Name: isolation and culture of embryonic mouse neural stem cells
Uploaded: 2018-11-11T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Culture of Embryonic Mouse Neural Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Questo lavoro è stato supportato dall'Istituto Royan.

Tutti gli interventi chirurgici e procedure sull'animale sono state approvate dal comitato di etica animale dell'Istituto Royan, Teheran, Iran.
1. preparazione di strumenti chirurgici, lavaggio Buffer (HEPES-MEM), terreni di coltura delle cellule e piastre per colture cellulari
<ol><li>Sterilizzare gli strumenti chirurgici (forbici, impugnatura Lama bisturi e pinze) li basati sugli orientamenti dell'ordinaria sterilizzazione in autoclave.</li>
	<li>Preparare un adeguato volume di tampone HEP...

<ol>
	<li>Navarro Quiroz, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+Signaling+in+Neuronal+Stem+Cells.">Cell Signaling in Neuronal Stem Cells.</a> Cells. 7 (7), (2018).</li><li>Choi, C. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Thrombin+Receptor+Restricts+Subventricular+Zone+Neural+Stem+Cell+Expansion+and+Differentiation.">The Thrombin Receptor Restricts Subventricular Zone Neural Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation.</a> Scientific Reports. 8 (1), 9360 (2018).</li><li>Li, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+a+novel+rat+neural+progenitor+clone+that+expresses+Dlx+family+transcription+factors+and+gives+rise+to+functional+GABAergic+neurons+in+culture.">Isolation of a novel rat neural progenitor clone that expresses Dlx family transcription factors and gives rise to functional GABAergic neurons in culture.</a> Developmental Neurobiology. 72 (6), 805-820 (2012).</li><li>Liu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Derivation+of+phenotypically+diverse+neural+culture+from+hESC+by+combining+adherent+and+dissociation+methods.">Derivation of phenotypically diverse neural culture from hESC by combining adherent and dissociation methods.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Methods. , (2018).</li><li>Dhara, S. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+neural+progenitor+cells+derived+from+embryonic+stem+cells+in+feeder-free+cultures.">Human neural progenitor cells derived from embryonic stem cells in feeder-free cultures.</a> Differentiation. 76 (5), 454-464 (2008).</li><li>Aligholi, H., Hassanzadeh, G., Gorji, A., Azari, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Novel+Biopsy+Method+for+Isolating+Neural+Stem+Cells+from+the+Subventricular+Zone+of+the+Adult+Rat+Brain+for+Autologous+Transplantation+in+CNS+Injuries.">A Novel Biopsy Method for Isolating Neural Stem Cells from the Subventricular Zone of the Adult Rat Brain for Autologous Transplantation in CNS Injuries.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 1462, 711-731 (2016).</li><li>Azari, H., Sharififar, S., Rahman, M., Ansari, S., Reynolds, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishing+embryonic+mouse+neural+stem+cell+culture+using+the+neurosphere+assay.">Establishing embryonic mouse neural stem cell culture using the neurosphere assay.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (47), (2011).</li><li>Ferrari, D., Binda, E., De Filippis, L., Vescovi, A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+neural+stem+cells+from+neural+tissues+using+the+neurosphere+technique.">Isolation of neural stem cells from neural tissues using the neurosphere technique.</a> Current Protocols in Stem Cell Biology. , (2010).</li><li>Guo, W., Patzlaff, N. E., Jobe, E. M., Zhao, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+multipotent+neural+stem+or+progenitor+cells+from+both+the+dentate+gyrus+and+subventricular+zone+of+a+single+adult+mouse.">Isolation of multipotent neural stem or progenitor cells from both the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of a single adult mouse.</a> Nature Protocols. 7 (2012), (2005).</li><li>Liu, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Passage+Number+is+a+Major+Contributor+to+Genomic+Structural+Variations+in+Mouse+iPSCs.">Passage Number is a Major Contributor to Genomic Structural Variations in Mouse iPSCs.</a> Stem Cells and Development. 32 (10), 2657-2667 (2014).</li><li>Diaferia, G. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+Chromosomal+Analysis+of+Cultured+Mouse+Neural+Stem+Cell+Lines.">Systematic Chromosomal Analysis of Cultured Mouse Neural Stem Cell Lines.</a> Stem Cells and Development. 20 (8), 1411-1423 (2011).</li><li>Hemmer, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+Neural+Stem+Cells+Achieve+Long-Term+Survival+and+Functional+Integration+in+the+Adult+Mouse+Brain.">Induced Neural Stem Cells Achieve Long-Term Survival and Functional Integration in the Adult Mouse Brain.</a> Stem Cell Reports. 3 (3), 423-431 (2014).</li><li>Menon, V., Thomas, R., Ghale, A. R., Reinhard, C., Pruszak, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+Cytometry+Protocols+for+Surface+and+Intracellular+Antigen+Analyses+of+Neural+Cell+Types.">Flow Cytometry Protocols for Surface and Intracellular Antigen Analyses of Neural Cell Types.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (94), 52241 (2014).</li><li>Zhang, Z., Wang, Z., Rui, W., Wu, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnesium+lithospermate+B+promotes+proliferation+and+differentiation+of+neural+stem+cells+in+vitro+and+enhances+neurogenesis+in+vivo.">Magnesium lithospermate B promotes proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in vitro and enhances neurogenesis in vivo.</a> Tissue and Cell. 53, 8-14 (2018).</li><li>Zilkha-Falb, R., Gurevich, M., Hanael, E., Achiron, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prickle1+as+positive+regulator+of+oligodendrocyte+differentiation.">Prickle1 as positive regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation.</a> Neuroscience. 364, 107-121 (2017).</li><li>Wang, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oligodendrocyte+differentiation+from+human+neural+stem+cells:+A+novel+role+for+c-Src.">Oligodendrocyte differentiation from human neural stem cells: A novel role for c-Src.</a> Neurochemistry International. 120, 21-32 (2018).</li><li>Palanisamy, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxytocin+alters+cell+fate+selection+of+rat+neural+progenitor+cells+in+vitro.">Oxytocin alters cell fate selection of rat neural progenitor cells in vitro.</a> PLoS ONE. 13 (1), e0191160 (2018).</li><li>Llewellyn-Smith, I. J., Basbaum, A. I., Braz, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term,+dynamic+synaptic+reorganization+after+GABAergic+precursor+cell+transplantation+into+adult+mouse+spinal+cord.">Long-term, dynamic synaptic reorganization after GABAergic precursor cell transplantation into adult mouse spinal cord.</a> Journal of Comparative Neurology. 526 (3), 480-495 (2018).</li><li>Precious, S. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FoxP1+marks+medium+spiny+neurons+from+precursors+to+maturity+and+is+required+for+their+differentiation.">FoxP1 marks medium spiny neurons from precursors to maturity and is required for their differentiation.</a> Experimental Neurology. 282, 9-18 (2016).</li></ol>

