Name: fabrication of soft pneumatic network actuators with oblique chambers
Uploaded: 2018-08-17T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers at JoVE.com

この作品は、グラント 51622506 および科学の下で中国の国家自然科学基金と助成金 16JC1401000 の下で上海自治体の技術委員会によって支持されました。

注: プロトコル ソフト空気ネットワーク アクチュエータの作製手順について説明します。作製手順、金型のセットといくつかのアクチュエータ チューブ コネクタ、前にコンピューター支援設計 (CAD) ソフトウェア 3 D 印刷は事前が必要とする設計されています。金型は図 1Bに示します。
1. シリコーンのエラストマーの準備
<ol><li>シリ?...

<ol>
	<li>Rus, D., Tolley, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design,+fabrication+and+control+of+soft+robots.">Design, fabrication and control of soft robots.</a> Nature. 521 (7553), 467-475 (2015).</li><li>Ilievski, F., Mazzeo, A. D., Shepherd, R. F., Chen, X., Whitesides, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Soft+robotics+for+chemists.">Soft robotics for chemists.</a> Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 50 (8), 1890-1895 (2011).</li><li>Shepherd, R. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multigait+soft+robot.">Multigait soft robot.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (51), 20400-20403 (2011).</li><li>Yap, H. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+fully+fabric-based+bidirectional+soft+robotic+glove+for+assistance+and+rehabilitation+of+hand+impaired+patients.">A fully fabric-based bidirectional soft robotic glove for assistance and rehabilitation of hand impaired patients.</a> IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters. 2 (3), 1383-1390 (2017).</li><li>Yang, Y., Chen, Y., Li, Y., Chen, M. Z. Q., Wei, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bioinspired+Robotic+Fingers+Based+on+Pneumatic+Actuator+and+3D+Printing+of+Smart+Material.">Bioinspired Robotic Fingers Based on Pneumatic Actuator and 3D Printing of Smart Material.</a> Soft Robotics. 4 (2), 147-162 (2017).</li><li>Gu, G. Y., Zhu, J., Zhu, L. M., Zhu, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+survey+on+dielectric+elastomer+actuators+for+soft+robots.">A survey on dielectric elastomer actuators for soft robots.</a> Bioinspiration &amp; Biomimetics. 12 (1), 011003 (2017).</li><li>Holland, D. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+soft+robotics+toolkit:+Strategies+for+overcoming+obstacles+to+the+wide+dissemination+of+soft-robotic+hardware.">The soft robotics toolkit: Strategies for overcoming obstacles to the wide dissemination of soft-robotic hardware.</a> IEEE Robotics &amp; Automation Magazine. 24 (1), 57-64 (2017).</li><li>Galloway, K. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Soft+Robotic+Grippers+for+Biological+Sampling+on+Deep+Reefs.">Soft Robotic Grippers for Biological Sampling on Deep Reefs.</a> Soft Robotics. 3 (1), 23-33 (2016).</li><li>Polygerinos, P., Wang, Z., Galloway, K. C., Wood, R. J., Walsh, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Soft+robotic+glove+for+combined+assistance+and+at-home+rehabilitation.">Soft robotic glove for combined assistance and at-home rehabilitation.</a> Robotics and Autonomous Systems. 73, 135-143 (2015).</li><li>Tolley, M. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Resilient,+Untethered+Soft+Robot.">A Resilient, Untethered Soft Robot.</a> Soft Robotics. 1 (3), 213-223 (2014).</li><li>Ainla, A., Verma, M. S., Yang, D., Whitesides, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Soft,+Rotating+Pneumatic+Actuator.">Soft, Rotating Pneumatic Actuator.</a> Soft Robotics. 4 (3), 297-304 (2017).</li><li>Koizumi, Y., Shibata, M., Hirai, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rolling+tensegrity+driven+by+pneumatic+soft+actuators.">Rolling tensegrity driven by pneumatic soft actuators.</a> 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). , (2012).</li><li>Connolly, F., Polygerinos, P., Walsh, C. J., Bertoldi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+Programming+of+Soft+Actuators+by+Varying+Fiber+Angle.">Mechanical Programming of Soft Actuators by Varying Fiber Angle.</a> Soft Robotics. 2 (1), 26-32 (2015).</li><li>Connolly, F., Walsh, C. J., Bertoldi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automatic+design+of+fiber-reinforced+soft+actuators+for+trajectory+matching.">Automatic design of fiber-reinforced soft actuators for trajectory matching.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (1), 51-56 (2017).</li><li>Martinez, R. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robotic+tentacles+with+three-dimensional+mobility+based+on+flexible+elastomers.">Robotic tentacles with three-dimensional mobility based on flexible elastomers.</a> Advanced Materials. 25 (2), 205-212 (2013).</li><li>Polygerinos, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modeling+of+Soft+Fiber-Reinforced+Bending+Actuators.">Modeling of Soft Fiber-Reinforced Bending Actuators.</a> IEEE Transactions on Robotics. 31 (3), 778-789 (2015).</li><li>Mosadegh, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pneumatic+Networks+for+Soft+Robotics+that+Actuate+Rapidly.">Pneumatic Networks for Soft Robotics that Actuate Rapidly.</a> Advanced Functional Materials. 24 (15), 2163-2170 (2014).</li><li>Wang, T., Ge, L., Gu, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Programmable+design+of+soft+pneu-net+actuators+with+oblique+chambers+can+generate+coupled+bending+and+twisting+motions.">Programmable design of soft pneu-net actuators with oblique chambers can generate coupled bending and twisting motions.</a> Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 271, 131-138 (2018).</li><li>Marchese, A. D., Katzschmann, R. K., Rus, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Recipe+for+Soft+Fluidic+Elastomer+Robots.">A Recipe for Soft Fluidic Elastomer Robots.</a> Soft Robotics. 2 (1), 7-25 (2015).</li></ol>

