Name: generation and coherent control of pulsed quantum frequency combs
Uploaded: 2018-06-08T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs at JoVE.com

我们感谢 r. Helsten 的技术洞察力;p 从 QPS Photronics 的帮助和加工设备;以及 QuantumOpus 和 n 贝尔托光电元件的支持和为我们提供最先进的光子检测设备。这项工作是由下列资金来源作出的: 加拿大自然科学和工程研究理事会 (NSERC) (Steacie、战略、发现和加速赠款计划、Vanier 加拿大研究生奖学金、USRA 奖学金);Mitacs (IT06530) 和 PBEEE (207748);MESI SIIRI 倡议;加拿大研究椅项目;澳大利亚研究委员会发现项目 (DP150104327);欧洲联盟的地平线2020在玛丽玛丽·斯卡洛多斯卡·居里-居里赠款下的研究和创新计划 (656607);(城大 SRG-Fd 计划 (7004189);中国科学院战略优先研究项目 (XDB24030300);欧洲联盟 FP7 方案 INCIPIT (PIOF-GA-2013-625466) 下的《人民方案》 (居里夫人行动);俄罗斯联邦政府通过 ITMO 研究金和教授方案 (赠款 074-U 01);1000人才四川项目 (中国)

1. 通过脉冲激发产生高维频率-bin 纠缠态
<ol><li>按照图 2 (生成阶段) 中概述的方案, 使用偏振维护光纤连接每个组件 (以改善环境稳定性)。</li>
	<li>将电源连接到电光振幅调制器, 并应用直流电压偏移, 调整偏移值, 直到通过它传输的光功率大约减半 (使用光功率计测量), 如峰值2兆瓦的传输值被减半到1兆瓦。</li>
	<li>测量近似的外腔长度。使用关系计算外部腔模式间距,<...

<ol>
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光频域, 通过 QFCs, 在量子应用中是有利的, 原因很多。操作是全局的, 同时对所有状态执行, 这会导致在状态维度增加时不会扩展大小或复杂性的设计。随着组件可以在不改变安装的情况下进行重新配置, 并且能够通过开发现有的和/或开发的半导体和电信基础设施集成到芯片上, 这一点得到了加强。其他光学微腔的生成技术也可以采用, 如二阶非线性微腔28、微盘<sup class="xref...

