Name: ultralow input genome sequencing library preparation from a single tardigrade specimen
Uploaded: 2018-07-15T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultralow Input Genome Sequencing Library Preparation from a Single Tardigrade Specimen at JoVE.com

Die Autoren danken Nozomi Abe, Yuki Takai und Nahoko Ishii für ihre technische Unterstützung bei der Genom-Sequenzierung. Diese Arbeit wurde unterstützt von Beihilfe für die japanische Gesellschaft für Promotion of Science (JSPS) Research Fellow, KAKENHI Beihilfe für junge Wissenschaftler (No.22681029) und KAKENHI Beihilfe für wissenschaftliche Forschung (B), Nr. 17 H 03620 von JSPS, durch eine Zuschuss für grundlegende Wissenschaft Forschungsprojekte der Sumitomo Foundation (No.140340) und andererseits durch Forschungsgelder von der Regierung der Präfektur Yamagata und Tsuruoka City, Japan. Chlorella Vulgaris verwendet, um die Bärtierchen ernähren wurde mit freundlicher Genehmigung von Chlorella Industry Co. LTD. zur Verfügung gestellt.

1. Vorbereitung
<ol><li>Bereiten Sie 2 % Agarose-Gel mit destilliertem Wasser (DW) als Lösungsmittel in einer 90-mm-Kunststoff-Kulturschale und 10 mL einer 1 % Penicillin/Streptomycin cocktail mit DW. Das Gel kann 2-3 Wochen im Brutkasten gesetzt bei 18 ° c gelagert werden Hinweis: Vermeiden Sie jede Lagerung des Gels unter 10 ° C, für die niedrige Temperatur schrumpft Agarosegel, was in einem winzigen Spalt zwischen dem Gel und der Kultur Gericht Wand, in der die Bärtierchen gefangen werden können.</li>
</ol>...

<ol>
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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anhydrobiosis.">Anhydrobiosis.</a> Annual Review of Physiology. 54 (1), 579-599 (1992).</li><li>Mobjerg, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Survival+in+extreme+environments+-+on+the+current+knowledge+of+adaptations+in+tardigrades.">Survival in extreme environments - on the current knowledge of adaptations in tardigrades.</a> Acta Physiologica. 202 (3), 409-420 (2011).</li><li>Becquerel, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=La+suspension+de+la+vieau+dessous+de+1/20+K+absolu+par+demagnetization+adiabatique+de+L'alun+de+fer+dans+le+vide+les+plus+el&#233;ve.">La suspension de la vieau dessous de 1/20 K absolu par demagnetization adiabatique de L'alun de fer dans le vide les plus el&#233;ve.</a> Comptes Rendus de l'Acad&#233;mie des Sciences. 231, 261-264 (1950).</li><li>Ono, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+ultra-high+pressure+on+small+animals,+tardigrades+and+Artemia.">Effect of ultra-high pressure on small animals, tardigrades and Artemia.</a> Cogent Physics. 3 (1), 1167575 (2016).</li><li>Horikawa, D. 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Bakterielle Kontamination stellt eine Bedrohung für die Genom-Sequenzierung von mikroskopischen Organismen. Während frühere Studien zu tardigrade Genomsequenzierung, Kontamination mit umfangreichen Informatik Methoden12,20herausgefiltert haben, sequenziert wir das Genom von einer einzelnen Person das Risiko von Kontaminationen zu minimieren. Da eine einzelne Bärtierchen enthält ungefähr 50-200 Pg genomische DNA16 und ist umhüllt von...

