Name: leaf spray mass spectrometry: a rapid ambient ionization technique to directly assess metabolites from plant tissues
Uploaded: 2018-06-21T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Leaf Spray Mass Spectrometry: A Rapid Ambient Ionization Technique to Directly Assess Metabolites from Plant Tissues at JoVE.com

这项工作由 NSF 植物基因组研究计划赠款 IOS-1238812 和生物学 IOS-1400818 博士后研究员资助。这项工作还由孟山都研究生奖学金给凯瑟琳 a. 萨蒙斯的资助。富布赖特非洲研究员学者计划 (2017-2018) 感谢授予 Nokwanda p 麻昆加的资金。我们非常感谢从杰西卡 Prenni 的 nanospray 来源和科罗拉多州立大学蛋白质组学和新陈代谢设施的捐赠。

1. 对 Nanospray 源的改质
<ol><li>使用改进的 nanospray 源进行叶喷雾 MS。由于叶喷雾 MS 不需要射流元件, 所以通过从源中移除 LC 探头来修改源。</li>
	<li>组装叶喷雾 MS 丝, 将应用电压的植物组织与适当的针插入源。将引脚焊接到绝缘导线的一端;将钳位焊在导线的另一端。 注: 夹子 (鳄鱼夹子类型) 可能或可能没有牙。对于小组织, 无牙钳是首选。一个可选的弹性臂与钳位可以添加到 nanospray 源, 以协?...

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J., Bain, R. M., Wiley, J. S., Ouyang, Z., Cooks, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mass+spectrometry+in+the+home+and+garden.">Mass spectrometry in the home and garden.</a> Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 26 (2), 224-230 (2015).</li><li>Lawton, Z. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analytical+validation+of+a+portable+mass+spectrometer+featuring+interchangeable,+ambient+ionization+sources.">Analytical validation of a portable mass spectrometer featuring interchangeable, ambient ionization sources.</a> Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 28 (6), 1048-1059 (2017).</li><li>. GNPS Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://gnps.ucsd.edu/">https://gnps.ucsd.edu/</a> (2018)</li><li>Chambers, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+cross-platform+toolkit+for+mass+spectrometry+and+proteomics.">A cross-platform toolkit for mass spectrometry and proteomics.</a> Nature Biotechnology. 30 (10), 918-920 (2012).</li><li>Pluskal, T., Castillo, S., Villar-Briones, A., Ore, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MZmine2:+modular+framework+for+processing,+visualizing,+and+analyzing+mass+spectrometry-based+molecular+profile+data.">MZmine2: modular framework for processing, visualizing, and analyzing mass spectrometry-based molecular profile data.</a> BMC Bioinformatics. 11, 395 (2010).</li><li>Meyer, G. M. J., Wink, C. S. D., Zapp, J., Maurer, H. 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该协议的成功使用依赖于植物种类、组织类型和目标化合物的各种步骤的优化。协议中描述的参数提供了一个良好的起点。以下实验决定需要做和测试: 是否使用 (1) 切开或未切割的组织和 (2) 溶剂或无溶剂, (3) 什么溶剂使用和在什么容量, (4) 从离子入口的组织距离应该是什么, (5) 电压振幅。优化的目标是找出产生连续信号的条件, 持续至少三十年代到几分钟。条件应提供足够的和可重现的信号强?...

