Name: laminectomy and spinal cord window implantation in the mouse
Uploaded: 2019-10-23T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laminectomy and Spinal Cord Window Implantation in the Mouse at JoVE.com

S.E. Lutz 由国家促进转化科学中心、国家卫生研究院、格兰特 KL2TR002002 和伊利诺伊大学芝加哥医学院启动基金提供支持。西蒙·阿尔福德得到RO1 MH084874的支持。内容完全由作者负责，不一定代表NIH的官方观点。作者感谢哥伦比亚大学医学中心神经内科的Dritan Agalliu为Tg eGFP：Claudin-5小鼠，科学讨论，并深入了解手术协议和成像应用的发展。作者感谢加州大学欧文分校神经生物学和行为系的苏尼尔·甘地设计了立体定向装置和动物温度控制器的第一个原型，讨论了手术方案，以及双光子显微镜训练。作者还感谢史蒂夫·皮肯斯（W.Nuhsbaum，Inc.）协助定制手术立体显微镜，罗恩·利平斯基（鲸鱼制造）用于加工立体定向部件。

所有实验都遵循伊利诺伊大学芝加哥机构动物护理和使用委员会的协议。这是一个终端过程。
1. 试剂制备
<ol><li>准备人造脑脊髓液 （aCSF） 包含 125 mM NaCl、 5 mM KCl、 10 mM 葡萄糖、 10 mM HEPES、2 mM MgCl2+6H2O、2 mM CaCl2+2H2O 在 ddH2O. 无菌过滤器中冷冻，并冷冻在单独使用的脂肪中。使用前，在水浴中加热至39°C。</li>
	<li>暖低熔点角蔗角 （2%...

<ol>
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R., Turner, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+tight+junction+protein+complex+undergoes+rapid+and+continuous+molecular+remodeling+at+steady+state.">The tight junction protein complex undergoes rapid and continuous molecular remodeling at steady state.</a> Journal of Cell Biology. 181 (4), 683-695 (2008).</li><li>Knowland, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stepwise+recruitment+of+transcellular+and+paracellular+pathways+underlies+blood-brain+barrier+breakdown+in+stroke.">Stepwise recruitment of transcellular and paracellular pathways underlies blood-brain barrier breakdown in stroke.</a> Neuron. 82, 1-15 (2014).</li><li>Lutz, S. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Caveolin1+Is+Required+for+Th1+Cell+Infiltration,+but+Not+Tight+Junction+Remodeling,+at+the+Blood-Brain+Barrier+in+Autoimmune+Neuroinflammation.">Caveolin1 Is Required for Th1 Cell Infiltration, but Not Tight Junction Remodeling, at the Blood-Brain Barrier in Autoimmune Neuroinflammation.</a> Cell Reports. 21 (8), 2104-2117 (2017).</li><li>Harrison, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vertebral+landmarks+for+the+identification+of+spinal+cord+segments+in+the+mouse.">Vertebral landmarks for the identification of spinal cord segments in the mouse.</a> Neuroimage. 68, 22-29 (2013).</li><li>Cupido, A., Catalin, B., Steffens, H., Kirchhoff, F., Bakota, L., Brandt, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Laser Scanning Microscopy and Quantitative Image Analysis of Neuronal Tissue. , 37-50 (2014).</li><li>Sekiguchi, K. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+large-scale+cellular+activity+in+spinal+cord+of+freely+behaving+mice.">Imaging large-scale cellular activity in spinal cord of freely behaving mice.</a> Nature Communications. 7, 11450 (2016).</li><li>Nadrigny, F., Le Meur, K., Schomburg, E. D., Safavi-Abbasi, S., Dibaj, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two-photon+laser-scanning+microscopy+for+single+and+repetitive+imaging+of+dorsal+and+lateral+spinal+white+matter+in+vivo.">Two-photon laser-scanning microscopy for single and repetitive imaging of dorsal and lateral spinal white matter in vivo.</a> Physiological Research. 66 (3), 531-537 (2017).</li><li>Adelsperger, A. R., Bigiarelli-Nogas, K. J., Toore, I., Goergen, C. 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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+Traditional+and+Integrated+Digital+Anesthetic+Vaporizers.">Comparison of Traditional and Integrated Digital Anesthetic Vaporizers.</a> Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 54 (6), 756-762 (2015).</li><li>Miyamoto, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+COX-2+inhibitor+celecoxib+prevents+experimental+autoimmune+encephalomyelitis+through+COX-2-independent+pathway.">Selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib prevents experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through COX-2-independent pathway.</a> Brain. 129 (Pt 8), 1984-1992 (2006).</li><li>Muthian, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=COX-2+inhibitors+modulate+IL-12+signaling+through+JAK-STAT+pathway+leading+to+Th1+response+in+experimental+allergic+encephalomyelitis.">COX-2 inhibitors modulate IL-12 signaling through JAK-STAT pathway leading to Th1 response in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.</a> Journal of Clinical Immunology. 26 (1), 73-85 (2006).</li></ol>