量子现象的控制为在安全量子通信1、强大的量子信息处理2和量子传感3等不同领域的新应用开辟了可能性。虽然各种物理平台正在积极研究实现量子技术4, 光量子态是重要的候选, 因为它们可以表现出长期的相干时间和稳定性从外部噪音, 优秀传输特性, 以及与现有通信和硅片 (CMOS) 技术的兼容性。
为了充分实现量子技术中光子的潜能, 通过使用多个纠缠方和/或高维度, 可以提高状态复杂性和信息内容。然而, 这种光学状态的芯片生成缺乏实用性, 因为设置是复杂的, 不是完全可伸缩的, 和/或使用高度专门化的组件。具体来说, 高维路径纠缠需要<img alt="Equation 01" src="/files/ftp_upload/57517/57517eq01v3.jpg">一致激发的相同源和复杂的光束分配器5 ( <img alt="Equation 01" src="/files/ftp_upload/57517/57517eq01v3.jpg">状态维度) 电路, 而时间纠缠需要复杂的多臂干涉仪6。值得注意的是, 频域非常适合于复杂状态的可伸缩生成和控制, 如最近在量子频率梳 (QFC)7,8中利用集成光学和电信基础设施9, 为未来的量子信息技术提供了一个有希望的框架。
在集成微腔中利用非线性光学效应产生了片上 QFCs。使用这样一个非线性微谐振器, 两个纠缠光子 (称为信号和滚轮) 是由自发的四波混合产生, 通过湮灭两个励磁光子-与产生的一对叠加的腔的结果对均匀间隔的谐振频率模式 (图 1)。如果单个频率模式之间存在一致性, 则形成10的频率-bin 纠缠态, 通常称为锁模两光子状态11。这个状态波函数可以描述,
<img alt="Equation 02" src="/files/ftp_upload/57517/57517eq02v3.jpg">
在这里<img alt="Equation 03" src="/files/ftp_upload/57517/57517eq03v3.jpg"> , <img alt="Equation 04" src="/files/ftp_upload/57517/57517eq04v3.jpg">分别是单频模式的滚轮和信号分量, 并且<img alt="Equation 05" src="/files/ftp_upload/57517/57517eq05v3.jpg">是 th 信号-滚轮模式对的概率<img alt="Equation 06" src="/files/ftp_upload/57517/57517eq06v3.jpg">振幅。
以前的芯片 QFCs 演示强调了它们作为可行的量子信息平台的通用性, 包括相关光子12、交叉极化光子13、纠缠光子14、15的梳子。,16、多光子状态15、频率-bin 纠缠态9、17。在这里, 我们提供了一个详细的概述 QFC 平台和一个协议的高维频率-bin 纠缠光学状态产生和控制。
未来的量子应用, 特别是那些与高速电子接口 (为了及时信息处理), 要求高纯度的光子状态的高速度生成在紧凑和稳定的设置。我们使用一个主动锁模, 嵌套腔方案, 以产生 QFCs 在电信, C 和 L 频段。微环被并入一个较大的脉冲激光腔内, 光增益 (由掺铒光纤放大器提供) 过滤, 以匹配微环励磁带宽18。锁模是通过对腔体损耗19的电光调制来积极实现的。隔离器确保脉冲传播跟随一个方向。所产生的脉冲列车具有很低的根平均平方 (RMS) 噪声, 并具有可调谐的重复率和脉冲功率。高隔离陷波滤波器将发射的 QFC 光子与励磁场分离开来。这些单光子然后引导通过纤维进行控制和检测。
我们的计划是迈向高世代率, 小脚印 QFC 源, 因为所有使用的组件可能会集成到一个光子芯片上。此外, 脉冲激励特别适合量子应用。首先, 看一双与励磁对称的微谐振腔共振, 它产生双光子状态, 每个光子的特征为线性光量子计算20的单频 mode–中心。同样, 多光子状态可以通过移动到更高的功率激励机制和选择多个信号-滚轮对15来产生。第二, 光子在已知的时间窗口中发出, 对应于脉冲励磁, 可以实现后处理和门控, 以改善状态检测。也许最重要的是, 我们的方案支持使用谐波锁模锁定的高频率光子状态, 而不降低巧合-意外比 (汽车)-这可能为高速、多通道量子信息铺平道路。技术。
为了证明频率域的影响和可行性, 必须以有针对性的方式实现对 QFC 状态的控制, 确保高效的转换和状态一致性。为了满足这些要求, 我们使用级联可编程滤波器和相位调制器-在电信行业中建立的组件。可编程滤波器用于在单光子上施加任意的光谱振幅和相位掩码, 分辨率足以单独处理每个频率模式;射频信号发生器驱动的电光相位调制器促进了频率元件21的混合。
该控制方案最重要的方面是, 它使用单一的控制元素, 同时在单一空间模式下对光子的所有量子模式进行操作。增加量子态维度不会导致安装复杂度的增加, 与路径或时间 bin 纠缠方案形成对比。而且, 所有组件都是外部可重构的 (这意味着可以在不修改设置的情况下更改操作) 并使用现有的电信基础结构。因此, 在超快光学处理领域的现有和即将发展可以直接转移到量子态的可伸缩控制的未来。
总之, QFCs 的利用频率域支持复杂量子态的高速率生成及其控制, 因此非常适合于利用复杂的国家实现实用和可伸缩的量子技术。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector System</td>
			<td>Quantum Opus</td>
			<td>Opus One</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electro-optic phase modulator</td>
			<td>EO-Space</td>
			<td>Low loss model</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Programmable filter</td>
			<td>Finisar&#160;</td>
			<td>WaveShaper 4000s</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Timing electronics</td>
			<td>PicoQuant</td>
			<td>HydraHarp 400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-ring resonator</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>200 GHz FSR micro-ring resonator made from high refractive index glass. See Ref. 24 for platform details.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Erbium-doped fiber amplifier</td>
			<td>Keopsys</td>
			<td>PEFA-SP-C-PM-27-B202-FA-FA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electro-optic amplitude modulator</td>
			<td>Oclaro&#160;</td>
			<td>SD40</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RF tone source</td>
			<td>Rohde &#38; Schwarz</td>
			<td>SMP 04</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RF tone amplifier</td>
			<td>RF-Lambda</td>
			<td>RFLUPA27G34GA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Function generator</td>
			<td>Tetronix</td>
			<td>AFG 3251</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isolator</td>
			<td>General Photonics</td>
			<td>NISO-S-15-SS-FC/APF</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oscilloscope</td>
			<td>Tetronix&#160;</td>
			<td>TDS5052B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Photodiode</td>
			<td>Finisar</td>
			<td>XPDV 50 GHz</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DWDM</td>
			<td>OptiWorks</td>
			<td>DWFUQUMD08BN</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Power supply</td>
			<td>Madell</td>
			<td>CA18303D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generation and coherent control of pulsed quantum frequency combs

