Name: a protein microarray assay for serological determination of antigen-specific antibody responses following clostridium difficile infection
Uploaded: 2018-06-15T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection at JoVE.com

Cette recherche a été financée par une bourse Hermes à Ola Negm et Tanya Monaghan et grâce à un financement séparé depuis le Centre de maladies digestives de Nottingham et NIHR Nottingham digestif maladies Centre de recherches biomédicales.

1. préparer une plaque de Microarray
<ol><li>Diluer les antigènes de c. difficile avec un tampon d’impression [PBS-Tween-tréhalose (50 mM)] à la concentration optimale (qui a été prédéfinie avant d’exécuter le sérum du patient) : toxines A (200 µg/mL) et B (100 µg/mL), pCDTb (200 µg/mL) et natif de purifiée SLPs ensemble dérivé ribotypes 001, 002 et 027 (200 µg/mL). Remarque : La toxine B proviennent d’une toxine B exprimant la souche CCUG 20309 (90 µg/mL).<ol>
<li>Diluer les contr...

<ol>
	<li>Negm, O. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Profiling+humoral+immune+responses+to+Clostridium+difficile.-specific+antigens+by+protein+microarray+analysis.">Profiling humoral immune responses to Clostridium difficile.-specific antigens by protein microarray analysis.</a> Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 22 (9), 1033-1039 (2015).</li><li>Monaghan, T. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+prevalence+of+subclass-specific+binding+and+neutralizing+antibodies+against+Clostridium+difficile.+toxins+in+adult+cystic+fibrosis+sera:+possible+mode+of+immunoprotection+against+symptomatic+C.+difficile+infection.">High prevalence of subclass-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies against Clostridium difficile. toxins in adult cystic fibrosis sera: possible mode of immunoprotection against symptomatic C. difficile infection.</a> Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology. 10, 169-175 (2017).</li><li>Negm, O. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+antibodies+against+Clostridium+difficile.+are+present+in+intravenous+immunoglobulin+and+are+retained+in+humans+following+its+administration.">Protective antibodies against Clostridium difficile. are present in intravenous immunoglobulin and are retained in humans following its administration.</a> Clinical &amp; Experimental Immunology. 188 (3), 437-443 (2017).</li><li>Monaghan, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=OC-058+A+protein+microarray+assay+for+predicting+severe+outcomes+in+Clostridium+difficile+infection.">OC-058 A protein microarray assay for predicting severe outcomes in Clostridium difficile infection.</a> Gut. 66, 31 (2017).</li><li>Bacon, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunoglobulin+G+directed+against+toxins+A+and+B+of+Clostridium+difficile+in+the+general+population+and+patients+with+antibiotic-associated+diarrhea.">Immunoglobulin G directed against toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile in the general population and patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea.</a> Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 18 (4), 205-209 (1994).</li><li>Viscidi, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serum+antibody+response+to+toxins+A+and+B+of+Clostridium+difficile.">Serum antibody response to toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile.</a> The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 148 (1), 93-100 (1983).</li><li>Salcedo, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intravenous+immunoglobulin+therapy+for+severe+Clostridium+difficile+colitis.">Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for severe Clostridium difficile colitis.</a> Gut. 41 (3), 366-370 (1997).</li><li>Abougergi, M. 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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serum+anti-toxin+B+antibody+correlates+with+protection+from+recurrent+Clostridium+difficile+infection+(CDI).">Serum anti-toxin B antibody correlates with protection from recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).</a> Vaccine. 28 (4), 965-969 (2010).</li><li>Drudy, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+antibody+response+to+surface+layer+proteins+in+Clostridium+difficile+infection.">Human antibody response to surface layer proteins in Clostridium difficile infection.</a> FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology. 41 (3), 237-242 (2004).</li><li>Bauer, M. P., Nibbering, P. H., Poxton, I. R., Kuijper, E. J., van Dissel, J. 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H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bezlotoxumab+for+prevention+of+recurrent+Clostridium+difficile+infection.">Bezlotoxumab for prevention of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection.</a> The New England Journal of Medicine. 376 (4), 305-317 (2017).</li><li>Leuzzi, R., Adamo, R., Scarselli, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vaccines+against+Clostridium+difficile.">Vaccines against Clostridium difficile.</a> Human Vaccines &amp; Immunotherapeutics. 10 (6), 1466-1477 (2014).</li><li>Ghose, C., Kelly, C. 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Dans ce protocole, nous avons montré que « microarray » est une plate-forme appropriée pour définir l’immunité humorale aux antigènes de protéines de c. difficile dans le sérum du patient (Figures 3 et 6) et les préparations commerciales d’IgIV (Figure 5). Nous avons aussi démontré que la technique de microarray effectue bien par rapport aux classique ELISA (Figure 2) et montre excellente reproductibil...