植物含有多种化学性质的小分子。MS 是一种强有力的分析植物化合物的技术, 因为它能为代谢产物的检测和鉴定提供高灵敏度和特异性的元素成分1。最常见的是, ms 是在溶剂提取的样品, 这是分离的色谱之前, ms 分析1。然而, 使用液相色谱 (LC) 需要冗长的分析时间, 往往与广泛的样品准备1。相反, 直接化学分析的完整组织, 绕过色谱是一个非常迅速的技术, 需要最小的样品准备2。因此, 在色谱步骤可以被放弃的情况下, 直接的化学分析可以是非常有利的。
典型的 LC MS 为自然产品和新陈代谢研究依靠长的散装提取干燥或冷冻植物材料包含多组织和细胞类型3。或者, 直接化学分析, 如 MS 检测植物组织的代谢物, 可以隔离细胞类型和避免准备工件4。叶喷雾 ms, 也称为组织喷雾5,6, 是一个直接的环境电离 MS 技术, 这要求基本上没有样品准备5,7。叶喷雾 ms 与纸面喷雾 ms 密切相关, 这是一种具有电喷雾电离特性的环境电离技术, 可以检测沉积在纸7上的分析物。尽管名称, 叶喷雾 MS 是适用于各种类型的植物组织, 而不仅仅是叶子, 并已证明在水果, 种子, 根, 花卉组织, 块茎, 其中包括6,8,9, 10,11,12。该技术促进了内源植物化学物质直接从植物材料电离到质谱仪中检测8。叶喷雾 MS 还可以提供关于植物中不同组织类型的化学物质的空间分布的信息13。当叶喷雾 ms 与溶剂萃取和 LC ms 相比, 结果表明, 叶喷雾 ms 允许快速检测的表面代谢产物, 从独特的细胞类型, 如毛13。图 1说明了叶喷雾 MS 实验设置。直接电喷雾电离只在少量的源修改后发生。高压通过金属钳被应用到植物组织中, 产生一喷雾高电荷的水滴形成一个泰勒锥, 将离子传送到 MS 的离子入口. 电喷雾电离发生从植物的天然液体或溶剂李波爆炸到植物表面。一个尖尖的组织促进了电喷雾, 可以自然地发生或通过切割创建。
叶喷雾 MS 是一种快速的方法, 定性和半定量分析的完整的植物组织, 已发现效用广泛的应用。例如, 该技术被用来检测内源化合物, 以区分相关物种, 甚至评估在不同条件下生长的同一物种的变化。以前的研究通过测定紫珠中的代谢产物 (紫L) 表明了这种方法。12和美国人参(西洋参)6. 在后一种例子中, 可以在润湿生人参后发现人参皂甙、氨基酸和寡糖。野生和栽培西洋参被区分从块茎切片6。人参块茎的完整性保存后, 叶喷雾 MS, 允许随后的形态学和显微检查6。此外, 还可以检测植物样品中的外源化合物。在9水果和蔬菜的果皮或果肉上发现了一些杀虫剂 (脒、二苯胺、唑、linuron 和噻)。虽然这些研究和许多其他已经表明了叶喷雾 MS 的用途, 为各种特定目的, 一个详细的协议没有以前报告。
在这里, 协议描述不会集中于对特定组织或化合物的方法的优化。相反, Sceletium tortuosum (L.) n.e. (Aizoaceae) 中的 mesembrine 生物碱的检测被用作一个例子, 讨论在为物种、组织或化合物 (s) 第一次。tortuosum是南非半干旱 Karroo 地区特有的肉质植物。一种传统医学的 San 和同属的民族, 它被用于食欲和口渴抑制以及它的精神和镇痛作用14,15。目前, 标准提取物用于精神和神经心理疾病的治疗16,17。感兴趣的主要化合物包括生物碱 mesembrine 及其衍生物, 其中许多也见于相关的Sceletium物种15。tortuosum的野生和栽培种群都有 mesembrine 生物碱的浓度变化, 从而提出了质量控制挑战18。一种快速检测 mesembrine 生物碱的方法, 如叶喷雾 MS, 可用于监测Sceletium产品。由于以前没有对叶喷雾 MS 技术进行详细的可视化实验协议, 我们将用S. tortuosum的例子说明该方法, 并描述了以下内容: nanospray 源的修改、植物组织的选择和制备, 数据的获取, 结果的解释, 以及 MS 参数的优化。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="880">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:237px;">Conn Pin</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Digi-Key elctronics&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">WM2563CT-ND</td>
			<td style="width:385px;">pin will insert into Thermo Scientific&#160; source to provide voltage&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:237px;">small clamp</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Digi-Key elctronics&#160;</td>
			<td>314-1018-ND</td>
			<td>CLIP MICRO ALLIGATOR COPPER 5A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:237px;">large clamp</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Digi-Key elctronics&#160;</td>
			<td>290-1951-ND</td>
			<td>ALLIGATOR CLIP NARROW NICKLE 5A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Heat shrink</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Digi-Key elctronics&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Q2Z1-KIT-ND</td>
			<td>to cover soldering joints&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:237px;">NSI source Nanospray Ion Source</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Thermo scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NA</td>
			<td>Another brand will work if you are not using a Thermo instrument</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:237px;">Q Exactive- hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Thermo scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NA</td>
			<td>Another brand will work if you are not using a Thermo instrument</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:237px;">Tune Software</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Thermo scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Another brand will work if you are not using a Thermo instrument</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:237px;">Xcalibur Software</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Thermo scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:237px;">Plant of interest - S. tortousum</td>
			<td style="width:139px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

leaf spray mass spectrometry: a rapid ambient ionization technique to directly assess metabolites from plant tissues

