Name: isolation and culture of embryonic mouse neural stem cells
Uploaded: 2018-11-11T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Culture of Embryonic Mouse Neural Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Dit werk werd ondersteund door het Instituut van Royan.

Alle chirurgische ingrepen en procedures op dier goedgekeurd door het dierenethiek Comité van het Instituut van Royan, Teheran, Iran.
1. bereiding van chirurgische instrumenten, wassen Buffer (HEPES-MEM), cel cultuurmedia en cel cultuur platen
<ol><li>Steriliseren de chirurgische instrumenten (schaar, scalpel blad handvat en forceps) in autoclaaf die hen gebaseerd op de richtsnoeren van de routine sterilisatie.</li>
	<li>Bereiden van een voldoende hoeveelheid HEPES-MEM buffer (ongeveer 100 ...

<ol>
	<li>Navarro Quiroz, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+Signaling+in+Neuronal+Stem+Cells.">Cell Signaling in Neuronal Stem Cells.</a> Cells. 7 (7), (2018).</li><li>Choi, C. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Thrombin+Receptor+Restricts+Subventricular+Zone+Neural+Stem+Cell+Expansion+and+Differentiation.">The Thrombin Receptor Restricts Subventricular Zone Neural Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation.</a> Scientific Reports. 8 (1), 9360 (2018).</li><li>Li, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+a+novel+rat+neural+progenitor+clone+that+expresses+Dlx+family+transcription+factors+and+gives+rise+to+functional+GABAergic+neurons+in+culture.">Isolation of a novel rat neural progenitor clone that expresses Dlx family transcription factors and gives rise to functional GABAergic neurons in culture.</a> Developmental Neurobiology. 72 (6), 805-820 (2012).</li><li>Liu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Derivation+of+phenotypically+diverse+neural+culture+from+hESC+by+combining+adherent+and+dissociation+methods.">Derivation of phenotypically diverse neural culture from hESC by combining adherent and dissociation methods.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Methods. , (2018).</li><li>Dhara, S. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+neural+progenitor+cells+derived+from+embryonic+stem+cells+in+feeder-free+cultures.">Human neural progenitor cells derived from embryonic stem cells in feeder-free cultures.</a> Differentiation. 76 (5), 454-464 (2008).</li><li>Aligholi, H., Hassanzadeh, G., Gorji, A., Azari, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Novel+Biopsy+Method+for+Isolating+Neural+Stem+Cells+from+the+Subventricular+Zone+of+the+Adult+Rat+Brain+for+Autologous+Transplantation+in+CNS+Injuries.">A Novel Biopsy Method for Isolating Neural Stem Cells from the Subventricular Zone of the Adult Rat Brain for Autologous Transplantation in CNS Injuries.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 1462, 711-731 (2016).</li><li>Azari, H., Sharififar, S., Rahman, M., Ansari, S., Reynolds, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishing+embryonic+mouse+neural+stem+cell+culture+using+the+neurosphere+assay.">Establishing embryonic mouse neural stem cell culture using the neurosphere assay.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (47), (2011).</li><li>Ferrari, D., Binda, E., De Filippis, L., Vescovi, A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+neural+stem+cells+from+neural+tissues+using+the+neurosphere+technique.">Isolation of neural stem cells from neural tissues using the neurosphere technique.</a> Current Protocols in Stem Cell Biology. , (2010).</li><li>Guo, W., Patzlaff, N. E., Jobe, E. M., Zhao, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+multipotent+neural+stem+or+progenitor+cells+from+both+the+dentate+gyrus+and+subventricular+zone+of+a+single+adult+mouse.">Isolation of multipotent neural stem or progenitor cells from both the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of a single adult mouse.</a> Nature Protocols. 7 (2012), (2005).</li><li>Liu, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Passage+Number+is+a+Major+Contributor+to+Genomic+Structural+Variations+in+Mouse+iPSCs.">Passage Number is a Major Contributor to Genomic Structural Variations in Mouse iPSCs.</a> Stem Cells and Development. 32 (10), 2657-2667 (2014).</li><li>Diaferia, G. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+Chromosomal+Analysis+of+Cultured+Mouse+Neural+Stem+Cell+Lines.">Systematic Chromosomal Analysis of Cultured Mouse Neural Stem Cell Lines.</a> Stem Cells and Development. 20 (8), 1411-1423 (2011).</li><li>Hemmer, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+Neural+Stem+Cells+Achieve+Long-Term+Survival+and+Functional+Integration+in+the+Adult+Mouse+Brain.">Induced Neural Stem Cells Achieve Long-Term Survival and Functional Integration in the Adult Mouse Brain.</a> Stem Cell Reports. 3 (3), 423-431 (2014).</li><li>Menon, V., Thomas, R., Ghale, A. R., Reinhard, C., Pruszak, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+Cytometry+Protocols+for+Surface+and+Intracellular+Antigen+Analyses+of+Neural+Cell+Types.">Flow Cytometry Protocols for Surface and Intracellular Antigen Analyses of Neural Cell Types.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (94), 52241 (2014).</li><li>Zhang, Z., Wang, Z., Rui, W., Wu, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnesium+lithospermate+B+promotes+proliferation+and+differentiation+of+neural+stem+cells+in+vitro+and+enhances+neurogenesis+in+vivo.">Magnesium lithospermate B promotes proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in vitro and enhances neurogenesis in vivo.</a> Tissue and Cell. 53, 8-14 (2018).</li><li>Zilkha-Falb, R., Gurevich, M., Hanael, E., Achiron, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prickle1+as+positive+regulator+of+oligodendrocyte+differentiation.">Prickle1 as positive regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation.</a> Neuroscience. 364, 107-121 (2017).</li><li>Wang, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oligodendrocyte+differentiation+from+human+neural+stem+cells:+A+novel+role+for+c-Src.">Oligodendrocyte differentiation from human neural stem cells: A novel role for c-Src.</a> Neurochemistry International. 120, 21-32 (2018).</li><li>Palanisamy, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxytocin+alters+cell+fate+selection+of+rat+neural+progenitor+cells+in+vitro.">Oxytocin alters cell fate selection of rat neural progenitor cells in vitro.</a> PLoS ONE. 13 (1), e0191160 (2018).</li><li>Llewellyn-Smith, I. J., Basbaum, A. I., Braz, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term,+dynamic+synaptic+reorganization+after+GABAergic+precursor+cell+transplantation+into+adult+mouse+spinal+cord.">Long-term, dynamic synaptic reorganization after GABAergic precursor cell transplantation into adult mouse spinal cord.</a> Journal of Comparative Neurology. 526 (3), 480-495 (2018).</li><li>Precious, S. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FoxP1+marks+medium+spiny+neurons+from+precursors+to+maturity+and+is+required+for+their+differentiation.">FoxP1 marks medium spiny neurons from precursors to maturity and is required for their differentiation.</a> Experimental Neurology. 282, 9-18 (2016).</li></ol>

