Name: high-throughput dna extraction and genotyping of 3dpf zebrafish larvae by fin clipping
Uploaded: 2018-06-29T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-throughput DNA Extraction and Genotyping of 3dpf Zebrafish Larvae by Fin Clipping at JoVE.com

Forfatterne vil gerne takke den sjældne sygdomsmodeller og mekanisme (RDMM) netværk (finansieret af den canadiske institutter for sundhed Research (CIHR) og genom Canada). CK er understøttet af en UROP scholarship award (University of Ottawa). DLJ understøttes af en Vanier Canada Graduate stipendium. IAP understøttes af en canadisk institutter for sundhed Research (CIHR) postdoc stipendium award. Forfatterne takke den Genetics Society of America for tilladelse til at offentliggøre denne protokol og til at bruge en tilpasning af den supplerende figur 5 fra Pena, mfl.

Procedurer, der involverer dyr emner er blevet godkendt og er i overensstemmelse med dyrs pleje retningslinjer fastsat af den canadiske Rådet om dyrs pleje og University of Ottawa dyrs pleje udvalg.
1. forberedelse
<ol><li>Forberede dissektion overflade ved at tape 9 cm petriskål låg med autoklave tape over dens indvendige overflade. Placer det under et stereo-mikroskop.</li>
	<li>Placer 3-5 dage efter befrugtningen (dpf) zebrafisk larver i en Petri fad og bedøver i ˜1.5 mM Tricaine i 1 x E3 embryo medier (...

<ol>
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D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+gene+disruption+in+somatic+zebrafish+cells+using+engineered+TALENs.">Targeted gene disruption in somatic zebrafish cells using engineered TALENs.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 29 (8), 697-698 (2012).</li><li>Hwang, W. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+genome+editing+in+zebrafish+using+a+CRISPR-Cas+system.">Efficient genome editing in zebrafish using a CRISPR-Cas system.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 31 (3), 227-229 (2013).</li><li>Pena, I. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pyridoxine-Dependent+Epilepsy+in+Zebrafish+Caused+by+Aldh7a1+Deficiency.">Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy in Zebrafish Caused by Aldh7a1 Deficiency.</a> Genetics. 207, 1501-1518 (2017).</li><li>Baraban, S. C., Dinday, M. T., Hortopan, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drug+screening+in+Scn1a+zebrafish+mutant+identifies+clemizole+as+a+potential+Dravet+syndrome+treatment.">Drug screening in Scn1a zebrafish mutant identifies clemizole as a potential Dravet syndrome treatment.</a> Nat Commun. 4, 2410 (2013).</li><li>Godoy, R., Noble, S., Yoon, K., Anisman, H., Ekker, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemogenetic+ablation+of+dopaminergic+neurons+leads+to+transient+locomotor+impairments+in+zebrafish+larvae.">Chemogenetic ablation of dopaminergic neurons leads to transient locomotor impairments in zebrafish larvae.</a> J Neurochem. 135, 249-260 (2015).</li><li>Scheldeman, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurobiology+of+Disease+mTOR-related+neuropathology+in+mutant+tsc2+zebra+fish+Phenotypic,+transcriptomic+and+pharmacological+analysis.">Neurobiology of Disease mTOR-related neuropathology in mutant tsc2 zebra fish Phenotypic, transcriptomic and pharmacological analysis.</a> Neurobiol Dis. 108 (September), 225-237 (2017).</li><li>Zabinyakov, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+the+first+knock-out+aldh7a1+zebrafish+model+for+pyridoxine-dependent+epilepsy+using+CRISPR-Cas9+technology.">Characterization of the first knock-out aldh7a1 zebrafish model for pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy using CRISPR-Cas9 technology.</a> PLoS One. 12 (10), 1-14 (2017).</li><li>Grone, B. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epilepsy,+behavioral+abnormalities,+and+physiological+comorbidities+in+syntaxin-binding+protein+1+(STXBP1)+mutant+zebrafish.">Epilepsy, behavioral abnormalities, and physiological comorbidities in syntaxin-binding protein 1 (STXBP1) mutant zebrafish.</a> PLoS One. 11 (3), (2016).</li><li>Kawakami, K., Hopkins, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+identification+of+transgenic+zebrafish.">Rapid identification of transgenic zebrafish.</a> Trends Genet. 12 (1), 9-10 (1996).</li><li>Wilkinson, R. N., Elworthy, S., Ingham, P. W., van Eeden, F. J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+high-throughput+PCR-based+genotyping+of+larval+zebrafish+tail+biopsies.">A method for high-throughput PCR-based genotyping of larval zebrafish tail biopsies.</a> Biotechniques. 55 (6), 314-316 (2013).</li><li>Zhu, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+efficient+genotyping+method+for+genome-modified+animals+and+human+cells+generated+with+CRISPR/Cas9+system.">An efficient genotyping method for genome-modified animals and human cells generated with CRISPR/Cas9 system.</a> Sci Rep. 4, 6420 (2014).</li><li>Walsh, P. S., Metzger, D. A., Higuchi, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chelex+100+as+a+medium+for+simple+extraction+of+DNA+for+PCR-based+typing+from+forensic+material.">Chelex 100 as a medium for simple extraction of DNA for PCR-based typing from forensic material.</a> Biotechniques. 54 (3), 506-513 (2013).</li><li>Ewing, B., Green, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Basecalling+of+automated+sequencer+traces+using+phred.+II.+Error+probabilities.">Basecalling of automated sequencer traces using phred. II. Error probabilities.</a> Genome Res. 8, 175-185 (1998).</li></ol>