Ce protocole décrit le développement et la validation d’un test de microarray de protéine originale et personnalisée pour la détection et la quantification semi de souche bactérienne et isotype-spécifiques d’anticorps aux antigènes de c. difficile . Nous utilisons avec succès notre c.difficile-dosage spécifique « microarray » comme un nouvel outil prometteur pour la bioanalyse composition du contenu spécifique d’anticorps dans le sérum du patient1,2, préparations d’IgIV3, et identification des spécificités anticorps qui sont en corrélation avec les mauvais résultats en CDI4. Nous démontrons comment fin des échantillons de sérum et de préparations commerciales d’IgIV peuvent être analysées sur lames microarray, permettant qualité reproductible profilage des réponses anticorps pathogène spécifique c. difficile dans cet essai.
Beaucoup de santé des enfants et d’adultes ont des anticorps IgG et IgA sériques détectables toxines de c. difficile A et B5,6. Ceux-ci sont censés survenir suite à l’exposition transitoire au cours de la petite enfance et après une exposition à c. difficile à l’âge adulte. Pour cette raison, polyclonal IgIV a été utilisé hors AMM pour traiter les récurrentes et fulminante CDI7,8,9. Cependant, son rôle définitif et son mode d’action reste peu clair. Plusieurs études ont montré que la réponse immunitaire humorale aux toxines de Clostridium joue un rôle dans la présentation de la maladie et les résultats. Plus particulièrement, les patients asymptomatiques montrent une concentration accrue de sérum anti-toxine A IgG comparée aux patients qui développent une maladie symptomatique10. Une association démontrable a été rapportée pour médian anti-toxines IgG A des titres et11de la mortalité de toutes causes de 30 jours. Plusieurs rapports ont également révélé une liaison avec une protection contre les réponses anticorps et la récurrence à la toxine A, B et plusieurs antigènes non-toxine (Cwp66, Cwp84, FliC, FliD et protéines de la couche superficielle (SLPs))12,13 , 14 , 15. ces observations ont stimulé le développement de la première Immunothérapie passive drogue ciblage c. la toxine B (bezlotuxumab), qui a récemment été approuvé par la US Food and Drug Administration et l’européenne des médicaments Agence pour la prévention des renouvelables CDI16. Stratégies de vaccination à l’aide de toxines inactivées ou fragments de toxine recombinantes sont également en cours de développement17,18,19. Ces nouvelles approches thérapeutiques stimulera sans doute l’exigence d’évaluation immunité humorale aux antigènes multiples dans vastes échantillons.
Aujourd'hui, il y a un manque notable d’essais disponibles dans le commerce de haut débit capable de mesurer simultanément la souche bactérienne et isotype-spécifiques d’anticorps aux antigènes de c. difficile . Il y a un besoin de développer ces tests afin de faciliter les efforts de recherche futurs et des applications cliniques. Microarrays de protéine sont une méthode d’immobiliser un grand nombre de protéines purifiées individuellement sous forme de tableau dans l’espace organisé des taches sur une surface microscopique axée sur la diapositive à l’aide d’un système robotisé qui peut être un contact20 ou un sans contact outil d’impression21. Les taches peuvent représenter des mélanges complexes tels que les lysats cellulaires, anticorps, homogénats tissulaires, protéines endogènes ou recombinantes ou peptides, fluides corporels ou médicaments22,23.
Technologie des microréseaux protéine offre des avantages distincts par ELISA interne standard techniques, qui ont traditionnellement été utilisées pour évaluer les réponses en anticorps anti -c. difficile . Il s’agit d’une capacité accrue pour détecter toute une série d’anticorps multi isotype-spécifiques contre un panel plus large de cibles protéiques, exigences de diminution du volume pour les antigènes, les échantillons et les réactifs et une capacité accrue d’intégrer un plus grand nombre de réplicats techniques, en plus du contrôle de qualité interne multiple (QC) mesure1. Puces sont donc plus sensible, précise et reproductible et ont une plus grande gamme dynamique. Ces facteurs rendent les microarrays une alternative meilleur marchée et potentiellement favorable à ELISA pour la détection à grande échelle des protéines connues. Cependant, inconvénients de la technologie des microréseaux résultent principalement des grandes coûts initiaux associés instituant un groupe d’antigènes hautement purifiés et mise en place de la plate-forme technologique.
Microarrays de protéine ont été largement utilisées pendant les deux dernières décennies comme un outil de recherche diagnostique et fondamentales en applications cliniques. Les applications spécifiques comprennent l’expression de la protéine de profilage, l’étude des relations d’enzyme / substrate, dépistage de biomarqueurs, analyse des interactions hôtes-microorganismes et profilage des anticorps spécificité23,24, 25,26,27,28. Nombreux nouveaux pathogènes/antigène de protéine microarrays ont été établis, y compris le paludisme (Plasmodium)29, VIH-1,30,31de la grippe, syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS)32, fièvre hémorragique virale33 , virus de l’herpès34et35de la tuberculose.
