Name: digestion of the murine liver for a flow cytometric analysis of lymphatic endothelial cells
Uploaded: 2019-01-07T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Digestion of the Murine Liver for a Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells at JoVE.com

저자 기 및 간 타고 난 면역 프로그램이이 프로젝트의 통화 지원에 감사 하 고 싶습니다. B.A.J.T.는 또한 R01 AI121209에 의해 자금을.

여기에 설명 된 모든 메서드는 기관 동물 관리 및 사용 위원회 (IACUC) 콜로라도 대학 Anschutz 의료 캠퍼스의 승인 되었습니다.
1입니다. 자료의 준비
<ol><li>5 mg/mL 솔루션 DNase의 인산 염 버퍼 식 염 수 (PBS)에 내가.</li>
	<li>클릭의 EHAA 미디어 콜라 IV의 5000 U/mL을 추가 하 여 소화 혼합물 을 확인 합니다.</li>
	<li>사용 하기 30 분 전에 37 ° C에서 소화 혼합 따뜻...

<ol>
	<li>Tanaka, M., Iwakiri, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lymphatics+in+the+liver.">Lymphatics in the liver.</a> Current Opinion in Immunology. 53, 137-142 (2018).</li><li>Vollmar, B., Wolf, B., Siegmund, S., Katsen, A. D., Menger, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lymph+vessel+expansion+and+function+in+the+development+of+hepatic+fibrosis+and+cirrhosis.">Lymph vessel expansion and function in the development of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis.</a> The American Journal of Pathology. 151 (1), 169-175 (1997).</li><li>Podgrabinska, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+characterization+of+lymphatic+endothelial+cells.">Molecular characterization of lymphatic endothelial cells.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (25), 16069-16074 (2002).</li><li>Cohen, J. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lymph+node-resident+lymphatic+endothelial+cells+mediate+peripheral+tolerance+via+Aire-independent+direct+antigen+presentation.">Lymph node-resident lymphatic endothelial cells mediate peripheral tolerance via Aire-independent direct antigen presentation.</a> Journal of Experimental Medicine. 207 (4), 681-688 (2010).</li><li>Cohen, J. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tolerogenic+properties+of+lymphatic+endothelial+cells+are+controlled+by+the+lymph+node+microenvironment.">Tolerogenic properties of lymphatic endothelial cells are controlled by the lymph node microenvironment.</a> PLoS One. 9 (2), e87740 (2014).</li><li>Rouhani, S. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Roles+of+lymphatic+endothelial+cells+expressing+peripheral+tissue+antigens+in+CD4+T-cell+tolerance+induction.">Roles of lymphatic endothelial cells expressing peripheral tissue antigens in CD4 T-cell tolerance induction.</a> Nature Communications. 6, 6771 (2015).</li><li>Tewalt, E. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lymphatic+endothelial+cells+induce+tolerance+via+PD-L1+and+lack+of+costimulation+leading+to+high-level+PD-1+expression+on+CD8+T+cells.">Lymphatic endothelial cells induce tolerance via PD-L1 and lack of costimulation leading to high-level PD-1 expression on CD8 T cells.</a> Blood. 120 (24), 4772-4782 (2012).</li><li>Dubrot, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lymph+node+stromal+cells+acquire+peptide-MHCII+complexes+from+dendritic+cells+and+induce+antigen-specific+CD4(+)+T+cell+tolerance.">Lymph node stromal cells acquire peptide-MHCII complexes from dendritic cells and induce antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell tolerance.</a> Journal of Experimental Medicine. 211 (6), 1153-1166 (2014).</li><li>Hirosue, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Steady-state+antigen+scavenging,+cross-presentation,+and+CD8++T+cell+priming:+a+new+role+for+lymphatic+endothelial+cells.">Steady-state antigen scavenging, cross-presentation, and CD8+ T cell priming: a new role for lymphatic endothelial cells.</a> Journal of Immunology. 192 (11), 5002-5011 (2014).</li><li>Lund, A. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=VEGF-C+promotes+immune+tolerance+in+B16+melanomas+and+cross-presentation+of+tumor+antigen+by+lymph+node+lymphatics.">VEGF-C promotes immune tolerance in B16 melanomas and cross-presentation of tumor antigen by lymph node lymphatics.</a> Cell Reports. 1 (3), 191-199 (2012).</li><li>Lund, A. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lymphatic+vessels+regulate+immune+microenvironments+in+human+and+murine+melanoma.">Lymphatic vessels regulate immune microenvironments in human and murine melanoma.</a> Journal of Clinical Investigation. 126 (9), 3389-3402 (2016).</li><li>Swartz, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunomodulatory+roles+of+lymphatic+vessels+in+cancer+progression.">Immunomodulatory roles of lymphatic vessels in cancer progression.</a> Cancer Immunology Research. 2 (8), 701-707 (2014).