Name: isolation, expansion, and adipogenic induction of cd34+cd31+ endothelial cells from human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue
Uploaded: 2018-07-17T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation, Expansion, and Adipogenic Induction of CD34+CD31+ Endothelial Cells from Human Omental and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue at JoVE.com

Die Autoren wollen Becky Marquez, der klinischen Koordinator am Sentara Bariatrisch Zentrum, für ihre Hilfe mit dem Prozess der Patient screening und Zustimmung bestätigen. Diese Forschung wurde durch R15HL114062, Anca D. Dobrian unterstützt.

Das institutionelle Review Board Committee an der Eastern Virginia Medical School genehmigte Forschung und Sammlung von menschlichen Fettgewebe Proben in der Studie verwendet. Informierter Zustimmung wurde von den Patienten gesammelt.
1. Vorbereitung der Puffer, Medien und Instrumente
<ol><li>Bereiten Sie eine Krebs Ringer Bicarbonate-Buffered Lösung (KRBBS): 135 mM Natriumchlorid, Kaliumchlorid 5 mM, 1 mM-Magnesium-Sulfat, 0,4 mM Kalium Phosphat Diabas-, 5,5 mM Glukose, 1 mM Adenosin, 0,01...

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Im Mittelpunkt dieses Papiers ist es, eine Methodik für die Isolierung, Expansion und adipogenen Induktion von CD34 + CD31 + Endothelzellen von viszeralen und subkutanen Depots von menschlichen Fettgewebe zur Verfügung zu stellen.
Methoden sind berichtet worden, für die Isolierung von Endothelzellen aus verschiedenen vaskulären Betten von Nagetieren oder Menschen, bei denen in erster Linie Techniken mit CD31 Antikörper eindringmittel beschriftet oder gekoppelt mit magnetischen Beads<sup c...

Aktuelle Belege dafür, dass sowohl beim Menschen als auch bei Mäusen eine Teilmenge von Zellen, die ihren Wohnsitz in das Fettgewebe Gefäßsystem in entweder weiß oder Beige/braunen Fettzellen1,2,3unterschieden werden kann. Der Phänotyp dieser Zellen ist ein Thema der Kontroverse, mit Nachweise für Endothelzellen, glatte Muskulatur/Pericyte oder ein Spektrum von intermediate Phänotypen4,5,6,7. Der Umfang der Ausarbeitung dieser Methode war, das adipogenen Potenzial von CD34 + CD31 + Endothelzellen aus verschiedenen Fettdepots von übergewichtigen Menschen isoliert zu testen. Andere Studien in der Literatur konzentrieren sich auf das Potenzial der gesamten Stromazellen vaskulären Fraktion oder der bekannten Adipocyte Stammväter2,8,9adipogenen. Da derzeit vorhandene Technologien speziell Fettgewebe Endothelzellen für Drug Delivery10ausrichten können, ist Verständnis das Potenzial solcher Zellen adipogenen unterziehen Induktion auf weißem oder beigem Adipozyten wichtig für zukünftige gezielte Therapien.
Verschiedene Gruppen berichteten die Kombination von CD31 und CD34-Marker als Surrogate, endotheliale Zellen aus menschlichen Fettgewebe11,12,13zu isolieren. In der Regel erfolgt die Isolierung mit zwei aufeinander folgenden Schritten und eine positive Selektion mit magnetischen Beads. In diesem Bericht wurde Immunoseparation mit CD34 + magnetische Beads mit Plastikperlen CD31 kombiniert eingesetzt. Wir fanden diese Technik besser als die sequentielle magnetische Immunoseparation in Bezug auf die Erhaltung der typischen Kopfsteinpflaster endotheliale Morphologie. Darüber hinaus konnten wir erzeugen genügend Zellen für die Expansion und adipogenen Induktion ab weniger als 1 – 2 g Fett benötigt. Eine kleine Probe-Biopsie des subkutanen Fettgewebes ist genug, um die benötigte Menge an Zellen für downstream-Anwendungen zu produzieren. Dieser Aspekt ist potentiell wichtig, insbesondere dann, wenn diese Methode für das Screening für eine Reaktion auf adipogenen Induktion an Probanden genutzt wird.
Im Gegensatz zu anderen Systemen, die in der Literatur beschrieben, nutzt diese Methode nur zwei Zutaten zur adipogenen Einarbeitung von CD34 + CD31 + Zellen: einem PPARγ-Agonisten — Rosiglitazon – und Humaninsulin. Wichtig ist, fällt die Menge an Insulin verwendet in Normal/Hochton des zirkulierenden post-absorptive Insulin in Menschen14. Der Grad der Ansprechbarkeit auf Insulin von den Zellen in Vitro, gemessen durch Phosphorylierung von Akt, korreliert nicht mit ihrer Fähigkeit zur Reaktion auf die Induktion cocktail. Interessanterweise mit diesem Induktion cocktail und experimentellen Bedingungen, eine Mischung aus weiß und Beige/braunen Zellen stammen wie von der Größe und Anzahl der intrazellulären Lipid Tröpfchen und den Ausdruck von molekularen Markern bestimmt. Dieses einfache und kostengünstige Induktion Protokoll zusammen mit der quantitativen Erfassung des Phänotyps der Responder Zellen (weiße vs. Beige) ermöglicht ein Screening der Agents, die potenziell das Gleichgewicht der differenzierten Beige verändern können : weiße Fettzellen.
Diese Methode bietet auch einen translationalen Ansatz für das Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen der angereizte des vaskulären endothelialen Vorläuferzellen im menschlichen Fettgewebe. Mit dieser speziellen Isolierung/Differenzierung Technik können Ermittler Verhören verantwortlich für angereizte in eine Teilmenge der vaskulären endothelialen Zellen aus verschiedenen Fettdepots in schlanke und übergewichtige Menschen verschiedene Wege.

