Name: measuring magnetically-tuned ferroelectric polarization in liquid crystals
Uploaded: 2018-08-15T14:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals at JoVE.com

我们感谢 Takanishi 教授在我们实验中的帮助。我们还感谢 DIC 公司提供了这里所研究的化合物。这项工作得到了 jsp 研究员 (16J02711)、jsp KAKENHI 赠款号17H01143 的资助, 以及领导研究生院 "交互式材料军校学生计划" 的资助。

1. 液晶细胞的制备及细胞间隙的测定
<ol><li>
液晶电池的制备
	<ol>
<li>将镀铟/锡氧化物 (ITO) 的玻璃基体切割成所需尺寸 (典型尺寸:10 x 10 x 1.1 毫米,图 2A)。要切割基板, 请用玻璃切割机在他们的脸上划上一条线, 手动切断多余的玻璃。</li>
		<li>用35赫的超声波浴中的洗涤剂清洗切割玻璃基板30分钟. 在超声波浴中用去离子水冲洗10分钟. 更换去离子水并冲洗衬底5次以...

<ol>
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C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnetic+ordering-induced+multiferroic+behavior+in+[CH3NH3][Co(HCOO)3]+metal-organic+framework.">Magnetic ordering-induced multiferroic behavior in [CH3NH3][Co(HCOO)3] metal-organic framework.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 138, 1122-1125 (2016).</li><li>Qin, W., Xu, B., Ren, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+organic+approach+for+nanostructured+multiferroics.">An organic approach for nanostructured multiferroics.</a> Nanoscale. 7, 9122-9132 (2015).</li><li>Scott, J. 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A., Lagerwall, S. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Submicrosecond+bistable+electro-optic+switching+in+liquid+crystals.">Submicrosecond bistable electro-optic switching in liquid crystals.</a> Applied Physics Letters. 36, 899-901 (1980).</li><li>Vantomme, G., Gelebart, A. H., Broer, D. J., Meijer, E. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+of+liquid+crystal+networks+for+macroscopic+oscillatory+motion+induced+by+light.">Preparation of liquid crystal networks for macroscopic oscillatory motion induced by light.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (127), e56266 (2017).</li><li>Yang, K. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurements+of+empty+cell+gap+for+liquid-crystal+displays+using+interferometric+methods.">Measurements of empty cell gap for liquid-crystal displays using interferometric methods.</a> Journal of Applied Physics. 64 (9), 4780-4781 (1988).</li><li>Born, M., Wolf, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Principles of Optics. , (1987).</li><li>Dierking, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Textures of Liquid Crystals. , (2003).</li><li>Filipi&#269;, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dielectric+properties+near+the+smectic-C*+-smectic-A+phase+transition+of+some+ferroelectric+liquid-crystalline+systems+with+a+very+large+spontaneous+polarization.">Dielectric properties near the smectic-C* -smectic-A phase transition of some ferroelectric liquid-crystalline systems with a very large spontaneous polarization.</a> Physics Review A. 38, 5833-5839 (1988).</li><li>Carlsson, T., &#381;ek&#353;, B., Filipi&#269;, C., Levstik, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Theoretical+model+of+the+frequency+and+temperature+dependence+of+the+complex+dielectric+constant+of+ferroelectric+liquid+crystals+near+the+smectic-C*+-smectic-A+phase+transition.">Theoretical model of the frequency and temperature dependence of the complex dielectric constant of ferroelectric liquid crystals near the smectic-C* -smectic-A phase transition.</a> Physics Review A. 42, 877-889 (1990).</li><li>Michelson, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physical+realization+of+a+Lifshitz+point+in+liquid+crystals.">Physical realization of a Lifshitz point in liquid crystals.</a> Physical Review Letters. 39, 464 (1977).</li><li>Mu&#353;evi&#269;, I., &#381;ek&#353;, B., Blinc, R., Rasing, T., Wyder, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phase+diagram+of+a+ferroelectric+chiral+smectic+liquid+crystal+near+the+Lifshitz+point.">Phase diagram of a ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal near the Lifshitz point.</a> Physical Review Letters. 48, 192 (1982).</li><li>Mu&#353;evi&#269;, I., &#381;ek&#353;, B., Blinc, R., Rasing, T., Wyder, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dielectric+study+of+the+modulated+smectic+C*-uniform+smectic+C+transition+in+a+magnetic+field.">Dielectric study of the modulated smectic C*-uniform smectic C transition in a magnetic field.</a> Physica Status Solidi(b). 119, 727-733 (1983).</li><li>Blinc, R., Mu&#353;evi&#269;, I., &#381;ek&#353;, B., Seppen, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ferroelectric+liquid+crystals+in+a+static+magnetic+field.">Ferroelectric liquid crystals in a static magnetic field.</a> Physica Scripta. 35, 38-43 (1991).</li><li>Blinov, L. 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实验结果表明, 本文所描述的方法成功地证明了液晶中的偶联。在固定的 smectic 层结构中, 观察到的我和磁介电效应可以与分子取向的取向转移有关。然而, 层状结构中的层法线方向n0也可以通过磁各向异性施加磁场来改变。这是因为分子倾向于通过它们的磁性各向异性来进行n和磁场的平行排列。n0和磁场的平行布置也比 SmC...