Le présent protocole est liée à la mise en place d’un simple fonctionnement C. réactive antigène microarray test difficile , qui permet une quantification exacte, précise et spécifique des multi-isotype et production d’anticorps spécifiques à la souche à C. difficile antigènes dans le sérum et polyclonaux IgIV. Dans les présentes, nous incluons des résultats représentatifs se rapportant à une performance de dosage microarray acceptable par rapport à ELISA ainsi que le dosage de précision et reproductibilité de profils. Ce test pourrait être développé pour définir le profil des autres échantillons cliniques et établit un nouveau standard pour la recherche dans les bases moléculaires de l’IDC.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:399px;">BioRobotics MicroGrid II arrayer</td>
			<td style="width:296px;">Digilab, Malborough, MA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:296px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:836px;">Contact arrayer used to automated spotting of the antigens onto the slides.</td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Scanner InnoScan 710.</td>
			<td>Innopsys</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>A fluorescent microarray slide scanner with a red (Cy5) laser to read the reaction.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MAPIX software version 7.2.0</td>
			<td>Innopsys</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Measure signal intensities of the spots.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Silicon contact pin</td>
			<td>Parallel Synthesis Technologies</td>
			<td>SMT-P75</td>
			<td>Print the samples onto the slides.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Thermo Scientific Nalgene Desiccator</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>41102426</td>
			<td>To store the new and printed slides.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">384-well plate</td>
			<td>Genetix</td>
			<td>X7022UN</td>
			<td>To prepare the antigens.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plate cover</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich, UK</td>
			<td>CLS6570-100EA</td>
			<td>To reduce evaporation of the samples.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Aminosilane slides</td>
			<td>Schott,&#160; Germany</td>
			<td>1064875</td>
			<td>The slide of choice for printing the antigens.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Slide holders</td>
			<td>GraceBio Labs, USA</td>
			<td>204862</td>
			<td>Divide the slides into identical 16 subarrays. These holders are re-usable, removable, leak-proof wells .&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Candida albicans lysate</td>
			<td>NIBSC</td>
			<td>PR-BA117-S</td>
			<td>Positive control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tetanus Toxoid&#160;</td>
			<td>Athens Research and Technology</td>
			<td>04/150</td>
			<td>Positive control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Normal Human Plasma</td>
			<td>&#160;Athens research and&#160; technology&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>16-16-090707</td>
			<td>Purified Native Human Immunoglobulin G IgG, Human Plasma.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), Normal Human Plasma</td>
			<td>&#160;Athens research and&#160; technology&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>16-16-090707-1</td>
			<td>Purified Native Human Immunoglobulin G1 IgG1, Human Plasma.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2), Normal Human Plasma</td>
			<td>&#160;Athens research and&#160; technology&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>16-16-090707-2</td>
			<td>Purified Native Human Immunoglobulin G2 IgG2, Human Plasma.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3), Normal Human Plasma</td>
			<td>&#160;Athens research and&#160; technology&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>16-16-090707-3</td>
			<td>Purified Native Human Immunoglobulin G3 IgG3, Human Plasma.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4), Normal Human Plasma</td>
			<td>&#160;Athens research and&#160; technology&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>16-16-090707-4</td>
			<td>Purified Native Human Immunoglobulin G4 IgG4, Human Plasma.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Human Plasma</td>
			<td>&#160;Athens research and&#160; technology&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>16-16-090701</td>
			<td>Purified Native Human Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Human Plasma.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1), Human Myeloma Plasma</td>
			<td>&#160;Athens research and&#160; technology&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>16-16-090701-1M</td>
			<td>Purified Native Human Immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1), Human Plasma.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Immunoglobulin A2 (IgA2), Human Myeloma Plasma</td>