Utilizzando una fonte di cellule staminali neurali è molto importante per i neuroscienziati. Cellule staminali neurali potrebbero essere raccolte da diverse aree del cervello embrionale e possono generare tipi specifici di neuroni e cellule gliali. Ci sono diversi metodi per l'induzione della differenziazione delle cellule staminali neurali per indurli a generare cellule gliali e neuroni maturi. Ci sono numerosi rapporti che indicano che in condizioni di impostazioni cultura specifiche e fattore trofico reggimenti, potr...

Cellule staminali neurali (NSC) risiedono in diverse regioni del cervello adulto ed embrione e hanno una tendenza a generare diversi tipi di neuroni e cellule gliali1. NSC ricche regioni3subventricular zone nel cervello dei mammiferi adulti2 e gangliare Eminenza nel cervello dell'embrione. Nel cervello in via di sviluppo, l'eminenza gangliare offre la maggior parte dei interneurons corticali e particolarmente di interneuroni GABAergici3. Ci sono anche metodi meno invasivi per la generazione di cellule staminali neurali da cellule staminali embrionali (ESCs) o utilizzare cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte (iPSCs) che riducono la richiesta per l'animale. Nonostante il fatto che la generazione di NSC da CES o iPSCs è possibile4,5, ha alcuni vantaggi e svantaggi rispetto all'isolamento delle cellule staminali neurali da adulto o embrione cervello6,7, 8. I protocolli per indurre la differenziazione dei CES e iPSCs verso fenotipi neuronali sono sempre tempi e costi di consumo e il tasso di successo (70-80% Nestin cellule positive)5 è inferiore rispetto con isolamento diretto di NSC dal cervello animale ( più di 99% di cellule positive Nestin)9. Inoltre, le cellule staminali perdono loro tendenza stabilità e differenziazione genetica dopo parecchi passaggi10,11. Anche se ci sono altre nuove notizie di conversione diretta delle cellule somatiche in NSC, queste cellule sono geneticamente modificate e non sono facilmente accessibili in ogni laboratorio12. Di conseguenza, c'è ancora una grande richiesta per l'isolamento delle cellule staminali neurali del cervello animale; è possibile ridurre la quantità di utilizzo animali migliorando le tecniche chirurgiche. Riducendo il tempo chirurgico e migliorando le tecniche, è possibile mantenere le cellule dal danno e ottenere il più alto tasso di NSC da ciascun animale.
Qui, presentiamo una tecnica semplificata e riproducibile per l'isolamento delle cellule staminali neurali da cervello di embrione di topo E13 .

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:942px;" width="941">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">15 mL tubes</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Falcon</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">352097</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">50 mL tubes</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Falcon</td>
			<td dir="LTR">352235</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Adson Forceps, 12 cm, Straight</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR">14226</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">B27</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">17504-44</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">bFGF</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">F0291</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">bovine serum albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">A2153</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">dish 10cm&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Falcon</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">353003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Dressing Forceps, 12.5 cm, Straight</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR">15908</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Dumont Tweezers, 11 cm, Straight</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">500342</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">EGF</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">E9644</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Merck</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">100983&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Glutamate</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">G3291</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Glutamax</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">35050061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">goat anti rabbit FITC conjugated secondary antibody</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">AP307F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">goat serum</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">G9023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Heparin&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">h3149</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">HEPES</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">83264</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">HEPES</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR">90909C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">insulinsyringe with 25-27 gauge Needle&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">SUPA medical</td>
			<td dir="LTR">A1SNL127</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">laminin</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">sigma&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">L2020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td dir="LTR" height="26" style="height:26px;width:389px;">MEM</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">M2279</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td dir="LTR" height="26" style="height:26px;width:389px;">N2 supplement</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">17502048</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">NB medium</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">21103-31</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Non-essential amino acid (NEAA)</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">11140050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">PBS without Ca and Mg</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR">20012050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Penicilin/ Streptomycin</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Gibco</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">5140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Poly-L-ornithine</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">&#160;P4957</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">rabbit anti mouse beta tubulin-III antibody</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">T2200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">rabbit anti mouse GFAP antibody</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">G4546</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">rabbit anti mouse Nestin antibody</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">N5413</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Scalpel Handle #3</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR">500236</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Scissors curve</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">14396</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Scissors sharp straight</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td dir="LTR">14192</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Soybean trypsin inhibitor</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Roche</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">10109886001&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Tissue culture flasks, T25</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">BD</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">353014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Tissue culture flasks, T75</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">BD</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:235px;">353024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">Tween 20</td>
			<td style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">P1379</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;">Vannas Scissors,&#160; 8 cm, Straight&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">WPI</td>
			<td>14003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td dir="LTR" height="21" style="height:21px;width:389px;">&#946;-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:145px;">Sigma</td>
			<td dir="LTR">M6250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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isolation and culture of embryonic mouse neural stem cells

