Name: isolation and culture of embryonic mouse neural stem cells
Uploaded: 2018-11-11T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Culture of Embryonic Mouse Neural Stem Cells at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了罗扬研究所的支持。

所有关于动物的手术和程序都得到了伊朗德黑兰罗扬研究所动物伦理委员会的批准。
1. 手术器械、洗涤缓冲器 (hpes-mem)、细胞培养培养基和细胞培养板的制备
<ol><li>根据常规灭菌指南, 通过高压灭菌, 对手术工具 (剪刀、手术刀刀片手柄和钳子) 进行消毒。</li>
	<li>准备足够数量的 hepes-mem 缓冲液 (约100毫升对于每个怀孕的小鼠来说就足够了)。在 hpees-mem 缓冲液中加入高浓度的?...

<ol>
	<li>Navarro Quiroz, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+Signaling+in+Neuronal+Stem+Cells.">Cell Signaling in Neuronal Stem Cells.</a> Cells. 7 (7), (2018).</li><li>Choi, C. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Thrombin+Receptor+Restricts+Subventricular+Zone+Neural+Stem+Cell+Expansion+and+Differentiation.">The Thrombin Receptor Restricts Subventricular Zone Neural Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation.</a> Scientific Reports. 8 (1), 9360 (2018).</li><li>Li, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+a+novel+rat+neural+progenitor+clone+that+expresses+Dlx+family+transcription+factors+and+gives+rise+to+functional+GABAergic+neurons+in+culture.">Isolation of a novel rat neural progenitor clone that expresses Dlx family transcription factors and gives rise to functional GABAergic neurons in culture.</a> Developmental Neurobiology. 72 (6), 805-820 (2012).</li><li>Liu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Derivation+of+phenotypically+diverse+neural+culture+from+hESC+by+combining+adherent+and+dissociation+methods.">Derivation of phenotypically diverse neural culture from hESC by combining adherent and dissociation methods.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Methods. , (2018).</li><li>Dhara, S. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+neural+progenitor+cells+derived+from+embryonic+stem+cells+in+feeder-free+cultures.">Human neural progenitor cells derived from embryonic stem cells in feeder-free cultures.</a> Differentiation. 76 (5), 454-464 (2008).</li><li>Aligholi, H., Hassanzadeh, G., Gorji, A., Azari, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Novel+Biopsy+Method+for+Isolating+Neural+Stem+Cells+from+the+Subventricular+Zone+of+the+Adult+Rat+Brain+for+Autologous+Transplantation+in+CNS+Injuries.">A Novel Biopsy Method for Isolating Neural Stem Cells from the Subventricular Zone of the Adult Rat Brain for Autologous Transplantation in CNS Injuries.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 1462, 711-731 (2016).</li><li>Azari, H., Sharififar, S., Rahman, M., Ansari, S., Reynolds, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishing+embryonic+mouse+neural+stem+cell+culture+using+the+neurosphere+assay.">Establishing embryonic mouse neural stem cell culture using the neurosphere assay.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (47), (2011).</li><li>Ferrari, D., Binda, E., De Filippis, L., Vescovi, A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+neural+stem+cells+from+neural+tissues+using+the+neurosphere+technique.">Isolation of neural stem cells from neural tissues using the neurosphere technique.</a> Current Protocols in Stem Cell Biology. , (2010).</li><li>Guo, W., Patzlaff, N. E., Jobe, E. M., Zhao, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+multipotent+neural+stem+or+progenitor+cells+from+both+the+dentate+gyrus+and+subventricular+zone+of+a+single+adult+mouse.">Isolation of multipotent neural stem or progenitor cells from both the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of a single adult mouse.</a> Nature Protocols. 7 (2012), (2005).</li><li>Liu, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Passage+Number+is+a+Major+Contributor+to+Genomic+Structural+Variations+in+Mouse+iPSCs.">Passage Number is a Major Contributor to Genomic Structural Variations in Mouse iPSCs.</a> Stem Cells and Development. 32 (10), 2657-2667 (2014).</li><li>Diaferia, G. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+Chromosomal+Analysis+of+Cultured+Mouse+Neural+Stem+Cell+Lines.">Systematic Chromosomal Analysis of Cultured Mouse Neural Stem Cell Lines.</a> Stem Cells and Development. 20 (8), 1411-1423 (2011).</li><li>Hemmer, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+Neural+Stem+Cells+Achieve+Long-Term+Survival+and+Functional+Integration+in+the+Adult+Mouse+Brain.">Induced Neural Stem Cells Achieve Long-Term Survival and Functional Integration in the Adult Mouse Brain.</a> Stem Cell Reports. 3 (3), 423-431 (2014).</li><li>Menon, V., Thomas, R., Ghale, A. R., Reinhard, C., Pruszak, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+Cytometry+Protocols+for+Surface+and+Intracellular+Antigen+Analyses+of+Neural+Cell+Types.">Flow Cytometry Protocols for Surface and Intracellular Antigen Analyses of Neural Cell Types.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (94), 52241 (2014).</li><li>Zhang, Z., Wang, Z., Rui, W., Wu, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnesium+lithospermate+B+promotes+proliferation+and+differentiation+of+neural+stem+cells+in+vitro+and+enhances+neurogenesis+in+vivo.">Magnesium lithospermate B promotes proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in vitro and enhances neurogenesis in vivo.</a> Tissue and Cell. 53, 8-14 (2018).</li><li>Zilkha-Falb, R., Gurevich, M., Hanael, E., Achiron, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prickle1+as+positive+regulator+of+oligodendrocyte+differentiation.">Prickle1 as positive regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation.</a> Neuroscience. 364, 107-121 (2017).</li><li>Wang, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oligodendrocyte+differentiation+from+human+neural+stem+cells:+A+novel+role+for+c-Src.">Oligodendrocyte differentiation from human neural stem cells: A novel role for c-Src.</a> Neurochemistry International. 120, 21-32 (2018).</li><li>Palanisamy, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxytocin+alters+cell+fate+selection+of+rat+neural+progenitor+cells+in+vitro.">Oxytocin alters cell fate selection of rat neural progenitor cells in vitro.</a> PLoS ONE. 13 (1), e0191160 (2018).</li><li>Llewellyn-Smith, I. J., Basbaum, A. I., Braz, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term,+dynamic+synaptic+reorganization+after+GABAergic+precursor+cell+transplantation+into+adult+mouse+spinal+cord.">Long-term, dynamic synaptic reorganization after GABAergic precursor cell transplantation into adult mouse spinal cord.</a> Journal of Comparative Neurology. 526 (3), 480-495 (2018).</li><li>Precious, S. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FoxP1+marks+medium+spiny+neurons+from+precursors+to+maturity+and+is+required+for+their+differentiation.">FoxP1 marks medium spiny neurons from precursors to maturity and is required for their differentiation.</a> Experimental Neurology. 282, 9-18 (2016).</li></ol>