Met behulp van een geschikte bron van neurale stamcellen is zeer belangrijk voor neurowetenschappers. Neurale stamcellen kan worden geoogst uit verschillende gebieden van de hersenen van embryo en ze kunnen het genereren van specifieke soorten zenuwcellen en gliacellen. Er zijn verschillende methoden voor de inductie van differentiatie van neurale stamcellen voor het opwekken van hen voor het genereren van volwassen zenuwcellen en gliacellen. Er zijn talrijke rapporten die aangeeft dat zij onder de voorwaarden van de spe...

Neurale stamcellen (NSCs) bevinden zich in verschillende regio's van de volwassene en embryo hersenen en ze hebben de neiging om het genereren van verschillende soorten neuronen en gliale cel1. De subventriculaire zones in de volwassen zoogdieren hersenen2 en ganglionaire eminentie in de hersenen embryo zijn NSC rijke regio's3. In de ontwikkelende hersenen levert de ganglionaire eminentie allermeest naar de corticale interneuronen en met name GABAergic interneuronen3. Er zijn ook minder invasieve methoden voor neurale stamcellen generatie vanaf embryonale stamcellen (SER's) of geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcellen (iPSCs) die het verminderen van de vraag naar dier gebruiken. Ondanks het feit dat het genereren van NSCs van sociaal-economische raden of iPSCs mogelijk4,5 is, heeft het een aantal voordelen en nadelen vergeleken met het isolement van neurale stamcellen uit de volwassen of embryonale hersenen6,7, 8. De protocollen voor de differentiatie van SER's en iPSCs richting neuronale fenotypen inducerende zijn altijd tijd en kosten consumeren en het tarief van succes (70-80% Nestin positieve cellen)5 is lager in vergelijking met de directe isolatie van NSCs uit de dierlijke hersenen ( meer dan 99% Nestin positieve cellen)9. Bovendien verliezen stamcellen hun genetische stabiliteit en differentiatie neiging na verscheidene passages10,11. Hoewel er andere nieuwe rapporten over directe omzetting van somatische cellen in NSCs, deze cellen zijn genetisch gemanipuleerde en zijn niet gemakkelijk toegankelijk in elk lab12. Daarom, is er nog steeds een grote vraag voor isolatie van neurale stamcellen van de dierlijke hersenen; het is mogelijk om het verminderen van de hoeveelheid dierlijke gebruik door het verbeteren van de chirurgische technieken. Door verkorting van de chirurgische en verbetering van de technieken, is het mogelijk om te houden van de cellen uit de buurt van schade en het hoogste percentage van NSCs te verkrijgen van elk dier.
Hier introduceren we een vereenvoudigde en reproduceerbare techniek voor isolatie van neurale stamcellen van muis E13 embryo hersenen.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:942px;" width="941">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">15 mL tubes</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Falcon</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">352097</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">50 mL tubes</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Falcon</td>
			<td dir="LTR">352235</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Adson Forceps, 12 cm, Straight</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR">14226</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">B27</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">17504-44</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">bFGF</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">F0291</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">bovine serum albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">A2153</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">dish 10cm&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Falcon</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">353003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Dressing Forceps, 12.5 cm, Straight</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR">15908</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Dumont Tweezers, 11 cm, Straight</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">500342</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">EGF</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">E9644</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Merck</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">100983&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Glutamate</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">G3291</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Glutamax</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">35050061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">goat anti rabbit FITC conjugated secondary antibody</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">AP307F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">goat serum</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">G9023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Heparin&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">h3149</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">HEPES</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">83264</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">HEPES</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR">90909C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">insulinsyringe with 25-27 gauge Needle&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">SUPA medical</td>
			<td dir="LTR">A1SNL127</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">laminin</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">sigma&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">L2020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td dir="LTR" height="26" style="height:26px;width:389px;">MEM</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">M2279</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td dir="LTR" height="26" style="height:26px;width:389px;">N2 supplement</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">17502048</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">NB medium</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">21103-31</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Non-essential amino acid (NEAA)</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">11140050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">PBS without Ca and Mg</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR">20012050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Penicilin/ Streptomycin</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">5140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Poly-L-ornithine</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">&#160;P4957</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">rabbit anti mouse beta tubulin-III antibody</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">T2200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">rabbit anti mouse GFAP antibody</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">G4546</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">rabbit anti mouse Nestin antibody</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">N5413</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Scalpel Handle #3</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR">500236</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Scissors curve</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">14396</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Scissors sharp straight</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR">14192</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Soybean trypsin inhibitor</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Roche</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">10109886001&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Tissue culture flasks, T25</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">BD</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">353014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Tissue culture flasks, T75</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">BD</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">353024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Tween 20</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">P1379</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Vannas Scissors,&#160; 8 cm, Straight&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td>14003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">&#946;-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR">M6250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and culture of embryonic mouse neural stem cells