Cellule staminali neurali (NSC) sono multipotenti e può dar luogo a tre tipi di principali delle cellule del sistema nervoso centrale (CNS). Cultura in vitro e l'espansione delle CSN forniscono una fonte di cellule per neuroscienziati studiare la funzione dei neuroni e cellule gliali insieme a loro interazioni. Ci sono diverse tecniche segnalate per l'isolamento delle cellule staminali neurali da cervello mammifero adulto o embrione. Durante l'operazione di microsurgical per isolare NSCs provenienti da diverse regioni del SNC embrionale, è molto importante per ridurre i danni alle cellule cerebrali per ottenere il più alto rapporto delle cellule staminali dal vivo ed espandibile. Una tecnica possibile per ridurre lo stress durante l'isolamento di queste cellule del cervello di embrione di topo è la riduzione dei tempi chirurgici. Qui, dimostriamo una tecnica sviluppata per isolamento rapido di queste cellule dall'eminenza E13 del mouse embrione gangliare. Le procedure chirurgiche sono la raccolta di embrioni di topo E13 dall'utero, tagliando le fontanelle frontale dell'embrione con una punta di ago piegato, estraendo il cervello dal cranio, microdissection del cervello isolato per raccogliere l'eminenza gangliare, dissociazione del tessuto raccolto nel mezzo di NSC per ottenere una sospensione di singola cellula e infine di placcatura cellule nella coltura di sospensione per generare neurosfere.

Micro-dissezione, isolamento delle cellule e Neurosphere cultura. Qui, abbiamo presentato un metodo rapido ed efficace per l'isolamento delle cellule staminali neurali e microchirurgia di cervello di topo E13 . Questo articolo viene illustrato che è possibile rimuovere l'intero cervello da un cranio di embrione E13 del mouse attraverso una rottura bene a fontanelle frontale. Con questo metodo, il cervello subisce meno danni ed è possibile isolare l...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Culture of Embryonic Mouse Neural Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation and Culture of Embryonic Mouse Neural Stem Cells

Qui, presentiamo una nuova tecnica microsurgical per l'isolamento delle cellule staminali neurali dall'eminenza E13 del mouse embrione gangliare.

Isolamento e coltura di cellule staminali neurali embrionali del Mouse

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent and can give rise to the three major cell types of the central nervous system (CNS). In vitro culture and ...