			<td>&#160;Athens research and&#160; technology&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>16-16-090701-2M</td>
			<td>Purified Native Human Immunoglobulin A2 (IgA2), Human Plasma.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Immunoglobulin M (IgM), Human Plasma</td>
			<td>&#160;Athens research and&#160; technology&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>16-16-090713</td>
			<td>Purified Native Human Immunoglobulin M (IgM), Human Plasma.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Biotinylated Goat Anti-Human IgG Antibody, gamma chain specific</td>
			<td>Vector Labs</td>
			<td>BA-3080</td>
			<td>Goat anti- human IgG (&#947;-chain specific)-biotin antibody reacts specifically with human IgG but not with other immunoglobulins.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse Anti-Human IgG1 Hinge-BIOT</td>
			<td>Southern Biotec</td>
			<td>9052-08&#160;</td>
			<td>Goat anti- human IgG1 biotin antibody reacts specifically with human IgG1 but not with other immunoglobulins.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse Anti-Human IgG2 Fc-BIOT</td>
			<td>Southern Biotec</td>
			<td>9060-08&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Goat anti- human IgG2 -biotin antibody reacts specifically with human IgG 2but not with other immunoglobulins.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse Anti-Human IgG3 Hinge-BIOT</td>
			<td>Southern Biotec</td>
			<td>9210-08&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Goat anti- human IgG3-biotin antibody reacts specifically with human IgG3 but not with other immunoglobulins.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse Anti-Human IgG4 pFc&#39;-BIOT</td>
			<td>Southern Biotec</td>
			<td>9190-08&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Goat anti- human IgG-biotin antibody reacts specifically with human IgG but not with other immunoglobulins.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Anti-Human IgA, alpha chain specific, made in goat - Biotinylated</td>
			<td>Vector Labs</td>
			<td>BA-3030</td>
			<td>Goat anti- human IgG -biotin antibody reacts specifically with human IgG but not with other immunoglobulins.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse Anti-Human IgA1-BIOT</td>
			<td>Southern Biotec</td>
			<td>9130-08</td>
			<td>Goat anti- human IgG -biotin antibody reacts specifically with human IgG but not with other immunoglobulins.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse Anti-Human IgA2-BIOT</td>
			<td>Southern Biotec</td>
			<td>9140-08&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Goat anti- human IgG -biotin antibody reacts specifically with human IgG but not with other immunoglobulins.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse Anti-Human IgM-BIOT</td>
			<td>Southern Biotec</td>
			<td>9020-08&#160;</td>
			<td>Goat anti- human IgG-biotin antibody reacts specifically with human IgG but not with other immunoglobulins.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.2 mm syringe filter</td>
			<td>Thermo scientific</td>
			<td>723-2520</td>
			<td>Filter the 5% BSA.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich, UK</td>
			<td>A7284</td>
			<td>Use 5% BSA for blocking the slides.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Antibody diluent</td>
			<td>Dako, UK</td>
			<td>S3022</td>
			<td>To dilute the serum and the secondary antibody.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Streptavidin Cy5</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>SA1011</td>
			<td>Detection of the immune reaction.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Purified whole C. difficile toxins A and B (toxinotype 0, strain VPI 10463, ribotype 087)</td>
			<td>Toxins Group, Public Health England</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Purified whole C. difficile toxin B (CCUG 20309 toxin B only expressing strain)</td>
			<td>Toxins Group, Public Health England</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Precursor form of B fragment of binary toxin, pCDTb</td>
			<td>University of Bath&#160;</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>Produced in E. Coli from wholly synthetic recombinant gene construct. Amino acid sequence based on published sequence from 027 ribotype (http:www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A8DS70)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Purified native whole ribotype-specific (001, 002, 027) surface layer proteins</td>
			<td>Dublin City University&#160;</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Vigam (IVIg preparation 1)</td>
			<td>Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Privigen (IVIg preparation 2)</td>
			<td>Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Intratect (IVIg preparation 3)</td>
			<td>Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a protein microarray assay for serological determination of antigen-specific antibody responses following clostridium difficile infection