磁电 (i.) 效应的研究, 电磁 (电) 磁场诱导极化 (磁化), 一直致力于新型的应用, 如传感器和存储技术。最近对我的研究 multiferroics1,2,3,4, 我研究领域的目标系统扩展到各种类型的固态材料, 包括无机, 有机, 和金属-有机框架, 利用自旋晶格联轴器巧妙5,6,7,8,9。然而, 室温操作, 必须完成, 以实际利用我的材料与他们的我联轴器, 仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题, 并报告了非常有限的单相材料的室温magnetoelectrics 至今10。
液体水晶, 拥有一个取向顺序, 有时以部份位置一, 也被审查了关于我材料在最近岁月11,12,13,14,15. 液晶作为我材料的优点之一是它们的工作温度, 因为液态晶体相通常在室温下稳定。我的一个例子液晶报告到目前为止是一个复合体磁性纳米血小板与垂直磁性各向异性和液晶显示的向列相, 称为最简单的液晶相, 只有一维取向命令15。通过对耦合血小板的电场操作和分子方向的分析, 表明了电场对磁化的影响。
最近, 提出了另一个独特的战略, 以建立在液态晶体的我的作用,16。这一策略的重点是创建一个手性 smectic C (SmC *) 阶段与一维位置顺序, 导致一个扩散层结构称为 smectic 层。SmC * 相的一个特征是分子取向向量n与局部电偶极矩p耦合。这种相关性是由杆状成分分子的倾斜方向与 smectic 层法线n0的结合, 以及在分子中的手性诱导镜 (和反转) 对称断裂提供的。从对称性的角度, 前者将D∞h (所谓的 SmA 相、图 1A) 的对称性改变为C2h (即所谓 SmC 相、图 1B) 和后者打破c2h的镜像对称性, 使对称度降低为c2 (SmC * 阶段, 参见图 1C中的每一层)。在每个 SmC * 层中, 允许沿C2轴存在有限极化, 这对n0和n都是正常的。n和p之间的强耦合是液晶中铁电性的必要条件。在 SmC * 阶段, n以螺旋方式通过图层 (图 1C) 对齐, 因此没有宏观极化。这种液晶中的铁电性是通过使用强表面效应来实现的, 它稳定了n被称为表面稳定铁电液晶 (SSFLC) 状态的均匀取向状态 (图 1D)。应该指出的是, 铁电极化反转总是伴随着双稳态方向状态的开关, 通过n和p17之间的耦合。作为逆效应, SmC * 相的分子取向的变化预期会引起电极化的变化。通过磁性元素和/或在液晶分子中的芳香环上的旋转引起的磁各向异性, 以及由于分子相互作用较弱而在液态晶体状态下的n的弹性, n是也可由磁场调谐。因此, SmC * 相可以转化为磁场诱导的均匀定向状态, 类似于 SSFLC 状态。因此, 当宏观极化的发展是由n和p的均匀对准, 在所有层中产生时, 直接的我效应, 通过磁场诱导电极化。
我们介绍的程序, 以准备液晶细胞的调查我的联结和方法, 以检测我的效果。本文详细地介绍了一种制备液晶细胞的方法, 前18。在这里, 我们修改了这个方法的介电和我的测量。在这里详细介绍了该方法, 我们检测到磁调谐电极化, 即直接我的作用, 在液晶显示 SmC * 阶段在室温下。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Material</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Compound 1: Figure 4(A)</td>
			<td>DIC Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>&#8211;N/A</td>
			<td>PYP-8O8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Compound 2: Figure 4(B)</td>
			<td>DIC Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>PYP-10O10F</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ITO-coated glass substrates</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Inc.</td>
			<td>703192-10PK</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Detergent</td>
			<td>Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.</td>
			<td>031-10401</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alignment layer planer</td>
			<td>JSR Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>AL1254</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spacer</td>
			<td>Teijin Film Solutions Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>Q51-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glue</td>
			<td>Huntsman Inc.</td>
			<td>ARALDITE RT30</td>
			<td>For gluing two substrates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glue</td>
			<td>M&#38;I Materials ltd.</td>
			<td>Apiezon H Grease</td>
			<td>For gluing a cell and homemade insert</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silver paste</td>
			<td>Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>D-753</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrasonic cleaner</td>
			<td>AS ONE Corp.</td>
			<td>AS52GTU</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spin coater</td>
			<td>Mikasa Co. Ltd.</td>
			<td>1H-D7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polarized optical microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>ECLIPSE LV100N POL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Short-pass filter</td>
			<td>Thorlabs Inc.</td>
			<td>FB600-40</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical spectrometer</td>
			<td>Ocean Optics Inc.</td>
			<td>USB2000+UV-VIS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Differential thermal analyzer</td>
			<td>Rigaku Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>Thermo plus EVO2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Superconducting magnet</td>
			<td>Quantum Design Inc.</td>
			<td>PPMS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LCR meter</td>
			<td>Keysight Technologies Ltd.</td>
			<td>E4980A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrometer</td>
			<td>Keithley Instruments Inc.</td>
			<td>6517A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

