Name: stereolithographic 3d printing with renewable acrylates
Uploaded: 2018-09-12T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stereolithographic 3D Printing with Renewable Acrylates at JoVE.com

이 연구 프로젝트 140413의 일환으로 GreenPAC 폴리머 응용 프로그램 센터에 의해 지원 되었다: "3D 인쇄 생산에". 알 버트 하트, 코 린 반 Noordenne를 인정 하 고 싶습니다, 그리고 Rens 반 우 벤, Anniek Bruins, Femke Tamminga, 티 져 밴 Dijken와 앨버트 Woortman 비디오 촬영 촉진을 위한.

주의: 사용 하기 전에 모든 관련 물질 안전 데이터 시트 (MSDS)를 참조 하십시오.
1입니다. Photocurable 수 지의 준비
참고: 다음 절차 동안 개인 보호 장비 (보호 안경, 장갑, 랩 코트)를 사용 하십시오. 이 섹션에 대 한 자세한 내용은 우리의 이전 작품12 를 참조 하십시오.
<ol><li>500 mL 삼각 플라스 크에에서 1,10 decanediol 빛 (SA5201)의 50 g을 붓는 ?...

<ol>
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C., Schwentenwein, M., Gorsche, C., Stampfl, J., Liska, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toughening+of+photo-curable+polymer+networks:+A+review.">Toughening of photo-curable polymer networks: A review.</a> Polymer Chemistry. 7, 257-286 (2016).</li><li>Miao, S., Zhu, W., Castro, N. J., Nowicki, M., Zhou, X., Cui, H., Fisher, J. P., Zhang, L. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=4D+printing+smart+biomedical+scaffolds+with+novel+soybean+oil+epoxidized+acrylate.">4D printing smart biomedical scaffolds with novel soybean oil epoxidized acrylate.</a> Scientific Reports. 6, 27226 (2016).</li><li>Voet, V. S. D., Strating, T., Schnelting, G. H. M., Dijkstra, P., Tietema, M., Xu, J., Woortman, A. J. J., Loos, K., Jager, J., Folkersma, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biobased+acrylate+photocurable+resin+formulation+for+stereolithographic+3D+printing.">Biobased acrylate photocurable resin formulation for stereolithographic 3D printing.</a> ACS Omega. 3, 1403-1408 (2018).</li><li>Ligon-Auer, S. C., Liska, R., Stampfl, J., Gurr, M., M&#252;lhaupt, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polymers+for+3D+Printing+and+Customized+Additive+Manufacturing.">Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing.</a> Chemical Reviews. 117, 10212-10290 (2017).</li><li>Weng, Z., Zhou, Y., Lin, W., Senthil, T., Wu, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure-property+relationship+of+nano+enhanced+stereolithography+resin+for+desktop+SLA+3D+printer.">Structure-property relationship of nano enhanced stereolithography resin for desktop SLA 3D printer.</a> Composites: Part A. 88, 234-242 (2016).</li><li>Scalera, F., Esposito Corcione, C., Montagna, F., Sannino, A., Maffezzoli, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+characterization+of+UV+curable+epoxy/hydroxyapatite+suspensions+for+stereolithography+applied+to+bone+tissue+engineering.">Development and characterization of UV curable epoxy/hydroxyapatite suspensions for stereolithography applied to bone tissue engineering.</a> Ceramics International. 40, 15455-15462 (2014).</li><li>Lee, H., Fang, N. X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micro+3D+Printing+using+a+digital+projector+and+its+application+in+the+study+of+soft+materials+mechanics.">Micro 3D Printing using a digital projector and its application in the study of soft materials mechanics.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (69), e4457 (2012).</li><li>Huemer, K., Squirrell, J. M., Swader, R., Pelkey, K., LeBert, D. C., Huttenlocher, A., Eliceiri, K. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+live+imaging+device+for+improved+experimental+manipulation+of+zebrafish+larvae.">Long-term live imaging device for improved experimental manipulation of zebrafish larvae.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (128), e56340 (2017).</li><li>Decker, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Light-induced+crosslinking+polymerization.">Light-induced crosslinking polymerization.</a> Polymer International. 51, 1141-1150 (2002).</li><li>Elliot, J. E., Bowman, C. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Predicting+network+formation+of+free+radical+polymerization+of+multifunctional+monomers.">Predicting network formation of free radical polymerization of multifunctional monomers.</a> Polymer Reaction Engineering. 10, 1-19 (2002).</li><li>Ellakwa, A., Cho, N., Lee, I. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+resin+matrix+composition+on+the+polymerization+shrinkage+and+rheological+properties+of+experimental+dental+composites.">The effect of resin matrix composition on the polymerization shrinkage and rheological properties of experimental dental composites.</a> Dental Materials. 23, 1229-1235 (2007).</li><li>Charton, C., Falk, V., Marchal, P., Pla, F., Colon, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+Tg,+viscosity+and+chemical+structure+of+monomers+on+shrinkage+stress+in+light-cured+dimethacrylate-based+dental+resins.">Influence of Tg, viscosity and chemical structure of monomers on shrinkage stress in light-cured dimethacrylate-based dental resins.</a> Dental Materials. 23, 1447-1459 (2007).</li></ol>