Bärtierchen sind mikroskopisch kleine Tiere, die einen Ametabolic Staat namens Anhydrobiosis gegenüber Austrocknung eingeben können. Sie wiederherstellen, indem Sie die Absorption von Wasser1,2. Im Ametabolic Zustand sind Bärtierchen in der Lage, verschiedene extreme Umgebungen, die auch extremen Temperaturen3 und Druck4,5, eine hohe Dosierung von UV Licht6, Röntgenstrahlen und Gammastrahlen zu dulden 7 , 8und kosmischen Raum9. Genomdaten ist eine unabdingbare Grundlage für die Erforschung der molekularen Mechanismen der Anhydrobiosis.
Frühere Versuche, das Genom der Bärtierchen sequentiell zeigten Anzeichen einer bakteriellen Kontamination10,11,12,13,14. Genom-Sequenzierung von solchen kleinen Organismen erfordert eine große Anzahl von Tieren und ist anfällig für bakterielle Kontamination; Daher haben wir vorher eine Sequenzierung-Protokoll unter Verwendung einer Frequenzverschiebungen Eingabemethode, ausgehend von einem einzigen Exemplar der Bärtierchen, zur Minimierung des Risikos von Kontaminationen15etabliert. Mithilfe dieser Daten haben wir eine qualitativ hochwertige Neuanordnung und Remontage des Genoms von H. Dujardini16,17weiter durchgeführt. Hier beschreiben wir im Detail dieser Methode für die genomische Sequenzierung von tardigrade einzelnen ()Abbildung 1). Die Validierung dieser Sequenzierung Methode ist darüber hinaus im Mittelpunkt dieses Papiers und ist bereits in unserem vorherigen Bericht16gründlich diskutiert worden.
Diese Methode besteht aus zwei Teilen: die Isolation von einem einzigen Bärtierchen mit möglichst geringen Verunreinigungen und die qualitativ hochwertige Gewinnung von Piktogramm Ebenen der DNA. Die Bärtierchen ist verhungert und gründlich mit Wasser sowie Antibiotika gespült und beobachtet unter dem Mikroskop mit 500 X Vergrößerung um die Beseitigung der bakteriellen Verunreinigungen zu gewährleisten. Frühere Schätzungen und Messungen zeigen, dass ein einzelner Bärtierchen ca. 50-200 Pg genomische DNA-16, enthält, die durch das Chitin-Exoskelett knacken, durch Frost-Tau-wechseln oder durch manuelle Homogenisierung extrahiert wird. Diese genomische DNA ist Bibliotheksbau vorgelegt und auf einem Instrument DNA-Sequenzierung sequenziert. Eine zusätzliche Informatik-Analyse zeigt qualitativ hochwertige Sequenzierung sowie geringe Mengen an Verunreinigungen im Vergleich zu früheren tardigrade Sequenzierung Projekten.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:895px;" width="894">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">SZ61 microscope</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">OLYMPUS</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">BactoAgar</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">Difco Laboratories</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">214010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">Penicillin Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL)</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">Gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15140-148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">VHX-5000 System</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">Keyence</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">0.2mL Silicone coating tube</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">Bio Medical Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BC-bmb20200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">Quick-DNA Microprep Kit</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">ZYMO Research</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D3021</td>
			<td>Use of this kit is absolutey critical; see step 3.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">1.5 mL microtube</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">greiner bio-one</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">616-201</td>
			<td>See 4.1.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">HIgh speed refrigerated micro centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">TOMY</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MX-307</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">Covaris M220</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">Covaris Inc.</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">4482277</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:359px;">ThruPLEX DNA-Seq kit</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">Rubicon Genomics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CAT. NO. R400406</td>
			<td>Use of this kit is absolutey critical; see step 4.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">Thermal Cycler</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">Bioer Technology</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TC-96GHbC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">AMPure XP reagent</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">BECKMAN COULTER Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A63881</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">Wako</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">054-027335</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">EB buffer</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">QIAGEN</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">19086</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">2200 TapeStation</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G2965AA&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">D1000 Reagents</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5067-5583</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">D1000 ScreenTape</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5067-5582</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">Qubit dsDNA BR Buffer/Reagent</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Q32850</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">Cubee Mini-Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">RecenttecGenereach</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">R5-AQBD01aqbd</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">MiSeq 600 cycle v3</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">Illumina Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MS-102-3003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">MiSeq Sequencer</td>
			<td style="width:251px;">Illumina Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SY-410-1003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ultralow input genome sequencing library preparation from a single tardigrade specimen