使用合适的神经干细胞来源对神经科学家来说非常重要。神经干细胞可以从胚胎大脑的不同区域获得, 它们可以产生特定类型的神经元和胶质细胞。诱导神经干细胞分化的方法有多种, 以诱导它们产生成熟的神经元和胶质细胞。有大量报道表明, 在特定的培养条件和营养因子群中, 它们可以在体外产生神经元14、少突胶质细胞15、16...

神经干细胞 (nsc) 位于成人和胚胎大脑的不同区域, 它们有产生不同类型神经元和胶质细胞1的倾向。成年哺乳动物大脑2的下心室区和胚胎脑的神经节隆起是 nsc 丰富的区域3。在发育中的大脑中, 神经节隆起提供了大部分的皮质间质, 特别是 gabaep 的间质 3。还有一些从胚胎干细胞 (esc) 或诱导多能干细胞 (ipsc) 生成神经干细胞的侵入性较小的方法, 可以减少对动物使用的需求。尽管从 esc 或 ipsc 生成 nsc 是可能的4,5, 它有一些优点和缺点相比, 从成人或胚胎大脑 6,7的神经干细胞分离, 8。诱导 esc 和 ipsc 向神经元表型分化的方案总是耗时和成本消耗的, 成功率 (70-80% nestin 阳性细胞)5低于直接从动物大脑中分离出的 nsc (99% 以上的 nestin 阳性细胞)9。此外, 干细胞在几个通道10,11后失去其遗传稳定性和分化倾向。尽管还有其他关于将体细胞直接转化为 nsc 的新报告, 但这些细胞是基因工程的, 在每个实验室12中都不易获得。因此, 从动物大脑中分离神经干细胞的需求仍然很大;通过改进手术技术, 可以减少动物的使用量。通过缩短手术时间和改进技术, 可以使细胞远离损伤, 并从每只动物身上获得最高的 nsc 率。
在这里, 我们介绍了一种简化和可重复的技术, 从小鼠 e13胚胎大脑中分离神经干细胞。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:942px;" width="941">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">15 mL tubes</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Falcon</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">352097</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">50 mL tubes</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Falcon</td>
			<td dir="LTR">352235</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Adson Forceps, 12 cm, Straight</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR">14226</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">B27</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">17504-44</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">bFGF</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">F0291</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">bovine serum albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">A2153</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">dish 10cm&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Falcon</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">353003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Dressing Forceps, 12.5 cm, Straight</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR">15908</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Dumont Tweezers, 11 cm, Straight</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">500342</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">EGF</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">E9644</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Merck</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">100983&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Glutamate</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">G3291</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Glutamax</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">35050061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">goat anti rabbit FITC conjugated secondary antibody</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">AP307F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">goat serum</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">G9023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Heparin&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">h3149</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">HEPES</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">83264</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">HEPES</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR">90909C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">insulinsyringe with 25-27 gauge Needle&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">SUPA medical</td>
			<td dir="LTR">A1SNL127</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">laminin</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">sigma&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">L2020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td dir="LTR" height="26" style="height:26px;width:389px;">MEM</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">M2279</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td dir="LTR" height="26" style="height:26px;width:389px;">N2 supplement</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">17502048</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">NB medium</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">21103-31</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Non-essential amino acid (NEAA)</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">11140050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">PBS without Ca and Mg</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR">20012050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Penicilin/ Streptomycin</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">5140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Poly-L-ornithine</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">&#160;P4957</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">rabbit anti mouse beta tubulin-III antibody</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">T2200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">rabbit anti mouse GFAP antibody</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">G4546</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">rabbit anti mouse Nestin antibody</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">N5413</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Scalpel Handle #3</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR">500236</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Scissors curve</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">14396</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Scissors sharp straight</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR">14192</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Soybean trypsin inhibitor</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Roche</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">10109886001&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Tissue culture flasks, T25</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">BD</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">353014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Tissue culture flasks, T75</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">BD</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">353024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Tween 20</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">P1379</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Vannas Scissors,&#160; 8 cm, Straight&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td>14003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">&#946;-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR">M6250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and culture of embryonic mouse neural stem cells