첨가제 제조 때 부분 당 더 높은 생산 비용 이후 생산 금형 및 도구에 대 한 필요가 없습니다 기존의 프로세스와 경쟁할 수 있는 맞춤형 프로토 타입 및 작은 시리즈의 제작에 적용 됩니다. 지난 10 년간에서 서비스 및 첨가제 제조 관련 제품에서 수익13기 하 급수적으로 성장 했다. 광에서 소재 매출의 큰 부분이 이다. 성장 주의 끌었다 고 주요 산업, 예를 들어, 항공 우주, ?...

신속한 프로토 타입-주문형 제작 및 디자인 자유를 가능 하 게 하 고 3D의 효율적인 제조 레이어, 레이어 방식1에 생성 수 있습니다. 그 결과, 제조 기술로 3D 인쇄 최근 몇 년 동안2에 급속 하 게 개발 했다. 다양 한 기술을 사용할 수 있습니다, 모든 물리적 개체로 가상 모델의 번역에 의존 압출, 직접 에너지 공 술 서, 분말 응고, 시트 적 층 및 photopolymerization 등의 프로세스를 적용. 후자의 stepwise 액체 photopolymer 수 지의 UV 경화를 포함 한다. 1986 년에, 선체와 동료 스테레오 리소 그래피 장치 (SLA), UV 레이저 기반 3D 프린터 개발. 더 최근에, 디지털 빛 가공 (DLP) 라는 비슷한 프로세스는 photopolymerization 가벼운 프로젝터 시작에서 사용할 수 되고있다. 함께, DLP 및 SLA 라고를 스테레오 리소 그래피 3D 인쇄3.
SLA는 고해상도 프로토타이핑 및 생물 의학 장치4,5의 제조에 적용 됩니다. 이 기술은 뛰어난 정확성, 표면 마무리 및 해상도6(FDM) 모델링 널리 융합된 증 착 이다. 제품의 아키텍처에 따라 지원 구조는 제조 동안 구조를 안정화 하기 위해 3D 모델에 통합 됩니다. 또한, 제조 부품의 후 인쇄 처리 필요7,8이다. 일반적으로, 인쇄 된 개체를 unreacted 수 지, 해산 알코올 목욕에 세척 되 고 합9의 전체 변환 되도록 수행 됩니다 UV 오븐에 후속 치료.
일반적으로, 수 지 첨가제 제조 리소 그래피 기반 다기능 아크릴레이트 또는 epoxides10를 포함 하는 photocurable 시스템에 의존 합니다. 상업 시장에 현재 photopolymer 수 지는 화석 기반 및 비싼, 낮은-비용 재생 수 지의 가용성 유기 경제1 에 대 한 지속 가능한 3D 제품의 폐기물 및 현지 생산을 촉진 하기 위하여 필요 , 6. 최근, photopolymer 수 지 재생 아크릴레이트에 따라 개발 되었고 성공적으로 스테레오 리소 그래피 3D 인쇄11,12에 적용. 이 상세한 프로토콜, 상용 스테레오 리소 그래피 장치에 유기 수 지와 모형을 보여 줍니다. 특별 한 주의 첨가제 제조의 분야에서 새로운 실무자를 돕기 위해 수 지 배합 및 후 인쇄 치료 절차, 즉, 의 중요 한 단계에 지급 됩니다.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Isobornyl acrylate&#160;</td>
			<td>Sartomer</td>
			<td>SA5102</td>
			<td>Acrylate monomer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1,10-decanediol diacrylate</td>
			<td>Sartomer</td>
			<td>SA5201</td>
			<td>Acrylate monomer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate</td>
			<td>Sartomer</td>
			<td>SA5400</td>
			<td>Acrylate monomer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multifunctional epoxy acrylate</td>
			<td>Sartomer</td>
			<td>SA7101</td>
			<td>Acrylate oligomer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (TPO), 97%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>415952</td>
			<td>Photoinitiator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene (BBOT), 99%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>223999</td>
			<td>Optical absorber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 99%</td>
			<td>Bleko</td>
			<td>1010500</td>
			<td>For alcohol bath (applied in Form Wash)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paar Physica MCR300&#160;</td>
			<td>Anton Paar</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Rheometer with parallel plate geometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Form 2 Printer</td>
			<td>Formlabs</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Desktop SLA 3D printer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Form Wash&#160;</td>
			<td>Formlabs</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Washing station</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Form Cure</td>
			<td>Formlabs</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>UV oven</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Instron 4301 1KN Series IX</td>
			<td>Instron</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Universal testing machine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Philips XL30 ESEM-FEG&#160;</td>
			<td>Philips</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Scanning electron microscope</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