Neurale stamcellen (NSCs) zijn multipotente en aanleiding kunnen geven tot de drie grote celtypes van het centrale zenuwstelsel (CNS). In vitro cultuur en uitbreiding van de NSCs zorgen voor een geschikte bron van cellen voor neurowetenschappers te bestuderen van de functie van neuronen en gliale cellen samen met hun interacties. Er zijn verschillende gerapporteerde technieken voor de isolatie van neurale stamcellen uit volwassen of embryonale zoogdieren hersenen. Tijdens de microchirurgische operatie te isoleren NSCs uit verschillende regio's van de embryonale CNS, is het zeer belangrijk ter beperking van de schade aan de hersencellen te verkrijgen van de hoogste verhouding van live en uitbreidbaar stamcellen. Een mogelijke techniek voor spanningsvermindering tijdens isolatie van deze cellen uit de hersenen van muis embryonale is de vermindering van de chirurgische tijd. Hier tonen wij een ontwikkelde techniek voor snelle isolatie van deze cellen van de E13 muis embryo ganglionaire eminentie. Chirurgische procedures omvatten E13 muis embryo's uit de baarmoeder, snijden de frontale fontanelle van het embryo met een gebogen naald tip, het uitpakken van de hersenen van de schedel, de microdissection van de geïsoleerde hersenen om te oogsten van de ganglionaire eminentie, oogsten dissociatie van het geoogste weefsel op NSC middellange tot het krijgen van een enkele celsuspensie, en ten slotte plating cellen in schorsing cultuur voor het genereren van neurospheres.

Micro-dissectie, cel isolatie en Neurosphere cultuur. Hier voorgesteld hebben we een snelle en efficiënte methode voor muis E13 hersenen microchirurgie en isolatie van neurale stamcellen. Dit artikel toont dat het mogelijk is om het hele brein van een muis voor E13 met de schedel embryo door middel van een mooie breuk in de frontale fontanelle is. Met deze methode de hersenen verdraagt minder schade en het is mogelijk om te isoleren van cellen uit v...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Culture of Embryonic Mouse Neural Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation and Culture of Embryonic Mouse Neural Stem Cells

Hier introduceren wij een nieuwe microchirurgische techniek voor de isolatie van neurale stamcellen uit de E13 muis embryo ganglionaire eminentie.

Isolatie en cultuur van muis embryonale neurale stamcellen

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent and can give rise to the three major cell types of the central nervous system (CNS). In vitro culture and ...