斜めの部屋に柔らかい空気ネットワーク アクチュエータの作製をガイドする方法プロトコルを提案します。次のプロトコルは、1 つのアクチュエータは 3 h 内で独立して加工できます。プロトコルのキーの手順の要約は以下のとおりです。(i) シリコーン ・ エラストマーは割合で準備し、よく混合します。(ii) シリコーン ・ エラストマーは、チャンバー部とベース部の製造のための金型に注?...

空気圧ソフトアクチュエータ (スパ) は、空気圧1,2の簡単な入力で作動することができますソフト デバイスです。彼らは、シリコーンのエラストマー3生地4、形状記憶ポリマー5、誘電エラストマー6などの様々 な素材を加工できます。研究者は、コンプライアンス、器用な動き、簡単な作製方法7の性質から恩恵を受けている温泉ソフト ロボット アプリケーション8,9の最も有望なデバイスの一つとなっていることなど。温泉は、忍び寄る10、11回転と変形、拡張、拡張、曲げ、ねじれ13,などの様々 なタイプに基づく12の圧延などの様々 な高度な動きを実現できます。14. 運動のさまざまな種類を作ることができる、スパを並列チャンネル15、繊維強化16、モノリシック商工会議所と線状体など、異なる構造のデザインし、のネットワークが繰り返されるサブ室17。繰り返しサブの部屋、柔らかい空気ネットワーク アクチュエータ ネットワークと温泉は、比較的低い入力圧力の下で大きな変形を生成できるため、それらの間で広く採用されています。ただし、以前の設計のほとんどでこのタイプのアクチュエータは応用を大幅制限 2 D 空間で曲げ運動をのみ生成できます。
柔らかい空気ネットワーク アクチュエータは、内部のチャネルによって接続されているチャンバの線形整理されたグループで構成されます。各三次商工会議所は他のペアよりも薄く、反対側の壁のペアが含まれている、薄い壁に垂直な方向の 2 つの両面のインフレを生成します。もともと、部屋の薄い壁はアクチュエータのボディの長い軸に垂直な長軸に沿ってを膨らませます。室と非拡張可能なベースでこれらの同一線上にあるインフレはアクチュエータの不可欠な純粋な曲げに します。シンナー側の壁がもはや各商工会議所のインフレ方向を可能にする (図 1A)、アクチュエータの長い軸に垂直な 3次元空間内のアクチュエータの動きを探検するには、部屋の向きが調整されて軸からのオフセットと同一線上でなくなります。すべての平行が同一線上にないインフレは結合曲げと動きを 3次元空間18に捩れにアクチュエータの動きを変更します。この連成運動アクチュエータを有効により多くの柔軟性と器用さ、アクチュエータ柔軟マニピュレーター、生物ロボット、医療機器より実用的なアプリケーションに適してします。
このプロトコルは、このような斜めの部屋に柔らかい空気ネットワーク アクチュエータの作製方法を示しています。商工会議所・基本部品、アクチュエータを組み立て、チューブを接続、リークのチェックと、必要に応じて、修復アクチュエータを製造、シリコーン ・ エラストマーの準備が含まれます。通常の柔らかい空気ネットワーク アクチュエータおよび成形方法にいくつかの簡単な変更を作り出すことができる他のソフトのアクチュエータにも使えます。我々 は 30 ° 斜め室空気圧ソフトアクチュエータを作製する詳細な手順を提供します。別のアプリケーションで同じプロトコルにしたがって異なるチャンバー角アクチュエータを加工できます。それを除けば、アクチュエータを各種要求に対する複数のアクチュエータ システムを形成する結合できます。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:796px;" width="794">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Silicone elastomer</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Wacker</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">ELASTOSIL M4601 A/B</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Material of the actuators</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:207px;">Syringe&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Shanghai Kindly Medical Instruments&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">10 ml</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Used to inject silicone rubber into the hole of the mold for fabricating the connection end</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Precision scale</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Shanghai Hochoice</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">UTP-313</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Used to weigh the silicone rubber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Planetary centrifugal vacuum mixer</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">THINKY</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">ARE-310</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Used to mix the silicone rubber and defoam after mixing process</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Release agent</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Smooth-on</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Release 200</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Used for ease of demolding&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Needle</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Shanghai Kindly Medical Instruments&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Used for Piercing the bubbles form on the surface</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:207px;">Utility blade</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">M&#38;G Chenguang Stationery</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">ASS91325</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Used for Scraping off excess silicone rubber along the upper surface of the mold&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:207px;">Vacuum oven</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Ningbo SI Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">DZF-6050</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Used to reduce the cure time of the silicone rubber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:207px;">Male stud push in fit pneumatic fitting</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Zhe Jiang BLCH Pneumatic Science &#38; Technology</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">PC4-01</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Used to connect the tubing and the 3D-printed actuator tubing connector</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:207px;">Tubing</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">SMC</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">TU0425</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Used for actuating the actuators</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:207px;">Vacuum pump</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Zhe Jiang BLCH Pneumatic Science &#38; Technology</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Used as the air source</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:207px;">Pressure valve</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Zhe Jiang BLCH Pneumatic Science &#38; Technology</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">IR1000-01BG</td>
			<td style="width:287px;">Used for adjusting the input air pressure</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fabrication of soft pneumatic network actuators with oblique chambers

