Name: identification of dopamine d1-alpha receptor within rodent nucleus accumbens by an innovative rna in situ detection technology
Uploaded: 2018-03-27T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Identification of Dopamine D1-Alpha Receptor Within Rodent Nucleus Accumbens by an Innovative RNA In Situ Detection Technology at JoVE.com

Nåværende verkene ble støttet av National Institutes of Health (NIH) tilskudd HD043680, MH106392, DA013137 og NS100624. Delvis fondet ble levert av NIH T32 trening stipend i biomedisinsk-atferdsterapi vitenskap.

Eksperimentell protokollen ble godkjent av Animal Care og bruk Committee (IACUC) ved University of South Carolina (føderale forsikring nummer: A3049-01).
1. forberedelse av fersk frosne hjernen
<ol><li>Bruk F344/N rotte belastningen: tre rotter av hvert kjønn, 13 måneders alder, kropp vekt ca 320 g.</li>
	<li>Justere desflurane konsentrasjonen 5% (overdose av desflurane). Fortsette desflurane eksponering etter puster stopper for en ekstra minutt.</li>
	<li>Halshugge rotta og fjerne hjerne...

<ol>
	<li>Goldman-Rakic, P. S., Castner, S. A., Svensson, T. H., Siever, L. J., Williams, G. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+the+dopamine+D1+receptor+in+schizophrenia:+insights+for+cognitive+dysfunction.">Targeting the dopamine D1 receptor in schizophrenia: insights for cognitive dysfunction.</a> Psychopharmacology (Berl). 174 (1), 3-16 (2004).</li><li>Beaulieu, J. M., Gainetdinov, R. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+physiology,+signaling,+and+pharmacology+of+dopamine+receptors.">The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors.</a> Pharmacol Rev. 63, 182-217 (2011).</li><li>Zahrt, J., Taylor, J. R., Mathew, R. G., Arnsten, A. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Supranormal+stimulation+of+D1+dopamine+receptors+in+the+rodent+prefrontal+cortex+impairs+spatial+working+memory+performance.">Supranormal stimulation of D1 dopamine receptors in the rodent prefrontal cortex impairs spatial working memory performance.</a> J Neurosci. 17, 8528-8535 (1997).</li><li>Floresco, S. B., Magyar, O., Ghods-Sharifi, S., Vexelman, C., Tse, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiple+dopamine+receptor+subtypes+in+the+medial+prefrontal+cortex+of+the+rat+regulate+set-shifting.">Multiple dopamine receptor subtypes in the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat regulate set-shifting.</a> Neuropsychopharmacology. 31, 297-309 (2006).</li><li>Arnsten, A. F., Girgis, R. R., Gray, D. L., Mailman, R. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+dopamine+therapeutics+for+cognitive+deficits+in+schizophrenia.">Novel dopamine therapeutics for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.</a> Biol Psychiatry. 81, 67-77 (2017).</li><li>Ellenbroek, B. A., Budde, S., Cools, A. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prepulse+inhibition+and+latent+inhibition:+the+role+of+dopamine+in+the+medial+prefrontal+cortex.">Prepulse inhibition and latent inhibition: the role of dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex.</a> Neuroscience. 75 (2), 535-542 (1996).</li><li>Parker, K. L., Alberico, S. L., Miller, A. D., Narayanan, N. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prefrontal+D1+dopamine+signaling+is+necessary+for+temporal+expectation+during+reaction+time+performance.">Prefrontal D1 dopamine signaling is necessary for temporal expectation during reaction time performance.</a> Neuroscience. 255, 246-254 (2013).</li><li>Manduca, A., Servadio, M., Damsteegt, R., Campolongo, P., Vanderschuren, L. J., Trezza, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dopaminergic+Neurotransmission+in+the+Nucleus+Accumbens+Modulates+Social+Play+Behavior+in+Rats.">Dopaminergic Neurotransmission in the Nucleus Accumbens Modulates Social Play Behavior in Rats.</a> Neuropsychopharmacology. 41 (9), 2215-2223 (2016).</li><li>Okubo, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decreased+prefrontal+dopamine+D1+receptors+in+schizophrenia+revealed+by+PET.">Decreased prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors in schizophrenia revealed by PET.</a> Nature. 385 (6617), 634-636 (1997).</li><li>Abi-Dargham, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prefrontal+dopamine+D1+receptors+and+working+memory+in+schizophrenia.">Prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors and working memory in schizophrenia.</a> J Neurosci. 22 (9), 3708-3719 (2002).</li><li>Shinohara, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dopamine+D1+receptor+subtype+mediates+acute+stress-induced+dendritic+growth+in+excitatory+neurons+of+the+medial+prefrontal+cortex+and+contributes+to+suppression+of+stress+susceptibility+in+mice.">Dopamine D1 receptor subtype mediates acute stress-induced dendritic growth in excitatory neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex and contributes to suppression of stress susceptibility in mice.</a> Mol Psychiatry. 19, (2017).</li><li>Okubo, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decreased+prefrontal+dopamine+D1+receptors+in+schizophrenia+revealed+by+PET.">Decreased prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors in schizophrenia revealed by PET.</a> Nature. 385, 634-636 (1997).</li><li>Wang, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNAscope:+a+novel+in+situ+RNA+analysis+platform+for+formalin-fixed,+paraffin-embedded+tissues.">RNAscope: a novel in situ RNA analysis platform for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.</a> J Mol Diagn. 14 (1), 22-29 (2012).</li><li>Paxinos, G., Watson, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates. , (2014).</li></ol>