神经干细胞是多能的, 可以产生中枢神经系统 (cns) 的三种主要细胞类型。nsc 的体外培养和扩开发为神经科学家研究神经元和胶质细胞的功能及其相互作用提供了合适的细胞来源。有几种技术被报道用于从成人或胚胎哺乳动物大脑中分离神经干细胞。在从胚胎中枢神经系统不同区域分离 nsc 的显微外科手术中, 减少对脑细胞的损害, 以获得最高比例的活干细胞和可膨胀干细胞是非常重要的。在从小鼠胚胎大脑中分离这些细胞时, 一种可能的减压技术是缩短手术时间。在这里, 我们展示了一种技术, 快速分离这些细胞从 e13小鼠胚胎神经节隆起。手术程序包括从子宫中取出 e13 小鼠胚胎, 用弯曲的针尖切割胚胎的额叶, 从头骨中取出大脑, 对分离的大脑进行显微解剖, 以获得神经节隆起,在 nsc 培养基中分离收获的组织以获得单个细胞悬浮液, 最后在悬浮培养中电镀细胞以产生神经球。

微解剖, 细胞分离和神经球培养.在这里, 我们提出了一种快速有效的方法, 为小鼠 e13脑显微手术和神经干细胞的分离。本文表明, 通过额部 fontanelle 的精细破裂, 可以将整个大脑从 e13 小鼠胚胎头骨中取出。有了这种方法, 大脑承受的伤害就会更小, 从大脑不同部位分离出细胞是可能的。在 bfgf 和 egf 存在的情况下, 收获的细胞可以在 nsc 培养基中?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Culture of Embryonic Mouse Neural Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation and Culture of Embryonic Mouse Neural Stem Cells

在这里, 我们介绍了一种新的显微外科技术, 从 e13小鼠胚胎神经节隆起分离神经干细胞。

胚胎小鼠神经干细胞的分离与培养

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent and can give rise to the three major cell types of the central nervous system (CNS). In vitro culture and ...