</li><li>Dietrich, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cutting+edge:+lymphatic+vessels,+not+blood+vessels,+primarily+mediate+immune+rejections+after+transplantation.">Cutting edge: lymphatic vessels, not blood vessels, primarily mediate immune rejections after transplantation.</a> Journal of Immunology. 184 (2), 535-539 (2010).</li><li>Kedl, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Migratory+Dendritic+Cells+acquire+archived+antigen+from+Lymphatic+Endothelial+Cells+for+antigen+presentation+during+lymph+node+contraction.">Migratory Dendritic Cells acquire archived antigen from Lymphatic Endothelial Cells for antigen presentation during lymph node contraction.</a> Nature Communications. 8, 2034 (2017).</li><li>Kedl, R. M., Tamburini, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antigen+archiving+by+lymph+node+stroma:+A+novel+function+for+the+lymphatic+endothelium.">Antigen archiving by lymph node stroma: A novel function for the lymphatic endothelium.</a> European Journal of Immunology. 45 (10), 2721-2729 (2015).</li><li>Tamburini, B. A., Burchill, M. A., Kedl, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antigen+capture+and+archiving+by+lymphatic+endothelial+cells+following+vaccination+or+viral+infection.">Antigen capture and archiving by lymphatic endothelial cells following vaccination or viral infection.</a> Nature Communications. 5, 3989 (2014).</li><li>Yokomori, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lymphatic+marker+podoplanin/D2-40+in+human+advanced+cirrhotic+liver--re-evaluations+of+microlymphatic+abnormalities.">Lymphatic marker podoplanin/D2-40 in human advanced cirrhotic liver--re-evaluations of microlymphatic abnormalities.</a> BMC Gastroenterology. 10, 131 (2010).</li><li>Nonaka, H., Tanaka, M., Suzuki, K., Miyajima, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+murine+hepatic+sinusoidal+endothelial+cells+characterized+by+the+expression+of+hyaluronan+receptors.">Development of murine hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells characterized by the expression of hyaluronan receptors.</a> Developmental Dynamics. 236 (8), 2258-2267 (2007).</li><li>Dudas, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prospero-related+homeobox+1+(Prox1)+is+a+stable+hepatocyte+marker+during+liver+development,+injury+and+regeneration,+and+is+absent+from+"oval+cells".">Prospero-related homeobox 1 (Prox1) is a stable hepatocyte marker during liver development, injury and regeneration, and is absent from "oval cells".</a> Histochemistry and Cell Biology. 126 (5), 549-562 (2006).</li><li>Schrage, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Murine+CD146+is+widely+expressed+on+endothelial+cells+and+is+recognized+by+the+monoclonal+antibody+ME-9F1.">Murine CD146 is widely expressed on endothelial cells and is recognized by the monoclonal antibody ME-9F1.</a> Histochemistry and Cell Biology. 129 (4), 441-451 (2008).</li><li>Amatschek, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood+and+lymphatic+endothelial+cell-specific+differentiation+programs+are+stringently+controlled+by+the+tissue+environment.">Blood and lymphatic endothelial cell-specific differentiation programs are stringently controlled by the tissue environment.</a> Blood. 109 (11), 4777-4785 (2007).</li><li>Huang, L., Soldevila, G., Leeker, M., Flavell, R., Crispe, I. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+liver+eliminates+T+cells+undergoing+antigen-triggered+apoptosis+in+vivo.">The liver eliminates T cells undergoing antigen-triggered apoptosis in vivo.</a> Immunity. 1 (9), 741-749 (1994).</li><li>Shay, T., Kang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunological+Genome+Project+and+systems+immunology.">Immunological Genome Project and systems immunology.</a> Trends in Immunology. 34 (12), 602-609 (2013).</li><li>Li, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adult+Mouse+Liver+Contains+Two+Distinct+Populations+of+Cholangiocytes.">Adult Mouse Liver Contains Two Distinct Populations of Cholangiocytes.</a> Stem Cell Reports. 9 (2), 478-489 (2017).</li><li>Randolph, G. J., Ivanov, S., Zinselmeyer, B. H., Scallan, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Lymphatic+System:+Integral+Roles+in+Immunity.">The Lymphatic System: Integral Roles in Immunity.</a> Annual Review of Immunology. 35, 31-52 (2016).</li><li>Olszewski, W. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+lymphatic+system+in+body+homeostasis:+physiological+conditions.">The lymphatic system in body homeostasis: physiological conditions.</a> Lymphatic Research and Biology. 1 (1), 11-21 (2003).</li></ol>