Lo scopo di questo protocollo video è stabilire una fonte e un protocollo efficiente per l'isolamento e la cultura delle cellule staminali neurali del topo embrionale. Ciao, sono Maryam Sadeghi-Zadeh. Sono uno studente magistrale di Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare al Royan Institute.Oggi io e il mio collega vogliamo mostrarvi come raccogliere cellule staminali neurali da 13 eminenza ganglionica a topo embrionale. Ciao, sono Bahareh Alizadeh-Shoorjestan. Sono uno studente magistrale di Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare presso il Dipartimento di Cellule Staminali del Royan Institute for Biotechnology.Ciao, sono Reza Dehghani-Varnamkhasti. Inoltre sto studiando Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare al Royan Institute. Le procedure chirurgiche includono la raccolta di ogni 13 embrioni di topo dall'utero.Taglio della parte anteriore della fontanella dell'embrione con una punta dell'ago piegata che estrae il cervello dal cranio. Micro-dissezione del cervello isolato per raccogliere l'eminenza ganglionica. Dissociazione del tessuto raccolto in un mezzo di cellule staminali neurali per ottenere una singola sospensione cellulare.E infine, placcare le cellule in una coltura di sospensione per generare cellule nervose. Pulire e disinfettare la pelle dell'area dell'addome spruzzando con il 70% di etanolo. Controllare la pelle verso l'addome e quindi tagliare la pelle e il viso sottolineato con forbici per scoprire cavità addominale e corna uterina.Rimuovere le corna uterine contenenti gli embrioni con le forbici e trasferirle in un tubo conico da 50 ml contenente tampone HEPES MEM freddo da 25 ml. Posizionare il tubo conico sotto la cappa di flusso laminare. Apri il cappuccio sotto il cofano.Portare le corna uterine fuori dal tubo e risciacquare tre volte con abbastanza volume del tampone HEPES MEM freddo fresco per eliminare detriti e sangue. Trasferire il tessuto uterino in una piastra di petri da 10 cm contenente tampone HEPES MEM freddo da 7 a 10 ml. Aprire le corna uterine usando forbici fini e trasferire gli embrioni in un nuovo piatto contenente da 7 a 10 ml di tampone FREDDO HEPES MEM.Ora metti il piatto da 10 cm con embrioni sotto il microscopio sezionato per il funzionamento della microsezione. Piegare la punta di un ago della siringa spingendo la punta su una maniglia della lama di bisturi in acciaio. Piegare la punta dell'ago fino a quando la punta non è piegata con un angolo da 70 a 90 gradi.Controllare la punta dell'ago sotto il microscopio sezionato per vedere la piega sulla punta dell'ago. Naturalmente gli embrioni hanno una posizione laterale in questo. Senza cambiare la loro posizione, ha tenuto il collo e il corpo dell'embrione con pini fini e quindi inserire la parte piegata dell'ago in profondità nella parte anteriore della fontanella della testa dell'embrione.Ci sarebbe un piccolo sanguinamento o un coagulo di sangue lì. Spostare la punta dell'ago superficialmente mentre la parte piegata si trova all'interno del rigonfiamento verso la fronte e quindi verso la parte posteriore della testa. Assicurati di tagliare la pelle e il cranio e di non danneggiare il cervello sottostante.Spingere la pelle con la punta dell'ago lateralmente per scoprire il cervello. Inserire l'ago dal lato laterale della pelle al sotto il telaio dal lato laterale della pelle all'area sotto il cervello. E poi rimuovere il cervello