该视频协议的目的是建立胚胎小鼠神经干细胞分离与培养的来源和有效协议。你好，我是玛丽亚姆·萨德吉-扎德我是罗扬研究所细胞和分子生物学硕士生。今天，我和我的同事想告诉你如何从13个胚胎小鼠的腺体中收获神经干细胞。你好，我是巴哈雷·阿里扎德-肖尔杰斯坦。我是罗扬生物技术研究所干细胞系细胞和分子生物学硕士生。你好，我是雷扎·德加尼-瓦南哈斯蒂。我也在罗扬研究所学习细胞和分子生物学。外科手术包括从子宫中采集每13个小鼠胚胎。用弯曲的针尖从头骨中提取大脑，切切胚胎的字体的前部。微解分离的大脑收获的黑帮显赫。分离神经干细胞培养中收获的组织，获得单细胞悬浮。最后，在悬浮培养中电镀细胞以产生神经细胞。用70%乙醇喷洒，清洁和消毒腹部皮肤。控制皮肤向上腹部，然后用剪刀切割皮肤和下划线面部，以发现腹腔和子宫角。用剪刀取出含有胚胎的子宫角，并将其转移到含有25ml冷赫佩斯 MEM 缓冲液的 50 ml 锥形管中。将锥形管放在层流罩下。打开引擎盖下的帽子。将子宫角从管子中拿出，用足够体积的新鲜 HEPES MEM 缓冲液冲洗三次，以消除碎屑和血液。将子宫组织转移到含有 7 至 10 ml 冷 HEPES MEM 缓冲液的 10 厘米培养皿中。用细剪刀打开子宫角，将胚胎移植到含有7至10毫升冷赫佩斯 MEM 缓冲液的新盘中。现在把10厘米的胚胎放在解剖显微镜下进行微解剖手术。将注射器针的尖端推在钢刀刀片手柄上，使针尖弯曲。弯曲针尖，直到尖端以 70 到 90 度的角度弯曲。在解剖显微镜下检查针头的尖端，以查看针头尖端的弯曲。自然胚胎在这方面有横向位置。在不改变其位置的情况下，用细钳将胚胎的脖子和身体，然后将针头的弯曲部分深入胚胎头部的字体前部。那里会有小出血或血块。当弯曲的部分位于凸起朝前额，然后朝后头部时，表面移动针尖。确保切开皮肤和头骨，不要损伤大脑。横向用针尖推皮肤以发现大脑。将针头从皮肤的侧侧插入到框架下方，从皮肤的侧侧插入到大脑下方的区域。然后通过推它从解剖的头骨中取出大脑。在视频中，其中侧和横向部分清晰地显示了黑帮的名流。用护理钳保持大脑稳定，然后用微分体切割每个半球的皮层，以暴露黑帮的显赫。将大脑和解剖的结素在含有神经干细胞培养基的15ml离心管中放置。重复此过程，直到所有大脑都被微解剖。通过将移液器尖端放在管子底部，将悬浮液上下移液器上下 2 5 次，将组织分解以获得单个细胞悬浮液，切开解剖的结杆边缘。将悬架在 110 g 下离心 5 分钟。取出上一除以，并在EDTA中1ml0.05%管中重新暂停细胞。在37摄氏度下孵育细胞悬浮液10分钟。然后加入等量的大豆蛋白酶抑制剂，以停止三辛活性。上下移液细胞悬浮液，确保尝试素已完全灭活。将110 g的悬浮液离心5分钟。取出上清液，在1ml完整的神经干细胞培养中重新增加细胞，并计算细胞数量。将神经干细胞培养的细胞板入合适的大小组织培养瓶中。将 5 ml 2T25、20 ml 转移到 T75，将 40 ml 转移到 T175 烧瓶。神经球将在3天后在37摄氏度的高温下出现在一个加湿的培养箱中，其二氧化碳为5%。要吸培养神经球，将带悬浮神经球的介质转移到离心机，以110克的离心机进行5分钟，然后丢弃上一代。在1毫升0.05%的三辛EDTA和孵育在37摄氏度10分钟。然后使用大豆本酪蛋白抑制剂灭活三辛，并轻柔地上下移液神经球，使其成为单细胞。将110 g的悬浮液离心5分钟。丢弃上一液，在1ml神经干细胞介质中重新暂停细胞。这些细胞为下一步在层压层和全涂层表面进行高级实验的培养或培养做好准备。通过培养一百万个原发性神经干细胞在七天后，细胞的数量将增加到三到四百万。六至七天后，球体的直径应介于 150 至 200 微米之间，在没有 bFGF 和 EGF 的情况下，可对层压多葡萄氨酸涂层盘进行亚培养，以进行神经元分化。流细胞学测定结果表明，构成神经球的细胞中，近95%为内辛阳性，这是神经干细胞的已知标记。使用β图布林III和刚体纤维蛋白抗体的测定表明，通过培养神经干细胞在涂层表面约94%显示神经元表型和约5%显示胶质表型。在这段简短的视频中，一种实验室技术，用于从13只小鼠胚胎中快速分离神经干细胞。我希望你在神经干细胞培养中取得成功。

isolation-and-culture-of-embryonic-mouse-neural-stem-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Dissection and Culture of Commissural Neurons from Embryonic Spinal Cord

Commissural neurons have been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying axon guidance during embryonic spinal cord development. The cell bodies of these neurons are located in the dorsal spinal cord and their axons follow stereotyped trajectories during embryonic development. Commissural axons initially project ventrally towards the floorplate. After crossing the midline, these axons turn anteriorly and project towards the brain. Each of these steps is regulated by the action of several guidance cues. Cultures highly enriched in commissural neurons are ideally suited for many experiments addressing the mechanisms of axon pathfinding, including turning assays, immunochemistry and biochemistry. Here, we describe a method to dissect and culture commissural neurons from E13 rat dorsal spinal cord. First, the spinal cord is isolated and dorsal strips are dissected out. The dorsal tissue is then dissociated into a cell suspension by trypsinization and mechanical disruption. Neurons are plated onto poly-L-lysine-coated glass coverslips or tissue-culture dishes. After 30 hours in vitro, most neurons have extended an axon. The purity of the culture (Yam et al. 2009), typically over 90%, can be assessed by immunolabeling with the commissural neuron markers DCC, LH2 and TAG1 (Helms and Johnson, 1998). This neuronal preparation is a useful tool for in vitro studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of commissural axon growth and guidance during spinal cord development.

