Name: key elements of photo attraction bioassay for insect studies or monitoring programs
Uploaded: 2018-07-26T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Key Elements of Photo Attraction Bioassay for Insect Studies or Monitoring Programs at JoVE.com

1. 生物测定组件
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地面竞技场建筑
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<li>使用2.54 厘米长的金属闪光材料条。将每个条弯曲成一个直径为15.24 厘米的半圆圈 (图 1)。</li>
		<li>连接每个半圆圈的两端, 并形成一个立体形状从四件。将锁紧螺母和 #10 机器螺钉连接到每个半圆的两端, 将其固定在一起。</li>
		<li>在每个半圆形0.79 厘米的中点钻一个洞, 从竞技场的底部。将5毫米的 LED 支架贴在每?...

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Res. 44, 567-574 (1953).</li><li>Brown, A. W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studies+on+the+responses+of+the+female+Aedes+mosquito+Part+VI.+The+attractiveness+of+coloured+cloths+and+Canadian+species.">Studies on the responses of the female Aedes mosquito Part VI. The attractiveness of coloured cloths and Canadian species.</a> Bull. Entomol. Res. 45, 67-78 (1954).</li><li>Snyder, D., Cernicchiaro, N., Cohnstaedt, L. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sugar-feeding+status+alters+biting+midge+photoattraction.">Sugar-feeding status alters biting midge photoattraction.</a> Med. Vet. Entomol. 30, 31-38 (2016).</li><li>Menzel, R., Shmida, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+ecology+of+flower+colours+and+the+natural+colour+vision+of+insect+pollinators:+The+Israeli+flora+as+a+study+case.">The ecology of flower colours and the natural colour vision of insect pollinators: The Israeli flora as a study case.</a> Biological Reviews. 68, 81-120 (1993).</li><li>Walker, W. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Responses+of+selected+thysanoptera+to+colored+surfaces.">Responses of selected thysanoptera to colored surfaces.</a> Environ. Entomol. 3, 295-304 (1974).</li><li>Lelito, J. P., Fraser, I., Mastro, V. C., Tumlinson, J. H., Baker, T. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+visual-cue-based+stickytraps+for+monitoring+of+emerald+ash+borers,+Agrilus+planipennis+(Col.,+Buprestidae).">Novel visual-cue-based stickytraps for monitoring of emerald ash borers, Agrilus planipennis (Col., Buprestidae).</a> J. Appl. Entomol. 132, 668-674 (2008).</li><li>Diclaro, J. W., Cohnstaedt, L. W., Pereira, R. M., Allan, S. A., Koehler, P. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+and+Physiological+Response+of+Musca+domestica+to+Colored+Visual+Targets.">Behavioral and Physiological Response of Musca domestica to Colored Visual Targets.</a> J. Med. Entomol. 49 (1), 94D100 (2012).</li><li>Steverding, D., Troscianko, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On+the+role+of+blue+shadows+in+the+visual+behaviour+of+tsetse+flies.">On the role of blue shadows in the visual behaviour of tsetse flies.</a> Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 271, 16-17 (2004).</li><li>Cohnstaedt, L. W., Gillen, J. I., Munstermann, L. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Light-emitting+diode+technology+improves+insect+trapping.">Light-emitting diode technology improves insect trapping.</a> J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 24, 331-334 (2008).</li><li>Duehl, A. J., Cohnstaedt, L. W., Arbogast, R. T., Teal, P. E. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluating+light+attraction+to+increase+trap+efficiency+for+Tribolium+castaneum+(Coleoptera:+Tenebrionidae).">Evaluating light attraction to increase trap efficiency for Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).</a> J. Economic Entomol. 104, 1430-1435 (2011).</li><li>Schmid, R. B., Snyder, D., Cohnstaedt, L. W., McCornack, B. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hessian+Fly+(Diptera:+Cecidomyiidae)+Attraction+to+Different+Wavelengths+and+Intensities+of+Light-EmittingDiodes+in+the+Laboratory.">Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Attraction to Different Wavelengths and Intensities of Light-EmittingDiodes in the Laboratory.</a> Environ. Entomol. 46 (4), 895-900 (2017).</li><li>Cohnstaedt, L. W., Snyder, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design+features+of+a+proposed+insecticidal+sugar+trap+for+biting+midges.">Design features of a proposed insecticidal sugar trap for biting midges.</a> Vet. Ital. 52 (3-4), 265-269 (2016).</li></ol>

照片吸引生物鉴定是一个重要的工具, 以确定最佳的吸引力的颜色 (s) 和最小化的选择, 这些颜色的野外试验。然而, 在优化特定昆虫的生物测定时, 必须考虑几个因素, 其中包括: 单光vs。竞争性光实验、亮度、最佳光谱范围、环境光干扰、昆虫状态和可能限制可能的反应的自然行为。
大多数昆虫都有一些趋光性, 这可能是一种先天的逃逸机制, 导致昆虫向光移动。这可以...