Nous fournissons un aperçu détaillé d’un essai de microarray de nouvelle protéine de haut-débit pour la détermination de l’anti -Clostridium difficile taux d’anticorps dans le sérum humain et dans les préparations distinctes de polyclonal immunoglobulines intraveineuses (IgIV). Le protocole décrit les étapes méthodologiques impliqués dans la préparation de l’échantillon, impression de tableaux, mode opératoire et l’analyse des données. En outre, ce protocole pourrait être développé pour intégrer divers échantillons cliniques, y compris le plasma et les surnageants de culture de cellules. Nous montrons comment microarray de protéine peut être utilisée pour déterminer une combinaison d’isotype (IgG, IgA, IgM), de la sous-classe (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, IgA2) et anticorps spécifiques à la souche hautement purifiée de toute c. difficile les toxines A et B (toxinotype 0, souche VPI 10463, ribotype 087), la toxine B d’une souche exprime c. difficile toxine-B-only (CCUG 20309), une forme de précurseur d’un fragment de B de la toxine binaire, pCDTb, des protéines spécifiques ribotype couche toute la surface (SLPs ; 001, 002, 027) et le contrôle des protéines (tétanos anatoxine tétanique et Candida albicans). Pendant l’expérience, microarrays sont détectés avec des sérums de personnes atteintes d’infection à c. difficile (CDI), personnes atteintes de fibrose kystique (FK) sans diarrhée, témoins sains (HC) et de personnes préalables et post-IVIg thérapie pour la traitement de la CDI, l’immunodéficience combinée trouble et polyradiculopathy démyélinisante inflammatoire chronique. Nous rencontrons en efficacité de neutralisation de la toxine et taux d’anticorps spécifiques multi-isotype des différences significatives entre les groupes de patients, les préparations commerciales d’IgIV et sérums avant et après administration d’IgIV. En outre, il y une corrélation significative entre microarray et immuno enzymatique (ELISA) pour les IgG d’antitoxine dans le sérum. Ces résultats suggèrent que « microarray » pourrait devenir un outil prometteur pour le profilage d’anticorps aux antigènes de C.difficile chez les humains vaccinés ou infectés. Avec plus de raffinement des panneaux de l’antigène et une réduction des coûts de production, nous prévoyons que microréseau technologie peut aider à optimiser et sélectionnez les immunothérapies plus cliniquement utiles pour l’infection à c. difficile d’une manière spécifique au patient.