I denne protokollen beskriver vi romanen teknikk i situ hybridisering for frisk-frosne hjernen skiver å evaluere Drd1α reseptor uttrykk i nucleus accumbens (NAc) og tyrosin hydroksylase (TH) uttrykk i regionen substantia nigra (SNR). Vi tilbyr også metoder for analyse for ulike flekker mønstre: "diskret dot" eller "klynger".
Kritisk trinnene for en vellykket multiplex fluorescens RNA i situ hybridisering analysen er inkludert. Når decapitating rotta og fjerne hjernen, Fr...

Dysfunksjon av dopamin striatal er involvert i utviklingen av kliniske symptomer i flere nevrokognitive sykdommer. Dopamin D1 reseptorer finnes i prefrontal cortex (PFK) og striatal områder av hjernen og påvirke tungt kognitive prosesser1, inkludert minne, timelige behandling og lokomotiv atferd2,3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7. forrige studier belyst at endringer av dopamin D1 reseptorer var knyttet til utviklingen av oppmerksomhet underskudd hyperaktivitet disorder (ADHD)8nevrokognitive symptomene i schizofreni9, 10 og stress mottakelighet11. Spesielt i schizofreni indikerte fantes et positron utslipp tomografi (PET) studier at bindingen evne til dopamin D1 reseptorer i prefrontal halvdelene var svært knyttet til kognitiv underskudd og tilstedeværelsen av negative symptomer11. Dendrittiske veksten av eksitatoriske nerveceller i prefrontal cortex regulert av dopamin D1 reseptoren lindrer stress mottakelighet. Videre kan knockdown D1 reseptoren i mediale prefrontal kortikale (mPFC) neurons forbedre de sosiale nederlag stress-indusert sosiale unngåelse12.
Her introduserer vi en teknikken av RNA i situ hybridisering visualisere enkelt RNA molekyler i en celle med frisk-frosne vevsprøver. Nåværende teknikken har flere fordeler fremfor metoder som finnes i gjeldende litteratur. Først gjeldende prosedyre bevarer romlige og morfologiske sammenheng av vev og ble utført på frisk-frosne vevsprøver slik at andre prosedyrer krever friske, ikke-innebygd vev kan kombineres med gjeldende metoder. Lignende fremgangsmåter i formalin-fast og parafin-embedded vev har illustrert at enkelt transkripsjon oppløsning kan oppnås ved hjelp av en RNA i situ hybridisering teknikk13. Påvisning av RNA på enkelt transkripsjon nivå gir overlegen følsomhet til lav kopi talluttrykk samt muligheten til å sammenligne genuttrykk nivået av individuelle celler som kan oppnås ved andre nukleinsyre gjenkjenningsmetoder som polymerase kjedereaksjon (PCR) teknikker. I tillegg opprettholder det aktuelle metoden bilder med høy signal-til-støy forholdet gjennom svært spesifikke RNA sonder som hybridiserte til enkelt mål RNA transkripsjoner, og sekvensielt bundet med en kaskade av signal forsterkning molekyler i deteksjon system. Til slutt gir den nåværende teknologien mulighet til å vurdere flere biologiske systemer med sin mål-spesifikke proprietære sonder, i stedet for å begrense våre undersøkelser bare én klasse av systemrelaterte markører som proteinet oppdagelsen av immunohistochemistry metoder.
I vår studie brukte vi denne romanen RNA i situ hybridisering for å evaluere Drd1α reseptor uttrykk i nucleus accumbens (NAc) og tyrosin hydroksylase (TH) uttrykk i substantia nigra (SNR) av både mannlige og kvinnelige F344/N rotter. Nyskapende RNA i situ hybridization aktivert vi mekanismer påvirke både DA opptak og DA utgivelsen samtidig, forbedre vår forståelse av striatal DA systemets kompleksiteten. Her beskriver vi prosedyren for frisk-frosne hjernen skiver og gir metoder for analyse for ulike flekker mønstre: "diskret dot" eller "klynger".