빛25LECs의 전반적인 중요성 면역 항상성 그리고 규칙에 최근에 왔다. 게시 된 림프 문학의 많은 피부와 림프절;에 초점을 맞추고합니다 그러나, lymphatics26 신체 걸쳐 발견 되 고, 따라서, 다른 기관에 그들의 중요성의 우리의 이해는 필요 하다. 여기 우리가 다른 표면 마커, cytokines, 발산, 및 녹음 방송 요인 등 세포내 단백질의 그들의 동시 표현 이해 하기 셀에 의?...

간에서 림프 혈관 및 LECs의 역할은 잘 이해 되지. 림프 혈관 간1 의 포털 3 인조 내의 질병2중 확장 하는 동안 아주 작은 기능 및 간 내 LECs의 표현 형에 관한 이해 된다. LECs3에 주로 발견 되는 마커의 발견과 항상성 및 질병에 다른 조직 틈새 내의 이러한 셀의 중요성 우리의 이해에 중요 한 격차를 채울 것입니다. LECs는 T 세포4,,56,7,8, 와 직접 상호 작용 하 여 림프 노드 및 전이성 종양 주변 공차를 유지 하는 주요 역할 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13. 림프 노드에서 LECs 철새 수지상 세포14,,1516와 그들의 상호 작용을 통해 보호 면역을 홍보할 수 있습니다. 따라서, 특정 조직에 있는 그들은 존재 하는 상호 작용 수 있는 LECs에 대 한 여러 역할이 있습니다. 그러나, 아주 작은 LECs 조직에서 면역 세포 상호 작용 하는 방법 또는 다른 기관 체계; LECs 작동 하는 방법에 대 한 이해는 따라서, 간 또는 다른 장기에서 세포 당 기준 LECs 평가 어떻게 LECs 조직 특정 면역 프로그램에서 발생할 수 있습니다. 문학에 초점을 맞춘 LECs 간에서 많이 LECs 하나 또는 두 개의 마커 및 형태학17를 사용 하 여 시각화를 현미경을 사용 하 여, 하는 동안 아주 작은 일 하고있다 특히 cytometry, 비록 한 연구를 사용 하 여 셀에 의해 셀 별로 LECs를 평가 하 한 간 사인 내 피 세포 (LSECs), LECs18간의 차이 평가. Cytometry 여 간에서 LEC 인구를 분석할 수 있는 정상적인 항상성 또는 질병 동안 LEC 표현 형의 심도 있는 연구에 대 한 수 있습니다.
LECs cytometry로를 평가 하려면 여러 표면 마커 필요 합니다. 일반적으로, LECs 지주 님 관련 homeobox 1의 표현 (Prox-1), 림프 혈관 내 피 hyaluronan 수용 체 1 (LYVE1) 또는 혈관 내 피 성장 인자 수용 체 3 (VEGFR3) 현미경을 사용 하 여 시각화 됩니다. 그러나,이 간,이 마커의 식 LECs 제한 되지 않습니다. Prox 1 널리 간 개발, 재생, 및 부상19, hepatocytes에 의해 표현 하 고 LYVE1 및 VEGFR318간 사인 내 피 세포 의해 표현 됩니다. 림프절, LECs cytometry 차별화 (CD)의 클러스터로 사용 하 여 식별 됩니다 CD45-CD31 +, podoplanin + (PDPN)16. 그러나,이 방법은 너무 CD45-CD31 + 세포는 내 피 세포와 간에서 혈관 내 피 세포의 주된 인구는 LSECs 이후 간에서 LECs을 최소 이다. 따라서, 다른 마커는 풍부한 LSEC 인구에서 드문 LEC 인구 구분 필요 합니다. CD16/32 (성숙 LSECs18에 의해 표현)와 CD146 (일반적인 혈관 내 피 세포 마커를 주로 림프 여 식이 없는 거의 간 사인 내 피 세포20 여 간 사인 내 표현 내 피 세포21) 후보 마커를 했다.
따라서, 우리는 분리 하 고 간 cytometry에 대 한 위의 마커, CD45, CD31, CD146, CD16/32, 및 PDPN를 사용 하 여에서 LECs을 시각화 하는 방법을 최적화 합니다. 우리는 콜라 4의 사용, DNase 1, 및 단일 셀 서 스 펜 션에 간 조직 소화에 대 한 기계적 분리 설명합니다. 우리는 또한 세포질 파편을 제거 하 고 비 parenchymal 세포 (NPC)의 분리에 대 한 iodixanol 밀도 그라디언트를 사용 하 여를 설명 합니다. 주된 마커로 PDPN 간에서 LECs을 식별 하는 최적의 흐름 cytometry 제어 전략을 결정 마지막으로, 여러 개의 마커를 사용 하 여, 우리.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Clicks/EHAA media</td>
			<td>Irvine Scientific</td>
			<td>9195</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase IV</td>
			<td>Worthington Biochemical corporation</td>
			<td>LS004188</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNase I</td>
			<td>Worthington Biochemical corporation</td>
			<td>LS002145</td>
			<td>Deoxyribonuclease 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OptiPrep</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D1556</td>
			<td>Density Gradient Medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>V450 anti mouse CD146(clone ME-9F1</td>
			<td>BD biosciences</td>
			<td>562232</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC anti mouse CD146 (clone ME-9F1</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>134706</td>
			<td>Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pacific Blue anti mouse CD31(clone 390)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>102422</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PerCp/Cy5.5 anti mouse CD31( clone 390)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>102420</td>
			<td>Peridinin-chlorophyll proteins-Cyanine 5.5 (PerCP-Cy5.5)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>APC anti mouse PDPN (clone 8.1.1)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>127410</td>
			<td>Allophycocyanin (APC), podoplanin (PDPN)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>APC/Cy7 anti mouse CD45 (clone 30-F11)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>103116</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Brilliant Violet 510 anti mouse CD45 (clone 30-F11</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>103138</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC anti mouse CD16/32 (clone 93)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>101306</td>
			<td>Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PerCp/Cy5.5 anti mouse CD16/32( clone 93)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>101324</td>
			<td>Peridinin-chlorophyll proteins-Cyanine 5.5 (PerCP-Cy5.5)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ghost red 780 viability dye</td>
			<td>TONBO biosceinces</td>
			<td>3-0865-T100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>APC syrian hamster IgG (clone SHG-1)</td>
			<td>Biolegened</td>
			<td>402102</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PerCp/Cy5.5 rat IgG2a (clone RTK2758)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>400531</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC rat IgG2 (clone eBR2a)</td>
			<td>ebioscience</td>
			<td>1-4321-80</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti mouse LYVE1 (clone 223322)</td>
			<td>R&#38;D systems</td>
			<td>FAB2125A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-mouse Cytokeratin(clone EPR17078)</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab181598</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-mouse F4/80 (clone Cl:A3-1)</td>
			<td>Bio-rad</td>
			<td>MCA497</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA (fraction V)</td>
			<td>Fischer</td>
			<td>BP1600-100</td>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat serum</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch</td>
			<td>017-000-121</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey Serum</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch</td>
			<td>017-000-121</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDTA</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>E177</td>
			<td>Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) -for RBC lysis buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium Chloride</td>
			<td>Fischer</td>
			<td>A687-500</td>
			<td>for RBC Lysis buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium Bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Fischer</td>
			<td>P184-500</td>
			<td>for RBC Lysis buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel</td>
			<td>Feather</td>
			<td>2975#21</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100um cell strainer</td>
			<td>Fischer</td>
			<td>22363549</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2.4G2</td>
			<td>in house/ATCC</td>
			<td>ATCC HB-197</td>
			<td>FC block to inhibit non-specific binding to Fc gamma + cells -made from hybridoma</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>21-040-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14185-052</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Atlanta biologicals</td>
			<td>S11550</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96 well plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3788</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 well plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 ml conical</td>
			<td>Truline</td>
			<td>TR2004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 ml conical</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>352196</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 ml Pipete tip</td>
			<td>USA scientific</td>
			<td>1111-2721</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>200 &#181;l pipete tip</td>
			<td>USA scientific</td>
			<td>1110-1700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 &#181;l pipete tip</td>
			<td>USA scientific</td>
			<td>1111-3700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>seriological 10ml pipete</td>
			<td>greiner bio-one</td>
			<td>607107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>seriological 5ml pipete</td>
			<td>greiner bio-one</td>
			<td>606107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell incubator</td>
			<td>Fischer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Heracell 160i</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD FacsCanto II flow cytometer</td>
			<td>BD biosciences</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clinical Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Beckman coulter</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>model X-14R</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

digestion of the murine liver for a flow cytometric analysis of lymphatic endothelial cells