此处描述的方法允许通过玻璃窗稳定成像小鼠的脊髓。该方法已应用于评估转基因eGFP：Claudin5+/-小鼠的BBB重塑，表达荧光BBB紧密结蛋白，但同样适用于脊髓中任何荧光蛋白或细胞的研究。
已经开发出了用于拉皮切除术和脊髓稳定的方法。所有协议都用于在成像和窗口实现期间稳定脊髓，以便直观地访问感兴趣的结构。切除的椎骨数量和可用协议的侵入性程度各不相同（例?...

表达荧光蛋白的转基因动物模型与生命内显微镜结合，为解决生物学和病理生理学提供了一个强大的平台。为了将这些技术应用于脊髓，需要专门的协议来准备脊髓进行成像。其中一种策略是进行层切除术和脊髓窗口植入。理想的显微镜层切除术方案的主要特点包括保存原生组织结构和功能、成像场的稳定性、快速处理时间和结果的可重复性。一个特别的挑战是稳定成像场对呼吸和心跳引起的运动。据报道，为了实现这些目标，已经报告了多种前体和体内策略，以实现这些目标1、2、3、4、5。大多数体内方法涉及夹紧脊柱2，4的两侧，然后通常植入一个刚性金属装置3，4在手术期间的稳定性和下游成像应用。夹紧脊柱可能会损害血液流动，并诱导血脑屏障 （BBB） 蛋白质重塑。
这种方法的目的是使完整的脊髓可用于活小鼠的光学成像，同时尽量减少协议的侵入性，并改善结果。我们描述了单一层切除术和盖玻璃植入程序，与微创椭圆形塑料 3D 打印背板配对，仍然可实现坚固的机械稳定性。背板直接附着在前椎和后椎脊柱上，用牙科水泥。背板配有侧延伸臂，带螺钉孔，通过金属臂牢固地连接到显微镜级。这有效地将完整的前椎和后椎固定在显微镜阶段，为否则由呼吸和心跳引入的运动伪影提供机械阻力。该方法针对胸腔12级单椎骨的层切除术进行了优化，省略了在体内成像过程中用于稳定的替代策略中使用的钳子。该过程是快速的，每只鼠标大约需要 30 分钟。
该协议可用于研究BBB的疾病机制。BBB 是一个动态微血管系统，由内皮细胞、血管平滑肌、围细胞和星形细胞足过程组成，为中枢神经系统 （CNS） 提供高度选择性的环境。具有代表性的数据描述了该协议在转基因小鼠中的应用，该实验旨在表达增强的绿色荧光蛋白（eGFP）：Claudin-5，一种BBB紧密结蛋白。提供的背板打印文件也可以针对其他应用进行自定义。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>3D printer</td>
			<td>Raise3D</td>
			<td>Pro2</td>
			<td>For printing backplates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PLA 3D printing filament</td>
			<td>Inland</td>
			<td>PLA+-175-B</td>
			<td>Black plastic 3D printing material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3D CAD software</td>
			<td>Dassault Systemes</td>
			<td>Solidworks software</td>
			<td>used to design 3D shapes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3D printer software</td>
			<td>Raise3D</td>
			<td>Ideamaker software</td>
			<td>software used to interface with the 3D printer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3D printed oval backplate</td>
			<td>custom</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Stabilizing imaging field</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical dissecting microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>M205 C</td>
			<td>Equipped with Leica FusionOptics, Planapo 0.63x M-series objective, and gliding stage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope camera</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>MC170</td>
			<td>HD color camera for visualizing surgical field</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gliding stage</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>10446301</td>
			<td>The gliding stage is constructed of two metal plates. The base plate is fixed. The upper plate slides on greased interface to allow rotational and linear movement.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical station and stabilization fork</td>
			<td>Whale Manufactoring</td>
			<td>custom</td>
			<td>Laminectomy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SomnoSuite low-flow isoflurane delivery unit</td>
			<td>Kent Scientific</td>
			<td>SS-01</td>
			<td>Surgical anesthesia administration with integrated digitial vaporizer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel 1.5 inch mounting post</td>
			<td>ThorLabs</td>
			<td>P50/M</td>
			<td>For mounting surgical station onto optical table for two-photon imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Counterbored Clamping Fork for 1.5&#34; mounting Post</td>
			<td>ThorLabs</td>
			<td>PF175</td>
			<td>For stabilizing surgical station mount onto optical table for two-photon imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ideal bone microdrill</td>
			<td>Harvard apparatus</td>
			<td>72-6065</td>
			<td>Thinning bone for laminectomy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water bath</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15-462-10</td>
			<td>Warming saline</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cautery gun</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>18010-00</td>
			<td>Cauterizing minor bleeds</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heating pad</td>
			<td>Benchmark</td>
			<td>BF11222</td>
			<td>1.9&#8221; x 4.5&#8221; silicone heater with 20&#8221; Teflon leads, 10W, 5V</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>K type thermocoupled rectal probe</td>
			<td>Physitemp</td>
			<td>RET3</td>
			<td>Measuring mouse body temperature</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>petroleum jelly</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>8009-03-8</td>