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			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:329px;">HybEZ Oven system</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Advanced Cell Diagnostics&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">310010</td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
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		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">RNAscope Probe - Rn-Drd1a</td>
			<td>Advanced Cell Diagnostics&#160;</td>
			<td>317031</td>
			<td>Color channel 1, Green</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">RNAscope Probe - Rn-Th-C2</td>
			<td>Advanced Cell Diagnostics&#160;</td>
			<td>314651-C2</td>
			<td>Color channel 2, Orange</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">RNAscope Fluorescent Multiplex Reagent Kit</td>
			<td>Advanced Cell Diagnostics&#160;</td>
			<td>320850</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">ImmEdge Hydrophobic Barrier Pen</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratory</td>
			<td>H-4000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">SuperFrost Plus Slides</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-550-154%&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">4% paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>158127-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Sevoflurane</td>
			<td>Merritt Veterinary Supply</td>
			<td>347075</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Tissue-Tek vertical 24 slide rack</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9837976</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Tissue-Tek staining dish</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC0731403</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Precision General Purpose Baths</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>TSGP28</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:329px;">Pretreatment 4</td>
			<td>Advanced Cell Diagnostics&#160;</td>
			<td>320850</td>
			<td>parts of kits</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:329px;">ProLong Gold anti-fade reagent</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">P36930</td>
			<td style="width:188px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:329px;">Amp 1-FL</td>
			<td>Advanced Cell Diagnostics&#160;</td>
			<td>320850</td>
			<td>parts of kits</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:329px;">Amp 2-FL</td>
			<td>Advanced Cell Diagnostics&#160;</td>
			<td>320850</td>
			<td>parts of kits</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:329px;">Amp 3-FL</td>
			<td>Advanced Cell Diagnostics&#160;</td>
			<td>320850</td>
			<td>parts of kits</td>
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		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:329px;">Amp 4-FL-Alt A</td>
			<td>Advanced Cell Diagnostics&#160;</td>
			<td>320850</td>
			<td>parts of kits</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:329px;">EZ-C1 software package</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Nikon Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td>version 3.81b</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:329px;">SAS/STAT Software</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">SAS Institute, Inc.,</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td>version 9.4</td>
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identification of dopamine d1-alpha receptor within rodent nucleus accumbens by an innovative rna in situ detection technology

I sentralnervesystemet er D1-alfa undertype reseptoren (Drd1α) den mest tallrike dopamin (DA) reseptoren, som spiller en viktig rolle i å regulere dannes hemmer nevronal vekst og utvikling. Mekanismene bak Drd1α reseptor unormalt formidling atferdsdata svar og modulerende arbeider minnefunksjon er imidlertid uklart. Bruker en roman RNA i situ hybridisering analysen, identifisert denne studien dopamin Drd1α reseptoren og tyrosin hydroksylase (TH) RNA uttrykk fra DA-relaterte kretsene i nucleus accumbens (NAc) området og substantia nigra-regionen (SNR), henholdsvis. Drd1α uttrykk i NAc viser en "diskret dot" flekker mønster. Klart Kjønnsforskjeller i Drd1α uttrykket ble observert. Derimot viser TH et "klynger" flekker mønster. Om TH uttrykk vises hunnrotter et høyere signal uttrykk per celle i forhold til mannlig dyr. Metodene presenteres her gi en roman i situ hybridisering teknikk for å undersøke endringer i dopamin systemet dysfunksjon under utviklingen av sentralnervesystemet sykdommer.

Denne studien observert en "diskret prikker" flekker mønster for RNA uttrykk i dopamin D1-alfa receptors (Drd1α) av NAc i F344/N rotter (figur 1A). Individuelle fluorescens signaler var lett identifiseres og kan sees som enkelt "prikker", hver representerer en enkelt RNA transkripsjon i cellen. For bilder fra NAc som viser "diskret kuler" flekker mønster, vurdert vi det dynamiske utvalget av uttrykk med en semi kvantitativ analyse (fig...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Identification of Dopamine D1-Alpha Receptor Within Rodent Nucleus Accumbens by an Innovative RNA In Situ Detection Technology at JoVE.com

Identification of Dopamine D1-Alpha Receptor Within Rodent Nucleus Accumbens by an Innovative RNA In Situ Detection Technology

Identifikasjon av dopamin D1-Alpha reseptor i gnager Nucleus Accumbens av en nyskapende RNA i Situ oppdagelsen teknologien

Identifikasjon av dopamin D1-alfa reseptoren i nucleus accumbens er avgjørende for å avklare D1 reseptor dysfunksjon under en sentralnervesystemet sykdom. Vi utførte en roman RNA i situ hybridisering analysen for å visualisere enkelt RNA molekyler i et bestemt hjernen.