stereolithographic 3d printing with renewable acrylates

비용 경쟁력 재생 재료 및 첨가제 제조에 응용 프로그램의 내게 필요한 옵션은 효율적인 유기 경제에 대 한 필수적입니다. Stereolithographic 3D 프린터를 사용 하 여 지속 가능한 수 지의 모형을 보여 줍니다. 수 지 배합 photoinitiatior와 광학 흡수 유기 아크릴 단위체와 올리고의 간단 혼합 하 여 이루어진다. 수 지 점도 모노 머 올리고 머 비율에 의해 제어 됩니다과 병렬 플레이트 형상과 고분자에 의해 전단 속도의 기능으로 결정 됩니다. 유기 수 지로 청구 하는 stereolithographic 장치는 높은 정확도 가진 복잡 한 모양의 시 제품을 생산 하기 위해 채택 된다. 제품은 알코올 세 정 및 완전 한 경화 되도록 UV 방사선 조사를 포함 하 여 사후 치료를 필요 합니다. 높은 기능 해상도 우수한 표면 마무리는 프로토 타입의 스캐닝 전자 현미경 검사 법에 의해 드러났습니다.

4 대표적인 수 지 작곡 표 1, 함께 그들의 평균 유기 탄소 함량 (BC)는 개별 구성 요소에서 파생 된에 표시 됩니다. 수 지 점도 (그림 1) 아크릴 단위체와 올리고의 비율에 의해 영향을 하 고 일반적으로 뉴턴의 동작을 보여 줍니다. 다양 한 수 지에서 제조 하는 부품의 기계적 성질은 응력 분석에 의해 결정 했다. 그림 2...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stereolithographic 3D Printing with Renewable Acrylates at JoVE.com

Stereolithographic 3D Printing with Renewable Acrylates

스테레오 리소 그래피 장치에 재생 photopolymer 수 지와 첨가제 제조 프로토콜 제공 됩니다.

재생 아크릴레이트와 Stereolithographic 3D 인쇄

The accessibility of cost-competitive renewable materials and their application in additive manufacturing is essential for an efficient biobased economy. ...

This method can help to understand key subjects in the field of of additive manufacturing, such as resin formulation and post-printing treatment. The main advantage of this technique is that it enables the accurate and on-demand fabrication of sustainable products. This method will provide insight into laser-based stereolithography but it can also be applied to other 3D printing techniques such as Digital Light Processing.To begin, pour 50 grams of 1, 10-decanediol diacrylate in a 500-milliliter Erlenmeyer flask. Add 1.0 grams of TPO and 0.40 grams of BBOT to the flask. Equip the Erlenmeyer flask with a mechanical stirrer and stir the mixture at 200 rpm for five minutes at room temperature in order to dissolve the TPO and BBOT in the acrylate monomer.Add 100 grams of pentaerythritrol tetraacrylate and 100 grams of multi-functional epoxy acrylate to the mixture. Now stir the mixture at 200 rpm for 30 minutes at 50 degrees Celsius to ensure a homogeneous resin. Remove the mechanical stirrer and fit the flask with a stopper.Wrap the flask in aluminum foil to protect the biobased acrylate photopolymer resin from light. Now cover the bottom plate of a rheometer characterized by parallel-plate geometry with the photoresin. Set the gap between the plates at one millimeter and cover the rheometer with a UV-resistant hood.Measure the resin viscosity at room temperature at shear rates from 0.1 to 100 inverse seconds. Turn on the the SLA 3D printer and select the Open mode. Depending on the architecture of the product, a support structure can be integrated in the 3D model to stabilize the construct during fabrication.Start the model preparation software on a computer. To choose the desired print settings, select Clear for material, Version V4, and 50-micron layer thickness. Open the digital model of the complex-shaped prototype which is a standard tesselation language file, then choose the location and orientation on the build platform.Upload the print job to the SLA 3D printer. Now pour 200 milliliters of the biobased photoresin into a resin tank. Open the 3D printer and mount the resin tank properly.Mount the build platform and close the 3D printer. Following preparation of the 3D printer, start the print job. Allow the 3D printer to fabricate complex-shaped prototypes.Do not open the printer until the print job is finished. For the demonstrated protocol, the wavelength of the UV laser is 405 nanometers. The print time of the object is 2.5 hours and is shown here in fast motion.When the print job is finished, open the printer. Remove the build platform with the produced parts attached and close the printer. Open the washing station filled with isopropyl alcohol and insert the build platform.Start the procedure and rinse for 20 minutes to remove any unreacted resin. When the rinsing procedure is finished, remove the build platform from the washing station and detach the prototypes from the build platform. Allow the prototypes to air dry for 30 minutes.In the meantime, preheat the UV oven at 60 degrees Celsius. Open the UV oven and quickly place the prototypes on the rotating platform. Close the UV oven and cure for 60 minutes at 60 degrees Celsius to ensure complete conversion.When the post-curing procedure is finished, open the UV oven and take out the prototypes. To characterize the surface morphology of complex-shaped prototypes, cut approximately one centimeter of internal helix from the complex-shaped prototype using a razor blade. Attach the sample to the sample holder with double-sided, carbon-conductive tape.Prior to imaging, coat the sample with 30 nanometers of platinum palladium on a sputtering system. Now insert the sample into a scanning electron microscope operating at an accelerating voltage of five kilovolts. Acquire several images of the sample at 30X and 120X magnification.The viscosity of the renewable resin is an essential parameter in the 3D printing process and is controlled by the monomer to oligomer ratio. Typically a shear rate of 100 inverse seconds is achieved during the recoat of liquid resin in the printing process. All bioresins have a viscosity below five Pascal seconds and are appropriate for application in stereolithographic printing equipment.Shown here are representative results for the mechanical behavior of the objects printed from various bioresins, including tensile strength and e-modulus. However, optimization of the post-printing treatment by varying the duration of washing, drying, curing, and temperature of curing can lead to a significant improvement in mechanical performance. The smooth surface and high feature resolution of the complex-shaped prototypes is revealed by the electron microscope.The serrated vertical edges of the helices arise from the layer-by-layer SLA printing process, in which the top of an exposed layer receives a larger UV dose compared to the back of a layer. The extent of surface cracking is related to the initial resin viscosity. After its development, this technique paved the way for application of cost-competitive bioresins to facilitate waste-free and local manufacturing of sustainable products.Don't forget that working with acrylates can be hazardous. Precautions such as wearing safety glasses and gloves should always be taken while performing this procedure.