간, 내 림프 혈관 포털 깡패 내에서 발견 되 고 그들의 설명한 기능 세포 파편과 항을 조사 수 있는 림프절을 간에서 틈새 액체를 제거 하는. 우리는 림프 맥 관 구조 염증 및 간 내에서 면역 세포 기능에 관여 하는 수도 있습니다 어떻게 이해에 매우 관심이 다입니다. 그러나, 아주 작은 게시 된 간 또는 간 평가 하는 데 사용할 수 있는 특정 마커 (LECs)의 림프 내 피 세포의 고립에 대 한 소화 프로토콜 설정 LECs 당 셀 기준. 따라서, 우리는 소화와 간에서 LEC 인구를 평가 하기 위해 간 얼룩에 대 한 방법을 최적화 합니다. 우리는 여기에 설명 된 방법을 식별 및 간에서 LECs의 격리에 대 한 도움이 될 것입니다 LECs 간 microenvironment에 대응 하는 방법에 대 한 우리의 이해를 강화할 것 이다 확신.

간 lymphatics를 분석 하는 연구는 주로 주파수와 간에서 림프 혈관의 직경을 quantitate 하 immunohistochemistry를 사용 됩니다. 그러나,이 메서드는 셀에 의해 셀 기준 LECs의 평가 대 한 또는 여러 마커, cytokines, 발산, 또는 녹음 방송 요인의 표현에 대 한 허용 하지 않습니다. 따라서, 우리는 물었다 간 여부 LECs 간 으로부터 격리 될 수 있고 cytometry 사용 하 여 평가. 림프절 LECs 분리 이...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Digestion of the Murine Liver for a Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells at JoVE.com

Digestion of the Murine Liver for a Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

림프 내 피 세포의 흐름 Cytometric 분석 Murine 간 소화

이 프로토콜의 목표 설명된 마커를 사용 하 여 간 내 림프 내 피 세포 인구를 식별 하는 것입니다. 우리는 콜라 IV 및 DNase 및 조직, 림프 내 피 세포의 명료한 인구를 식별 하기 위해 cytometry와 결합의 부드러운 닦지를 이용 한다.

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the ...