La figure 1 illustre un organigramme décrivant les principales étapes dans le protocole décrit. La figure 2 montre des essais de corrélation de Spearman démontrant l’important accord entre microarray et ELISA IgG et IgA anti-toxine A et B niveaux dans le sérum de patients test. La figure 3 montre classe-anticorps IgG et IgA différentielle d’anticorps spécifiques à la toxine A et la toxin...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection at JoVE.com

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

Cet article décrit une méthode de microarray de protéine simple pour profilage immunité humorale à un panel de 7-plex de hautement purifié des antigènes de Clostridium difficile dans les sérums humains. Le protocole peut être prolongé pour la détermination de la production d’anticorps spécifiques dans les préparations d’immunoglobulines par voie intraveineuse polyclonal.

Une analyse de Microarray de protéine pour détermination sérologique de l’Infection à Clostridium difficile anticorps réponses suivantes spécifiques à l’antigène

We provide a detailed overview of a novel high-throughput protein microarray assay for the determination of anti-Clostridium difficile antibody levels in ...

This method may help with optimizing and selecting clinically useful immunotherapies for Clostridium difficile infection in a patient-specific manner, and elucidating human immune responses to Clostridium difficile. The main advantage of this technique is that it enables accurate and simultaneous quantification of multi isotype and strain-specific antibody responses to C.difficile antigens. Generally, individuals that are new to this method will struggle because expertise is required in establishing and optimizing a panel of highly purified antigens, and setting up the technological platform.Visual demonstration of this method is critical, as methodological list types involved in preparing the microwave plate, arrays printing, a safe procedure, and the data analysis require attention to the details. Demonstrating some of the procedure will be by Sam Greenwood, a technician from my laboratory. To begin, dilute Clostridium difficile antigens and printing buffer to optimum concentration.Next, transfer 10 microliters of antigen solution to a 384 well plate. Cover the plate with a plate seal, and centrifuge at 300 times gravity for five minutes at room temperature. For microarray printing, use a hand-held gas burner to heat the silicon PIN three times for two seconds each.Then, rinse the silicon PIN in clean water three times for three seconds each. Place the microarray plate in the loading cartridge of an arrayer. Eject the tray, and then place the amino silane slides in the slide tray and press the OK button to turn the vacuum on.Insure that all of the slides are secured, and then click OK.Return the tray to the origin, and close the lid. Next, launch the appropriate program and go to File, then Microarraying Parameters, then Open. Select Clostridium difficile file for printing all antigens in quadruplicate.Under this window, open the Source tab to indicate sample storage, and Target tab to input microarray details. Then, open the Options tab to select the washing tool. Under the General tab of Run Preferences, on the TAS applications suite toolbar, select Wash at start of run, and Wash at end of run.Open the Climate tab, and set the humidity level between 55 to 60%Now start the run, and periodically check the arrayer to insure proper functioning. After printing, carefully place the printed slides in a slide holder with 16 multi-well chambers. Then add 100 microliters of 5%BSAT to each block.Cover the slides and incubate for one hour at room temperature with shaking. Use 120 microliters of PBST to wash each block five times for one minute each with shaking. Next, thaw out the serum samples obtained from C difficile infected patients and healthy controls on ice for 20 minutes.Add commercially available antibody diluent to the master block, and then add samples to the master block and mix. Discard the washing buffer and add 100 microliters of each diluted sample to the experimental blocks. For the negative control block, add 100 microliters of only the antibody diluent.Then, incubate the slides for one hour at room temperature with gentle shaking. Next, use 120 microliters of PBST to wash each block five times for three minutes each with shaking. Then add 100 microliters of biotinylated goat anti-Human antibody diluted in antibody diluent to each block.Cover the slides and incubate for one hour at room temperature with gentle shaking. Use 120 microliters of PBST to wash each block five times for three minutes each with shaking. Next, add 100 microliters of streptavidin SY5 conjugate diluted in 5%BSAT, in a ratio of one to two thousand to each block.Cover the slides with foil and incubate for 15 minutes at room temperature with gentle shaking. Wash the slides first with 120 microliters of PBST five times for one minute each, and then wash them two more times for one minute each with PBS. To dry the slides, spin them for five minutes at 300 times gravity.Turn the laser scanner on 30 minutes prior to scanning, to allow it to warm up. Then place the slide in the scanner with the printed surface facing up until the plate light turns solid green. Next, press the Settings button.On the first tab, insure that the Automatic scrolling and Barcode are unchecked. Then, set the Pixel size to 10, Scan Mode to Medium, Acquisition to 635 only, Acquisition Mode to Manual, gain to 20, and power to low. On the second tab, insure that the slide type is unlabeled.On the third tab, set the Focus setting to Auto focus. Press the import grid button to select the appropriate array list associated with the scanned image. Then, press the autofind button to align the grid to the spots on the slide.Finally, press the Quantification Process button to measure the fluorescence intensity of each spot. Then, save the results in an appropriate format for further analysis. In this protocol, a protein microarray is compared with ELISA to assess the reproducibility between these two techniques.The Spearman correlation coefficient analysis shows significant agreement between the microarray and ELISA for detecting IgG Anti-toxin A, and Anti-toxin B levels in serum samples. Intro assay and inter assay reproducibility of the protein micro array are calculated using the serum samples of seven patients. The samples analyzed on two different array slides against Toxin A, Toxin B, SLP001, SLP002, SLP027, Toxin B from Toxin B only producing strain CCUG, and pCDTb antigens reveal good reproducibility.A protein microarray is performed to detect an isotype-specific antibody response against Clostridium difficile toxins. The serum samples of patients and healthy individuals are used to detect the levels of IgG and IgA against Toxin A, Toxin B, Toxin B from a Clostridium difficile Toxin B only expressing strain, and precursor form of a B fragment of binary toxin. Once mastered, this technique can be done in seven hours.The quality control experiment, different parameters such as selection of appropriate surface chemistry, printing buffers, blocking buffers, and dilutions of serum samples and secondary antibodies should be evaluated before running samples. Printing a high-quality array requires a good understanding of the array or software to adjust the printing of parameters according to the experimental protocol. It is crucial to maintain optimum performance of the arrayer, and a dust-free environment throughout the experiment.This technique will pave the way for researchers in the field of immunology and molecular biology, in terms of characterizing humoral immune responses to infection, and discovering serodiagnostic antigens. Don't forget that working with infected blood samples and bacterial toxins can be hazardous. In general, in laboratory, safety and standard precautions should always be taken into consideration while performing this procedure.

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

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