Name: fluorescence molecular tomography for in vivo imaging of glioblastoma xenografts
Uploaded: 2018-04-26T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for In Vivo Imaging of Glioblastoma Xenografts at JoVE.com

Dr. Frederick Lang, MD Anderson Kanser Merkezi GBM-PDX neurospheres için teşekkür ederim. Bu eser yenilgi GBM araştırma işbirliği tarafından Ulusal beyin tümörü toplum (Frank Furnari), R01-NS080939 (Frank Furnari), James S. McDonnell Vakfı (Frank Furnari); bir iştiraki desteklenmiştir Jorge Benitez bir ödülü Amerikan beyin tümörü Derneği (ABTA) üzerinden tarafından desteklenen; Ciro Zanca kısmen bir Amerikan-İtalyan kanser Vakfı doktora sonrası araştırma bursu tarafından desteklenmiştir. Frank Furnari maaş ve ek destek Ludwig Enstitüsü'nden kanser araştırmaları için alır.

Deneysel araştırma hayvanlar ve lentivirus kanser hücrelerinin transduce gibi bulaşıcı hayvan Kurulusları program tarafından ve kurumsal Biyogüvenlik Kurulu tarafından önceden onay gerektirir. Bu iletişim kuralı (UCSD) University of California San Diego hayvan bakımı kuralları izler.
1. FP635 veya FP720 yapı Glioblastoma hücrelerle etiketlerine göre
<ol><li>Üretmek ve lentivirus Tiscornia vd tarafından açıklanan protokolüne göre arındırmak <sup class="xref...

<ol>
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Tümör xenografts kapsamlı kanser araştırmalarında hem de bir dizi köklü görüntüleme teknikleri geliştirilmiştir: BLI; Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG); Pozitron emisyon tomografisi (PET), bilgisayarlı tomografi (CT); FMT. Her bu yaklaşımların artıları ve eksileri ile gelir, ama sonuçta birbirini tamamlayıcı bilgiler türü ile. Görüntü teknolojisi en sık kullanılan vivo içinde biridir BLI5,6,...

Kanser sanayileşmiş dünya insanlarda hastalık ile ilgili ölümlerin önde gelen nedenlerinden biridir. Son derece yüksek bir ölü sayısı ile yeni tedaviler şiddetle ihtiyaç vardır. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) beyin kanseri, beyin tümörü, stromal ve bağışıklık hücrelerinin türdeş olmayan nüfus oluşan son derece öldürücü bir türüdür. Merkezi beyin tümörü ABD göre birincil kötü huylu ve kötü huylu olmayan beyin tümörü insidansı yaklaşık 100.000 başına 22 vaka olması. Yaklaşık 11.000 yeni vaka 20171ABD'de tanısı için bekleniyor.
Preklinik çalışmaları, uyuşturucu, yordam veya insanlarda test önce etkili olduğu için tedavi olasılığını araştırmak. Preklinik çalışmalarda erken laboratuvar adımlardan biri ilaç tedavisi için potansiyel moleküler hedef insan xenograft model olarak tanımlanan ana bilgisayar canlı, implante kanser hücrelerini kullanarak tanımlayan iş. Bu bağlamda, kafa içi Beyin tümör xenograft modelleri hasta elde edilen xenografts (PDXs) kullanarak beyin tümör biyolojisi, ilerleme, evrim ve terapötik yanıt çalışma ve son zamanlarda biyolojik gelişimi için ilaç yaygın olarak kullanılmıştır Eleme ve kişiselleştirilmiş tıp2,3,4.
Görüntüleme yöntemleri intrakranial xenografts izlemek için en uygun fiyatlı ve non-invaziv vivo içinde biridir bioluminescence görüntüleme (BLI)5,6,7,8. Ancak, bazı BLI sınırlamalar substrat yönetim ve kullanılabilirlik, enzim istikrar ve ışık Şoklama ve edinme9görüntüleme sırasında saçılma sayılabilir. Burada preklinik glioblastoma modelleri izlenecek yöntem Imaging alternatif olarak kızılötesi FMT raporu. Bu yöntem, sinyal Alım ve intracranially implant PDXs miktar, (bundan sonra FP720 adlandırılan) bir yakın kızılötesi floresan protein iRFP72010,11 ifade ya da (bundan böyle FP635 adlandırılan), turboFP635 bir FMT görüntüleme sistemi ile gerçekleştirilir. FMT teknolojisini kullanarak, tümör olabilir orthotopic vivo içinde önce sırasında veya tedaviden sonra preklinik gözlemler için non-invaziv, substrat-Alerjik ve nicel bir şekilde izlenir.