da questo cuoio capelluto spingendolo a uscire dal cranio sezionato.L'eminenza ganglionica è chiaramente mostrata in video con le sue parti mediali e laterali. Ha tenuto il cervello fermo usando le forceps di cura e quindi usando i microscissori per tagliare la corteccia di ogni emisfero per esporre l'eminenza ganglionica. Ha tenuto il cervello e ha posto l'eminenza ganglionica sezionata nel tubo di centrifuga da 15 ml contenente mezzi di cellule staminali neurali.Ripetere questa procedura fino a quando tutto il cervello non è stato microsezionato. Tagliare l'eminenza ganglionica sezionata posizionando la punta della pipetta contro il fondo del tubo e pipettare la sospensione su e giù per 2 5 volte per rompere il tessuto per ottenere una sospensione a singola cella. Centrifugare la sospensione a 110 g per 5 minuti.Rimuovere il supernatante e rimescolare le cellule in 1 ml di tubo allo 0,05% in EDTA. Incubare la sospensione cellulare in 37 gradi Celsius per 10 minuti. E poi aggiungere un volume equivalente di inibitore della triptina di soia per fermare l'attività della tripsina.Pipettare la sospensione cellulare su e giù per assicurarsi che la tripina sia stata completamente inattivata. Centrifugare la sospensione cellulare a 110 g per 5 minuti. Rimuovere il supernatante e rimescolare le cellule in 1 ml di mezzo completo di cellule staminali neurali e contare il numero di cellule.Placcare le cellule al mezzo delle cellule staminali neurali nel pallone di coltura tissutale di dimensioni adeguate. Trasferire 5 ml da 2T25, 20 ml a T75 e 40 ml a mastri T175. Le neurosfere appariranno dopo 3 giorni di coltura a 37 gradi Celsius in un incubatore umidificato con 5%CO2.Per succhiare la coltura le neurosfere, trasferire il mezzo con neurosfere sospese alla centrifuga per centrifugare a 110 g per 5 minuti, quindi scartare il supernatante. A 1 ml di 0,05% di tripside EDTA e incubare a 37 gradi Celsius per 10 minuti. Quindi inattivare la tripina usando l'inibitore della tirpsina di soia e pipettare delicatamente le neurosfere su e giù per renderle singole cellule.Centrifugare la sospensione cellulare a 110 g per 5 minuti. Scartare il supernatante e rimescolare le cellule in 1 ml di mezzo di cellule staminali neurali. Queste celle sono pronte per la coltura o la coltura del prossimo passo su laminato e superficie completamente rivestita per esperimenti avanzati.Coltivando un milione di cellule staminali neurali primarie dopo sette giorni il numero di cellule aumenterà fino a tre o quattro milioni. Dopo sei-sette giorni le sfere dovrebbero misurare tra i 150 e i 200 micrometri di diametro e saranno pronte per la sottocoltura su piatti rivestiti in poli ornitina in laminato in assenza di bFGF ed EGF per la differenziazione neuronale. I risultati del saggio di citometria a flusso mostrano che quasi il 95% delle cellule che costituiscono le neurosfere erano positive alla Nestina, che è un marcatore noto per le cellule staminali neurali.I test che utilizzano anticorpi beta tubulina III e proteina fibrosa ganglio rivelano che coltivando cellule staminali neurali su superficie rivestita circa il 94% ha mostrato fenotipo neuronale e circa il 5% mostra fenotipo gliale. In questo breve video una tecnica di laboratorio per un rapido isolamento delle cellule staminali neurali da 13 eminenza ganglionica dell'embrione di topo. Spero che avrai successo nella tua cultura delle cellule staminali neurali.