Gen redigeringsværktøjer er blevet ansat til netop indføre mutationer og transgener i zebrafisk i seneste år5,6,7,8. Når du udfører sygdom modellering i zebrafisk, er tidlig larve eller juvenil fænotyper ofte observeret9,12,13,14. Protokollen præsenteres her b...

For zebrafisk (Danio rerio) er en hvirveldyr organisme udbredt som en model for sygdom undersøgelse såvel som for præklinisk afprøvning af terapeutiske hypoteser1,2,3. Disse dyr har en kort generationstid, er let at håndtere, vise en høj formeringsevne, lave omkostninger, og er let indstillet til genetiske manipulationer ved mikroinjektion af DNA i embryoner4. Gennem den stigende udvikling af roman transgene og gen redigering teknologier såsom zink-Finger nukleaser (ZFN)5, TAL-lignende effektor nukleaser (TALENs)6,7, og de grupperede regelmæssigt Interspaced korte Palindromiske gentager (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associerede 9 (Cas9) system8, zebrafisk er klar til at forbedre forståelsen af flere patologiske betingelser. Disse teknologier har været brugt til at oprette målrettede knockouts i både somatiske og kønscelleoverførsel celler i zebrafisk, effektivt engendering genetisk modificerede dyr8. De seneste eksempler på i litteraturen omfatter en vellykket udvikling af genetiske modeller af epilepsi og metaboliske forstyrrelser i zebrafisk3,9,10,11,12 .
Med fremskridt i zebrafisk genom-redigering, blevet hurtig og pålidelig genotypebestemmelse en ubestridelig trafikhastighedsbegrænsning trin. Identifikation af specifikke DNA mutationer støder op til det forventede genom-redigering målwebstedet er en væsentlig etape i protokollen. Traditionelt er genotypebestemmelse teknikker af fin klipning normalt kun udført i unge eller voksne zebrafisk. Men tid brugt hæve zebrafisk til voksenalderen (> 2 måneder) betydeligt forsinker fremskridt inden for forskning. I mange tilfælde kan voksenalderen ikke opfyldes på grund af knockout af væsentlige gener (f.eks. i sygdom modellering) eller gevinst af funktion mutationer fører til skadelige fænotypisk virkninger. Derudover flere assays kræver pooling af larver, som i RNA eller metabolit udvinding, og dermed indebære forudgående identificering af genotyper, som kan være udfordrende, når kun post hoc genotypebestemmelse teknikker er til rådighed. Disse ovennævnte eksempler fremhæve betydningen af larve genotypebestemmelse teknikker, som er på samme tid præcist og aktiverer fuld helbredelse og normal udvikling af larverne. Tidlige fase zebrafisk genotypebestemmelse synes ikke i øjeblikket at være udbredt; Dette afspejles af de seneste publikationer af sygdomsmodeller som larve genotyper identificeres via post mortem genotypebestemmelse snarere end genotypebestemmelse forud for fuldbyrdelsen af eksperiment12,13,14. I dette papir præsenteres en larve fin klip strategi sigter mod at forbedre tidligere etablerede genotypebestemmelse procedurer.
I fortiden live strategier beskæftiger proteinase K fordøjelsen at genotype zebrafisk larver har ført til variabel polymerase kædereaktion (PCR) effektivitet15. Selv om en mere nylig offentliggjort mikroskopiske hale biopsi teknik leveres mere lovende resultater16, var vi og andre grupper ikke kan gengive den høje effektivitet og DNA opsving rapporteret af forfatterne. Et stort tilbageslag i protokollen beskrevet af Wilkinson et al. 16 kunne være overførsel af hale væv til PCR rør. På grund af mikroskopisk størrelse er det svært at sikre, at fin korrekt blev indsamlet og udleveres af pipettering. For at løse denne barriere, har vi udviklet en forbedret protokol til genotypebestemmelse stort antal levende zebrafisk larver med næsten 100% effektivitet9. Ved hjælp af en microscalpel, er spidsen af fin halen fjernet og placeret på et stykke filtrerpapir. Stykke filtrerpapir indeholdende væv kan let visualiseres og anbragt korrekt i en PCR rør. Genomisk DNA ekstraktion foretages derefter, efterfulgt af PCR-amplifikation af det pågældende område til genotype modellen. Fordelene ved denne metode omfatter en høj PCR effektivitet, et lavt falsk positiv rate og en lav dødelighed. Derudover er genotypebestemmelse af et stort antal embryoner muligt ved hjælp af denne protokol. Protokollen beskrevet heri giver fin-klipning af hundredvis af larver inden for 2-3 h ved hjælp af denne fremgangsmåde og korrekt identifikation af genotypebestemmes fisk og hale regenerering inden to dage.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Petri dish</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430167</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscalpel</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>500249</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>SMZ1500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tricaine/Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E10521</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well Tissue-culture plate</td>
			<td>Costar</td>
			<td>3595</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well PCR plate</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>14230232</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaOH</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>S25548A&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris base&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T1503</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>BP358-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3911</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgSO4</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>230391</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5% Chelex 100 sodium form</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C7901</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GelRed 1x</td>
			<td>Biotium</td>
			<td>41003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Boric Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>B6768</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sub-Cell Model 192 system</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad&#160;</td>
			<td>1704508</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>30 % Acrylamide/Bis Solution, 37.5: 1</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad&#160;</td>
			<td>1610158</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GoTaq Green Master Mix, 2X</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>M7123</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>paper wipes (Kimwipes&#174; disposable wipers)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z188956</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1kb-plus molecylar weight marker&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>SM1343</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nuclease free water&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>W4502</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sub-Cell Model 192 system (high-throughput agarose gel system)</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad&#160;</td>
			<td>1704508</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>vertical gel electrophoresis system Mini-PROTEAN Tetra Cell&#160;</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad&#160;</td>
			<td>1658004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

high-throughput dna extraction and genotyping of 3dpf zebrafish larvae by fin clipping