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			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">DMEM/High Glucose&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">HyClone/GE</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">SH30022.1</td>
			<td style="width:744px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">DMEM/F12 1:1&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Gibco</td>
			<td>11320-082</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">FBS</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">HyClone/GE</td>
			<td>SH30071.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Accutase</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Innovative cell technologies</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">AT-104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Trypsin</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">HyClone/GE</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">SH30236.01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">B27 supplement</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Gibco</td>
			<td>17504044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">human recombinant EGF&#160;</td>
			<td>Stemcell Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">2633</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">human recombinant FGF</td>
			<td>Stemcell Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">2634</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">DPBS</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">21-031-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">FACS tubes</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">352235</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">62248</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Blasticidin</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">A1113903</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">p24 ELISA&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Clontech</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">632200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Xylazine</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Akorn</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">NDC 59399-110-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Ketamine</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Zoetis</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">NADA 043-403</td>
			<td>Controlled substance</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Ointment</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Dechron</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">NDC 17033-211-38</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Absorbable suture</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">CpMedical</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">VQ392</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">5 ul syringe</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Hamilton</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">26200-U</td>
			<td>Catalog number as sold by Sigma-Aldrich</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Cell Sorter</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Sony</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">SH8007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Mouse stereotaxic frame&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Stoelting</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">51730</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Motorized stereotaxic injector</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Stoelting</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">53311</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Micromotor hand-held drill</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Foredom</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">K1070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Mouse warming pad&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Ken Scientific Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">TP-22G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">Fluorescence Tomography System&#160;</td>
			<td>PerkinElmer</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">FMT 2500 XL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">TrueQuant Imaging Software&#160;</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">7005319</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Ultra-centrifuge Optima L-80 XP</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">392049</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Tissue Culture 100mm Dishes</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Olympus Plastics</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">25-202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Tissue Culture 150mm Dishes</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Olympus Plastics</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">25-203</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Tissue Culture Flasks T75</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">430720U</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">50 mL conical tubes</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">430290</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">15 mL conical tubes</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Olympus Plastics</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">28-101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Centrifuge Avanti J-20</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">J320XP-IM-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Tube, Polypropylene, Thinwall, 5.0 mL</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">326819</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Tube, Thinwall, Polypropylene, 38.5 mL, 25 x 89 mm</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">326823</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:343px;">Athymic nude mice</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Charles River Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:213px;">Strain Code&#160; 490 (Homozygous)</td>
			<td>Prior approval by the Institutional Animal Care Program and by the Institutional Biosafety Committee required.&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fluorescence molecular tomography for in vivo imaging of glioblastoma xenografts

Tumorigenicity olan bir tümör oluşturmak için yetenek kanser hücrelerinin kitle. İmmünyetmezligi fareler, subkutan kanseri hücreleri enjekte ve görünür ve elle tutulur olduktan sonra tümör kitle ölçüm hücreleri tumorigenic olup olmadığını belirlemek için yaygın olarak kullanılan bir yaklaşım olacaktır. Orthotopic enjeksiyonu kanser hücrelerinin en çok benzeyen menşe okudu tümör doku microenvironment xenograft tanıtmak amaçlanmaktadır. Beyin kanser araştırma kanser hücrelerinin tümör oluşumu ve analiz içinde beyin microenvironment benzersiz izin vermek için kafa içi enjeksiyon gerektirir. Kafa içi xenografts vivo içinde görüntüleme anında engrafted orthotopically farelerde tümör kitle izler. Burada Beyin tümör xenografts, Floresans moleküler tomografi (FMT) kullanımı raporu Kanser hücreleri ilk kızılötesi floresan proteinler ile transduced ve immün farelerin beyninde enjekte. Hayvanlar o zaman zaman uzun süre tümör kitle hakkında kantitatif bilgi edinmek için taranır. Hücre önceden etiketleme, tekrarlanabilir, uygun maliyetli ve güvenilir miktar her fare içinde tümör yükü için izin verir. Biz görüntüleme yüzeylerde enjekte için ihtiyaç ortadan kaldırılmıştır ve böylece hayvanlar üzerinde stres azalır. Bu yaklaşımın bir sınırlama çok küçük kitlelerin algılamak için yetersizlik tarafından temsil edilir; Ancak, diğer teknikleri daha büyük kitleler için daha iyi çözünürlüğe sahip. Bir uyuşturucu tedavisinin etkinliği veya genetik değişiklikler gliyom hücre satırları ve hasta elde edilen örnekler değerlendirmek için uygulanabilir.