isolation-and-culture-of-embryonic-mouse-neural-stem-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Dissection and Culture of Commissural Neurons from Embryonic Spinal Cord

Commissural neurons have been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying axon guidance during embryonic spinal cord development. The cell bodies of these neurons are located in the dorsal spinal cord and their axons follow stereotyped trajectories during embryonic development. Commissural axons initially project ventrally towards the floorplate. After crossing the midline, these axons turn anteriorly and project towards the brain. Each of these steps is regulated by the action of several guidance cues. Cultures highly enriched in commissural neurons are ideally suited for many experiments addressing the mechanisms of axon pathfinding, including turning assays, immunochemistry and biochemistry. Here, we describe a method to dissect and culture commissural neurons from E13 rat dorsal spinal cord. First, the spinal cord is isolated and dorsal strips are dissected out. The dorsal tissue is then dissociated into a cell suspension by trypsinization and mechanical disruption. Neurons are plated onto poly-L-lysine-coated glass coverslips or tissue-culture dishes. After 30 hours in vitro, most neurons have extended an axon. The purity of the culture (Yam et al. 2009), typically over 90%, can be assessed by immunolabeling with the commissural neuron markers DCC, LH2 and TAG1 (Helms and Johnson, 1998). This neuronal preparation is a useful tool for in vitro studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of commissural axon growth and guidance during spinal cord development.

This video demonstrates a method to dissect and culture commissural neurons from E13 rat dorsal spinal cord. Dissociated commissural neurons are useful to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of axon growth and guidance.

Dissezione e la cultura di neuroni embrionali commissurali da midollo spinale

Commissural neurons have been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying axon guidance during embryonic spinal cord development. The cell bodies ...

Ricerca

Neuroscienze

Isolation and Expansion of the Adult Mouse Neural Stem Cells Using the Neurosphere Assay

Isolation and expansion of the putative neural stem cells (NSCs) from the adult murine brain was first described by Reynolds and Weiss in 1992 employing a chemically defined serum-free culture system known as the neurosphere assay (NSA). In this assay, the majority of differentiated cell types die within a few days of culture but a small population of growth factor responsive precursor cells undergo active proliferation in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and/ basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF). These cells form colonies of undifferentiated cells called neurospheres, which in turn can be subcultured to expand the pool of neural stem cells. Moreover, the cells can be induced to differentiate, generating the three major cell types of the CNS i.e. neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. This assay provides an invaluable tool to supply a consistent, renewable source of undifferentiated CNS precursors, which could be used for in vitro studies and also for therapeutic purposes.
This video demonstrates the NSA method to generate and expand NSCs from the adult mouse periventricular region, and provides technical insights to ensure one can achieve reproducible neurosphere cultures. The procedure includes harvesting the brain from the adult mouse, micro-dissection of the periventricular region, tissue preparation and culture in the NSA. The harvested tissue is first chemically digested using trypsin-EDTA and then mechanically dissociated in NSC medium to achieve a single cell suspension and finally plated in the NSA. After 7-10 days in culture, the resulting primary neurospheres are ready for subculture to reach the amount of cells required for future experiments.