isolation, expansion, and adipogenic induction of cd34+cd31+ endothelial cells from human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue

Adipositas wird begleitet von einer umfangreichen Umbau des Fettgewebes in erster Linie über Adipocyte Hypertrophie. Extreme Adipocyte Wachstum führt ein schlechtes ansprechen auf Insulin, lokale Hypoxie und Entzündungen. Durch die Stimulierung der Differenzierung der funktionalen weiße Fettzellen aus Vorläuferzellen, radikale Hypertrophie der Adipocyte Bevölkerung verhindert werden kann und infolgedessen die metabolische Gesundheit des Fettgewebes verbessert werden kann, sowie eine Reduzierung der die Entzündung. Auch kann durch die Stimulierung einer Differenzierung der Adipozyten Beige/braun, der Ganzkörper-Energieaufwand erhöht werden, was zu Gewichtsverlust. Dieser Ansatz könnte die Entwicklung von Fettleibigkeit Komorbiditäten wie Diabetes Typ 2 und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen verhindern.
Dieses Papier beschreibt die Isolation, Erweiterung und Differenzierung der weiße und Beige Adipozyten aus einer Teilmenge von menschlichen Fettgewebe Endothelzellen, die die CD31 und CD34-Marker Co Ausdrücken. Die Methode ist relativ billig und nicht arbeitsintensiv. Es erfordert Zugang zu menschlichen Fettgewebe und das subkutane Depot eignet sich für die Probenahme. Für dieses Protokoll frisches Fettgewebe Proben aus krankhaft übergewichtigen Probanden [Body-mass-Index (BMI) > 35] werden während der bariatrischen Chirurgie Verfahren gesammelt. Mit einem sequentiellen Immunoseparation von den Stromazellen vaskulären Bruch, sind genügend Zellen von weniger als 2 – 3 g Fett hergestellt. Diese Zellen in Kultur über 10 – 14 Tage erweitert werden können, können kryokonserviert werden und behalten ihre Eigenschaften adipogenen mit bis zu 5 – 6 Durchgang passagierung. Die Zellen werden für 14 Tage mit einer adipogenen cocktail mit einer Kombination von Humaninsulin und PPARγ-Agonisten-Rosiglitazon behandelt.
Diese Methode kann verwendet werden, für den Erhalt der Nachweis der Konzept-Experimente an molekularen Mechanismen, die adipogenen Antworten in Endothelzellen Fettzellen zu fahren, oder für das screening von neuer Medikamenten, die die adipogenen verbessern können Antwort geleitet, entweder in Richtung weiß oder Beige/braun Adipocyte Unterscheidung. Mit kleinen subkutanen Biopsien, kann diese Methode zur Bildschirm aus non-Responder Probanden für klinische Studien zielte darauf ab, Beige/braun und weiße Fettzellen für die Behandlung von Adipositas und Komorbiditäten zu stimulieren.