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Determination of Carbonyl Functional Groups in Bio-oils by Potentiometric Titration: The Faix Method

Carbonyl compounds present in bio-oils are known to be responsible for bio-oil property changes upon storage and during upgrading. Specifically, carbonyls ...

연구

화학

Temperature-programmed Deoxygenation of Acetic Acid on Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts

몰리브덴 초경 촉매에 초산의 온도 프로그램 탈산 소화

Temperature programmed reaction (TPRxn) is a simple yet powerful tool for screening solid catalyst performance at a variety of conditions. A TPRxn system ...

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Microfluidic 기반 CODMs의 합성 : COF 섬유의 지속적인 생산과 표면의 직접 인쇄를위한 도구

Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous covalent materials which are frequently synthesized as unprocessable crystalline powders. The ...

Preparation of Chitosan-based Injectable Hydrogels and Its Application in 3D Cell Culture

주 사용 Hydrogels 키토 산 기반 및 3D 세포 배양에서의 응용의 준비

The protocol presents a facile, efficient, and versatile method to prepare chitosan-based hydrogels using dynamic imine chemistry. The hydrogel is ...

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance

백 금-니켈 나노 와이어 및 산소 감소 성능 최적화의 합성

Platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) nanowires were developed as fuel cell electrocatalysts, and were optimized for the performance and durability in the oxygen ...

Obtaining 3D Chemical Maps by Energy Filtered Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography

전송 전자 현미경 검사 법 단층 필터링 에너지에 의해 3D 화학 지도 얻기

Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy tomography (EFTEM tomography) can provide three-dimensional (3D) chemical maps of materials at a ...

Methionine Functionalized Biocompatible Block Copolymers for Targeted Plasmid DNA Delivery

표적 플라스미드 DNA 전달을 위한 메티오닌 기능화 생체 적합성 블록 공중합체

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization integrates the advantages of radical polymerization and living polymerization. This ...

Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications

태양광 응용 프로그램에 대 한 모든 무기 할로겐 페로 잉크를 인쇄 하는 잉크젯

A method for synthesizing photoactive inorganic&#160;perovskite quantum dot inks and an inkjet printer deposition method, using the synthesized inks, are ...

Reactive Inkjet Printing and Propulsion Analysis of Silk-based Self-propelled Micro-stirrers

실크 기반 자기 추진 마이크로 교 반기에 대 한 반응성 잉크젯 프린팅 및 추진 분석

In this study, a protocol for using reactive inkjet printing to fabricate enzymatically propelled silk swimmers with well-defined shapes is reported. The ...