measuring magnetically-tuned ferroelectric polarization in liquid crystals

材料显示, 磁性和 (铁) 电之间的耦合现象,即电磁效应, 引起了很大的关注, 因为他们的潜在应用, 未来的设备技术, 如传感器和存储。然而, 通常使用含有磁性金属离子 (或自由基) 材料的常规方法有一个主要问题: 只有少数材料被发现在室温下显示耦合现象。最近, 我们提出了一种实现室温 magnetoelectrics 的新方法。与传统的方法相反, 我们的替代方案侧重于一种完全不同的材料, 即 "液晶", 不含磁性金属离子。在这种液晶中, 磁场可以通过分子的磁性各向异性来控制组成分子的取向态和相应的电极化;这是一个空前的磁电效应机制。在这一背景下, 本文提供了一种测量磁场诱发的铁电性质的协议, 即在液晶中的直接磁磁场效应。在此方法中, 我们成功地检测到在室温下液晶手性 smectic C 相的磁调谐电极化。结合构成分子的灵活性, 直接影响磁电反应, 引入的方法将使液晶细胞获得更多的功能, 室温 magnetoelectrics 和相关光学材料。

只有当观察到液态晶体样品中的 i 效应时, 该协议才被认为是成功的。在这里, 我们测量了直接的我的作用, 在一个液晶样品所编写的上述程序。对于测量, 在平面磁场中应用的角度倾斜由约45°从摩擦方向 (正常到 smectic 层), 因为最大的磁场诱导极化检测在这个配置16。
图 9A显示了电极化?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals at JoVE.com

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

在本报告中, 我们提出了一种检验直接磁电效应的协议,即在液晶中应用磁场来诱导铁磁极化。该协议提供了一个独特的方法, 支持的柔软的液晶, 以实现室温 magnetoelectrics。

液晶中磁调谐铁电极化的测量

Materials showing coupling phenomena between magnetism and (ferro)electricity, i.e., magnetoelectric effects, have attracted a great deal of attention due ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy

在液体中使用液体池透射电子显微镜揭示材料的动态过程

The recent development for in situ transmission electron microscopy, which allows imaging through liquids with high spatial resolution, has attracted ...

科研

工程学

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode

超声速度测量的液态金属电极

A growing number of electrochemical technologies depend on fluid flow, and often that fluid is opaque. Measuring the flow of an opaque fluid is inherently ...

Selective Area Modification of Silicon Surface Wettability by Pulsed UV Laser Irradiation in Liquid Environment

硅表面润湿性的选择区域改性脉冲紫外激光照射在液体环境

The wettability of silicon (Si) is one of the important parameters in the technology of surface functionalization of this material and fabrication of ...

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

锁模自动化的非线性偏振旋转光纤激光器通过输出偏振测量

When a laser is mode-locked, it emits a train of ultra-short pulses at a repetition rate determined by the laser cavity length. This article outlines a ...

Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid

亚纳米级分辨率成像与调幅原子力显微镜在液体

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become a well-established technique for nanoscale imaging of samples in air and in liquid. Recent studies have shown ...

Studying Dynamic Processes of Nano-sized Objects in Liquid using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

使用扫描透射电子显微镜研究纳米大小的物体的动态过程中的液体

Samples fully embedded in liquid can be studied at a nanoscale spatial resolution with Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) using a ...

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

由界面润湿片的热力学生长触发的液晶中的定向转变

In liquid crystal (LC) physical chemistry, molecules near the surface play a great role in controlling bulk orientation. Thus far, mainly to achieve ...

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

自旋角分辨光电子光谱与偏振变激光相结合的实验方法

The goal of this protocol is to present how to perform spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy combined with polarization-variable 7-eV laser ...

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

基于范德华 Heteroepitaxy 的柔性铁电元件制备及测量方法

Flexible non-volatile memories have received much attention as they are applicable for portable smart electronic device in the future, relying on ...

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

PVDF 薄膜传感器对水黾腿跳起动力的测量

This study aimed to make an explanation for the phenomenon in nature that water strider usually jumps or glides on the water surface easily but quickly, ...