Bärtierchen sind mikroskopisch kleine Tiere, die einen Ametabolic Staat eingeben genannt Anhydrobiosis gegenüber Austrocknung und kann in ihren ursprünglichen Zustand zurück, wenn Wasser zugeführt wird. Die Genom-Sequenzierung von mikroskopisch kleinen Tieren wie Bärtierchen Risiken bakterielle Kontamination, die manchmal führt zu falschen Interpretationen, zum Beispiel über den Umfang der horizontalen Gentransfer bei diesen Tieren. Hier bieten wir eine Frequenzverschiebungen Eingabemethode um das Genom der Bärtierchen Hypsibius Dujardini, aus einem einzigen Exemplar zu sequenzieren. Durch den Einsatz von strengen waschen und Schadstoffbelastung Ausgrenzung sowie eine effiziente Extraktion der 50 ~ 200 Pg genomische DNA aus einer einzelnen Person, errichteten wir eine Bibliothek mit einem DNA-Sequenzierung sequenziert. Diese Bibliotheken wurden hoch reproduzierbare und unvoreingenommene und eine Informatik-Analyse des sequenzierten lautet mit anderen H. Dujardini Genome zeigte eine minimale Menge an Verunreinigungen. Diese Methode kann auf unculturable Bärtierchen angewendet werden, die mit bisherigen Methoden nicht sequenziert werden könnte.

Schadstoff-Ausschluss:
Dieses Protokoll beinhaltet ein gründliches Waschen der Bärtierchen und eine Sterilisation mit Antibiotika-Behandlung um Kontamination zu minimieren. Dazu gehört auch eine visuelle Überprüfung um die Vollständigkeit dieser Prozesse sicherzustellen. Ein Mikroskopbild gemacht während der Validierung (Schritt 2.4 des Protokolls) ist in Abbildung 2dargestel...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultralow Input Genome Sequencing Library Preparation from a Single Tardigrade Specimen at JoVE.com

Ultralow Input Genome Sequencing Library Preparation from a Single Tardigrade Specimen

Frequenzverschiebungen Eingabe Genom Sequenzierung Bibliothek Vorbereitung von einem einzigen Tardigrade Exemplar

Kontamination während der Genom-Sequenzierung von mikroskopisch kleinen Organismen bleibt ein großes Problem. Hier zeigen wir eine Methode um das Genom der Bärtierchen aus einem einzigen Exemplar mit so wenig wie 50 Pg genomic DNA ohne Verstärkung des gesamten Genoms zur Minimierung des Risikos einer Kontamination zu sequenzieren.

Tardigrades are microscopic animals that enter an ametabolic state called anhydrobiosis when facing desiccation and can return to their original state ...