Het doel van dit videoprotocol is het vaststellen van een bron en efficiënt protocol voor embryonale muis neurale stamcelisolatie en -cultuur. Hallo, ik ben Maryam Sadeghi-Zadeh. Ik ben een master student cellulaire en moleculaire biologie in Royan Institute.Vandaag willen ik en mijn collega je laten zien hoe je neurale stamcel oogsten van 13 embryomuis ganglionic eminentie. Hallo, ik ben Bahareh Alizadeh-Shoorjestan. Ik ben een master student voor cellulaire en moleculaire biologie in de stemcel afdeling van Royan Instituut voor Biotechnologie.Hallo, ik ben Reza Dehghani-Varnamkhasti. Ook studeer ik cellulaire en moleculaire biologie aan het Royan Instituut. Chirurgische ingrepen omvatten het oogsten van elke 13 muisembryo's uit de baarmoeder.Het snijden van de voorkant van fontanel van embryo met een gebogen naald tip het extraheren van de hersenen uit de schedel. Micro-dissectie van geïsoleerde hersenen om de ganglionic eminentie te oogsten. Dissociatie van het geoogste weefsel in een neurale stamcel medium om een enkele cel suspensie te krijgen.En tenslotte, plating cellen in een suspensie cultuur om zenuwcellen te genereren. Reinig en ontsmettingsmiddel de huid van de buik gebied door te spuiten met 70%ethanol. Controle van de huid omhoog buik en snijd vervolgens de huid en onderstreept gezicht met een schaar om buikholte en baarmoeder hoorns te ontdekken.Verwijder de baarmoederhoorns die de embryo's met een schaar bevatten en breng ze over in een conische buis van 50 ml met een koude HEPES MEM-buffer van 25 ml. Plaats de conische buis onder de laminale stroomkap. Open de dop onder de motorkap.Haal de baarmoederhoorns uit de buis en spoel drie keer met voldoende volume van de verse koude HEPES MEM-buffer om vuil en bloed te elimineren. Breng het baarmoederweefsel over in een petrischaal van 10 cm met een koude HEPES MEM-buffer van 7 tot 10 ml. Open de baarmoederhoorns met een fijne schaar en breng embryo's over naar een nieuw gerecht met een koude HEPES MEM-buffer van 7 tot 10 ml.Zet nu de 10 cm schotel met embryo's onder de ontledenmicroscoop voor micro-dissectie operatie. Buig de punt van een spuitnaald door zijn punt op een stalen scalpel mesgreep te duwen. Buig de punt van de naald tot de punt is gebogen onder een hoek van 70 tot 90 graden.Controleer de punt van de naald onder de ontledenmicroscoop om de bocht aan de punt van de naald te zien. Natuurlijk hebben embryo's hierin een zijdelingse positie. Zonder hun positie te veranderen, hield de hals en het lichaam van het embryo met fijne tangen en vervolgens het gebogen deel van de naald diep in de voorkant van de fontanel van het embryohoofd.Er zou een kleine bloeding of een bloedstolsel zijn. Beweeg de naald tip oppervlakkig, terwijl het gebogen deel is in de uitstulping in de richting van het voorhoofd en vervolgens naar de achterkant van het hoofd. Zorg ervoor dat u door de huid en de schedel snijdt en de onderliggende hersenen niet beschadigt.Duw de huid met de naald tip zijwaarts om de hersenen te ontdekken. Steek de naald van zijdelingse kant van de huid aan de onder het frame van de zijkant van de huid naar het gebied onder de hersenen. En verwijder dan de hersenen van deze hoofdhuid door het te duwen om uit de ontleedschedel te komen.De ganglionic eminentie wordt duidelijk getoond in video met zijn mediale en zijdelen. Hield de hersenen stabiel met behulp van de zorg tangen en vervolgens met behulp van microscissors om de cortex van elk halfrond te snijden om de ganglionic eminentie bloot. Hield de hersenen en plaats ontleed ganglionic eminentie in de 15 ml centrifuge buis met neurale stamcel media.Herhaal deze procedure totdat alle hersenen zijn micro-ontleed. Snijd ontleed ganglionic eminentie door het plaatsen van de pipet tip tegen de onderkant van de buis en pipette de schorsing op en neer voor 2 5 keer op te breken van het weefsel om een enkele cel schorsing te krijgen. Centrifuge de vering op 110 g gedurende 5 minuten.Verwijder de supernatant en resuspend de cellen in 1 ml van 0,05%buis in EDTA. Incubeer de celsuspensie in een 37 graden Celsius gedurende 10 minuten. En voeg dan een gelijkwaardig volume van soja-trypsin remmer om trypsine activiteit te stoppen.Pipette de celopening op en neer om ervoor te zorgen dat de trypsine volledig is geïnactiveerd. Centrifuge de celsuspensie op 110 g gedurende 5 minuten. Verwijder de supernatant en resuspend de cellen in 1 ml van volledige neurale stamcel medium en tellen het aantal cellen.Plaat de cellen op neurale stamcel medium in de geschikte grootte weefsel cultuur fles. Breng 5 ml 2T25, 20 ml naar T75 en 40 ml over op T175-kolven. Neurosferen verschijnen na 3 dagen cultuur bij 37 graden Celsius in een bevochtigde couveuse met 5% CO2.Om cultuur de neurosferen te zuigen, breng het medium met zwevende neurosferen naar de centrifuge om 5 minuten op 110 g te centrifugeren en gooi je de supernatant weg. Bij 1 ml van 0,05% trypsin EDTA en incubeer bij 37 graden Celsius gedurende 10 minuten. Dan inactiveren de trypsine met behulp van sojaben tyrpsin remmer en pipet de neurosferen zachtjes op en neer om ze enkele cellen.Centrifuge de celsuspensie op 110 g gedurende 5 minuten. Gooi de supernatant weg en verhoog de cellen in 1 ml neurale stamcellen medium. Deze cellen zijn klaar voor de volgende stap cultuur of cultuur op laminaat en volledig gecoat oppervlak voor geavanceerde experimenten.Door het cultiveren van een miljoen primaire neurale stamcellen na zeven dagen het aantal cellen zal toenemen tot drie tot vier miljoen. Na zes tot zeven dagen moeten de bollen tussen de 150 en 200 micrometer in diameter meten en klaar zijn voor subcultuur op laminaat poly ornithine gecoate gerechten bij afwezigheid van bFGF en EFGF voor neuronale differentiatie. Flow cytometrie test resultaten tonen aan dat in de buurt van 95% van de cellen die de neurosferen waren Nestin positief, dat is een bekende marker voor neurale stamcellen.Tests met behulp van beta tubuline III en ganglio vezelige eiwit antilichamen blijkt dat door het cultiveren van neurale stamcellen op gecoate oppervlak ongeveer 94%aangetoond neuronale fenotype en ongeveer 5%tonen glia fenotype. In deze korte video een lab techniek voor snelle isolatie van neurale stamcel van 13 muis embryo ganglionic eminentie. Ik hoop dat je succes zult hebben in je neurale stamcelcultuur.