			<td>Lubricating rectal probe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Feedback-regulated thermal controller</td>
			<td>custom</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>Commercially available alternatives include the Physitemp TCAT series</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PVA Surgical eye spears</td>
			<td>Beaver-visitec international</td>
			<td>40400-8</td>
			<td>Absorbing blood</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electric trimmer</td>
			<td>Wahl</td>
			<td>41590-0438</td>
			<td>Trimming mouse fur</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blade, #11</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>14002-14</td>
			<td>Surgical tool</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps, #5</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>11254-20</td>
			<td>Surgical tool</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps, #4</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>14002-14</td>
			<td>Surgical tool</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Titatnium toothed forceps</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>555047FT</td>
			<td>Surgical tool</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Titanium Iris scissors</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>555562S</td>
			<td>Surgical tool</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vetbond tissue adhesive</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>084-1469SB</td>
			<td>Preparing tissue surface for dental acrylic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ceramic mixing tray</td>
			<td>Jack Richeson</td>
			<td>420716</td>
			<td>Mixing dental acrylic agent with accelerant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Orthojet dental acrylic</td>
			<td>Lang Dental</td>
			<td>1520BLK, 1503BLK</td>
			<td>Permanently bonding backplate to tissue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small round cover glass, #1 thickness, 3 mm</td>
			<td>Harvard apparatus</td>
			<td>64-0720</td>
			<td>optical window</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>7647-14-5</td>
			<td>For aCSF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KCl</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>7447-40-7</td>
			<td>For aCSF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glucose</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>50-99-7</td>
			<td>For aCSF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>7365-45-9</td>
			<td>For aCSF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgCl2&#183;6H2O</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>7791-18-6</td>
			<td>For aCSF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CaCl2&#183;2H2O</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10035-04-8</td>
			<td>For aCSF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carprofen</td>
			<td>Rimadyl</td>
			<td>QM01AE91</td>
			<td>Analgesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bacteriostatic water</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>2587428</td>
			<td>Diluent for carprofen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>11695-6776-2</td>
			<td>Anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lactated ringer solution</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>0338-0117-04</td>
			<td>Hydration for mouse</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose High EEO</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A9793</td>
			<td>gel point 34-37 degrees C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Opthalmic lubricating ointment</td>
			<td>Akwa Tears</td>
			<td>68788-0697</td>
			<td>Prevent corneal drying</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MOM Two-Photon Microscope</td>
			<td>Sutter</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

laminectomy and spinal cord window implantation in the mouse

该协议描述了一种用于小鼠脊髓体内成像的脊髓层膜切除术和玻璃窗植入方法。集成数字蒸发器用于以亚非卢兰的低流速实现稳定的麻醉平面。一根椎骨脊柱被切除，一个市售的封面玻璃被覆盖在一张薄的甘蔗床上。然后，使用组织粘合剂和牙科水泥将 3D 打印的塑料背板贴在相邻的椎脊上。稳定平台用于减少呼吸和心跳的运动伪影。这种快速和无夹紧的方法非常适合急性多光光荧光显微镜。在表达eGFP：Claudin-5——一种紧密结蛋白的转基因小鼠中，应用该技术在脊髓血管的双光子显微镜上，包括代表性数据。