Zebrafisk (Danio rerio) besidder orthologues til 84% af de gener kendt for at være forbundet med sygdomme hos mennesker. Derudover disse dyr har en kort generationstid, er let at håndtere, vise en høj formeringsevne, lave omkostninger, og er let indstillet til genetiske manipulationer ved mikroinjektion af DNA i embryoner. Seneste fremskridt inden for gen redaktion værktøj giver mulighed for præcis indførelsen af mutationer og transgener i zebrafisk. Sygdom modellering i zebrafisk ofte fører til larve fænotyper og tidlig død, som kan være en udfordring for at fortolke hvis genotyper er ukendt. Denne tidlig identifikation af genotyper er også nødvendige i eksperimenter der kræver prøven pooling, såsom i gen udtryk eller masse massespektrometri undersøgelser. Imidlertid er omfattende genotypiske screening begrænset af traditionelle metoder, som i de fleste øvelser udføres kun på voksne zebrafisk eller i postmortem larver. Vi har behandlet dette problem ved at tilpasse en metode til isolering af PCR-ready genomisk DNA fra live zebrafisk larver, der kan opnås så tidligt som 72 h efter befrugtning (hpf). Denne tid og omkostningseffektiv teknik, forbedret fra en tidligere udgivne genotypebestemmelse protokol, giver mulighed for identifikation af genotyper fra mikroskopiske fin biopsier. Finnerne regenerere hurtigt som larverne udvikle. Forskere er derefter i stand til at vælge og hæve de ønskede genotyper til voksenalderen ved at udnytte denne høj overførselshastighed PCR-baserede genotypebestemmelse procedure.

Effektiviteten af protocoll blev demonstreret af genotypebestemmelse afkom af en heterozygous Kors (aldh7a1/ ot100, her vist som aldh7a1+/-) ()figur 3A- C)9. Aldh7a1ot100mutant allel er en 5-basepar (bp) indsættelse i den første kodning exon af zebrafisk aldh7a1 -genet, der fører til frameshift og tab af funktion på grund af en ti...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-throughput DNA Extraction and Genotyping of 3dpf Zebrafish Larvae by Fin Clipping at JoVE.com

High-throughput DNA Extraction and Genotyping of 3dpf Zebrafish Larvae by Fin Clipping

Høj overførselshastighed DNA-ekstraktion og genotypebestemmelse af 3dpf zebrafisk larver af Fin klipning

Zebrafisk har været brugt som pålidelig genetiske modelorganismer i biomedicinsk forskning, især med fremkomsten af gene-redigering teknologier. Når larver fænotyper forventes, kan DNA udvinding og genotype identifikation være udfordrende. Her, beskriver vi en effektiv genotypebestemmelse procedure for zebrafisk larver, af hale klipning, så tidligt som 72-h efter befrugtning.

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) possess orthologues for 84% of the genes known to be associated with human diseases. In addition, these animals have a short ...