Unser Protokoll bezweckt eine in-vitro- Ansatz zur adipogenen Potenzial von CD34 + CD31 + vaskuläre Zellen aus verschiedenen Depots von menschlichen Fettgewebe zu bestimmen. Abbildung 1Azeigt ein vereinfachtes Flussdiagramm-Diagramm. Der erste Schritt durch eine positive Selektion von CD34 Ausdruck Zellen führt zu > 95 % CD34 + Zellen in der Bevölkerung der frisch isolierten Zellen (Abbildung 1A). Wichtiger ist, ist d...

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Isolation, Expansion, and Adipogenic Induction of CD34+CD31+ Endothelial Cells from Human Omental and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

Die Unterscheidung von weiß und Beige Adipozyten aus Fettgewebe vaskulären Stammeltern trägt metabolische Verbesserungspotenzial bei Adipositas. Protokolle beschrieben für eine CD34 + CD31 + Endothelzellen losgelöst von menschlichen Fett und für eine spätere in-vitro- Erweiterung und Differenzierung in weiß und Beige Adipozyten. Mehrere downstream-Anwendungen werden diskutiert.

Isolation, Expansion und Adipogenen Induktion von CD34 + CD31 + Endothelial Zellen aus menschlichen Omentalis und subkutanem Fettgewebe

Obesity is accompanied by an extensive remodeling of adipose tissue primarily via adipocyte hypertrophy. Extreme adipocyte growth results in a poor ...