이 방법은 림프내막 세포 또는 LEC가 특정 자극에 어떻게 반응하는지, 그리고 질병 병인에 기여하는 방법과 같은 림프및 간 장에서 중요한 질문에 대답하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다. 이 기술의 주요 장점은 간 림프내막 세포 표현형및 기능을 세포 별로 평가할 수 있으며 세포 분류 후 다운스트림 응용 분야에 사용할 수 있다는 것입니다. 이 방법은 간 림프 생물학에 대한 통찰력을 제공 할 수 있지만, 그것은 또한 피부와 유방 선과 같은 다른 조직에서 림프 내피 세포를 평가하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다.절차를 시연하는 것은 내 실험실에서 전문 연구 조수 인 제프리 핀론 (Jeffrey Finlon)이 될 것입니다. 고립 된 간 세포에서 단일 세포 현탁액을 준비하려면 70 %의 에탄올로 마우스를 살포하고 발을 해부 보드에 고정하는 것으로 시작합니다. 해부 가위를 사용하여 항문 위의 약 1센티미터 높이의 피부를 자르고 이빨이 있는 집게를 사용하여 피부가 몸에서 멀어지게 합니다.피부와 복막 사이에 가위 팁을 삽입하고 가위를 열어 조직을 분리한 후 피부 절개를 목까지 계속합니다. 각 앞다리 아래와 각 뒷다리 위에 해부 보드에 피부를 고정하고, 목으로 절개를 확장하기 위해 위쪽으로 회귀 자루를 당깁니다. 간의 엽을 잡고 흉골 바로 아래잘라 간 주위해부를 허용합니다.그런 다음 장기를 Click's EHAA 배지의 4밀리리터로 옮기습니다. 메스를 사용하여 간을 직경약 1mm조각으로 자르고 갓 준비된 소화용액 500마이크로리터와 DNase 1의 500마이크로리터로 조각을 소화합니다. 섭씨 37도에서 15분 후, 500밀리리터 파이펫을 사용하여 조직을 철저히 혼합하고 컨테이너를 인큐베이터로 15분 더 돌려보냅니다.인큐베이션의 끝에서, 100 미콘 여과기를 통해 50 밀리리터 원뿔 튜브로 소화된 샘플을 옮기고 1 밀리리터 주사기의 플런저를 사용하여 메쉬를 통해 나머지 조직 조각을 부드럽게 누릅니다. 5밀리리터의 격리 버퍼로 필터를 씻고 여과기를 통해 남은 조직을 부드럽게 누릅니다. 원심분리에 의해 고립된 간 세포를 수집하고 적혈구 용해 완충제의 4밀리리터에서 펠릿을 다시 중단한다.실온에서 5 분 후, 격리 버퍼의 10 밀리리터에서 세포를 세척하고 전체 간 수를 결정하기 위해 혈류계에 세포를 계산합니다. 20%의 iodixanol의 5밀리리터에서 펠릿을 다시 중단하고 PBS의 1밀리리터로 세포 현탁액을 오버레이합니다. 밀도 그라데이션 분리에 의해 세포를 분리하고 PBS와 iodixanol 사이의 층을 수확한다.그런 다음 100 마이크로미터 여과기를 통해 세포를 새로운 50 밀리리터 원뿔 튜브로 필터링합니다. 신선한 절연 버퍼의 10 밀리리터에서 세포를 세척하고 PBS의 500 마이크로 리터에 생성 펠릿을 다시 중단, 2 %의 태아 소 혈청, 또는 FBS로 보충. 계산 후, 알리쿼트 6-비-parenchymal 세포각 제어 및 원심분리를 위한 96개의 웰 플레이트의 실험우물에 약 5회 반을 하고 PBS 플러스 FBS의 90마이크로리터에서 펠릿을 다시 중단한다.각 웰에 적절한 실험 및 제어 기본 항체 칵테일을 추가하고 적절한 생존 성 마커로 모든 우물을 얼룩지게합니다. 이 절차에서 가장 중요한 단계는 항체의 적절한 적정과 염색을 확인하기 위해 얼음 유형 제어 및 형광-1 컨트롤의 사용입니다. 섭씨 4도에서 30분 후, 원심분리기는 PBS+ FBS 100마이크로리터로 세포를 씻어내고 각 웰의 세포를 개별 5밀리리터 라운드-하부 유동 세포측정튜브로 전송하여 400마이크로리터의 PBS+ FBS의 최종 부피로 옮겨집니다.그런 다음 소량의 세포를 사용하여 유동 사이토미터의 레이저 및 보상 설정을 조정하고 각 튜브에 대한 모든 이벤트를 읽습니다. 모든 튜브를 읽은 경우 데이터를 적절한 흐름 세포 분석 프로그램으로 가져옵니다. 부정적인 발현이 살아있는 것으로 간주되는 생존 성 마커 염료를 기반으로 라이브 셀에 게이트.세포의 크기 및 세분성뿐만 아니라 생존성 마커 염료 발현에 기초하여 살아있는 세포에 게이트는 적절한 등류형 제어 및 형광-1 데이터를 사용하여 CD45 음성 CD31 양성 세포 집단에 게이팅하여 양성 및 음수 집단을 결정한다. 그런 다음 CD45 음의 CD31 양성 세포를 CD16/32 및 podoplanin 발현에 따라 게이트하여 CD45 음수 CD31 양성, CD16/32 음수 포도플라닌 양성 내피, CD45 음성 CD31 양성, CD16/32 양성 포도플라닌 네거티브 간 세포세포 세포의 식별을 가능하게 한다. 내피 세포는 림프용기와 내피 히알루로난을 표현하지만 CD146은 표현하지 않는다.간 분리 CD31 양성 CD16/32 양성 세포는 또한 CD146 양성 및 podoplanin 양성, CD31 양성 CD16/32 부정적인 세포는 주로 CD146 음성 및 podoplanin 양성 또는 음수. 양성은 형광-1 염색에 기초하여 결정되었다. 간 림프내막 세포는 CD146 음성 및 PDPN 양성이다.혈관 내피또는 뮤린 간 대식세포는 podoplanin을 표현하지 않습니다. 포도플라닌 염색은 담관의 뚜렷한 핵 구조뿐만 아니라 시토케라틴 7 염색에 의해 림프관과 담관의 분뇨를 구별하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다. 림프내막 세포만이 혈관 내피 성장 인자 수용체 3 및 프로스페로 홈로박스 단백질 1을 원간에서 공동 발현하기 때문에, 이들 마커는 선별된 간 림프내막 세포 집단의 순도를 확인하기 위해 더 사용될 수 있다.이 절차를 시도하는 동안, 신속하게 작동하고 얼음에 세포를 유지하는 것을 기억하는 것이 중요합니다. 이 절차에 따라 LEC 모집단의 흐름 정렬과 같은 다른 방법을 수행하여 LEC의 전사 프로파일링과 같은 추가 질문에 답할 수 있습니다. 그것의 발달 후에, 이 기술은 림프가 마우스와 인간에 있는 간 질병에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 탐구하기 위하여 간 특정 림프생물학의 필드에 있는 연구원을 위한 도로를 포장했습니다.일반적으로, 림프 내막 세포는 간에서 드문 점진적 인구이며 방법은 신속하게 수행 될 필요가 있기 때문에이 방법에 새로운 개인투쟁할 것이다.

digestion-murine-liver-for-flow-cytometric-analysis-lymphatic

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process of medium and large size vessels that is characterized by the formation of plaques consisting of foam cells, immune cells, vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, platelets, extracellular matrix, and a lipid-rich core with extensive necrosis and fibrosis of surrounding tissues.1 The innate and adaptive arms of the immune response are involved in the initiation, development and persistence of atherosclerosis.2, 3 There is a significant body of evidence that different subsets of the immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, are present within the aortas of healthy and atherosclerosis-prone mice4. Additionally, immune cells are found in the surrounding aortic adventitia which suggests an important role of this tissue in atherogenesis.2
For some time, the quantitative detection of different types of immune cells, their activation status, and the cellular composition within the aortic wall was limited by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods for the study of atherosclerosis. Few attempts were made to perform flow cytometry using human aortas, and a number of problems, such as a high autofluorescence, have been reported5,6. Human atherosclerotic plaques were digested with collagenase 1, and free cells were collected and stained for CD14+/CD11c+ to highlight macrophage-derived foam cells. In this study, a "mock" channel was used to avoid false-positive staining.6 Necrotic materials accumulating during the digestion process give rise in a large amount of debris that generates a high autofluorescence in aortic samples. To resolve this problem, a panel of negative and positive controls has been proposed, but only double staining could be applied in these samples. We have developed a new flow cytometry-based method7 to analyze the immune cell composition and characterize the activation, proliferation, differentiation of immune cells in healthy and atherosclerosis-prone aorta. This method allows the investigation of the immune cell composition of the aortic wall and opens possibilities to use a broad spectrum of immunological methods for investigations of immune aspects of this disease.