柔らかい空気ネットワーク アクチュエータはソフト ロボットの最も有望な作動装置のいずれかに大きな曲げ変形と低入力からメリットをなっています。しかし、2 次元 (2-d) 空間で動き、単調な曲げのフォームは幅広いアプリケーションからそれらを保ちます。3 次元 (3-D) 空間での運動を探求する、斜めの部屋に柔らかい空気ネットワーク アクチュエータの詳細な製作法を提案する.斜めの部屋の設計により可変アクチュエータ曲げおよびねじり機能、生物ロボットや医療機器になる柔軟マニピュレーターで器用に移動する可能性を与えるそれらを結合できます。製造工程は、成形方法、シリコーンのエラストマーの準備、商工会議所、基盤部品の製作、アクチュエーター、チューブ接続リーク、および修理のチェックなどに基づいています。作製方法は、金型内にいくつか変更するだけでアクチュエータのシリーズの迅速な製造を保証します。テスト結果は、アクチュエータおよび顕著な曲げおよびねじり機能の質の高さを示します。グリップの実験は、異なる直径を持つオブジェクトに適応し、十分な摩擦を提供することで開発の利点を示しています。

単一のアクチュエータ: 作製方法を確認し、アクチュエータ、30 °、45 °、60 ° の関数を示すアクチュエータが作製し、テストします。テスト設定の空気ポンプはバルブをアクティブに採用されました。バルブは、内部の圧力を制御するアクチュエータに接続されました。単一のアクチュエータはその接続端に固定され、垂直に置かれました。アクチュ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers at JoVE.com

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

ここで斜めの部屋の柔らかい空気ネットワーク アクチュエータの作製方法を提案する.アクチュエータは、ソフト ロボットへの応用を広げるの結合曲げとねじれの動きを生成する能力があります。

斜めの部屋に柔らかい空気ネットワーク アクチュエータの作製

Soft pneumatic network actuators have become one of the most promising actuation devices in soft robotics which benefits from their large bending ...

This method answers the key questions in the field of soft cell robotics by showing the fabrication method of soft pneumatic network actuators with oblique chambers that characterizes coupled bending and twisting motions. The main advantage of this technique is that it is fast, reliable, low-cost and suitable for the fabrication of soft pneumatic actuators with varied structures. Generally, individuals new to this method will struggle because the fabrication contains many steps, and one minor inappropriate operation can cause lethal failure of the actuators.The fabrication process requires molds. Design and 3D print a set of molds for the actuator with a 30 degree oblique chamber. Two parts will form the chamber mold, with one part having a hole to create a tubing connection.The third part will form a base. Next, place a mixing container on a scale. In separate syringes, have silicone elastomer component parts A and B.Use the syringes and scale to add the desired mass of each component to the mixing container.Now, move the mixing container to a Planetary Centrifugal mixer and mix well. After mixing, the silicone elastomer is ready for the protocol. Work with the mold pieces for the chamber.On each of the pieces, evenly spray mold release agent for silicone elastomer products. Orient the two pieces properly and bring them together to assemble the mold. Hold both ends of the mold with clips to prevent leakage.Get five milliliters of silicone elastomer with a syringe. Inject the elastomer slowly into the hole of the mold to fabricate the connection end. Then, fill the whole mold with the silicone elastomer.Use a low-flow rate and move the elastomer back and forth slowly. Once the mold is filled, use a needle to pierce any bubbles that form on the surface. Use a blade to scrape off excess elastomer on the upper surface of the mold.Now, place the mold in a 70 degrees Celsius oven until it is cured. After curing, inspect the mold. Use a syringe to inject silicone elastomer into bubbles and holes on the surface of the actuator.Scrape off any excess elastomer on the surface. Return the mold to the 70 degrees Celsius oven until it is cured. This is an example