植物产生数以千计的小分子, 它们的化学性质多种多样。质谱 (MS) 是一种有效的分析植物代谢产物的技术, 因为它提供了高灵敏度和特异性的分子量。叶喷雾 MS 是一种环境电离技术, 植物组织用于直接化学分析通过电喷雾, 消除色谱的过程。这种取样代谢物的方法允许从完整的植物组织同时检测出多种化学类, 从而尽量减少所需的样品准备量。当使用高分辨率, 准确的质量 ms, 叶喷雾 ms 促进快速检测代谢物的兴趣。还可以用这种技术收集串联质量碎片数据, 以促进复合识别。准确的质量测量和碎片的结合有利于确认复合恒等式。叶喷雾 MS 技术只需要小的修改 nanospray 电离源, 是一个有用的工具, 进一步扩大的能力, 质谱仪。本文对南非传统药用植物Sceletium tortuosum (Aizoaceae) 的鲜叶组织进行了分析;用叶喷雾质谱检测了大量 mesembrine 生物碱。

在发芽后10周, 用叶喷雾质谱分析了新鲜收集的温室tortuosum叶。用叶喷雾 MS 检测tortuosum叶中代谢产物的实验工作流程如图 2所示。选择一叶, 切成带锥形端的薄条, 形成点, 并夹持叶状喷涂 MS 线钳装置。植物组织被安置了 ~ 30 毫米从离子入口并且与 x 和 y 轴一致。在tortuosum叶的叶喷雾剂启动后, 检测到没有任何溶剂的离子。Sceletiu...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Leaf Spray Mass Spectrometry: A Rapid Ambient Ionization Technique to Directly Assess Metabolites from Plant Tissues at JoVE.com

Leaf Spray Mass Spectrometry: A Rapid Ambient Ionization Technique to Directly Assess Metabolites from Plant Tissues

叶喷雾质谱法是一种直接的化学分析技术, 它能最大限度地减少样品的制备, 消除色谱, 从而快速检测植物组织中的小分子。

叶喷雾质谱: 一种快速的环境电离技术直接评价植物组织中的代谢产物

Plants produce thousands of small molecules that are diverse in their chemical properties. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful technique for analyzing ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Experimental Design for Laser Microdissection RNA-Seq: Lessons from an Analysis of Maize Leaf Development

激光显微切割RNA测序实验设计：从玉米叶片发展的经验分析

Genes with important roles in development frequently have spatially and/or temporally restricted expression patterns. Often these gene transcripts are not ...

科研

生物化学

Time-resolved ElectroSpray Ionization Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry for Studying Protein Structure and Dynamics

时间分辨电喷雾电离氢氘交换质谱用于研究蛋白质结构与动态

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have long been a challenge to structural biologists due to their lack of stable secondary structure elements. ...

Resolving Affinity Purified Protein Complexes by Blue Native PAGE and Protein Correlation Profiling

解决由蓝变性PAGE和蛋白质相关剖析亲和纯化的蛋白复合物

Most proteins act in association with others; hence, it is crucial to characterize these functional units in order to fully understand biological ...

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

一种简单的分级提取方法，用于从单个样品中综合分析代谢物，脂质和蛋白质

Understanding of complex biological systems requires the measurement, analysis and integration of multiple compound classes of the living cell, usually ...

Optimal Preparation of Formalin Fixed Samples for Peptide Based Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging Workflows

多肽基基质辅助激光解吸/电离质谱成像中福尔马林固定样品的优化制备工作流

The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) has rapidly expanded, since this technique analyzes a host ...

Detection of Protein Ubiquitination Sites by Peptide Enrichment and Mass Spectrometry

通过肽浓缩和质谱检测蛋白质泛化位点检测

The posttranslational modification of proteins by the small protein ubiquitin is involved in many cellular events. After tryptic digestion of ...

Sample Preparation for Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

探头电喷电镀质谱的样品制备

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool in analytical chemistry because it provides very accurate information about molecules, such as mass-to-charge ...

Isolation of Histone from Sorghum Leaf Tissue for Top Down Mass Spectrometry Profiling of Potential Epigenetic Markers

从高梁叶组织中分离出希石，用于自上而下质量光谱分析潜在的表观遗传标记

Histones belong to a family of highly conserved proteins in eukaryotes. They pack DNA into nucleosomes as functional units of chromatin. ...

Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Peptidoglycan by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Bioinformatics

肽聚糖的液相色谱质谱和生物信息学半定量分析

Peptidoglycan is an important component of bacterial cell walls and a common cellular target for antimicrobials. Although aspects of peptidoglycan ...

Quantitative Metabolomics of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Quantitative Metabolomics of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

使用液体色谱加上串联质谱法的 糖核 酸菌的定量元细胞学

Metabolomics is a methodology used for the identification and quantification of many low-molecular-weight intermediates and products of metabolism within ...