isolation-and-culture-of-embryonic-mouse-neural-stem-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Dissection and Culture of Commissural Neurons from Embryonic Spinal Cord

Commissural neurons have been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying axon guidance during embryonic spinal cord development. The cell bodies of these neurons are located in the dorsal spinal cord and their axons follow stereotyped trajectories during embryonic development. Commissural axons initially project ventrally towards the floorplate. After crossing the midline, these axons turn anteriorly and project towards the brain. Each of these steps is regulated by the action of several guidance cues. Cultures highly enriched in commissural neurons are ideally suited for many experiments addressing the mechanisms of axon pathfinding, including turning assays, immunochemistry and biochemistry. Here, we describe a method to dissect and culture commissural neurons from E13 rat dorsal spinal cord. First, the spinal cord is isolated and dorsal strips are dissected out. The dorsal tissue is then dissociated into a cell suspension by trypsinization and mechanical disruption. Neurons are plated onto poly-L-lysine-coated glass coverslips or tissue-culture dishes. After 30 hours in vitro, most neurons have extended an axon. The purity of the culture (Yam et al. 2009), typically over 90%, can be assessed by immunolabeling with the commissural neuron markers DCC, LH2 and TAG1 (Helms and Johnson, 1998). This neuronal preparation is a useful tool for in vitro studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of commissural axon growth and guidance during spinal cord development.

This video demonstrates a method to dissect and culture commissural neurons from E13 rat dorsal spinal cord. Dissociated commissural neurons are useful to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of axon growth and guidance.

Dissectie en Cultuur van Commissural neuronen van het ruggenmerg Embryonic

Commissural neurons have been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying axon guidance during embryonic spinal cord development. The cell bodies ...

Isolation and Expansion of the Adult Mouse Neural Stem Cells Using the Neurosphere Assay

Isolation and expansion of the putative neural stem cells (NSCs) from the adult murine brain was first described by Reynolds and Weiss in 1992 employing a chemically defined serum-free culture system known as the neurosphere assay (NSA). In this assay, the majority of differentiated cell types die within a few days of culture but a small population of growth factor responsive precursor cells undergo active proliferation in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and/ basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF). These cells form colonies of undifferentiated cells called neurospheres, which in turn can be subcultured to expand the pool of neural stem cells. Moreover, the cells can be induced to differentiate, generating the three major cell types of the CNS i.e. neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. This assay provides an invaluable tool to supply a consistent, renewable source of undifferentiated CNS precursors, which could be used for in vitro studies and also for therapeutic purposes.
This video demonstrates the NSA method to generate and expand NSCs from the adult mouse periventricular region, and provides technical insights to ensure one can achieve reproducible neurosphere cultures. The procedure includes harvesting the brain from the adult mouse, micro-dissection of the periventricular region, tissue preparation and culture in the NSA. The harvested tissue is first chemically digested using trypsin-EDTA and then mechanically dissociated in NSC medium to achieve a single cell suspension and finally plated in the NSA. After 7-10 days in culture, the resulting primary neurospheres are ready for subculture to reach the amount of cells required for future experiments.

This video protocol demonstrates the neurosphere assay method to generate and expand neural stem cells from the adult mouse periventricular region, and provides technical insights to ensure one can achieve reproducible neurosphere cultures.

Isolatie en uitbreiding van de volwassen muis neurale stamcellen Met behulp van de Neurosphere Assay

Isolation and expansion of the putative neural stem cells (NSCs) from the adult murine brain was first described by Reynolds and Weiss in 1992 employing a ...

Establishing Embryonic Mouse Neural Stem Cell Culture Using the Neurosphere Assay

In mammalians, stem cells acts as a source of undifferentiated cells to maintain cell genesis and renewal in different tissues and organs during the life span of the animal. They can potentially replace cells that are lost in the aging process or in the process of injury and disease. The existence of neural stem cells (NSCs) was first described by Reynolds and Weiss (1992) in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) using a novel serum&#8208;free culture system, the neurosphere assay (NSA). Using this assay, it is also feasible to isolate and expand NSCs from different regions of the embryonic CNS. These in vitro expanded NSCs are multipotent and can give rise to the three major cell types of the CNS. While the NSA seems relatively simple to perform, attention to the procedures demonstrated here is required in order to achieve reliable and consistent results. This video practically demonstrates NSA to generate and expand NSCs from embryonic day 14-mouse brain tissue and provides technical details so one can achieve reproducible neurosphere cultures. The procedure includes harvesting E14 mouse embryos, brain microdissection to harvest the ganglionic eminences, dissociation of the harvested tissue in NSC medium to gain a single cell suspension, and finally plating cells in NSA culture. After 5-7 days in culture, the resulting primary neurospheres are passaged to further expand the number of the NSCs for future experiments.