几乎所有的昆虫学监视都依赖于嗅觉或视觉引诱, 而且往往都是两者。挥发性嗅引诱可能分散在整个环境导致一个大的吸引力区域。然而, 视觉引诱可能有一个更有限的范围, 因为无脊椎动物复合眼分辨图像1,2,3。因此, 视觉引诱必须对感兴趣的昆虫进行优化, 以最大限度地吸引和利用目标昆虫的自然行为而设计的陷阱。
视觉吸引是基于从太阳或其他光源吸收或反射物体表面的波长;有机体看待这波长的吸收或折射作为颜色。昆虫视觉被发现包括蓝色, 绿色和紫外线 (紫外) 波长1。昆虫使用他们的视觉帮助寻找配偶, 食物和收容所4。昆虫可以视觉地定义对象大小, 颜色, 形状, 运动和对比5,6。夜间发生活动昆虫通常被吸引到不同的对比度和强度4, 而日间昆虫可以解决颜色和图像, 除了对比, 因为在白天更大的光子可用性。监测陷阱使用昆虫的视觉线索, 以他们的优势, 以优化吸引力和捕捉7。
最常见的评价照片吸引力的方法是观察昆虫运动对各种彩色形状, 如花卉8或对象 (如粘卡9,10)。使用殖民昆虫进行视觉生物鉴定可以帮助确定波长和/或强度的最佳范围, 从而减少田间试验的次数。视觉生物鉴定, 如 "双侧光隧道" 设计用于测试苍蝇11。两条双侧轻型隧道的问题是, 他们并没有考虑到没有收集的昆虫。大多数昆虫会被困在内部的角落和沿边缘的竞技场。同时, 只有两种颜色可以一次测试。其他化验包括 Steverding & Troscianko (2004)12的方法, 它将舌蝇的吸引力缩小到宽波段 (±50 nm) 的光色。发光二极管 (led) 已被纳入陷阱, 以改善昆虫的吸引力, 通过优化发射光波长1,13,14。利用昆虫的先天行为引诱昆虫, 优化这些陷阱或监测装置的视觉吸引力, 可以提高昆虫的采集效率。这样, 生物测定结果被用来优化现有的诱捕技术。"陆地节肢动物陷阱", 改善了行业标准圆顶型陷阱的红面粉甲虫监视 (美国专利号 US8276314B2)) 和 "改善光陷阱的方法和组合", 将发光二极管纳入空中昆虫陷阱 (美国专利号 US2009/0025275A1)。这两项专利使用 LED 技术, 优化使用生物鉴定结果, 以显著改善昆虫陷阱。
这项研究描述了一个照片吸引生物鉴定竞技场和方法, 允许调查人员评估昆虫对窄波长的反应, 作为一个竞争性或单一的吸引力的颜色。为夜间、日间、陆地和空中昆虫提供设备和实验性的修改。

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key elements of photo attraction bioassay for insect studies or monitoring programs

优化的视觉引诱将利用目标昆虫的先天行为 (正照片-出租车) 作为引诱昆虫进入人口控制或监测陷阱的手段, 从而提高昆虫的诱捕效率。发光二极管 (led) 已经创建了可定制的照明选项, 具有特定的波长 (颜色), 强度和带宽, 所有这些都可以定制的目标昆虫。照片吸引力行为生物鉴定可以使用 led 优化的吸引力颜色 (s) 的昆虫物种下到特定的生活历史阶段或行为 (交配, 喂养, 或寻求庇护)。研究人员必须确认现场的生物鉴定结果, 了解视觉引诱的有限吸引力距离。
立体式生物鉴定竞技场是一种灵活的方法来评估照片的吸引力, 同时也评估一系列的自然昆虫行为, 如逃生和喂养的反应。竞技场可用于地面或空中昆虫实验, 以及日间和夜间昆虫。数据收集技术与竞技场是录影, 计数接触与灯, 或者物理收集昆虫, 因为他们被吸引对光。该化验的目的是使无选择的昆虫和竞技场可以是单一 (非竞争性) 颜色或多种 (竞争性) 颜色。这种立体设计使有强烈 thigmotaxis 的昆虫返回到竞技场的中心, 在那里他们可以查看竞争性 LED 测试中的所有选项。这里介绍的立体平台被用于蚊子, 床臭虫, 粗麻布苍蝇, 房子苍蝇, 叮咬蠓, 红面粉甲虫和 psocids。生物鉴定是用来开发准确和有效的昆虫陷阱, 以指导开发和优化的昆虫陷阱, 用于监测害虫种群波动的病媒风险评估, 引进入侵物种, 并/或用于人口镇压。