In the central nervous system, the D1-alpha subtype receptor (Drd1&#945;) is the most abundant dopamine (DA) receptor, which plays a vital role in ...

The overall goal of this novel RNA in-situ hybridization assay is to visualize single RNA molecules in a specific brain area which are critical for clarifying dopaminergic dysfunction during central nervous system disease. This method can help answer key questions in the neuroscience field such as dopaminergic abnormalities mediating behavioral responses and modulating working memory function. The main advantage of this method is that it provides a novel in-situ hybridization technique to investigate dopamine system dysfunction during the progression of central nervous system diseases.Though this method can provide insight into overall expression levels of a target mRNA in a given brain region, it can also be applied to determine how mRNA transcripts are distributed throughout the cells of a given region. To begin this procedure, within five minutes after harvesting an adult rat brain, submerge it in liquid nitrogen for 15 seconds. Next, equilibrate the brain at minus 20 degrees Celsius in a cryostat for one hour.After an hour, cut 30 micron sections containing nucleus accumbens from 2.76 millimeters to 2.28 millimeters anterior to bregma and mount them onto the slides. Then dry the sections at minus 20 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes. Subsequently, immerse the slides in pre-chilled 4%paraformaldehyde for one hour at four degrees Celsius.Next, place the slides in an increasing ethanol gradient at room temperature then transfer the slides to fresh 100%ethanol for another five minutes. Afterward, place the slides on the absorbent paper to allow air dry. Draw a barrier around each section with a barrier pen.Let the barrier dry completely for one minute. To pre-treat the brain sections, turn on the oven and set the temperature to 40 degrees Celsius. Add three drops of pre-treatment reagent on each brain section.Then incubate the sections for 30 minutes at room temperature. Next, submerge the slides in 1X PBS for one minute at room temperature and transfer the slides to fresh 1X PBS for another minute. Slides should not stay in 1X PBS for longer than 15 minutes.To run the multiplex assay, warm the target probe for 10 minutes at 40 degrees Celsius in a water bath and then cool to room temperature. Place the RNA reagent at room temperature. Remove excess liquid from the slides with absorbent paper and place them back on the slide rack.Then add three drops of the Drd1alpha as probe on each sample slice and incubate the samples for two hours at 40 degrees Celsius. Afterward, wash the slides in 1X wash buffer for two minutes at room temperature twice. Then remove excess liquid from the slides with absorbent paper and place them back on the slide rack.Do not let brain sections dry out between incubation steps. Add three drops of AMP 1FL on each sample slice and incubate the samples for 30 minutes at 40 degrees Celsius. Afterward, wash the slides twice in 1X wash buffer for two minutes each time at room temperature.Then remove excess liquid from the slides with absorbent paper and place them back on the slide rack. Subsequently, add three drops of AMP 2FL on each sample slice. Incubate the samples for 15 minutes at 40 degrees Celsius.Next, submerge the slides in 1X wash buffer for two minutes at room temperature twice. Remove excess liquid from the slides with absorbent paper and place them back on the slide rack. Add three drops of AMP 3FL on each sample slice and incubate the samples for 30 minutes at 40 degrees Celsius.Next, wash the slides in 1X wash buffer for two minutes at room temperature twice. Remove excess liquid from the slides with absorbent paper and place them back on the slide rack. Then add three drops of AMP 4FL ALT A on each sample slice and incubate the samples for 15 minutes at 40 degrees Celsius.Wash the slide in 1X wash buffer for two minutes at room temperature twice. Remove excess liquid from the slides and immediately place two drops of mounting reagent onto each section. Next, place a 22 millimeter by 22 millimeter coverslip over each brain section.Then store the slides in the dark at two to eight degrees Celsius until dry. For imaging, turn on the confocal microscope and switch to a 60X objective. Obtain Z stack images and acquire images of Drd1alpha-labeled cells in the nucleus accumbens region.For images from the nucleus accumbens that displayed the discrete dots staining pattern, the dynamic range of expression was assessed using a semi-quantitative analysis. Each cell was scored from zero to nine based on the number of dots per cell. This hybridized signal score method can thus assess the extent and variability for Drd1alpha expression across individual cells.Here are the representative confocal images of Drd1alpha expression in male and female rats which have the discrete dots staining pattern. To account for the nested data structure, average count values were calculated for each category and used for statistical analysis. A Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to assess differences in median cell count in male and female rats.The frequency of cells in each category is analyzed using relative frequency and cumulative frequency. Female animals displayed a significant shift in the distribution with the greater frequency of cells in lower ordered categories relative to male animals. Overall, the results suggest clear sex differences in Drd1alpha expression in the nucleus accumbens.Once mastered, this technique can be done in seven hours if it is performed properly. While attempting this procedure, it's important to remember to work quickly as temperature changes or drying out of the tissue can damage the mRNA and hinder our ability to obtain a reliable signal. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to perform the in-situ hybridization technique in cortical tissues, fluorescently image signal mRNA transcripts within chosen brain regions, and characterize the distribution of mRNA transcripts for statistical analysis.