植入的玻璃窗和生命内的双光子显微镜为评估中枢神经系统蛋白质的动态变化提供了一个有用的工具。BBB的功能完整性受紧密结蛋白7的表达、亚细胞定位和周转率的影响。先前的研究表明，紧密结蛋白在稳定状态8下进行快速和动态的重塑。目前描述的拉氏切除术和玻璃窗制剂已用于转基因eGFP：Claudin-5小鼠9，其中含有...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laminectomy and Spinal Cord Window Implantation in the Mouse at JoVE.com

Laminectomy and Spinal Cord Window Implantation in the Mouse

该协议描述将玻璃窗植入小鼠脊髓，以方便通过生命内显微镜进行可视化。

拉米内切手术和脊髓窗口植入小鼠

This protocol describes a method for spinal cord laminectomy and glass window implantation for in vivo imaging of the mouse spinal cord. An integrated ...

这种方法能够检查完整的中枢神经系统内的体内蛋白质动力学，以解决神经科学和免疫学中的问题。该程序的主要优点是出色的运动稳定性，用于图像采集、手术时间短暂、操作员对气态麻醉的暴露减少以及廉价的可定制背板。这种方法的视觉演示是至关重要的，因为很难在不损害紧密基础的神经系统组织在手术的拉明切除术步骤期间切除骨骼。在开始该过程之前，请使用 3D 计算机辅助设计软件为指示的尺寸创建模型。因此，我们有一个对象，这是三维对象，这是我们可以开始。然后，我能做的就是，我们可以把设置，为打印版本。因此，如果我打开"编辑"，进入高级，打开一个窗口，使我能够查看所有这些设置。将喷嘴温度设置为 205 摄氏度，将床温设置为 45 摄氏度，将 3D 打印机的打印速度设置为 45 毫米/秒。使用 0.4 毫米热 ent 喷嘴和 0.2 毫米层高度打印背板。然后目视地评估打印的背板的结构完整性。严重结构故障表示打印缺陷。当背板准备好时，将一只8到12周大的麻醉小鼠的头部放在手术限制器耳架之间的热垫上，并在动物的眼睛上涂抹软膏。在确认对手趾捏没有反应后，使用11号刀片在下胸上腰椎区域进行1.5厘米的胸腔中线切口，将皮肤与胸腔分离。使用钳子剥回皮肤下剩余的透明结缔组织，以暴露表面的肌肉。用泡沫手术矛和目标椎骨的剩余更深的肌肉取代肌肉。要为后板创建一个座位，请从胸腔 11 的后部和胸板 13 的前部清除肌肉。必要时使用钳子从肌腱上去除剩余的肌肉。当所有的肌肉被切除时，用钳子小心地切开肌腱，直到获得足够的空间来可视化和操纵脊髓。确认椎间空间的杜拉母体、半透明层骨、骨下的中央表面血管以及前辐射动脉清晰可见。用温暖的人工脑脊髓液将区域弄湿，并使用与脊髓长轴平行的直线笔触将层骨变薄。用钳子轻轻抓住表面的旋转过程，抬起椎骨。骨头应该很容易地抬起。使用四号钳清除任何骨片，控制任何出血与手术矛和温和的稳定压力，如有必要。然后用温暖的人工脑脊髓液冲洗组织。对于盖玻璃植入，轻轻涂抹三毫米硅酸盐盖玻璃到外露的电线。使用小铲子将 39 摄氏度加热 2% 的 agarose 涂抹到玻璃边缘，并允许毛细管作用在盖玻璃表面下绘制 agarose。将组织粘合剂涂抹在胸椎11级和13级椎骨的完好相邻椎骨的外露骨关节工艺上。在相邻肌腱和横向过程周围环中应用额外的组织粘合剂。接下来，使用新的铲子将与助剂混合的牙科水泥涂在组织粘合层上，并在盖玻璃窗为中心的手术场上放置一个背板。应用多层牙科水泥可产生更强的背板附着力，但请务必在牙科水泥开始干燥之前快速放置背板。在允许牙科水泥固化 10 分钟后，用额外的粘合剂填充后处的内部底座和底部。将牙科水泥涂在薄层中有助于降低水泥扩散到盖玻璃和红糖的风险，从而危及整个协议。当牙科水泥干燥后，将分叉背板支架涂抹到车窗上的适当位置，然后将背板拧入背板支架。然后将盐水涂抹到后板上以测试泄漏。然后，动物和手术平台可以转移到两光子显微镜的光学台，通过盖玻璃窗进行成像。在这个具有代表性的实验中，EGFP阳性的克劳丁-5在血管丛中荧光标记的紧密结内被可视化。Z 投影中紧密结结构的清晰划分表明，在成功进行拉明切除术、窗口放置和背板植入后，可产生最小的 XY 图像位移。在尝试此程序时，重要的是要记住，这种显微手术是困难的，可能需要一段时间来掌握。然而，一旦掌握，这个手术可以在大约30分钟内进行。按照这个程序，其他方法，如两光显微镜和体内成像，可以执行，以回答有关神经血管重塑和其他疾病过程涉及脊髓的其他问题。