of a chamber produced by these steps after curing and demolding.Get the mold piece for the base. Spray mold release agent for the silicone elastomer evenly on its surface. Pour the silicone elastomer into the mold to fill it completely.Then, with a needle, pierce any bubbles that form on the surface. Scrape off any excess silicone elastomer along the upper surface with a blade. Place the mold in a 70 degree Celsius oven until the silicone elastomer is cured.This is an example of the base produced by these steps after curing and demolding. At this point, the actuator components are ready. Work with both a chamber and a base.Begin by pouring a one millimeter thick layer of silicone elastomer on one face of the base. Then, place the chamber part on the base. There will be a space between the two pieces.Use a syringe to inject silicone elastomer into the space. Place the actuator in the oven at 70 degrees Celsius until the elastomer is cured. After curing the actuator, tap the actuator tubing connector.It should accept the screw of a male stud push-in fit pneumatic fitting. With a needle, pierce the connection end of the actuator along the central line of the cylinder. Use a steel rod to increase the diameter of the hole to about two millimeters.Get the actuator tubing connector and screw it into the actuator. Once it is in place, push a section of tubing into the pneumatic fitting. The final step is to check for leaks.For this, use a container of water that can cover the actuator. Get the actuator and connect it to an air source. Place the entire actuator into the water and pressurize it.Observe whether bubbles are formed due to a leak. After the test, remove the actuator from the water. In this video, a 30 degree actuator starts under zero applied air pressure.As the pressure increases from zero kilopascals to 90 kilopascals, without interruption, the actuator both bends and twists. As the pressure is reduced, it returns to its original state. The bending angle for the actuator is defined as the angle between the body line in unactuated position and the body line in the actuated position.The twisting angle is the angle between the tip line in the unactuated position and the actuated position. This plot shows the bending angle as a function of pressure for actuators with oblique angles of 30, 45 and 60 degrees. Here is a similar plot for the twisting angle as a function of pressure.Note the difference in the vertical scales. While attempting this procedure, it is important to remember to pierce any bubbles that form on the top surface and scrape off excess elastomer on the upper surface of the mold before placing it into the oven. In this procedure, the silicone elastomer can be mixed manually and the elastomer can be cured at room temperature if the mixer and oven are not available.After its development, this method has paved the way for researchers in the fabrication of soft pneumatic actuators to explore oblique chambers capable of bending and twisting motion in 3D space. Don't forget that working with needles and blades can be extremely hazardous and attention should be paid;avoiding any hurt. In addition, nitrile gloves should always be worn when working with silicone elastomers.