提出了一种脉冲量子频率梳的产生和相干操作方法。到目前为止, 由于准备和处理这些状态所需的量子电路越来越复杂, 因此在芯片上以实际方式制备高维状态的方法仍然是难以捉摸的。在这里, 我们概述了如何高维, 频率-bin 纠缠, 双光子状态可以产生在稳定的, 高的产生率, 利用嵌套腔, 主动锁模励磁的非线性微腔。该技术用于产生脉冲量子频率梳。此外, 我们还介绍了如何使用标准通信组件 (如可编程滤波器和电光调制器) 对量子态进行相干操作。具体来说, 我们详细地介绍了如何完成状态表征测量, 如密度矩阵重构, 重合检测和单光子光谱测定。所提出的方法为复杂的高维状态准备和操作协议在频域中形成了一个可访问的、可重构的、可以伸缩的基础。

图 2显示了高维频率-bin 状态的生成和控制 (基于非线性微腔的激发) 的概述方案 (图 1)。此设置使用标准电信组件, 并且在光子生产速率和处理操作应用上具有高度灵活性。图 3显示了通过重合率和汽车作为重复率函数的生成方案的特性, 证明了光子对的生产可以在不减少汽车的情况下增加。在控制部分, 可?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs at JoVE.com

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

脉冲量子频率梳的产生与相干控制

提出了一种利用集成微腔和标准通信组件对高维频率-bin 纠缠光子状态进行实际生成和相干操作的协议。

We present a method for the generation and coherent manipulation of pulsed quantum frequency combs. Until now, methods of preparing high-dimensional ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Fabrication of Nano-engineered Transparent Conducting Oxides by Pulsed Laser Deposition

制备纳米设计的脉冲激光沉积透明导电氧化物

Nanosecond Pulsed  Laser Deposition (PLD) in the presence of a background gas allows the deposition  of metal oxides with tunable morphology, structure, ...

科研

工程学

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

梯度回波量子存储在温暖的原子蒸气

Gradient  echo memory (GEM) is a protocol for storing optical quantum states of light in  atomic ensembles. The primary motivation for such a technology ...

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

纳米加工门定义的GaAs / AlGaAs多量子点横向

A quantum computer is a computer composed of quantum bits (qubits) that takes advantage of quantum effects, such as superposition of states and ...

Analysis of Contact Interfaces for Single GaN Nanowire Devices

单氮化镓纳米线设备分析接触界面

Single GaN nanowire (NW) devices fabricated on SiO2 can exhibit  a strong degradation after annealing due to the  occurrence of void formation at the ...

Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics

外腔半导体激光器的原子物理的构建与鉴定

Since their development in the late 1980s, cheap, reliable external cavity diode lasers (ECDLs) have replaced complex and expensive traditional dye and ...

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

光与连续波光学参量振荡器的量子态工程

Engineering non-classical states of the electromagnetic field is a central quest for quantum optics1,2. Beyond their fundamental significance, such states ...

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering CARS Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution

相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射（CARS）显微可视化药片剂溶出过程中

Traditional pharmaceutical dissolution tests determine the amount of drug dissolved over time by measuring drug content in the dissolution medium. This ...

Selective Area Modification of Silicon Surface Wettability by Pulsed UV Laser Irradiation in Liquid Environment

硅表面润湿性的选择区域改性脉冲紫外激光照射在液体环境

The wettability of silicon (Si) is one of the important parameters in the technology of surface functionalization of this material and fabrication of ...

Study of Siphon Breaker Experiment and Simulation for a Research Reactor

研究堆虹吸断路器试验与仿真研究

Under the design conditions of a research reactor, the siphon phenomenon induced by pipe rupture can cause continuous outward flow of water. To prevent ...

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating

用电解质浇注法对 WS2纳米器件电子态的电场控制

A method of carrier number control by electrolyte gating is demonstrated. We have obtained WS2 thin flakes with atomically flat surface via scotch tape ...