This method can help answer key questions in the biomedical field. Such as the use of zebrafish to generate genetic models of disease. The main advantage of this technique is that it allows early identification of genotypes using a simple high-throughput method.Though this method can enable extensive research using zebrafish models of genetic epilepsies, it can also be applied to other genetic disease models and any type of mutation study. Generally, individuals new to this method may have difficulties as the transection of the larval fin must be precisely performed within the pigment gap of the tail. Prior to starting the fin clipping of the zebrafish larvae, prepare the dissection surface.Tape a piece of autoclave tape across the interior surface of a nine centimeter Petri dish lid and position the lid under a stereo microscope. Prepare a P1000 pipette tip for accommodating a three dpf larva with minimal stress, by cutting off the end of the pipette tip to a diameter of two millimeters. Place three to five days post fertilization, or dpf, zebrafish larvae in a Petri dish and anesthetize in 1.5 millimolar tricaine in 1x E3 embryo medium.Using the modified P1000 micro pipette, pick up and anesthetize zebrafish larva and place it onto the positioned Autoclave tape on the Petri dish lid. Remove excess tricaine solution surrounding the larva. The area should be as dry as possible to successfully section and pick up the fin, but still wet to ensure survival.To avoid bleeding and ensure survival of the larva during fin clipping, the transection must occur within the pigment gap. Distal to the limit of the blood circulation, as indicated in this image. Working under a stereo microscope, use a micro scalpel to section the caudal fin.During the incision, apply a steady but gentle downward pressure to avoid damaging the notochord. Visualize the sectioned fin under the microscope, and position the piece on top of the tip of the micro scalpel blade. Place the micro scalpel containing the fin onto the surface of a small piece of filter paper.Due to the presence of melanocytes in the transected tissue, the fin appears as a small black spot. To ensure successful DNA extraction, it is important that a black dot marking the placement of the fin is observed on the filter paper before continuing with the protocol. Using scissors and tweezers, transfer the filter paper containing the fin to a well of a 96-well PCR plate containing 25 microliters of a 50 millimolar sodium hydroxide solution.Next, prepare a flat bottom 96-well tissue culture plate, numbering the wells according to the label of the PCR plate. Using the modified P1000 pipette, filled with 200 microliters of fresh e3 embryo medium, carefully collect the zebrafish larva using gentle pressure. Dispense the larva in the 96-well plate in the same well number as the PCR plate.Make sure the filter paper containing the fin is well submerged in the solution. To prevent cross contamination between each cut, clean the blade of the micro scalpel and the tweezers by dipping into a 70%ethanol solution. Wipe the blade with a clean paper tissue or wipe.When all larvae have been clipped, store the larvae in the 96-well plate at 28 degrees Celsius until their genotypes have been identified. Begin this procedure by sealing the 96-well PCR plate containing the fin pieces and centrifuging the samples at 1000 times G for one minute. To make sure all the filter papers are submerged in the sodium hydroxide solution.For tissue lysis, heat the samples in a thermal cycler at 95 degrees Celsius for five minutes. Followed by cooling to four degrees Celsius for 10 minutes. Next, add six microliters of 500 millimolar tris-HCL pH8.0 to each sample.Vortex the samples. Briefly centrifuge the plate at 1500 times G for five minutes at room