This method can help answer key questions in the obesity field, such as identifying the key factors and mechanisms that prevent a robust adipogenic response during adipose tissue remodeling. The main advantage of this technique is that it allows isolation of CD34+CD31+endothelial cells from human adipose tissue starting with small amounts of tissue. We first had the idea for this method when we wanted to identify cells in human adipose vasculature that respond to adipogenic stimulation.Visual demonstration of this method is critical, as the cell isolation steps are difficult to practice due to the oftentimes limited access to fresh human adipose tissue. Collect human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue from human subjects undergoing bariatric surgery. Immediately after tissue extraction, keep the human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue in separate vials containing Hank's buffered salt solution with 50 micrograms per milliliter of penicillin streptomycin at room temperature.Once the sample arrives at the lab after the tissue extraction, carefully clean and remove fibrotic and cauterized sections of the tissue by using 70%ethanol-swabbed scissors and tweezers. Weigh the adipose tissue and partition it into five gram aliquots for the collagenase digestion. Use two pairs of scissors to finely mince five grams of the adipose tissue in five milliliters of a collagenase solution in a scintillation vial at room temperature.Add an additional 10 milliliters of collagenase solution to the minced tissue for 15 milliliters total. Digest the samples for one hour at 37 degrees Celsius in a water bath with continuous shaking. Following digestion, pour the samples into the 20 milliliter blunt end syringe.Filter the sample through 250 micron nylon mesh into the 50 milliliter conical tube to separate adipocytes and stromal vascular cells from undigested tissue. Wash out the scintillation vial with 10 milliliters of KRBBS, and pour the wash through the filter to collect residual cells before incubating the filtered samples for five minutes at room temperature. Then, utilize a 20 milliliter syringe and a 20 gauge by six inch pipetting needle to remove stromal vascular fraction layer and transfer it to a clean 50 milliliter conical tube.Add 10 milliliters of KRBBS and allow the samples to sit on the bench for five minutes at room temperature. Keep the stromal vascular fractions from both depots on ice for further processing. Spin the stromal vascular fractions at 500 times G for five minutes at 4 degrees Celsius.Remove the samples from the centrifuge and carefully pour off the supernatant, keeping the pellet containing the stromal vascular fraction cells. Gently re-suspend the cell pellets in five milliliters of PBS. After spinning the samples again, remove the supernatant, re-suspend the cells in one milliliter of PBS, and count the cells.Pellet the samples for a third time, and re-suspend the pellet in 100 microliters of CD34 isolation buffer. Add 10 microliters of CD34 cocktail and incubate the sample for 15 minutes at room temperature. Then add five microliters of magnetic beads and incubate the sample for 10 minutes at room temperature.Next, add 2.5 milliliters of CD34 isolation buffer to each sample, and place the samples into the magnet for five minutes at room temperature. Invert the magnet for five seconds to pour off the isolation buffer. After repeating this process four times, remove the tube from the magnet and add two milliliters of CD34 isolation buffer.Following another centrifugation, re-suspend the CD34+cell pellets in one milliliter of CD34 isolation buffer and count the cells. Pellet the cells again, and re-suspend the pellet in 250 microliters of Buffer B and 250 microliters of wash buffer. Next, thoroughly re-suspend the CD31 beads by vortexing the tube, then add 20 microliters of CD31 beads to the re-suspended cell pellet and incubate the sample with rocking for 30 minutes at room temperature.Prior to the cell separation, add one milliliter of wash buffer to equilabrate the strainer. Then, apply the prepared mixture of re-suspended cells in CD31 beads to the strainer. Wash the strainer with five milliliters of wash buffer in a circular motion for a total volume of 20 milliliters.Attach the connector to a sterile 50 milliliter conical tube and close the leur lock. After attaching the strainer to the connector, add one milliliter of wash buffer along the wall of the strainer, then add one milliliter of activated Buffer D along the wall of the strainer. Swirl the sample gently, and incubate it for 10 minutes at room temperature.Next, add one milliliter of wash buffer and separate the cells from the beads by pipetting up and down 10 times. Open the leur lock and allow the detached cells to flow into the 50 milliliter conical tube. Wash the strainer 10 times with one milliliter of wash buffer each time.Discard the connector and strainer, and centrifuge the samples at 300 times G for 10 minutes at 4 degrees Celsius. Finally, re-suspend the cell pellet in two milliliters of complete EGM2 media for culture. Grow the cells in six-well tissue culture treated plates with complete EGM2 media in a 37 degrees Celsius, 5%carbon dioxide incubator.Replace the media every three to four days until the cells reach 80 to 90%confluence. Then, seed approximately 100 to 200 thousand cells into six-well plates, ensuring duplicate wells for each depot, and culture them in complete EGM2 media for two days. After two days, aspirate off any growth media.Replace the media with two milliliters of DMEM/F-12 media with 5%FBS and 50 micrograms per milliliter of penicillin streptomycin for the control cells. For the treatment cells, replace the media with two milliliters of adipogenesis media. Incubate the cells at 37 degrees Celsius in a humidified 5%carbon dioxide incubator for 13 days replacing the respective media every three to four days.Representative results showing the typical endothelial cobblestone-like morphology of the CD34+CD31+cells after two passages in culture is shown. Also demonstrated is the ability of cells to form tubules when cultured in Matrigel as expected. Uniform uptake of fluorescently labeled acetylated LDL shows the presence of a homogenous cell population with endothelial identity.Shown here is Oil Red O staining of neutral lipid droplets in CD34+CD31+cells following 13 days of adipogenic induction. Representative responses of cells from omental and subcutaneous depots of three different human subjects are shown to illustrate the large variability in response to adipogenic induction between fat depots of the same donor and between donors. This image displays fluorescent intracellular lipid staining in CD34+C31+cells after adipogenic induction for 13 days.The image shows cells with unilocular lipids, multilocular lipids, and no lipid accumulation. Real time PCR shows the expression of the pan adipocyte marker adiponectin and the brown beige markers CIDEA and UCP-1. These results confirm that cells following adipogenic induction express molecular markers consistent with a mixed white beige adipocyte phenotype.Once mastered, this technique can be done in five hours if it is performed properly. While attempting this procedure, it is important to remember to use fresh human adipose tissue that was collected and not stored longer than two hours. Following this procedure, other methods like flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR can be performed to identify specific subsets of responding cells, and expression of mature adipocyte markers that can be utilized to identify a beige brown adipocyte phenotype.After it's development, this technique paved the way for researchers in the filed of obesity to explore roles of adipose tissue, vascular cells, and adipogenesis in humans. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to isolate, culture, and expand CD34+31+cells. Don't forget that working with human tissues can be extremely hazardous, and precautions, such as bio-safety regulations, should always be taken while performing this procedure.The implications of this technique extend toward therapy of obesity associated comorbidities, such as insulin resistance, because it identifies adipogenic response of cells to a potential therapeutic intervention.