This paper presents a flow cytometry-based method to investigate the immune composition of aortas. The paper also illustrates an additional technique that allows examining surrounding adventitia and vessel wall separately. This method opens possibilities to perform phenotypical analyses of aortic leukocytes and apply several immunological assays for atherosclerosis studies.

Murine Aortas 이내에 면역 세포의 흐름 Cytometry 분석

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process of medium and large size vessels that is characterized by the formation of plaques consisting of foam ...

연구

면역학 및 감염병학

Flow Cytometric Isolation of Primary Murine Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells for Functional and Molecular Studies

Throughout the last years, the contribution of alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECII) to various aspects of immune regulation in the lung has been increasingly recognized. AECII have been shown to participate in cytokine production in inflamed airways and to even act as antigen-presenting cells in both infection and T-cell mediated autoimmunity 1-8. Therefore, they are especially interesting also in clinical contexts such as airway hyper-reactivity to foreign and self-antigens as well as infections that directly or indirectly target AECII. However, our understanding of the detailed immunologic functions served by alveolar type II epithelial cells in the healthy lung as well as in inflammation remains fragmentary. Many studies regarding AECII function are performed using mouse or human alveolar epithelial cell lines 9-12. Working with cell lines certainly offers a range of benefits, such as the availability of large numbers of cells for extensive analyses. However, we believe the use of primary murine AECII allows a better understanding of the role of this cell type in complex processes like infection or autoimmune inflammation. Primary murine AECII can be isolated directly from animals suffering from such respiratory conditions, meaning they have been subject to all additional extrinsic factors playing a role in the analyzed setting. As an example, viable AECII can be isolated from mice intranasally infected with influenza A virus, which primarily targets these cells for replication 13. Importantly, through ex vivo infection of AECII isolated from healthy mice, studies of the cellular responses mounted upon infection can be further extended.
Our protocol for the isolation of primary murine AECII is based on enzymatic digestion of the mouse lung followed by labeling of the resulting cell suspension with antibodies specific for CD11c, CD11b, F4/80, CD19, CD45 and CD16/CD32. Granular AECII are then identified as the unlabeled and sideward scatter high (SSChigh) cell population and are separated by fluorescence activated cell sorting 3.
In comparison to alternative methods of isolating primary epithelial cells from mouse lungs, our protocol for flow cytometric isolation of AECII by negative selection yields untouched, highly viable and pure AECII in relatively short time. Additionally, and in contrast to conventional methods of isolation by panning and depletion of lymphocytes via binding of antibody-coupled magnetic beads 14, 15, flow cytometric cell-sorting allows discrimination by means of cell size and granularity. Given that instrumentation for flow cytometric cell sorting is available, the described procedure can be applied at relatively low costs. Next to standard antibodies and enzymes for lung disintegration, no additional reagents such as magnetic beads are required. The isolated cells are suitable for a wide range of functional and molecular studies, which include in vitro culture and T-cell stimulation assays as well as transcriptome, proteome or secretome analyses 3, 4.

We describe the rapid isolation of primary murine type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) by flow cytometric negative selection. These AECII show high viability and purity and are suitable for a wide range of functional and molecular studies regarding their role in respiratory conditions such as autoimmune or infectious diseases.

기능 및 분자 연구 기본 손쥐 유형 II 폐포 상피 세포의 흐름 Cytometric 절연

Throughout  the last years, the contribution of alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECII)  to various aspects of immune regulation in the lung has been ...

Non-invasive Optical Imaging of the Lymphatic Vasculature of a Mouse

The lymphatic vascular system is an important component of the circulatory system that maintains fluid homeostasis, provides immune surveillance, and mediates fat absorption in the gut. Yet despite its critical function, there is comparatively little understanding of how the lymphatic system adapts to serve these functions in health and disease1. Recently, we have demonstrated the ability to dynamically image lymphatic architecture and lymph "pumping" action in normal human subjects as well as in persons suffering lymphatic dysfunction using trace administration of a near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dye and a custom, Gen III-intensified imaging system2-4. NIRF imaging showed dramatic changes in lymphatic architecture and function with human disease. It remains unclear how these changes occur and new animal models are being developed to elucidate their genetic and molecular basis. In this protocol, we present NIRF lymphatic, small animal imaging5,6 using indocyanine green (ICG), a dye that has been used for 50 years in humans7, and a NIRF dye-labeled cyclic albumin binding domain (cABD-IRDye800) peptide that preferentially binds mouse and human albumin8. Approximately 5.5 times brighter than ICG, cABD-IRDye800 has a similar lymphatic clearance profile and can be injected in smaller doses than ICG to achieve sufficient NIRF signals for imaging8. Because both cABD-IRDye800 and ICG bind to albumin in the interstitial space8, they both may depict active protein transport into and within the lymphatics. Intradermal (ID) injections (5-50 &mu;l) of ICG (645 &mu;M) or cABD-IRDye800 (200 &mu;M) in saline are administered to the dorsal aspect of each hind paw and/or the left and right side of the base of the tail of an isoflurane-anesthetized mouse. The resulting dye concentration in the animal is 83-1,250 &mu;g/kg for ICG or 113-1,700 &mu;g/kg for cABD-IRDye800. Immediately following injections, functional lymphatic imaging is conducted for up to 1 hr using a customized, small animal NIRF imaging system. Whole animal spatial resolution can depict fluorescent lymphatic vessels of 100 microns or less, and images of structures up to 3 cm in depth can be acquired9. Images are acquired using V++ software and analyzed using ImageJ or MATLAB software. During analysis, consecutive regions of interest (ROIs) encompassing the entire vessel diameter are drawn along a given lymph vessel. The dimensions for each ROI are kept constant for a given vessel and NIRF intensity is measured for each ROI to quantitatively assess "packets" of lymph moving through vessels.