The goal of this protocol is to sequence the genome of a microscopic organism called tardigrades. We have established a method to sequence the genome of a tardigrade, Hypsibius dujardini, from a single specimen with as low as 50 picograms of genomic DNA with a whole genome application. After isolating a single tardigrade, we minimize bacterial contamination by using antibiotics and visual inspection.We have also utilized two homogenization methods. First and most commonly used in C.elegans using freeze and thaw cycles, and second, a manual crushing of the tardigrade with a pipette tip. DNA is then used to construct a sequencing library and then is sequenced in a MiSeq Instrument.An overall summary of the protocol. After isolation of a single individual, it is subjected to three freeze and thaw cycles for homogenization. The genomic DNA is extracted and purified and is fragmented by sonication.Then a sequencing library is constructed, and after validation of library size distribution, it is sequenced with a sequencing instrument. Prepare 2%agarose gel using distilled water as the solvent in a 90 millimeter plastic culture dish, and 10 millimeters of 1%penicillin streptomycin with distilled water. The gel can be stored for two to three weeks in an incubator set at 18 degrees.Collect a single tardigrade and place on the prepared agar plate, and wash with distilled water two to three times to remove remaining particles. Place the single tardigrade in penicillin streptomycin antibiotics for two to six hours to remove bacterial contamination, and place the decontaminated animal on a clean slide glass using a P10 pipette. Observe the tardigrade under a microscope at 500 times magnification, and confirm that there are no remaining bacteria.Collect individual using a P10 pipette with maximum of five microliters of liquid, and place into a low-binding PCR tube, and remove excess liquid as much as possible. Homogenization and DNA extraction. Homogenize the animal to obtain genomic DNA with one of the following methods.Homogenization with freeze and thaw cycles. Immediately following step 2.5, add 100 microliters of lysis buffer to the PCR tube containing the tardigrade. Place the PCR tube in liquid nitrogen for 10 minutes, and move to a heat block, warm to 37 degrees for 10 minutes.Repeat this step three times. Manual crushing. Under a stereo microscope, crush the individual with a P10 pipette tip by pressing the animal against the PCR tube wall, and immediately add 100 microliters of lysis buffer.Incubate for 30 minutes at room temperature for lysis to occur. Transfer the complete volume of the lysis mixture to a clean 1.5 milliliters low-binding microtube. Add 100 microliters of lysis buffer to the low-binding PCR tube, which is used for homogenization and is now empty.And after pipetting, transfer the mixture to 1.5 low-binding microtube. Repeat this step twice. Add 300 microliters of lysis buffer to a low-binding PCR tube, and after pipetting, move the mixture to 1.5 milliliter low-binding microtube.Add the total of 600 microliters lysis mixture to spin column placed in the collection tube, and centrifuge at 10, 000 G for one minute. Reapply the flow through to the column, and centrifuge at 10, 000 G for one minute. This step is critical to ensure that most of the genomic DNA is bound to the column.Add 500 microliters of wash buffer to the spin column, and centrifuge at 10, 000 G for one minute. Transfer the spin column to a clean 1.5 milliliter microtube. Apply 20 microliters of 10 millimolar first ACL to the spin column and wait for five minutes at room temperature.Centrifuge at 10, 000 G for one minute. The dilution buffer must not contain EDTA, for it interferes with laboratory preparation enzymes. Reapply the flow through to the spin column, and after five minutes incubation at room temperature, centrifuge for one minute at 10, 000 G.Sequencing library construction.DNA fragmentation. Transfer 15 microliters of genomic DNA elute To a 15 microliter microtube for DNA fragmentation, and centrifuge for one minute using a tabletop centrifuge. Fragment the genomic DNA to 550 base pairs.After through pipetting, transfer 10 microliters of fragmented DNA mixture to a clean, low-binding PCR tube. Experiment can be stopped here. Preserve DNA at four or minus 20 degrees.Sequencing library construction. It is absolutely critical to use the specified kit in the following procedures, due to low-input DNA. Prepare the reagents required, following the manufacturer's protocol, and construct the sequencing library without any modifications.After applying library amplification mixture to a library synthesis mixture, perform PCR reaction in a thermal cycler. The PCR reaction was conducted as shown. Purification of the PCR reaction.Add 50 microliters of magnetic beads and pipette 10 times, and centrifuge briefly with a tabletop micro centrifuge. Incubate for two minutes at room temperature. Incubate on magnetic stand for five minutes, or until the solution becomes completely clear, and remove the supernatant.Follow the manufacturer's protocol. Transfer the supernatant without disturbing the pellet into a new low-binding PCR tube. DNA quality check and quantification, and sequencing.Validation of DNA library size distribution. Add three microliters of sample water with one microliter of sequencing library, and mix thoroughly for one minute with a vortex, and briefly centrifuge with a tabletop centrifuge. Conduct electrophoresis and validate the library size distribution with associated software.The main fragment peak should be broadly ranging from about 300 to 1, 000 base pairs. DNA quantification. Add 796 microliters of the solution buffer and four microliters of the fluorescence reagent and mix thoroughly.Dispense 190 microliters of the working solution to two assay tubes, and 197 microliters to one assay tube. Add 10 microliters of standards with known concentrations of DNA to each assay tube containing 190 microliters of working solution, and three microliters of the prepared library to assay tube containing 197 microliters of working solution. Vortex briefly, and centrifuge on the tabletop centrifuge.Quantify the DNA using a fluorometer with three microliter settings. Sequencing of the DNA library. Prepare the sequencing library based on the manufacturer's protocol.Set the reagent cassette and flow cell into the sequencing instrument, and enter the sequencing running information, following the manufacturer's protocol. Run sequencing. Represented results.Exposure of contaminants in high-quality DNA extraction remains to be the critical point in our protocol. To visually examine if they're contaminant, we have incubated the tardigrade in antibiotics, which are penicillin and streptomycin, and also examined the individual under a 500 times microscope. As shown here, visible microbes around the tardigrades are completely illuminated.Following efficient homogenization, DNA extraction, fragmentation, and library preparation. The size distribution of the library is validated using a high sensitive electrophoresis for quality control. The purple and green lines indicate upper and lower markers at 1, 500 and 25 base pairs respectively.Lane L is a ladder marker, lane S and N1 to N4 are five replicates of the same experiment, all starting from a single tardigrade specimen. As it can be seen from the broad uniform and distribution between 200 and 1, 000 base pairs, our protocol is highly reproducible, even with the ultra-low input. Here's the result of fast QC, for synchronized reads obtained from a single sequencing run.Reads are obtained as spare ends of 300 base pairs, where forward and reverse reads are shown in top and bottom, respectively. The distribution shown here is typical of 300 pair end reads, with very high quality base calling above Q30 for first 200 base pairs, and gradually declining to the end. So this method uses only a single individual for one sample.There is no requirements of massive amounts of animals, such as those required in previous tardigrade genome sequencing projects. Culturing methods for most tardigrades have not yet been established. Therefore, enabling genomics sequencing from a single individual, such as those directly from the fieldwork, will have a large impact on tardigrade molecular biology, and possibly for other small animals.Our DNA sequencing methods makes it possible to analyze other numerous microscopic organisms that have not yet been sequenced, such as rare hogweed species, nematodes, water firs, and other options, by connecting the part of the zones and a wider public area, furthering the setting where various biological mechanisms may be possible.