fabrication-of-soft-pneumatic-network-actuators-with-oblique-chambers

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Fabrication of Low Temperature Carbon Nanotube Vertical Interconnects Compatible with Semiconductor Technology

We demonstrate a method for the low temperature growth (350 &#176;C) of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) bundles on electrically conductive thin-films. Due to the low growth temperature, the process allows integration with modern low-&#954; dielectrics and some flexible substrates. The process is compatible with standard semiconductor fabrication, and a method for the fabrication of electrical 4-point probe test structures for vertical interconnect test structures is presented. Using scanning electron microscopy the morphology of the CNT bundles is investigated, which demonstrates vertical alignment of the CNT and can be used to tune the CNT growth time. With Raman spectroscopy the crystallinity of the CNT is investigated. It was found that the CNT have many defects, due to the low growth temperature. The electrical current-voltage measurements of the test vertical interconnects displays a linear response, indicating good ohmic contact was achieved between the CNT bundle and the top and bottom metal electrodes. The obtained resistivities of the CNT bundle are among the average values in the literature, while a record-low CNT growth temperature was used.

A method for the growth of low temperature vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes, and the subsequent fabrication of vertical interconnect electrical test structures using semiconductor fabrication is presented.

半導体技術との互換性低温カーボンナノチューブ垂直相互接続の作製

We demonstrate a method for the low temperature growth (350 &#176;C) of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) bundles on electrically conductive ...