Recently developed imaging techniques using near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) may help elucidate the role the lymphatic system plays in cancer metastasis, immune response, wound repair, and other lymphatic-associated diseases.

마우스의 림프 Vasculature의 비 침습적 광학 이미징

The lymphatic  vascular system is an important component of the circulatory system that  maintains fluid homeostasis, provides immune surveillance, and ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident cells. A key mechanism of this inflammatory response is the migration of circulating immune cells to the ischemic brain facilitated by chemokine release and increased endothelial adhesion molecule expression. Brain-invading leukocytes are well-known contributing to early-stage secondary ischemic injury, but their significance for the termination of inflammation and later brain repair has only recently been noticed.
Here, a simple protocol for the efficient isolation of immune cells from the ischemic mouse brain is provided. After transcardial perfusion, brain hemispheres are dissected and mechanically dissociated. Enzymatic digestion with Liberase&#160;is followed by density gradient (such as Percoll) centrifugation to remove myelin and cell debris. One major advantage of this protocol is the single-layer density gradient procedure which does not require time-consuming preparation of gradients and can be reliably performed. The approach yields highly reproducible cell counts per brain hemisphere and allows for measuring several flow cytometry panels in one biological replicate. Phenotypic characterization and quantification of brain-invading leukocytes after experimental stroke may contribute to a better understanding of their multifaceted roles in ischemic injury and repair.

Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that it acts as a double-edged sword which exacerbates early brain injury, but also contributes to later repair. This protocol describes the isolation of immune cells from the ischemic brain and their subsequent flow cytometric phenotyping.

허혈성 마우스 뇌에서 면역 세포의 분리 및 유세포 분석

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 malignant gliomas soon after intracranial engraftment if the cancer cells are rendered deficient in their expression of the &#946;-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-1 (gal-1). More recent work now shows that a population of Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells is critical to this effect. To better understand the mechanisms by which NK and myeloid cells cooperate to confer gal-1-deficient tumor rejection we have developed a comprehensive protocol for the isolation and analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The method is demonstrated here by comparing PBMC infiltration into the tumor microenvironment of gal-1-expressing GL26 gliomas with those rendered gal-1-deficient via shRNA knockdown. The protocol begins with a description of&#160;how to culture and prepare GL26 cells for inoculation into the syngeneic C57BL/6J mouse brain. It then explains the steps involved in the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs from the early brain tumor microenvironment. The method is adaptable to a number of in vivo experimental designs in which temporal data on immune infiltration into the brain is required. The method is sensitive and highly reproducible, as glioma-infiltrating PBMCs can be isolated from intracranial tumors as soon as 24 hr post-tumor engraftment with similar cell counts observed from time point matched tumors throughout independent experiments. A single experimentalist can perform the method from brain harvesting to flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs in roughly 4-6 hr depending on the number of samples to be analyzed. Alternative glioma models and/or cell-specific detection antibodies may also be used at the experimentalists&#8217; discretion to assess the infiltration of several other immune cell types of interest without the need for alterations to the overall procedure.

Presented here is a straightforward method for the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells that yields time-dependent quantitative data on the number and activation status of immune cells entering the early brain tumor microenvironment.

분리 및 신경 교종-침투 말초 혈액 단핵 세포의 유세포 분석

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes

The intestines &#8212; which contain the largest number of immune cells of any organ in the body &#8212; are constantly exposed to foreign antigens, both microbial and dietary. Given an increasing understanding that these luminal antigens help shape the immune response and that education of immune cells within the intestine is critical for a number of systemic diseases, there has been increased interest in characterizing the intestinal immune system. However, many published protocols are arduous and time-consuming. We present here a simplified protocol for the isolation of lymphocytes from the small-intestinal lamina propria, intraepithelial layer, and Peyer&#39;s patches that is rapid, reproducible, and does not require laborious Percoll gradients. Although the protocol focuses on the small intestine, it is also suitable for analysis of the colon. Moreover, we highlight some aspects that may need additional optimization depending on the specific scientific question. This approach results in the isolation of large numbers of viable lymphocytes that can subsequently be used for flow cytometric analysis or alternate means of characterization.

There is growing interest in the quantitative characterization of intestinal lymphocytes owing to increasing recognition that these cells play a critical role in a variety of intestinal and systemic diseases. In this protocol, we describe how to isolate single cell populations from different small-intestinal compartments for subsequent flow cytometric characterization.

쥐 소장 림프구의 분리 및 유세포 특성

The intestines &#8212; which contain the largest number of immune cells of any organ in the body &#8212; are constantly exposed to foreign antigens, both ...

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Natural Killer Cell Lytic Activity in Human Whole Blood

NK cell cytotoxicity is a widely used measure to determine the effect of outside intervention on NK cell function. However, the accuracy and reproducibility of this assay can be considered unstable, either because of user&#39;s errors or because of the sensitivity of NK cells to experimental manipulation. To eliminate these issues, a workflow that reduces them to a minimum was established and is presented here. To illustrate, we obtained blood samples, at various time points, from runners (n = 4) that were submitted to an intense bout of exercise. First, NK cells are simultaneously identified and isolated through CD56 tagging and magnetic-based sorting, directly from whole blood and from as little as one milliliter. The sorted NK cells are removed of any reagent or capping antibodies. They can be counted in order to establish an accurate NK cell count per milliliter of blood. Secondly, the sorted NK cells (effectors cells or E) can be mixed with 3,3&#39;-Diotadecyloxacarbocyanine Perchlorate (DiO) tagged K562 cells (target cells or T) at an assay-optimal 1:5 T:E ratio, and analyzed using an imaging flow-cytometer that allows for the visualization of each event and the elimination of any false positive or false negatives (such as doublets or effector cells). This workflow can be completed in about 4 h, and allows for very stable results even when working with human samples. When available, research teams can test several experimental interventions in human subjects, and compare measurements across several time points without compromising the data&#39;s integrity.

