Name: nerve stem cell differentiation by a one-step cold atmospheric plasma treatment in vitro
Uploaded: 2019-01-11T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Nerve Stem Cell Differentiation by a One-step Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment In Vitro at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Huazhong Scholar Program, the Independent Innovation Fund of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (No. 2018KFYYXJJ071), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31501099 and 51707012).

1. Cell Cultures and Predifferentiation
<ol>
	<li>Neural stem cell culture and predifferentiation
	<ol>
		<li>Prepare poly-D-lysine-coated coverslips. Put a sterile coverslip (20 mm in diameter) into a 12-well plate. Coat the cover glass with poly-D-lysine, 0.1% w/v, in water (Table of Materials) for better cell adhesion on the coverslips by following the next steps. 
		NOTE: Optimal conditions must be determined for each cell line and application.
		<ol>
			<li>Aseptically coat t...

<ol>
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B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+emerging+role+of+reactive+oxygen+and+nitrogen+species+in+redox+biology+and+some+implications+for+plasma+applications+to+medicine+and+biology.">The emerging role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in redox biology and some implications for plasma applications to medicine and biology.</a> Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 45 (26), 263001 (2012).</li><li>Weltmann, K. D., von Woedtke, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+medicine-current+state+of+research+and+medical+application.">Plasma medicine-current state of research and medical application.</a> Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. 59 (1), 014031 (2017).</li><li>Lloyd, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gas+Plasma:+Medical+Uses+and+Developments+in+Wound+Care.">Gas Plasma: Medical Uses and Developments in Wound Care.</a> Plasma Processes and Polymers. 7 (3-4), 194-211 (2010).</li><li>Yousfi, M., Merbahi, N., Pathak, A., Eichwald, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-temperature+plasmas+at+atmospheric+pressure:+toward+new+pharmaceutical+treatments+in+medicine.">Low-temperature plasmas at atmospheric pressure: toward new pharmaceutical treatments in medicine.</a> Fundamental &amp; Clinical Pharmacology. 28 (2), 123-135 (2014).</li><li>Xiong, Z., Roe, J., Grammer, T. 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[Med Sci]. 23 (2), 75-78 (2003).</li><li>Ryder, E. F., Snyder, E. Y., Cepko, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+and+characterization+of+multipotent+neural+cell+lines+using+retrovirus+vector-mediated+oncogene+transfer.">Establishment and characterization of multipotent neural cell lines using retrovirus vector-mediated oncogene transfer.</a> Journal of Neurobiology. 21 (2), 356-375 (1990).</li><li>Snyder, E. Y., Taylor, R. M., Wolfe, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+progenitor+cell+engraftment+corrects+lysosomal+storage+throughout+the+MRS+VII+mouse+brain.">Neural progenitor cell engraftment corrects lysosomal storage throughout the MRS VII mouse brain.</a> Nature. 374 (6520), 367-370 (1995).</li><li>Snyder, E. Y., Yoon, C., Flax, J. 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C17.2-NSCs is a kind of immortalized neural stem cell line from neonatal mouse cerebellar granular layer cells, developed by Snyder and others10,11. C17.2-NSCs can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes and are widely used in neuroscience12. In our previous study, CAPs could enhance the differentiation of C17.2-NSCs into neurons. A proof-of-principle study was also carried out using primary rat NSCs, and the effect of...

The directed differentiation of NSCs into a certain lineage for tissue transportation is considered one of the most promising therapies for neurodegenerative and neurotraumatic diseases1. For example, catecholaminergic dopaminergic neurons are especially desired in Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) treatment. However, traditional methods to prepare the desired cells for transportation have many drawbacks, such as chemical toxicity, scar formation, or others, which largely hampers the applications of NSCs in regenerative medicine2. Therefore, it is very necessary to find a novel and safe way for NSC differentiation.
Plasma is the fourth state of matters, following solid, liquid, and gas, and it constitutes more than 95% of matters in the whole universe. Plasma is electrically neutral with unbound positive/negative and neutral particles and is usually generated by a high-voltage discharge in the lab. In the last two decades, the application of plasma in biomedicine has attracted huge attention worldwide as the development of cold atmospheric pressure plasma technology. Thanks to this technic, stable low-temperature plasma can be generated in the surrounding air at atmosphere without arc formation and consists of various reactive species, such as reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultraviolet (UV) radiation, electrons, ions, and electrical field3. CAPs have unique advantages for micro-organism inactivation, cancer therapy, wound healing, treatment of skin diseases, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation4,5,6,7. In previous work, we demonstrated that cold atmospheric plasma jet can enhance the differentiation of NSCs in both murine neural stem cell C17.2 (C17.2-NSCs) and primary rat neural stem cells, exhibiting a great potential to become a powerful tool for the directed differentiation of NSCs8. Although the mechanism of CAP enhancement of NSC differentiation is not fully understood yet, NO generated by CAPs has been proved to be a key factor in the process. In this work, we aim to provide a detailed experimental protocol of using an atmospheric pressure helium/oxygen plasma jet for the treatment of NSCs in vitro, cell preparation and pretreatment, morphology observation by inverted microscope, and fluorescence microscopy observation of immunofluorescence staining.