工学

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

This contribution demonstrates the fabrication process of dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). DETs are stretchable capacitors consisting of an elastomeric dielectric membrane sandwiched between two compliant electrodes. The large actuation strains of these transducers when used as actuators (over 300% area strain) and their soft and compliant nature has been exploited for a wide range of applications, including electrically tunable optics, haptic feedback devices, wave-energy harvesting, deformable cell-culture devices, compliant grippers, and propulsion of a bio-inspired fish-like airship. In most cases, DETs are made with a commercial proprietary acrylic elastomer and with hand-applied electrodes of carbon powder or carbon grease. This combination leads to non-reproducible and slow actuators exhibiting viscoelastic creep and a short lifetime. We present here a complete process flow for the reproducible fabrication of DETs based on thin elastomeric silicone films, including casting of thin silicone membranes, membrane release and prestretching, patterning of robust compliant electrodes, assembly and testing. The membranes are cast on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates coated with a water-soluble sacrificial layer for ease of release. The electrodes consist of carbon black particles dispersed into a silicone matrix and patterned using a stamping technique, which leads to precisely-defined compliant electrodes that present a high adhesion to the dielectric membrane on which they are applied.

This manuscript shows the fabrication process for the manufacture of dielectric elastomer soft actuators based on silicone membranes. The three key stages of production are presented in detail: blade casting of thin silicone membranes; pad printing of compliant electrodes; and the assembly of all the components.

シリコーン系誘電エラストマーアクチュエータの製造工程

This contribution demonstrates the fabrication process of dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). DETs are stretchable capacitors consisting of an ...

Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting

One of the typical methods to manufacture 3D lattice metals is the direct-metal additive manufacturing (AM) process such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM). In spite of its potential processing capability, the direct AM method has several disadvantages such as high cost, poor surface finish of final products, limitation in material selection, high thermal stress, and anisotropic properties of parts. We propose a cost-effective method to manufacture 3D lattice metals. The objective of this study is to provide a detailed protocol on fabrication of 3D lattice metals having a complex shape and a thin wall thickness; e.g., octet truss made of Al and Cu alloys having a unit cell length of 5 mm and a cell wall thickness of 0.5 mm. An overall experimental procedure is divided into eight sections: (a) 3D printing of sacrificial patterns (b) melt-out of support materials (c) removal of residue of support materials (d) pattern assembly (e) investment (f) burn-out of sacrificial patterns (g) centrifugal casting (h) post-processing for final products. The suggested indirect AM technique provides the potential to manufacture ultra-lightweight lattice metals; e.g., lattice structures with Al alloys. It appears that the process parameters should be properly controlled depending on materials and lattice geometry, observing the final products of octet truss metals by the indirect AM technique.

An indirect additive manufacturing method combining a 3D printing of polymers with a centrifugal casting is outlined for manufacturing 3D octet truss metals (Al and Cu alloys) having a unit cell length of 5 mm with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm.

遠心鋳造を使用した薄い部分との格子金属の間接製作

One of the typical methods to manufacture 3D lattice metals is the direct-metal additive manufacturing (AM) process such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) ...

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of stretchable electronic devices is the preparation of stretchable conductors with great mechanical stability. In this study, we developed a simple fabrication method to chemically solder the contact points between silver nanowire (AgNW) networks. AgNW nanomesh was first deposited on a glass slide via spray coating method. A reactive ink composed of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) precursors was applied over the spray coated AgNW thin films. After heating for 40 min, AgNPs were preferentially generated over the nanowire junctions to solder the AgNW nanomesh, and reinforced the conducting network. The chemically modified AgNW thin film was then transferred to polyurethane (PU) substrates by casting method. The soldered AgNW thin films on PU exhibited no obvious change in electrical conductivity under stretching or rolling process with elongation strains up to 120%.

A simple synthesis method is used to chemically solder silver nanowire thin film to fabricate highly stretchable and conductive metal conductors.

シルバーナノワイヤーと伸縮性の高い導体の製造方法

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of ...