This work describes an advanced workflow for the accurate and fast determination of NK (Natural Killer) cell count and NK cell cytotoxicity in human blood samples.

인간의 전체 혈액 자연 살해 세포 용 균성 활동의 유세포 분석

NK cell cytotoxicity is a widely used measure to determine the effect of outside intervention on NK cell function. However, the accuracy and ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore essential for understanding pathogenicity of different pathogens including HIV. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are the prototype of &#39;unconventional&#39; T cells and represent a relatively small subset of T cells defined by their expression of heterodimeric T-cell receptors (TCRs) composed of gamma and delta chains. This sets them apart from the classical and much better known CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that are defined by alpha-beta TCRs. GD T cells often show tissue-specific localization and are enriched in epithelium. GD T cells orchestrate immune responses in inflammation, tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and autoimmunity.
Here, we present a method to reproducibly isolate and analyze human endocervical intraepithelial GD T lymphocytes. We have used endocervical cytobrush samples from women participating in the Women&#39;s Interagency HIV Infection Study (WIHS). Knowledge about GD T cells interactions during conditions in which there is an insult to the vaginal mucosal could be applied to any clinical study in which mucosal vulnerability is addressed, including the development of vaginal microbicides.In addition, knowledge about mucosal GD T cell responses has potential for application of GD T cell-based immune therapy in treating infectious diseases.

We describe here an isolation method to obtain human endocervical intraepithelial lymphocytes for the analysis of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. This protocol can be extended for the purification of endocervical gamma delta T cells by magnetic beads or by cell sorting.

인간의 자궁 경부 감마 델타 T 세포의 분리 및 유세포 분석

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore ...

Pneumococcus Infection of Primary Human Endothelial Cells in Constant Flow

Interaction of Streptococcus pneumoniae with the surface of endothelial cells is mediated in blood flow via mechanosensitive proteins such as the Von Willebrand Factor (VWF). This glycoprotein changes its molecular conformation in response to shear stress, thereby exposing binding sites for a broad spectrum of host-ligand interactions. In general, culturing of primary endothelial cells under a defined shear flow is known to promote the specific cellular differentiation and the formation of a stable and tightly linked endothelial layer resembling the physiology of the inner lining of a blood vessel. Thus, the functional analysis of interactions between bacterial pathogens and the host vasculature involving mechanosensitive proteins requires the establishment of pump systems that can simulate the physiological flow forces known to affect the surface of vascular cells.
The microfluidic device used in this study enables a continuous and pulseless recirculation of fluids with a defined flow rate. The computer-controlled air-pressure pump system applies a defined shear stress on endothelial cell surfaces by generating a continuous, unidirectional, and controlled medium flow. Morphological changes of the cells and bacterial attachment can be microscopically monitored and quantified in the flow by using special channel slides that are designed for microscopic visualization. In contrast to static cell culture infection, which in general requires a sample fixation prior to immune labeling and microscopic analyses, the microfluidic slides enable both the fluorescence-based detection of proteins, bacteria, and cellular components after sample fixation; serial immunofluorescence staining; and direct fluorescence-based detection in real time. In combination with fluorescent bacteria and specific fluorescence-labeled antibodies, this infection procedure provides an efficient multiple component visualization system for a huge spectrum of scientific applications related to vascular processes.

This study describes the microscopic monitoring of pneumococcus adherence to von Willebrand factor strings produced on the surface of differentiated human primary endothelial cells under shear stress in defined flow conditions. This protocol can be extended to detailed visualization of specific cell structures and quantification of bacteria by applying differential immunostaining procedures.

일정한 흐름에 있는 1 차적인 인간 내피 세포의 폐렴구균 감염

Interaction of Streptococcus pneumoniae with the surface of endothelial cells is mediated in blood flow via mechanosensitive proteins such as the Von ...

Blocking Lymph Flow by Suturing Afferent Lymphatic Vessels in Mice

Lymphatic vessels are critical in maintaining tissue fluid balance and optimizing immune protection by transporting antigens, cytokines, and cells to draining lymph nodes (LNs). Interruption of lymph flow is an important method when studying the function of lymphatic vessels. The afferent lymphatic vessels from the murine footpad to the popliteal lymph nodes (pLNs) are well-defined as the only routes for lymph drainage into the pLNs. Suturing these afferent lymphatic vessels can selectively prevent lymph flow to the pLNs. This method allows for interference in lymph flow with minimal damage to the lymphatic endothelial cells in the draining pLN, the afferent lymphatic vessels, as well as other lymphatic vessels around the area. This method has been used to study how lymph impacts high endothelial venules (HEV) and chemokine expression in the LN, and how lymph flows through the adipose tissue surrounding the LN in the absence of functional lymphatic vessels. With the growing recognition of the importance of lymphatic function, this method will have broader applications to further unravel the function of lymphatic vessels in regulating the LN microenvironment and immune responses.

A protocol to block lymph flow by surgical suturing of afferent lymphatic vessels is presented.

마우스에서 흡개 성 림프혈관을 봉합하여 림프 흐름 차단

Lymphatic vessels are critical in maintaining tissue fluid balance and optimizing immune protection by transporting antigens, cytokines, and cells to ...