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Dissection and Culture of Commissural Neurons from Embryonic Spinal Cord

从胚胎脊髓​​连合神经的解剖和文化

Commissural neurons have been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying axon guidance during embryonic spinal cord development. The cell bodies ...

科研

神经科学

Spinal Cord Electrophysiology II: Extracellular Suction Electrode Fabrication

脊髓电二：外吸电极的制作

Development of neural circuitries and locomotion can be studied using neonatal rodent spinal cord central pattern generator (CPG) behavior. We demonstrate ...

In vivo Imaging of the Mouse Spinal Cord Using Two-photon Microscopy

In vivo Imaging of the Mouse Spinal Cord Using Two-photon Microscopy

在体内脊髓的鼠标线使用双光子显微镜成像

In vivo imaging using two-photon microscopy 1 in mice that have been genetically engineered to express fluorescent proteins in specific cell types 2-3 has ...

Stereotaxic Injection of a Viral Vector for Conditional Gene Manipulation in the Mouse Spinal Cord

立体定向注射病毒载体的基因操作在小鼠脊髓条件

Intraparenchymal injection of a viral vector enables conditional gene manipulation in distinct populations of neurons or particular regions of the central ...

Spinal Cord Transection in the Larval Zebrafish

在斑马鱼幼虫脊髓横断

Mammals fail in sensory and motor recovery following spinal cord injury due to lack of axonal regrowth below the level of injury as well as an inability ...

A Procedure for Implanting a Spinal Chamber for Longitudinal In Vivo Imaging of the Mouse Spinal Cord

A Procedure for Implanting a Spinal Chamber for Longitudinal In Vivo Imaging of the Mouse Spinal Cord

一个程序，植入脊柱商会纵<em&gt;在体内</em&gt;鼠标脊髓成像

Studies in the mammalian neocortex have enabled unprecedented resolution of cortical structure, activity, and response to neurodegenerative insults by ...

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord

细胞动力学在小鼠脊髓双光子成像

Two-photon (2P) microscopy is utilized to reveal cellular dynamics and interactions deep within living, intact tissues. Here, we present a method for ...

Imaging Serotonergic Fibers in the Mouse Spinal Cord Using the CLARITY/CUBIC Technique

影像学检查HT能纤维在小鼠脊髓使用CLARITY / CUBIC技术

Long descending fibers to the spinal cord are essential for locomotion, pain perception, and other behaviors. The fiber termination pattern in the spinal ...

Imaging Neural Activity in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Using Thy1-GCaMP6s Transgenic Mice

Imaging Neural Activity in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Using Thy1-GCaMP6s Transgenic Mice

胸腺1-gmcmp6 转基因小鼠在原代体血源皮质中的成像神经活性

The mammalian brain exhibits marked symmetry across the sagittal plane. However, detailed description of neural dynamics in symmetric brain regions in ...

Intra-Arterial Delivery of Neural Stem Cells to the Rat and Mouse Brain: Application to Cerebral Ischemia

神经干细胞向大鼠和小鼠大脑的动脉内传递：对脑缺血的应用

Neural stem cell (NSC) therapy is an emerging innovative treatment for stroke, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. As compared to ...