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			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">Coverslip</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">NEST</td>
			<td style="width:344px;">801008</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
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			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Poly-D-lysine</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>P0128</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">DMEM medium</td>
			<td>HyClone</td>
			<td>SH30022.01B</td>
			<td>stored at 4 &#176;C</td>
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			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">DMEM/F12 medium</td>
			<td>HyClone</td>
			<td>SH30023.01B</td>
			<td>stored at 4 &#176;C</td>
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			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">N2 supplement</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17502048</td>
			<td>stored at -20 &#176;C and protect from light</td>
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			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">B27 supplement</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17504044</td>
			<td>stored at -20 &#176;C and protect from light</td>
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			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>HyClone</td>
			<td>SH30084.03</td>
			<td>stored at -20 &#176;C, avoid repeated freezing and thawing</td>
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			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Donor Horse serum</td>
			<td>HyClone</td>
			<td>SH30074.03</td>
			<td>tored at -20 &#176;C, avoid repeated freezing and thawing</td>
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		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>HyClone</td>
			<td>SV30010</td>
			<td>stored at 4 &#176;C</td>
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			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Trypsin</td>
			<td>HyClone</td>
			<td>25300054</td>
			<td>stored at 4 &#176;C</td>
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		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">PBS solution</td>
			<td>HyClone</td>
			<td>SH30256.01B</td>
			<td>stored at 4 &#176;C</td>
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		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">4% paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>P0098</td>
			<td>stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
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		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">TritonX-100</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T8787</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Normal Goat Serum Blocking Solution</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td>S-1000-20</td>
			<td>stored at 4 &#176;C</td>
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			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>AF2215</td>
			<td>stored at -20 &#176;C, avoid repeated freezing and thawing</td>
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		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">anti-&#946;-Tubulin III</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>T2200</td>
			<td>stored at -20 &#176;C, avoid repeated freezing and thawing</td>
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		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">anti-O4</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>MAB1326</td>
			<td>stored at -20 &#176;C, avoid repeated freezing and thawing</td>
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		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">anti-NF200</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:344px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">stored at -20 &#176;C, avoid repeated freezing and thawing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">anti-ChAT</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:344px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">stored at -20 &#176;C, avoid repeated freezing and thawing</td>
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		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">anti- LHX3</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:344px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">stored at -20 &#176;C, avoid repeated freezing and thawing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">anti-GABA</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:344px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">stored at -20 &#176;C, avoid repeated freezing and thawing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">anti-Serotonin</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Abcam, Cambridge, MA</td>
			<td style="width:344px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">stored at -20 &#176;C, avoid repeated freezing and thawing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">anti-TH</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Abcam, Cambridge, MA</td>
			<td style="width:344px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">stored at -20 &#176;C, avoid repeated freezing and thawing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Immunol Staining Primary Antibody Dilution Buffer</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>P0103</td>
			<td>stored at 4 &#176;C</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cy3 Labeled Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>A0516</td>
			<td>stored at -20 &#176;C and protect from light</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alexa Fluor 488- Labeled Goat</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>A0428</td>
			<td>stored at -20 &#176;C and protect from light</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Anti-Mouse IgG&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>corning</td>
			<td>3512</td>
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			<td>430639</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hoechst 33258</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>C1018</td>
			<td>stored at -20 &#176;C and protect from light</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mounting medium</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>P0128</td>
			<td>stored at -20 &#176;C and protect from light</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Light microscope</td>
			<td>Nanjing Jiangnan Novel Optics Company</td>
			<td>XD-202</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fluorescence microscopy</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>80i</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">High &#8211; voltage Power Amplifier</td>
			<td>Directed Energy</td>
			<td>PVX-4110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DC power supply</td>
			<td>Spellman</td>
			<td>SL1200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Function Generator</td>
			<td>Aligent&#160;</td>
			<td>33521A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Oscilloscope</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Tektronix</td>
			<td style="width:344px;">DPO3034</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">High voltage probe</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Tektronix</td>
			<td style="width:344px;">P6015A</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

nerve stem cell differentiation by a one-step cold atmospheric plasma treatment in vitro

As the development of physical plasma technology, cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) have been widely investigated in decontamination, cancer treatment, wound healing, root canal treatment, etc., forming a new research field named plasma medicine. Being a mixture of electrical, chemical, and biological reactive species, CAPs have shown their abilities to enhance nerve stem cells differentiation both in vitro and in vivo and are becoming a promising way for neurological disease treatment in the future. The much more exciting news is that using CAPs may realize one-step, and safely directed, differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) for tissue transportation. We demonstrate here the detailed experimental protocol of using a self-made CAP jet device to enhance NSC differentiation in C17.2-NSCs and primary rat neural stem cells, as well as observing the cell fate by inverted and fluorescence microscopy. With the help of immunofluorescence staining technology, we found both the NSCs showed an accelerated differential rate than the untreated group, and ~75% of the NSCs selectively differentiated into neurons, which are mainly mature, cholinergic, and motor neurons.

Cell morphology was observed under the inverted microscope every day after the CAP treatment. Figure 2 shows the ordinary inverted phase-contrast light microscope images of the cell differentiation in both cell lines. The plasma-treated group exhibits an accelerated differentiation rate and a high differentiation ratio compared to the control and gas flow group.
The immunofluorescen...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Nerve Stem Cell Differentiation by a One-step Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment In Vitro at JoVE.com

Nerve Stem Cell Differentiation by a One-step Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment In Vitro

This protocol aims to provide detailed experimental steps of a cold atmospheric plasma treatment on neural stem cells and immunofluorescence detection for differentiation enhancement.

Nerve Stem Cell Differentiation by a One-step Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment In Vitro

As the development of physical plasma technology, cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) have been widely investigated in decontamination, cancer treatment, ...

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