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Expansion, Purification, and Functional Assessment of Human Peripheral Blood NK Cells

Expansion, Reinigung und Functional Assessment of Human peripheren Blut NK-Zellen

Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in immune surveillance against a variety of infectious microorganisms and tumors. Limited availability of ...

Forschung

Immunologie und Infektion

Expansion of Human Peripheral Blood  &gamma;&delta; T Cells using Zoledronate

Expansion of Human Peripheral Blood  &#947;&#948; T Cells using Zoledronate

Expansion von humanen peripheren Blut γδ T-Zellen mit Zoledronat

Human &gamma;&delta; T cells can recognize and respond to a wide variety of stress-induced antigens, thereby developing innate broad anti-tumor and ...

Isolation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and Their Use in the Study of Neutrophil Transmigration Under Flow Conditions

Isolierung von humanen Nabelschnur-Endothelzellen und ihre Verwendung in der Studie von neutrophilen Transmigration unter Strömungsbedingungen

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell. They form an essential part of the innate immune system1. During acute inflammation, ...

Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells

Isolation von Fettgewebe Immune Cells

The discovery of increased macrophage infiltration in  the adipose tissue (AT) of obese rodents and humans has led to an  intensification of interest in ...

Isolation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells and Epithelial Cells from Human Thymus

Isolierung von myeloider dendritischer Zellen und Epithelzellen Menschliche Thymus

In this protocol we provide a method to isolate dendritic cells (DC) and epithelial cells (TEC) from the human thymus. DC and TEC are the major antigen ...

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Human Maternal-fetal Interface

Isolation von Leukozyten aus dem menschlichen Mutter und Fötus-Schnittstelle

Pregnancy is characterized by the infiltration of leukocytes in the reproductive tissues and at the maternal-fetal interface (decidua basalis and decidua ...

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells

Isolierung der viralen Replikation Compartment angereicherte Teil nuklearen Fraktionen von Adenovirus-infizierten normalen menschlichen Zellen

During infection of human cells by adenovirus (Ad), the host cell nucleus is dramatically reorganized, leading to formation of nuclear microenvironments ...

Assessment of the Synaptic Interface of Primary Human T Cells from Peripheral Blood and Lymphoid Tissue

Bewertung der synaptischen Schnittstelle der primären menschlichen T-Zellen aus peripherem Blut und Lymphgewebe

The current understanding of the dynamics and structural features of T-cell synaptic interfaces has been largely determined through the use of ...

Isolation of Macrophage Subsets and Stromal Cells from Human and Mouse Myocardial Specimens

Isolierung von Makrophagen-Teilmengen und Stromalzellen von Menschlichen und Maus-Myokardproben

Macrophages represent the most heterogeneous and abundant immune cell populations in the heart and are central in driving inflammation and reparative ...

Pneumococcus Infection of Primary Human Endothelial Cells in Constant Flow

Pneumokokken-Infektion von primären humanen Endothelzellen im konstanten Fluss

Interaction of Streptococcus pneumoniae with the surface of endothelial cells is mediated in blood flow via mechanosensitive proteins such as the Von ...