This video demonstrates a method to dissect and culture commissural neurons from E13 rat dorsal spinal cord. Dissociated commissural neurons are useful to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of axon growth and guidance.

从胚胎脊髓​​连合神经的解剖和文化

Commissural neurons have been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying axon guidance during embryonic spinal cord development. The cell bodies ...

科研

神经科学

Isolation and Expansion of the Adult Mouse Neural Stem Cells Using the Neurosphere Assay

Isolation and expansion of the putative neural stem cells (NSCs) from the adult murine brain was first described by Reynolds and Weiss in 1992 employing a chemically defined serum-free culture system known as the neurosphere assay (NSA). In this assay, the majority of differentiated cell types die within a few days of culture but a small population of growth factor responsive precursor cells undergo active proliferation in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and/ basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF). These cells form colonies of undifferentiated cells called neurospheres, which in turn can be subcultured to expand the pool of neural stem cells. Moreover, the cells can be induced to differentiate, generating the three major cell types of the CNS i.e. neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. This assay provides an invaluable tool to supply a consistent, renewable source of undifferentiated CNS precursors, which could be used for in vitro studies and also for therapeutic purposes.
This video demonstrates the NSA method to generate and expand NSCs from the adult mouse periventricular region, and provides technical insights to ensure one can achieve reproducible neurosphere cultures. The procedure includes harvesting the brain from the adult mouse, micro-dissection of the periventricular region, tissue preparation and culture in the NSA. The harvested tissue is first chemically digested using trypsin-EDTA and then mechanically dissociated in NSC medium to achieve a single cell suspension and finally plated in the NSA. After 7-10 days in culture, the resulting primary neurospheres are ready for subculture to reach the amount of cells required for future experiments.

This video protocol demonstrates the neurosphere assay method to generate and expand neural stem cells from the adult mouse periventricular region, and provides technical insights to ensure one can achieve reproducible neurosphere cultures.

成年鼠神经干细胞的分离和扩大使用神经干含量

Isolation and expansion of the putative neural stem cells (NSCs) from the adult murine brain was first described by Reynolds and Weiss in 1992 employing a ...

Establishing Embryonic Mouse Neural Stem Cell Culture Using the Neurosphere Assay

In mammalians, stem cells acts as a source of undifferentiated cells to maintain cell genesis and renewal in different tissues and organs during the life span of the animal. They can potentially replace cells that are lost in the aging process or in the process of injury and disease. The existence of neural stem cells (NSCs) was first described by Reynolds and Weiss (1992) in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) using a novel serum&#8208;free culture system, the neurosphere assay (NSA). Using this assay, it is also feasible to isolate and expand NSCs from different regions of the embryonic CNS. These in vitro expanded NSCs are multipotent and can give rise to the three major cell types of the CNS. While the NSA seems relatively simple to perform, attention to the procedures demonstrated here is required in order to achieve reliable and consistent results. This video practically demonstrates NSA to generate and expand NSCs from embryonic day 14-mouse brain tissue and provides technical details so one can achieve reproducible neurosphere cultures. The procedure includes harvesting E14 mouse embryos, brain microdissection to harvest the ganglionic eminences, dissociation of the harvested tissue in NSC medium to gain a single cell suspension, and finally plating cells in NSA culture. After 5-7 days in culture, the resulting primary neurospheres are passaged to further expand the number of the NSCs for future experiments.

This video protocol demonstrates the application of the neurosphere assay for the isolation and expansion of neural stem cells from the ganglionic eminences of embryonic day 14-mouse brain.

建立小鼠胚胎神经干细胞培养神经球含量

In mammalians, stem cells acts as a source of undifferentiated cells to maintain cell genesis and renewal in different tissues and organs during the life ...