temperature. To extract genomic DNA using this method, clip the fin as demonstrated earlier, but add the filter paper with the clipped fin to a well of a 96-well PCR plate containing 30 microliters of 5%chelating resin.After all fin pieces have been clipped, seal the 96-well PCR plate and briefly centrifuge the samples to make sure all filter papers are submerged with the chelating resin. Heat the samples in a thermal cycler at 95 degrees Celsius for 15 minutes, followed by cooling to four degrees Celsius for 10 minutes. Briefly centrifuge the samples to pellet the resin beads and obtain the DNA in the suspension.A multiplex PCR assay will enable the discrimination between homozygous mutants, heterozygotes, and wild type larvae. Set up the PCR reaction as detailed in the text protocol. Perform the PCR reactions in 96-well thermal cycler.Prepare a 1%agarose gel in sodium borate buffer, stained with 1x gel red. To facilitate the process, if possible, use a gel system that is compatible with multi channel pipettes to enable higher throughput capabilities by reducing the time to load samples. Run the gel in 1x sodium borate buffer at 250 volts for 15 minutes.Image the gel under ultraviolet light to allow discrimination of the different genotypes. Start this assay by preparing two 12%polyacrylamide gels using the 1.5 millimeter spacer plate and the 15 sample combs as described in the text protocol. Use a vertical electrophoresis system and 1x TBE buffer as the running buffer.After performing PCR as described in the text protocol, heat the PCR products at 94 degrees Celsius for five minutes, followed by cooling at four degrees Celsius for 10 minutes. Load 10 microliters per PCR sample, and eight microliters of molecular weight marker. Run the gel at 150 volts for one hour, or until the molecular weight marker almost reaches the foot line of the glass plate.Image the gel under ultraviolet light to allow discrimination of the different genotypes. This protocol was used to genotype of the offspring of a heterozygous cross, in which the mutant ileal has a 5 base pair insertion in the first coating exon of the aldh7a1 gene. The expected result from PCR amplification of both wild type and mutant ileals is a 434 BP amplicon.A 293 BP band arises from amplification of the mutant ileal, and a 195 BP band is obtained for the wild type ileal. Analysis of PCR reactions on a 1%agarose sodium borate gel identified wild type genotypes in lanes two and six, heterozygous genotypes in lanes three, four, and five, and a homozygous mutant genotype in lane one. Various mutations where genotyped by a heteroduplex melting assay.The plpbpot101 and plpbpot102 mutant ileals of the plpbp gene each let to a frame shift and early stop codon. After denaturation and annealing, the PCR fragments for heterozygous animals would contain heteroduplex and homoduplex DNA that are easily separated and visualized using polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses. Compound heterozygous mutant genotypes were identified in lanes two, four, and eight, heterozygous genotypes in lanes three, six, seven, nine, and ten, and a wild type genotype in lane five.Once mastered, fin clipping 96 larvae using this technique can be done in less than an hour, if performed properly. Following this procedure, other methods, like pooling of zebrafish larvae of the same genotype for tissue extraction, can be performed and ordered to answer additional questions, such as, biomarker investigation and disease models. After it's development, this technique paved the way for research in the field of models of metabolic epilepsy to explore disease path physiology in zebrafish.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to properly genotype three day old zebrafish larvae by microdissection of a caudal fin.