陆地竞技场已经被用来改善红面粉甲虫14的害虫监测陷阱, 为粗麻布飞行15和叮咬蠓7的空中竞技场。虽然立体的竞技场是相似的, 每种昆虫的条件是不同的, 并容纳了评估夜间或日间昆虫, 可以爬行或飞行。更重要的是, 这些实验室研究转化为监测害虫种群变化、入侵物种引进、抑制人口和/或疾病媒介风险评估的现场应用...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Key Elements of Photo Attraction Bioassay for Insect Studies or Monitoring Programs at JoVE.com

Key Elements of Photo Attraction Bioassay for Insect Studies or Monitoring Programs

昆虫研究或监测项目照片吸引力生物测定的关键要素

光吸引生物鉴定竞技场是用来确定最佳的光色 (s), 以最大限度地吸引昆虫;然而生物鉴定和方法是具体的对目标昆虫行为和栖所。可定制的设备和修改解释为夜间或日间和陆地或空中昆虫。

Optimized visual attractants will increase insect trapping efficiency by using the target insect&#39;s innate behaviors (positive photo-taxis) as a means ...

This method can help answer key questions in insect surveillance and control, by improving the attraction of existing traps and incorporating colors or lights into the design of future monitoring and control traps. The main advantage of this technique is the initial evaluation of attractive colors and insect behaviors in the lab, prior to the costly and time consuming tests in the field. Insects have innate behaviors or instincts that should be used to make monitoring and trapping more effective.The bioassay arena is designed to be a flexible method to evaluate behaviors in any insect species, prior to field trials. This protocol uses an aerial arena, but a terrestrial arena design is also available. The critical difference between the aerial and terrestrial arena's is the use of vertical space, which changes the size of the arena.When selecting an arena type for an experiment consider the insect species being studied. The aerial arena has the ability to capture insects in a collection container, whereas the terrestrial arena is a two dimensional object and really is designed for recording visits to the lights. To begin, disassemble and clean the aerial arena with an odorless, non abrasive soap and warm water.Then dry the arena and allow it to finish air drying. Before each experiment record the pertinent environmental conditions, and monitor any trends that occur from experiment to experiment. First, use four supports and black linen cloth to set up a pedestal.Then place the arena baseplate on top of the pedestal and assemble each piece of the arena on the baseplate. Next, place the cloverleaf arena around the central release point in the baseplate. Then install the LEDs into the LED holders of the four collection containers, and set up the electrical equipment to control the lights.To prepare the arena for a competitive experiment, position LED lights with distinct characteristics on each cloverleaf. The arena set up is the most important and critical factor, because simple changes in the arena can alter the insect's behaviors. Therefore, many factors can be changed or altered to address insect behaviors, such as photo attraction.Behaviors with feeding, so blood fed, or sugar fed or starved. Different life history stages or different physiological responses. Next, to control for potential effect of light interference or environmental preferences, rotate the light positions after every replicate.Refer to the text protocol for further information on filming devices. First place the clear lid over the arena, parallel to the baseplate. Then introduce immobilized midges to the arena.After the experimental period record the pertinent environmental conditions. Finally, after euthanizing the midges count the responders in each collection container. In this study the movement of red flower beetles was evaluated in a competitive style terrestrial arena for five minutes, and filmed with an infrared camera.Test colors included blue, and three wavelengths of UV light. The trial data indicated that the beetles were most attracted to near UV light with a wavelength of 390 nanometers. The movement of Hessian flies was also evaluated in a competitive style aerial arena with a diurnal setting.The lights were most attracted to lights in green wavelengths with high intensities. Female flies preferred the green spectra of 502 and 525 nanometers. While both sexes preferred the high intensity 16 watts per square meter light.Biting midges were also tested in the aerial arena under nocturnal conditions, to determine optimal attractive colors. The highest proportions of midges were attracted to UV light, with the brightest lights being the most attractive. Once mastered, the photo attraction bioassay can be used to rapidly assess insect behavior, prior to costly and labor intensive field trials.

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Depression is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition, only partially addressed by current pharmacotherapies. The lack of response to treatment by ...

A Wind Tunnel for Odor Mediated Insect Behavioural Assays

气味介导的昆虫行为检测风洞

Olfaction is the most important sensory mechanism by which many insects interact with their environment and a wind tunnel is an excellent tool to study ...

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

研究成人有无痴呆症或轻度认知障碍的文字识别的词汇决策任务

Older adults are slower at recognizing visual objects than younger adults. The same is true for recognizing that a letter string is a real word. People ...