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Stem Cells from Human Hair Follicles

Hair follicles undergo lifelong growth and hair cycle is a well-controlled process involving stem cell proliferation and quiescence. Hair bulge is a well-characterized niche for adult stem cells1. This segment of the outer root sheath contains a number of different types of stem cells, including epithelial stem cells2, melanocyte stem cells3 and neural crest like stem cells4-7. Hair follicles represent an accessible and rich source for different types of human stem cells. We and others have isolated neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) from human fetal and adult hair follicles4,5. These human stem cells are label-retaining cells and are capable of self-renewal through asymmetric cell division in vitro. They express immature neural crest cell markers but not differentiation markers. Our expression profiling study showed that they share a similar gene expression pattern with murine skin immature neural crest cells. They exhibit clonal multipotency that can give rise to myogenic, melanocytic, and neuronal cell lineages after in vitro clonal single cell culture. Differentiated cells not only acquire lineage-specific markers but also demonstrate appropriate functions in ex vivo conditions. In addition, these NCSCs show differentiation potential toward mesenchymal lineages. Differentiated neuronal cells can persist in mouse brain and retain neuronal differentiation markers. It has been shown that hair follicle derived NCSCs can help nerve regrowth, and they improve motor function in mice transplanted with these stem cells following transecting spinal cord injury8. Furthermore, peripheral nerves have been repaired with stem cell grafts9, and implantation of skin-derived precursor cells adjacent to crushed sciatic nerves has resulted in remyelination10. Therefore, the hair follicle/skin derived NCSCs have already shown promising results for regenerative therapy in preclinical models.
Somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has shown enormous potential for regenerative medicine. However, there are still many issues with iPS cells, particularly the long term effect of oncogene/virus integration and potential tumorigenicity of pluripotent stem cells have not been adequately addressed. There are still many hurdles to be overcome before iPS cells can be used for regenerative medicine. Whereas the adult stem cells are known to be safe and they have been used clinically for many years, such as bone marrow transplant. Many patients have already benefited from the treatment. Autologous adult stem cells are still preferred cells for transplantation. Therefore, the readily accessible and expandable adult stem cells in human skin/hair follicles are a valuable source for regenerative medicine.

This article presents a robust protocol for isolation and culture of neural crest stem cells from human hair follicles.

从人类毛囊神经嵴干细胞的分离和培养的

Hair follicles undergo lifelong growth and hair cycle is a well-controlled process involving stem cell proliferation and quiescence. Hair bulge is a ...

Lectin-based Isolation and Culture of Mouse Embryonic Motoneurons

Spinal motoneurons develop towards postmitotic stages through early embryonic nervous system development and subsequently grow out dendrites and axons. Neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube that express Nkx6.1 are the unique precursor cells for spinal motoneurons1. Though postmitotic motoneurons move towards their final position and organize themselves into columns along the spinal tract2,3. More than 90% of all these differentiated and positioned motoneurons express the transcription factors Islet 1/2. They innervate the muscles of the limbs as well as those of the body and the inner organs. Among others, motoneurons typically express the high affinity receptors for brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), the tropomyosin-related kinase B and C (TrkB, TrkC). They do not express the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA)4. Beside the two high affinity receptors, motoneurons do express the low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75NTR. The p75NTR can bind all neurotrophins with similar but lower affinity to all neurotrophins than the high affinity receptors would bind the mature neurotrophins. Within the embryonic spinal cord, the p75NTR is exclusively expressed by the spinal motoneurons5. This has been used to develop motoneuron isolation techniques to purify the cells from the vast majority of surrounding cells6. Isolating motoneurons with the help of specific antibodies (panning) against the extracellular domains of p75NTR has turned out to be an expensive method as the amount of antibody used for a single experiment is high due to the size of the plate used for panning. A much more economical alternative is the use of lectin. Lectin has been shown to specifically bind to p75NTR as well7. The following method describes an alternative technique using wheat germ agglutinin for a preplating procedure instead of the p75NTR antibody. The lectin is an extremely inexpensive alternative to the p75NTR antibody and the purification grades using lectin are comparable to that of the p75NTR antibody. Motoneurons from the embryonic spinal cord can be isolated by this method, survive and grow out neurites.

An alternative way of isolating mouse embryonic motoneurons from the spinal cord is described. The method takes into account the fact that lectin can bind to the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75NTR. This lectin-based preplating allows a purification similar to that with a specific antibody against the p75NTR.

基于凝集素的分离和培养的小鼠胚胎运动神经元

Spinal motoneurons develop towards postmitotic stages through early embryonic nervous system development and subsequently grow out dendrites and axons. ...

Isolation and Culture of Rat Embryonic Neural Cells: A Quick Protocol

We are describing a quick method to dissociate and culture hippocampal or cortical neurons from E15-17 rat embryos. The procedure can be applied successfully to the isolation of mouse and human primary neurons and neural progenitors. Dissociated neurons are maintained in serum-free medium up to several weeks. These cultures can be used for nucleofection, immunocytochemistry, nucleic acids preparation, as well as electrophysiology. Older neuronal cultures can also be transfected with a good efficiency rate by lentiviral transduction and, less efficiently, with calcium phosphate or lipid-based methods such as lipofectamine.