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

Detection of Copy Number Alterations Using Single Cell Sequencing

Der Nachweis von Copy Number Änderungen Single Cell-Sequenzierung

Detection of genomic changes at single cell resolution is important for characterizing genetic heterogeneity and evolution in normal tissues, cancers, and ...

Forschung

Genetik

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen

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Robust DNA Isolation and High-throughput Sequencing Library Construction for Herbarium Specimens

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Retrospective MicroRNA Sequencing: Complementary DNA Library Preparation Protocol Using Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded RNA Specimens

Retrospektive RNA Sequenzierung: Komplementäre DNA Bibliothek Vorbereitung Protokoll mit Formalin fixierten Paraffin-eingebetteten RNA-Proben

&#8211;Archived, clinically classified formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues can provide nucleic acids for retrospective molecular studies of ...

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing

Seltenes Ereigniserkennung mit Fehler korrigiert DNA und RNA Sequenzierung

Conventional next-generation sequencing techniques (NGS) have allowed for immense genomic characterization for over a decade. Specifically, NGS has been ...

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Sequenzierung von mRNA aus Vollblut mit Nanopore-Sequenzierung

Sequencing in remote locations and resource-poor settings presents unique challenges. Nanopore sequencing can be successfully used under such conditions, ...

Single-cell RNA Sequencing and Analysis of Human Pancreatic Islets

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Pancreatic islets comprise of endocrine cells with distinctive hormone expression patterns. The endocrine cells show functional differences in response to ...