This video protocol demonstrates the application of the neurosphere assay for the isolation and expansion of neural stem cells from the ganglionic eminences of embryonic day 14-mouse brain.

Tot vaststelling van Embryonale Mouse Neural Stem Cell Culture Met behulp van de Neurosphere Assay

In mammalians, stem cells acts as a source of undifferentiated cells to maintain cell genesis and renewal in different tissues and organs during the life ...

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Stem Cells from Human Hair Follicles

Hair follicles undergo lifelong growth and hair cycle is a well-controlled process involving stem cell proliferation and quiescence. Hair bulge is a well-characterized niche for adult stem cells1. This segment of the outer root sheath contains a number of different types of stem cells, including epithelial stem cells2, melanocyte stem cells3 and neural crest like stem cells4-7. Hair follicles represent an accessible and rich source for different types of human stem cells. We and others have isolated neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) from human fetal and adult hair follicles4,5. These human stem cells are label-retaining cells and are capable of self-renewal through asymmetric cell division in vitro. They express immature neural crest cell markers but not differentiation markers. Our expression profiling study showed that they share a similar gene expression pattern with murine skin immature neural crest cells. They exhibit clonal multipotency that can give rise to myogenic, melanocytic, and neuronal cell lineages after in vitro clonal single cell culture. Differentiated cells not only acquire lineage-specific markers but also demonstrate appropriate functions in ex vivo conditions. In addition, these NCSCs show differentiation potential toward mesenchymal lineages. Differentiated neuronal cells can persist in mouse brain and retain neuronal differentiation markers. It has been shown that hair follicle derived NCSCs can help nerve regrowth, and they improve motor function in mice transplanted with these stem cells following transecting spinal cord injury8. Furthermore, peripheral nerves have been repaired with stem cell grafts9, and implantation of skin-derived precursor cells adjacent to crushed sciatic nerves has resulted in remyelination10. Therefore, the hair follicle/skin derived NCSCs have already shown promising results for regenerative therapy in preclinical models.
Somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has shown enormous potential for regenerative medicine. However, there are still many issues with iPS cells, particularly the long term effect of oncogene/virus integration and potential tumorigenicity of pluripotent stem cells have not been adequately addressed. There are still many hurdles to be overcome before iPS cells can be used for regenerative medicine. Whereas the adult stem cells are known to be safe and they have been used clinically for many years, such as bone marrow transplant. Many patients have already benefited from the treatment. Autologous adult stem cells are still preferred cells for transplantation. Therefore, the readily accessible and expandable adult stem cells in human skin/hair follicles are a valuable source for regenerative medicine.

This article presents a robust protocol for isolation and culture of neural crest stem cells from human hair follicles.

Isolatie en Cultuur van neurale stamcellen uit menselijke haarzakjes

Hair follicles undergo lifelong growth and hair cycle is a well-controlled process involving stem cell proliferation and quiescence. Hair bulge is a ...

Lectin-based Isolation and Culture of Mouse Embryonic Motoneurons

Spinal motoneurons develop towards postmitotic stages through early embryonic nervous system development and subsequently grow out dendrites and axons. Neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube that express Nkx6.1 are the unique precursor cells for spinal motoneurons1. Though postmitotic motoneurons move towards their final position and organize themselves into columns along the spinal tract2,3. More than 90% of all these differentiated and positioned motoneurons express the transcription factors Islet 1/2. They innervate the muscles of the limbs as well as those of the body and the inner organs. Among others, motoneurons typically express the high affinity receptors for brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), the tropomyosin-related kinase B and C (TrkB, TrkC). They do not express the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA)4. Beside the two high affinity receptors, motoneurons do express the low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75NTR. The p75NTR can bind all neurotrophins with similar but lower affinity to all neurotrophins than the high affinity receptors would bind the mature neurotrophins. Within the embryonic spinal cord, the p75NTR is exclusively expressed by the spinal motoneurons5. This has been used to develop motoneuron isolation techniques to purify the cells from the vast majority of surrounding cells6. Isolating motoneurons with the help of specific antibodies (panning) against the extracellular domains of p75NTR has turned out to be an expensive method as the amount of antibody used for a single experiment is high due to the size of the plate used for panning. A much more economical alternative is the use of lectin. Lectin has been shown to specifically bind to p75NTR as well7. The following method describes an alternative technique using wheat germ agglutinin for a preplating procedure instead of the p75NTR antibody. The lectin is an extremely inexpensive alternative to the p75NTR antibody and the purification grades using lectin are comparable to that of the p75NTR antibody. Motoneurons from the embryonic spinal cord can be isolated by this method, survive and grow out neurites.

An alternative way of isolating mouse embryonic motoneurons from the spinal cord is described. The method takes into account the fact that lectin can bind to the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75NTR. This lectin-based preplating allows a purification similar to that with a specific antibody against the p75NTR.

Lectine-based Isolatie en cultuur van de muis embryonale motoneuronen

Spinal motoneurons develop towards postmitotic stages through early embryonic nervous system development and subsequently grow out dendrites and axons. ...