Free-form Light Actuators &#8212; Fabrication and Control of Actuation in Microscopic Scale

Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are smart materials capable of reversible shape-change in response to external stimuli, and have attracted researchers&#39; attention in many fields. Most of the studies focused on macroscopic LCE structures (films, fibers) and their miniaturization is still in its infancy. Recently developed lithography techniques, e.g., mask exposure and replica molding, only allow for creating 2D structures on LCE thin films. Direct laser writing (DLW) opens access to truly 3D fabrication in the microscopic scale. However, controlling the actuation topology and dynamics at the same length scale remains a challenge.
In this paper we report on a method to control the liquid crystal (LC) molecular alignment in the LCE microstructures of arbitrary three-dimensional shape. This was made possible by a combination of direct laser writing for both the LCE structures as well as for micrograting patterns inducing local LC alignment. Several types of grating patterns were used to introduce different LC alignments, which can be subsequently patterned into the LCE structures. This protocol allows one to obtain LCE microstructures with engineered alignments able to perform multiple opto-mechanical actuation, thus being capable of multiple functionalities. Applications can be foreseen in the fields of tunable photonics, micro-robotics, lab-on-chip technology and others.

Free-form Light Actuators &amp;#8212; Fabrication and Control of Actuation in Microscopic Scale

Here, we fabricate 3D polymeric micro/nano structures in which both the shape and the molecular alignment can be engineered with nanometer scale accuracy by the use of direct laser writing. Light induced deformation of several types of liquid crystalline elastomer microstructures can be controlled in the microscopic scale.

自由形式のライトアクチュエータ - 顕微鏡スケールでの作製と作動の制御

Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are smart materials capable of reversible shape-change in response to external stimuli, and have attracted ...

Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes

The authors present an approach for fabricating stable white light emission from polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) having an active layer which consists of blue-fluorescent poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFD) and &#960;-conjugated triphenylamine molecules. This white light emission originates from exciplexes formed between PFD and amines in electronically excited states. A device containing PFD, 4,4&#39;,4&#39;&#39;-tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA), Poly(ethylene oxide) and K2CF3SO3 showed white light emission with Commission internationale de l&#39;&#233;clairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.33, 0.43) and a Color Rendering Index (CRI) of Ra = 73 at an applied voltage of 3.5 V. Constant voltage measurements showed that the CIE coordinates of (0.27, 0.37), Ra of 67, and the emission color observed immediately after application of a voltage of 5 V were nearly unchanged and stable after 300 sec.

The authors present a method for fabricating stable white-light-emitting electrochemical cells utilizing emission from exciplexes formed between a blue-emitting fluorene polymer and aromatic amines.

エキシプレックスからの安定した発光と白色発光電気化学セルの作製

The authors present an approach for fabricating stable white light emission from polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) having an active ...

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method

The bipolar plate is a key component in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). It is a multi-functional component that should have high electrical conductivity, high mechanical properties, and high productivity.
In this regard, a carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite can be an ideal material to replace the conventional graphite bipolar plate, which often leads to the catastrophic failure of the entire system because of its inherent brittleness. Though the carbon/epoxy composite has high mechanical properties and is easy to manufacture, the electrical conductivity in the through-thickness direction is poor because of the resin-rich layer that forms on its surface. Therefore, an expanded graphite coating was adopted to solve the electrical conductivity issue. However, the expanded graphite coating not only increases the manufacturing costs but also has poor mechanical properties.
In this study, a method to expose fibers on the composite surface is demonstrated. There are currently many methods that can expose fibers by surface treatment after the fabrication of the composite. This new method, however, does not require surface treatment because the fibers are exposed during the manufacture of the composite. By exposing bare carbon fibers on the surface, the electrical conductivity and mechanical strength of the composite are increased drastically.

A protocol to expose bare fibers on the composite surface by eliminating resin rich area is presented. The fibers are exposed during fabrication of the composites, not by the post surface treatment. The exposed carbon composites exhibit high electrical conductivity in the through-thickness direction and high mechanical property.

新しい複合加工法の試作: 軟層法による複合表面にファイバーを公開

The bipolar plate is a key component in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). It is a multi-functional ...

Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition

Ultra-thin film structures have been studied extensively for use as optical coatings, but performance and fabrication challenges remain.&#160; We present an advanced method for fabricating ultra-thin color films with improved characteristics. The proposed process addresses several fabrication issues, including large area processing. Specifically, the protocol describes a process for fabricating ultra-thin color films using an electron beam evaporator for oblique angle deposition of germanium (Ge) and gold (Au) on silicon (Si) substrates.&#160; Film porosity produced by the oblique angle deposition induces color changes in the ultra-thin film. The degree of color change depends on factors such as deposition angle and film thickness. Fabricated samples of the ultra-thin color films showed improved color tunability and color purity. In addition, the measured reflectance of the fabricated samples was converted into chromatic values and analyzed in terms of color. Our ultra-thin film fabricating method is expected to be used for various ultra-thin film applications such as flexible color electrodes, thin film solar cells, and optical filters. Also, the process developed here for analyzing the color of the fabricated samples is broadly useful for studying various color structures.

We present a detailed method for fabricating ultra-thin color films with improved characteristics for optical coatings. The oblique angle deposition technique using an electron beam evaporator allows improved color tunability and purity. Fabricated films of Ge and Au on Si substrates were analyzed by reflectance measurements and color information conversion.

斜め蒸着を使用してメディアを高吸収極薄カラー フィルムの作製

Ultra-thin film structures have been studied extensively for use as optical coatings, but performance and fabrication challenges remain.&#160; We present ...

A Soft Tooling Process Chain for Injection Molding of a 3D Component with Micro Pillars

The purpose of this paper is to present the method of a soft tooling process chain employing Additive Manufacturing (AM) for fabrication of injection molding inserts with micro surface features. The Soft Tooling inserts are manufactured by Digital Light Processing (vat photo polymerization) using a photopolymer that can withstand relatively high temperaturea. The part manufactured here has four tines with an angle of 60&#176;. Micro pillars (&#216;200 &#181;m, aspect ratio of 1) are arranged on the surfaces by two rows. Polyethylene (PE) injection molding with the soft tooling inserts is used to fabricate the final parts. This method demonstrates that it is feasible to obtain injection-molded parts with microstructures on complex geometry by additive manufactured inserts. The machining time and cost is reduced significantly compared to conventional tooling processes based on computer numerical control (CNC) machining. The dimensions of the micro features are influenced by the applied additive manufacturing process. The lifetime of the inserts determines that this process is more suitable for pilot production. The precision of the inserts production is limited by the additive manufacturing process as well.

A protocol for fabricating injection molding inserts for complex geometry with micro features on surfaces employing Additive Manufacturing (AM) is presented.

マイクロ 3 D コンポーネントの射出成形用ソフト ツーリング プロセス チェーンの柱します。

The purpose of this paper is to present the method of a soft tooling process chain employing Additive Manufacturing (AM) for fabrication of injection ...

Fabrication of Microscope Stage for Vertical Observation with Temperature Control Function

Samples are usually placed onto a horizontal microscope stage for microscopic observation. However, to observe the influence of gravity on a sample or study afloat behavior, it is necessary to make the microscope stage vertical. To accomplish this, a sideways inverted microscope tilted by 90&#176; has been devised. To observe samples with this microscope, sample containers such as Petri dishes or glass slides must be secured to the stage vertically. A device that can secure sample containers in place on a vertical microscope stage has been developed and is described here. Attachment of this device to the stage allows observation of sample dynamics in the vertical plane. The ability to regulate temperature using a silicone rubber heater also permits observation of temperature-dependent sample behaviors. Furthermore, the temperature data is transferred to an internet server. Temperature settings and log monitoring can be controlled remotely from a PC or smartphone.

Presented here is a protocol using a temperature-controlled microscope stage that allows a sample container to be mounted on a vertical microscope.

温度制御機能を用いた垂直観察用顕微鏡ステージの製造

Samples are usually placed onto a horizontal microscope stage for microscopic observation. However, to observe the influence of gravity on a sample or ...

斜めの部屋に柔らかい空気ネットワーク アクチュエータの作製

斜めの部屋に柔らかい空気ネットワークアクチュエータの作製