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

A Robotic Platform for High-throughput Protoplast Isolation and Transformation

En robot platform for High-throughput protoplastisolering og Transformation

Over the last decade there has been a resurgence in the use of plant protoplasts that range from model species to crop species, for analysis of signal ...

Improved Polymerase Chain Reaction-restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Genotyping of Toxic Pufferfish by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Forbedret polymerasekædereaktion-restriktionsfragmentlængde-polymorfisme Genotypebestemmelse af toksiske Pufferfish ved væskekromatografi / massespektrometri

An improved version of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method for genotyping toxic pufferfish species by ...

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

Genom-dækkende Bestemmelse af pattedyr Replication Timing ved DNA Content Measurement

Replication of the genome occurs during S phase of the cell cycle in a highly regulated process that ensures the fidelity of DNA duplication. Each genomic ...

High Fat Diet Feeding and High Throughput Triacylglyceride Assay in Drosophila Melanogaster

High Fat Diet Feeding and High Throughput Triacylglyceride Assay in Drosophila Melanogaster

Høj fedt diæt fodring og High Throughput Triacylglyceride Assay i Drosophila Melanogaster

Heart disease is the number one cause of human death worldwide. Numerous studies have shown strong connections between obesity and cardiac malfunction in ...

Generation of Native Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Libraries for Nucleosome Density Analysis

Generation af indfødte kromatin Immunoprecipitation sekventering biblioteker for Nucleosome tæthed analyse

We present a modified native chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) experimental protocol compatible with a Gaussian mixture distribution ...

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

G2-seq: En High Throughput sekventering-baseret teknik til identifikation af sent replikerende regioner i genomet

Numerous techniques have been developed to follow the progress of DNA replication through the S phase of the cell cycle. Most of these techniques have ...

Robust DNA Isolation and High-throughput Sequencing Library Construction for Herbarium Specimens

Robust DNA isoleret og høj overførselshastighed sekventering bibliotek konstruktion til Herbarium prøver

Herbaria are an invaluable source of plant material that can be used in a variety of biological studies. The use of herbarium specimens is associated with ...

Profiling DNA Replication Timing Using Zebrafish as an In Vivo Model System

Profiling DNA Replication Timing Using Zebrafish as an In Vivo Model System

Profilering DNA replikation Timing ved hjælp af zebrafisk som en In Vivo modelsystem.

DNA replication timing is an important cellular characteristic, exhibiting significant relationships with chromatin structure, transcription, and DNA ...

High-throughput Identification of Synergistic Drug Combinations by the Overlap2 Method

High-throughput Identification of Synergistic Drug Combinations by the Overlap2 Method

Høj overførselshastighed identifikation af synergistiske Drug kombinationer af overlapning2 metode

Although antimicrobial drugs have dramatically increased the lifespan and quality of life in the 20th century, antimicrobial resistance threatens our ...

High-Throughput DNA Plasmid Multiplexing and Transfection Using Acoustic Nanodispensing Technology

High-gennemløb DNA plasmid multiplexing og Transfection ved hjælp af akustisk Nanodispenserings teknologi

Cell transfection, indispensable for many biological studies, requires controlling many parameters for an accurate and successful achievement. Most often ...