Isolation and Culture of Rat Embryonic Neural Cells: A Quick Protocol

We are describing a quick method to dissociate and culture hippocampal or cortical neurons from E15-17 rat embryos. The procedure can be applied successfully to the isolation of mouse and human primary neurons and neural progenitors. Dissociated neurons are maintained in serum-free medium up to several weeks. These cultures can be used for nucleofection, immunocytochemistry, nucleic acids preparation, as well as electrophysiology. Older neuronal cultures can also be transfected with a good efficiency rate by lentiviral transduction and, less efficiently, with calcium phosphate or lipid-based methods such as lipofectamine.

We describe a rapid methodology to isolate and culture hippocampal and cortical neurons from rodent embryos. This protocol allows us to perform experiments in which nearly pure neuronal cultures are required.

Isolatie en Cultuur van Rat Embryonale neurale cellen: een Quick-protocol

We are describing a quick method to dissociate and culture hippocampal or cortical neurons from E15-17 rat embryos. The procedure can be applied ...

Expansion of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells by In Utero Electroporation or Viral Stereotaxic Injection

Somatic stem cells can divide to generate additional stem cells (expansion) or more differentiated cell types (differentiation), which is fundamental for tissue formation during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis during adulthood 1. Currently, great efforts are invested towards controlling the switch of somatic stem cells from expansion to differentiation because this is thought to be fundamental for developing novel strategies for regenerative medicine 1,2. However, a major challenge in the study and use of somatic stem cell is that their expansion has been proven very difficult to control.
Here we describe a system that allows the control of neural stem/progenitor cell (altogether referred to as NSC) expansion in the mouse embryonic cortex or the adult hippocampus by manipulating the expression of the cdk4/cyclinD1 complex, a major regulator of the G1 phase of the cell cycle and somatic stem cell differentiation 3,4. Specifically, two different approaches are described by which the cdk4/cyclinD1 complex is overexpressed in NSC in vivo. By the first approach, overexpression of the cell cycle regulators is obtained by injecting plasmids encoding for cdk4/cyclinD1 in the lumen of the mouse telencephalon followed by in utero electroporation to deliver them to NSC of the lateral cortex, thus, triggering episomal expression of the transgenes 5-8. By the second approach, highly concentrated HIV-derived viruses are stereotaxically injected in the dentate gyrus of the adult mouse hippocampus, thus, triggering constitutive expression of the cell cycle regulators after integration of the viral construct in the genome of infected cells 9. Both approaches, whose basic principles were already described by other video protocols 10-14, were here optimized to i) reduce tissue damage, ii) target wide portions of very specific brain regions, iii) obtain high numbers of manipulated cells within each region, and iv) trigger high expression levels of the transgenes within each cell. Transient overexpression of the transgenes using the two approaches is obtained by different means i.e. by natural dilution of the electroporated plasmids due to cell division or tamoxifen administration in Cre-expressing NSC infected with viruses carrying cdk4/cyclinD1 flanked by loxP sites, respectively 9,15.
These methods provide a very powerful platform to acutely and tissue-specifically manipulate the expression of any gene in the mouse brain. In particular, by manipulating the expression of the cdk4/cyclinD1 complex, our system allows the temporal control of NSC expansion and their switch to differentiation, thus, ultimately increasing the number of neurons generated in the mammalian brain. Our approach may be critically important for basic research and using somatic stem cells for therapy of the mammalian central nervous system while providing a better understanding of i) stem cell contribution to tissue formation during development, ii) tissue homeostasis during adulthood, iii) the role of adult neurogenesis in cognitive functions, and perhaps, iv) better using somatic stem cells in models of neurodegenerative diseases.

Expansion of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells by In Utero Electroporation or Viral Stereotaxic Injection

Controlling the expansion of somatic stem cells is a major factor hampering their study and use in therapy. Here we describe a system to temporally control neural stem cells expansion during development and adulthood, which can be used to increase the number of neurons generated in the mouse brain.

Uitbreiding van embryonale en adulte neurale stamcellen door<em&gt; In Utero</em&gt; Electroporation of Viral stereotactische injectie

Somatic stem cells can divide to generate additional stem cells (expansion) or more differentiated cell types (differentiation), which is fundamental for ...