We describe a rapid methodology to isolate and culture hippocampal and cortical neurons from rodent embryos. This protocol allows us to perform experiments in which nearly pure neuronal cultures are required.

大鼠胚胎神经细胞的分离和培养：一个快速议定书“

We are describing a quick method to dissociate and culture hippocampal or cortical neurons from E15-17 rat embryos. The procedure can be applied ...

Expansion of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells by In Utero Electroporation or Viral Stereotaxic Injection

Somatic stem cells can divide to generate additional stem cells (expansion) or more differentiated cell types (differentiation), which is fundamental for tissue formation during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis during adulthood 1. Currently, great efforts are invested towards controlling the switch of somatic stem cells from expansion to differentiation because this is thought to be fundamental for developing novel strategies for regenerative medicine 1,2. However, a major challenge in the study and use of somatic stem cell is that their expansion has been proven very difficult to control.
Here we describe a system that allows the control of neural stem/progenitor cell (altogether referred to as NSC) expansion in the mouse embryonic cortex or the adult hippocampus by manipulating the expression of the cdk4/cyclinD1 complex, a major regulator of the G1 phase of the cell cycle and somatic stem cell differentiation 3,4. Specifically, two different approaches are described by which the cdk4/cyclinD1 complex is overexpressed in NSC in vivo. By the first approach, overexpression of the cell cycle regulators is obtained by injecting plasmids encoding for cdk4/cyclinD1 in the lumen of the mouse telencephalon followed by in utero electroporation to deliver them to NSC of the lateral cortex, thus, triggering episomal expression of the transgenes 5-8. By the second approach, highly concentrated HIV-derived viruses are stereotaxically injected in the dentate gyrus of the adult mouse hippocampus, thus, triggering constitutive expression of the cell cycle regulators after integration of the viral construct in the genome of infected cells 9. Both approaches, whose basic principles were already described by other video protocols 10-14, were here optimized to i) reduce tissue damage, ii) target wide portions of very specific brain regions, iii) obtain high numbers of manipulated cells within each region, and iv) trigger high expression levels of the transgenes within each cell. Transient overexpression of the transgenes using the two approaches is obtained by different means i.e. by natural dilution of the electroporated plasmids due to cell division or tamoxifen administration in Cre-expressing NSC infected with viruses carrying cdk4/cyclinD1 flanked by loxP sites, respectively 9,15.
These methods provide a very powerful platform to acutely and tissue-specifically manipulate the expression of any gene in the mouse brain. In particular, by manipulating the expression of the cdk4/cyclinD1 complex, our system allows the temporal control of NSC expansion and their switch to differentiation, thus, ultimately increasing the number of neurons generated in the mammalian brain. Our approach may be critically important for basic research and using somatic stem cells for therapy of the mammalian central nervous system while providing a better understanding of i) stem cell contribution to tissue formation during development, ii) tissue homeostasis during adulthood, iii) the role of adult neurogenesis in cognitive functions, and perhaps, iv) better using somatic stem cells in models of neurodegenerative diseases.

Expansion of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells by In Utero Electroporation or Viral Stereotaxic Injection

Controlling the expansion of somatic stem cells is a major factor hampering their study and use in therapy. Here we describe a system to temporally control neural stem cells expansion during development and adulthood, which can be used to increase the number of neurons generated in the mouse brain.

扩展胚胎及成体神经干细胞<em&gt;在子宫内</em电穿孔或病毒立体定向注射

Somatic stem cells can divide to generate additional stem cells (expansion) or more differentiated cell types (differentiation), which is fundamental for ...

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

The embryonic neural crest (NC) is a multipotent progenitor population that originates at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, undergoes an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migrates throughout the embryo, giving rise to diverse cell types 1-3. NC also has the unique ability to influence the differentiation and maturation of target organs4-6. When explanted in vitro, NC progenitors undergo self-renewal, migrate and differentiate into a variety of tissue types including neurons, glia, smooth muscle cells, cartilage and bone. 
NC multipotency was first described from explants of the avian neural tube7-9. In vitro isolation of NC cells facilitates the study of NC dynamics including proliferation, migration, and multipotency. Further work in the avian and rat systems demonstrated that explanted NC cells retain their NC potential when transplanted back into the embryo10-13. Because these inherent cellular properties are preserved in explanted NC progenitors, the neural tube explant assay provides an attractive option for studying the NC in vitro. 
To attain a better understanding of the mammalian NC, many methods have been employed to isolate NC populations. NC-derived progenitors can be cultured from post-migratory locations in both the embryo and adult to study the dynamics of post-migratory NC progenitors11,14-20, however isolation of NC progenitors as they emigrate from the neural tube provides optimal preservation of NC cell potential and migratory properties13,21,22. Some protocols employ fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate a NC population enriched for particular progenitors11,13,14,17. However, when starting with early stage embryos, cell numbers adequate for analyses are difficult to obtain with FACS, complicating the isolation of early NC populations from individual embryos. Here, we describe an approach that does not rely on FACS and results in an approximately 96% pure NC population based on a Wnt1-Cre activated lineage reporter23. 
The method presented here is adapted from protocols optimized for the culture of rat NC11,13. The advantages of this protocol compared to previous methods are that 1) the cells are not grown on a feeder layer, 2) FACS is not required to obtain a relatively pure NC population, 3) premigratory NC cells are isolated and 4) results are easily quantified. Furthermore, this protocol can be used for isolation of NC from any mutant mouse model, facilitating the study of NC characteristics with different genetic manipulations. The limitation of this approach is that the NC is removed from the context of the embryo, which is known to influence the survival, migration and differentiation of the NC2,24-28.