Glioblastoma U87EGFRvIII hücreleri (EGF reseptör değişken III aşırı ifade U87 hücreleri) adım 1.2 göre kültürlü. Lentivirus üretilen ve adım 1.1 göre saf. Viral konsantrasyon p24 tarafından belirlendi ELISA analiz. Hücreleri adım 1.8 göre kızılötesi floresan protein taşıyan lentivirus ile transduced. FP72010,11 kodlama plazmid lütfen Dr V.V. Verkhusha tarafından sağlanan ve FP635 vektör ticari bir sat?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for In Vivo Imaging of Glioblastoma Xenografts at JoVE.com

Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for In Vivo Imaging of Glioblastoma Xenografts

Orthotopic kafa içi enjeksiyon tümör hücrelerinin Beyin tümör biyolojisi, ilerleme, evrim ve terapötik yanıt çalışmaya kanser araştırmalarında kullanılmıştır. Burada gerçek zamanlı intravital görüntüleme ve miktar tümör preklinik glioblastoma modellerinde kitle sağlayan Floresans moleküler tomografi, tümör xenografts, mevcut.

Floresans moleküler tomografi Glioblastoma Xenografts in Vivo içinde görüntüleme için

Tumorigenicity is the capability of cancer cells to form a tumor mass. A widely used approach to determine if the cells are tumorigenic is by injecting ...

The overall goal of this experimental procedure is to establish a preclinical brain tumor imaging model using fluorescence molecular tomography or FMT. This method can help answer key questions in the fields of brain tumor biology, cancer research, and drug discovery about tumor aggressiveness, heterogeneity, and treatment responsiveness. The main advantage of this technique is that the tumors can be monitored in vivo before, during, or after treatment in a non-invasive, suture free, and quantitative manner.Another advantage of this technique is the possibility to apply to other types of xenograft models implanted in different organs of the animal. Begin by seeding one times 10 to the sixth glioblastoma cells in five milliliters of medium into a 10 centimeter dish for 24 hour incubation in a cell culture incubator. The next morning, transduce the cells with lentivirus, expressing an appropriate fluorescent protein of interest at a multiplicity of infection of five and return the cells to the incubator.After 24 hours, replace the supernatant with five milliliters of fresh medium and incubate the culture for another 48 hours. At the end of the incubation, replace the medium with three to five milliliters of tripson for 10 to 15 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius followed by careful pipetting to fully dissociate the detached cells. Collect the cells by centrifugation and re-suspend the pellet in 500 microliters of sorting solution.Split the cells into the appropriate number of fax tubes and co-stain the cells with DAPI for dead cell exclusion. Then load the tubes onto the flow cytometer and sort the live cells according to their fluorescent construct expression into a 15 milliliter conical tube containing fresh sorting solution. After centrifugation, re-suspend the construct positive, DAPI negative cells in five milliliters of culture medium and seed them onto a new 10 centimeter dish for their culture at 37 degrees Celsius for 48 to 72 hours.At the end of the incubation, split the cells for seeding into multiple dishes for subsequent in vivo experiments. On the day of the injection, dissociate the fluorescent positive gliomacells into a single cell suspension and re-suspend them at a 0.5 or one times 10 to the sixth cells per two to five microliters of PBS per injection per animal concentration in a 1.5 milliliter microcentrifuge tube on ice. After confirming a lack of response to toe pinch, apply ointment to the eyes of the immuno-deficient Athymic Nude recipient mouse and load a five microliter Hamilton syringe equipped with a blunt tipped needle with the cells for the injection.Mount the syringe into a probe holder and place the mouse in a small, animal sterotactic frame. Fix the head using the ear bars and the incisor adaptor and disinfect the head with 70%ethanol and batadine solution. Using a small scalpel, make a middle incision and separate the skin and connective tissues.Using the micromanipulator, place the Hamilton syringe on the bregma point and move the probe holder one millimeter anteroposterior and two millimeters lateral from the bregma point. After marking the position with a pencil, use a micromotor handheld drill to carefully make a hole in the skull, applying a slight downward pressure until the blood vessels become visible. Introduce the needle into the burr hole three millimeters below the pial surface and inject the cells at a one microliter per minute flow right.When the full experimental cell volume has been injected, gradually remove the needle at a one millimeter per minute ascension rate and clean the injection site with 70%ethanol. Then close the skin wound according to standard protocols and monitor the animal on a warming pad until it has fully recovered. To image the injected cells, place the anesthetized recipient animal in the imaging cassette of a fluorescence molecular tomography imager, head adapter first in the prone position, with the head in the center of the cassette.With the cassette closed, tighten the adjustment knobs to 17 millimeters. When the animal is secure, insert the cassette into the internal docking station and open the imager and analyzer software. In the experimental tab window, select the appropriate database and study group and open the scan tab window.Click select subject to select the subject to image and select the laser channel in the laser channel panel. Click capture to acquire an image and click and drag that scan field in the captured image to identify the source locations. Check the add to reconstruction que option and click scan in the scan tab window.When the scanning is complete, remove the imaging cassette from the docking station and return the animal to its cage with monitoring until full recovery. To analyze the images, in the imager and analyzer software open the analysis tab window and click the plus sign button in the data set selection panel to load the data set and subject for analysis. Then use the ellipsoid icon to select the region of interest and right click the threshold column to adjust the threshold to zero in the statistic data panel.Glioblastoma cells labeled with near-infrared fluorescent proteins, as just demonstrated, exhibit distinct fluorescent profiles that can be distinguished by fluorescence molecular tomography, even up to five days after injection. Further, the lack of background signal between the constructs facilitates dual in vivo imaging of cancer cell populations of interest. In this experiment, fluorescent construct labeled glioblastoma spheres co-transduced with lentivirus encoding SHRNA targeting death-domain associated protein were injected into recipient immunodeficient Athymic Nude mice, as just demonstrated.Reverse transcription quantitative preliminaries chain reaction confirmed the efficacy of the SHRNA targeting in both cancer cell lines and fluorescence molecular tomography revealed a decrease in fluorescence signal in the mice engrafted with SHRNA glioblastoma spheres compared to animals implanted with SH control transduced cells. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to generate preclinical data for brain cancer research using a fluorescence molecular tomography system.