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

The embryonic neural crest (NC) is a multipotent progenitor population that originates at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, undergoes an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migrates throughout the embryo, giving rise to diverse cell types 1-3. NC also has the unique ability to influence the differentiation and maturation of target organs4-6. When explanted in vitro, NC progenitors undergo self-renewal, migrate and differentiate into a variety of tissue types including neurons, glia, smooth muscle cells, cartilage and bone. 
NC multipotency was first described from explants of the avian neural tube7-9. In vitro isolation of NC cells facilitates the study of NC dynamics including proliferation, migration, and multipotency. Further work in the avian and rat systems demonstrated that explanted NC cells retain their NC potential when transplanted back into the embryo10-13. Because these inherent cellular properties are preserved in explanted NC progenitors, the neural tube explant assay provides an attractive option for studying the NC in vitro. 
To attain a better understanding of the mammalian NC, many methods have been employed to isolate NC populations. NC-derived progenitors can be cultured from post-migratory locations in both the embryo and adult to study the dynamics of post-migratory NC progenitors11,14-20, however isolation of NC progenitors as they emigrate from the neural tube provides optimal preservation of NC cell potential and migratory properties13,21,22. Some protocols employ fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate a NC population enriched for particular progenitors11,13,14,17. However, when starting with early stage embryos, cell numbers adequate for analyses are difficult to obtain with FACS, complicating the isolation of early NC populations from individual embryos. Here, we describe an approach that does not rely on FACS and results in an approximately 96% pure NC population based on a Wnt1-Cre activated lineage reporter23. 
The method presented here is adapted from protocols optimized for the culture of rat NC11,13. The advantages of this protocol compared to previous methods are that 1) the cells are not grown on a feeder layer, 2) FACS is not required to obtain a relatively pure NC population, 3) premigratory NC cells are isolated and 4) results are easily quantified. Furthermore, this protocol can be used for isolation of NC from any mutant mouse model, facilitating the study of NC characteristics with different genetic manipulations. The limitation of this approach is that the NC is removed from the context of the embryo, which is known to influence the survival, migration and differentiation of the NC2,24-28.

Isolation of embryonic neural crest from the neural tube facilitates the use of in vitro methods for studying migration, self-renewal, and multipotency of neural crest.

Isolatie en Cultuur van neurale lijst cellen van embryonale Murine Neural Tube

The embryonic neural crest (NC) is a multipotent progenitor population that originates at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, undergoes an epithelial to ...

Isolation and Culture of Endothelial Cells from the Embryonic Forebrain

Embryonic brain endothelial cells can serve as an important tool in the study of angiogenesis and neurovascular development and interactions. The two vascular networks of the embryonic forebrain, pial and periventricular, are spatially distinctive and have different origins and growth patterns. Endothelial cells from the pial and periventricular vascular networks have unique gene expression profiles and functions. Here we present a step-by-step protocol for isolation, culture, and verification of pure populations of endothelial cells from the periventricular vascular network (PVECs) of the embryonic forebrain (telencephalon). In this approach, telencephalon devoid of pial membrane obtained from embryonic day 15 mice is minced, digested with collagenase/dispase, and dispersed mechanically into a single cell suspension. PVECs are purified from cell suspension using positive selection with anti-CD-31/PECAM-1 antibody conjugated to MicroBeads using a strong magnetic separation method. Purified cells are cultured on collagen 1&#160;coated culture dishes in endothelial cell culture medium until they become confluent and further subcultured. PVECs obtained with this protocol exhibit cobblestone and spindle shaped phenotypes, as visualized by phase-contrast light microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Purity of PVEC cultures was established with endothelial cell markers. In our hands, this method reliably and consistently yields pure populations of PVECs. This protocol will benefit studies aimed at gaining mechanistic insights into forebrain angiogenesis, understanding PVEC interactions, and cross-talks with neuronal cell types and holds tremendous potential for therapeutic angiogenesis.

This video demonstrates an easy and reliable strategy for preparation of pure cultures of endothelial cells from the embryonic forebrain within 10-12 days and will be useful for research focused on many aspects of cerebral angiogenesis.

Isolatie en Cultuur van de endotheelcellen van de embryonale voorhersenen

Embryonic brain endothelial cells can serve as an important tool in the study of angiogenesis and neurovascular development and interactions. The two ...

One Mouse, Two Cultures: Isolation and Culture of Adult Neural Stem Cells from the Two Neurogenic Zones of Individual Mice

The neurosphere assay and the adherent monolayer culture system are valuable tools to determine the potential (proliferation or differentiation) of adult neural stem cells in vitro. These assays can be used to compare the precursor potential of cells isolated from genetically different or differentially treated animals&#160;to determine the effects of exogenous factors on neural precursor cell proliferation and differentiation and to generate neural precursor cell lines that can be assayed over continuous passages. The neurosphere assay is traditionally used for the post-hoc identification of stem cells, primarily due to the lack of definitive markers with which they can be isolated from primary tissue&#160;and has the major advantage of giving a quick estimate of precursor cell numbers in brain tissue derived from individual animals. Adherent monolayer cultures, in contrast, are not traditionally used to compare proliferation between individual animals, as each culture is generally initiated from the combined tissue of between 5-8 animals. However, they have the major advantage that, unlike neurospheres, they consist of a mostly homogeneous population of precursor cells and are useful for following the differentiation process in single cells. Here, we describe, in detail, the generation of neurosphere cultures and, for the first time, adherent cultures from individual animals. This has many important implications including paired analysis of proliferation and/or differentiation potential in both the subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus (DG) of treated or genetically different mouse lines, as well as a significant reduction in animal usage.

Here we describe a detailed protocol for the simultaneous generation of neural precursor cell cultures, as either adherent monolayers or neurospheres, from the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus of individual adult mice.

Een muis, twee culturen: Isolatie en Cultuur van adulte neurale stamcellen uit de Twee Neurogeen Zones van individuele muizen

The neurosphere assay and the adherent monolayer culture system are valuable tools to determine the potential (proliferation or differentiation) of adult ...