Isolation of embryonic neural crest from the neural tube facilitates the use of in vitro methods for studying migration, self-renewal, and multipotency of neural crest.

从小鼠胚胎神经管的神经嵴细胞的分离和培养

The embryonic neural crest (NC) is a multipotent progenitor population that originates at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, undergoes an epithelial to ...

Isolation and Culture of Endothelial Cells from the Embryonic Forebrain

Embryonic brain endothelial cells can serve as an important tool in the study of angiogenesis and neurovascular development and interactions. The two vascular networks of the embryonic forebrain, pial and periventricular, are spatially distinctive and have different origins and growth patterns. Endothelial cells from the pial and periventricular vascular networks have unique gene expression profiles and functions. Here we present a step-by-step protocol for isolation, culture, and verification of pure populations of endothelial cells from the periventricular vascular network (PVECs) of the embryonic forebrain (telencephalon). In this approach, telencephalon devoid of pial membrane obtained from embryonic day 15 mice is minced, digested with collagenase/dispase, and dispersed mechanically into a single cell suspension. PVECs are purified from cell suspension using positive selection with anti-CD-31/PECAM-1 antibody conjugated to MicroBeads using a strong magnetic separation method. Purified cells are cultured on collagen 1&#160;coated culture dishes in endothelial cell culture medium until they become confluent and further subcultured. PVECs obtained with this protocol exhibit cobblestone and spindle shaped phenotypes, as visualized by phase-contrast light microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Purity of PVEC cultures was established with endothelial cell markers. In our hands, this method reliably and consistently yields pure populations of PVECs. This protocol will benefit studies aimed at gaining mechanistic insights into forebrain angiogenesis, understanding PVEC interactions, and cross-talks with neuronal cell types and holds tremendous potential for therapeutic angiogenesis.

This video demonstrates an easy and reliable strategy for preparation of pure cultures of endothelial cells from the embryonic forebrain within 10-12 days and will be useful for research focused on many aspects of cerebral angiogenesis.

从胚胎前脑内皮细胞的分离和培养

Embryonic brain endothelial cells can serve as an important tool in the study of angiogenesis and neurovascular development and interactions. The two ...

One Mouse, Two Cultures: Isolation and Culture of Adult Neural Stem Cells from the Two Neurogenic Zones of Individual Mice

The neurosphere assay and the adherent monolayer culture system are valuable tools to determine the potential (proliferation or differentiation) of adult neural stem cells in vitro. These assays can be used to compare the precursor potential of cells isolated from genetically different or differentially treated animals&#160;to determine the effects of exogenous factors on neural precursor cell proliferation and differentiation and to generate neural precursor cell lines that can be assayed over continuous passages. The neurosphere assay is traditionally used for the post-hoc identification of stem cells, primarily due to the lack of definitive markers with which they can be isolated from primary tissue&#160;and has the major advantage of giving a quick estimate of precursor cell numbers in brain tissue derived from individual animals. Adherent monolayer cultures, in contrast, are not traditionally used to compare proliferation between individual animals, as each culture is generally initiated from the combined tissue of between 5-8 animals. However, they have the major advantage that, unlike neurospheres, they consist of a mostly homogeneous population of precursor cells and are useful for following the differentiation process in single cells. Here, we describe, in detail, the generation of neurosphere cultures and, for the first time, adherent cultures from individual animals. This has many important implications including paired analysis of proliferation and/or differentiation potential in both the subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus (DG) of treated or genetically different mouse lines, as well as a significant reduction in animal usage.

Here we describe a detailed protocol for the simultaneous generation of neural precursor cell cultures, as either adherent monolayers or neurospheres, from the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus of individual adult mice.

一个鼠标，两种文化：隔离和成人神经的培养干细胞从单个小鼠的两个神经源性区

The neurosphere assay and the adherent monolayer culture system are valuable tools to determine the potential (proliferation or differentiation) of adult ...