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for In Vivo Imaging of Glioblastoma Xenografts

Coculture Assays to Study Macrophage and Microglia Stimulation of Glioblastoma Invasion

Coculture Tahliller Glioblastoma Invasion Makrofaj ve Mikroglia Stimülasyon Eğitim için

Glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV glioma) is a very aggressive human cancer with a median survival of 1 year post diagnosis. Despite the increased ...

Kanser Araştırmaları

A Comprehensive Procedure to Evaluate the In Vivo Performance of Cancer Nanomedicines

A Comprehensive Procedure to Evaluate the In Vivo Performance of Cancer Nanomedicines

Kapsamlı Usulü değerlendirin<em&gt; İn Vivo</em&gt; Kanser Nanomedicines performans

Inspired by the success of previous cancer nanomedicines in the clinic, researchers have generated a large number of novel formulations in the past ...

Radionuclide-fluorescence Reporter Gene Imaging to Track Tumor Progression in Rodent Tumor Models

Kemirgen tümör modelleri ilerlemesinde tümör izlemek için Imaging radyonüklid Floresans muhabir gen

Metastasis is responsible for most cancer deaths. Despite extensive research, the mechanistic understanding of the complex processes governing metastasis ...

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice

Multipl Miyelom kemik iliği Xenografts NOG farelerde Multimodal kollarındaki ve pozitronik emisyon tomografi/Hesaplamalı tomografi görüntüleme

Multiple myeloma (MM) tumors engraft in the bone marrow (BM) and their survival and progression are dependent upon complex molecular and cellular ...

Live-Cell Imaging Assays to Study Glioblastoma Brain Tumor Stem Cell Migration and Invasion

Canlı hücre görüntüleme deneyleri için çalışma Glioblastoma Beyin tümör kök hücre göç ve işgali

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor that is poorly controlled with the currently available treatment options. Key features of GBMs include ...

In Vivo Immunofluorescence Localization for Assessment of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibody Biodistribution in Cancer Research

Kanser Araştırmalarında Terapötik ve Tanısal Antikor Biyodağılımının Değerlendirilmesi için In Vivo Immunofluoresence Lokalizasyonu

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are important tools in cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment. They are used to unravel the role of proteins in ...

In Vivo Imaging and Quantitation of the Host Angiogenic Response in Zebrafish Tumor Xenografts

Zebrabalığı Tümör Ksenogreftlerinde Konak Anjiyojenik Yanıtın Vivo Görüntüleme ve Kantitasyonunda

Tumor angiogenesis is a key target of anti-cancer therapy and this method has been developed to provide a new model to study this process in vivo. A ...

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

Yapısal DNA Alterasyon Analizi ve Hasta Kaynaklı Ksenogreftler Kullanılarak Kanserde Hedefli Tedavilerin Test Edilmesi

We present here an integrative approach for testing efficacy of targeted therapies that combines the next generation sequencing technolo-gies, therapeutic ...

Enhanced Viability for Ex vivo 3D Hydrogel Cultures of Patient-Derived Xenografts in a Perfused Microfluidic Platform

Perfüzyonlu Mikroakışkan Platformda Hasta Kaynaklı Ksenogreftlerin Ex vivo 3D Hidrojel Kültürleri için Geliştirilmiş Canlılık

Patient-derived xenografts (PDX), generated when resected patient tumor tissue is engrafted directly into immunocompromised mice, remain biologically ...

Drug Screening of Primary Patient Derived Tumor Xenografts in Zebrafish

Zebrabalığında Primer Hasta Kaynaklı Tümör Xenograftların İlaç Taraması

Patient derived xenograft models are critical in defining how different cancers respond to drug treatment in an in vivo system. Mouse models are the ...