Research

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Neuroscience

Identification of Dopamine D1-Alpha Receptor Within Rodent Nucleus Accumbens by an Innovative RNA In Situ Detection Technology

Simultaneous fMRI and Electrophysiology in the Rodent Brain

To examine the neural basis of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal, we have developed a rodent model in ...

VisioTracker, an Innovative Automated Approach to Oculomotor Analysis

Investigations into the visual system development and function necessitate quantifiable behavioral models of visual performance that are easy to elicit, ...

Direct Intraventricular Delivery of Drugs to the Rodent Central Nervous System

Direkte Intraventrikulær Levering av legemidler til gnager Central Nervous System

Due to an inability to cross the blood brain barrier, certain drugs need to be directly delivered into the central nervous system (CNS). Our lab focuses ...

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Påvisning av Genome og transkripsjoner av en vedvarende DNA virus i nerve vev ved Fluorescent In situ Hybridisering Kombinert med Immunostaining

Single cell codetection of a gene, its RNA product and cellular regulatory proteins is critical to study gene expression regulation. This is a challenge ...

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System

In vivo optogenetic Stimulering av gnagere sentralnervesystemet

The ability to probe defined neural circuits in awake, freely-moving animals with cell-type specificity, spatial precision, and high temporal resolution ...

Detection of Axonally Localized mRNAs in Brain Sections Using High-Resolution In Situ Hybridization

Detection of Axonally Localized mRNAs in Brain Sections Using High-Resolution In Situ Hybridization

Påvisning av Axonally Lokalisert mRNAs i hjernedelene med høy oppløsning<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Hybridisering

mRNAs are frequently localized to vertebrate axons and their local translation is required for axon pathfinding or branching during development and for ...

Interfacing 3D Engineered Neuronal Cultures to Micro-Electrode Arrays: An Innovative In Vitro Experimental Model

Interfacing 3D Engineered Neuronal Cultures to Micro-Electrode Arrays: An Innovative In Vitro Experimental Model

Grensesnitt 3D Engineered Nevronale kulturer til Micro-elektrode Arrays Et nyskapende<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Experimental Model

Currently, large-scale networks derived from dissociated neurons growing and developing in vitro on extracellular micro-transducer devices are the ...

Reliable Identification of Living Dopaminergic Neurons in Midbrain Cultures Using RNA Sequencing and TH-promoter-driven eGFP Expression

Pålitelig Identifikasjon av Bo dopaminerge nevroner i midthjernen kulturer Bruke RNA sekvensering og TH-promoter-drevet EGFP Expression

In Parkinson&#39;s Disease (PD) there is widespread neuronal loss throughout the brain with pronounced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc, ...

Localization of Odorant Receptor Genes in Locust Antennae by RNA In Situ Hybridization

Localization of Odorant Receptor Genes in Locust Antennae by RNA In Situ Hybridization

Lokalisering av luktningsmiddelreceptorgener i Locust Antenna av RNA<em&gt; I situ</em&gt; Hybridisering

Insects have evolved sophisticated olfactory reception systems to sense exogenous chemical signals. These chemical signals are transduced by Olfactory ...

Assessment of Dopaminergic Homeostasis in Mice by Use of High-performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis and Synaptosomal Dopamine Uptake

Vurdering av Dopaminergic homeostase i mus ved bruk av høytytende flytende kromatografi analyse og Synaptosomal dopamin opptak

Dopamine (DA) is a modulatory neurotransmitter controlling motor activity, reward processes and cognitive function. Impairment of dopaminergic (DAergic) ...