ensure that all parts fit together properly. Also use care and wear proper PPE when working with the demo tool to avoid injury. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to construct these improved hyperdrives carrying multiple tetrodes for chronic neuro recordings in behaving rats.

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Design and Construction of a Cost Effective Headstage for Simultaneous Neural Stimulation and Recording in the Water Maze

Design och konstruktion av en kostnadseffektiv Headstage för samtidig nervstimulering och inspelning i Water Maze

Headstage preamplifiers and source followers are commonly used to study neural activity in behavioral neurophysiology experiments. Available commercial ...

Recording Large-scale Neuronal Ensembles with Silicon Probes in the Anesthetized Rat

Inspelning Storskaliga Neuronal Ensembler med Silicon Sonder i sövd Rat

Large scale electrophysiological recordings from neuronal ensembles offer the opportunity to investigate how the brain orchestrates the wide variety of ...

Large-scale Recording of Neurons by Movable Silicon Probes in Behaving Rodents

Storskalig inspelning av nervceller av lös Silicon sönder i Agera Gnagare

A major challenge in neuroscience is linking behavior to the collective activity of neural assemblies. Understanding of input-output relationships of ...

Preparation of an Awake Mouse for Recording Neural Responses and Injecting Tracers

Beredning av ett Awake mus för inspelning Neural svar och injicera Spårämnen

It is well known that anesthesia alters neural response properties in various regions of the brain.13.  In the auditory system, fundamental response ...

Design and Assembly of an Ultra-light Motorized Microdrive for Chronic Neural Recordings in Small Animals

Konstruktion och montering av en Motoriserad Ultralätt Microdrive för kronisk neurala inspelningar i små djur

The ability to chronically record from populations of neurons in freely behaving animals has proven an invaluable tool for dissecting the function of ...

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust (Schistocerca Americana) Olfactory Circuits

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust Schistocerca Americana Olfactory Circuits

Multi-enhet inspelning Metoder för att karaktärisera neural aktivitet i Locust (<em&gt; Schistocerca Americana</em&gt;) Olfactory kretsar

Detection and interpretation of olfactory cues are critical for the survival  of many organisms. Remarkably, species across phyla have strikingly similar ...

Neural Circuit Recording from an Intact Cockroach Nervous System

Neural Circuit Spela in från en Intakt kackerlacka Nervsystemet

The cockroach ventral nerve cord preparation is a tractable system for neuroethology experiments, neural network modeling, and testing the physiological ...

Electrophysiological Method for Recording Intracellular Voltage Responses of Drosophila Photoreceptors and Interneurons to Light Stimuli In Vivo

Electrophysiological Method for Recording Intracellular Voltage Responses of Drosophila Photoreceptors and Interneurons to Light Stimuli In Vivo

Elektro Metod för inspelning Intracellulärt Spännings svar av<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Fotoreceptorer och Intern på ljusstimuli<em&gt; In Vivo</em

Voltage responses of insect photoreceptors and visual interneurons can be accurately recorded with conventional sharp microelectrodes. The method ...

Recording Spatially Restricted Oscillations in the Hippocampus of Behaving Mice

Inspelning rumsligt begränsade svängningar i Hippocampus av beter sig möss

The local field potential (LFP) emerges from ion movements across neural membranes. Since the voltage recorded by LFP electrodes reflects the summed ...