This video protocol demonstrates the neurosphere assay method to generate and expand neural stem cells from the adult mouse periventricular region, and provides technical insights to ensure one can achieve reproducible neurosphere cultures.

Isolamento ed espansione della cellule staminali neurali del mouse utilizzando il saggio neurosfere

Isolation and expansion of the putative neural stem cells (NSCs) from the adult murine brain was first described by Reynolds and Weiss in 1992 employing a ...

Establishing Embryonic Mouse Neural Stem Cell Culture Using the Neurosphere Assay

In mammalians, stem cells acts as a source of undifferentiated cells to maintain cell genesis and renewal in different tissues and organs during the life span of the animal. They can potentially replace cells that are lost in the aging process or in the process of injury and disease. The existence of neural stem cells (NSCs) was first described by Reynolds and Weiss (1992) in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) using a novel serum&#8208;free culture system, the neurosphere assay (NSA). Using this assay, it is also feasible to isolate and expand NSCs from different regions of the embryonic CNS. These in vitro expanded NSCs are multipotent and can give rise to the three major cell types of the CNS. While the NSA seems relatively simple to perform, attention to the procedures demonstrated here is required in order to achieve reliable and consistent results. This video practically demonstrates NSA to generate and expand NSCs from embryonic day 14-mouse brain tissue and provides technical details so one can achieve reproducible neurosphere cultures. The procedure includes harvesting E14 mouse embryos, brain microdissection to harvest the ganglionic eminences, dissociation of the harvested tissue in NSC medium to gain a single cell suspension, and finally plating cells in NSA culture. After 5-7 days in culture, the resulting primary neurospheres are passaged to further expand the number of the NSCs for future experiments.

This video protocol demonstrates the application of the neurosphere assay for the isolation and expansion of neural stem cells from the ganglionic eminences of embryonic day 14-mouse brain.

Stabilire embrionali di topo Neural Stem Cell Culture del saggio di neurosfere

In mammalians, stem cells acts as a source of undifferentiated cells to maintain cell genesis and renewal in different tissues and organs during the life ...

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Stem Cells from Human Hair Follicles

Hair follicles undergo lifelong growth and hair cycle is a well-controlled process involving stem cell proliferation and quiescence. Hair bulge is a well-characterized niche for adult stem cells1. This segment of the outer root sheath contains a number of different types of stem cells, including epithelial stem cells2, melanocyte stem cells3 and neural crest like stem cells4-7. Hair follicles represent an accessible and rich source for different types of human stem cells. We and others have isolated neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) from human fetal and adult hair follicles4,5. These human stem cells are label-retaining cells and are capable of self-renewal through asymmetric cell division in vitro. They express immature neural crest cell markers but not differentiation markers. Our expression profiling study showed that they share a similar gene expression pattern with murine skin immature neural crest cells. They exhibit clonal multipotency that can give rise to myogenic, melanocytic, and neuronal cell lineages after in vitro clonal single cell culture. Differentiated cells not only acquire lineage-specific markers but also demonstrate appropriate functions in ex vivo conditions. In addition, these NCSCs show differentiation potential toward mesenchymal lineages. Differentiated neuronal cells can persist in mouse brain and retain neuronal differentiation markers. It has been shown that hair follicle derived NCSCs can help nerve regrowth, and they improve motor function in mice transplanted with these stem cells following transecting spinal cord injury8. Furthermore, peripheral nerves have been repaired with stem cell grafts9, and implantation of skin-derived precursor cells adjacent to crushed sciatic nerves has resulted in remyelination10. Therefore, the hair follicle/skin derived NCSCs have already shown promising results for regenerative therapy in preclinical models.
Somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has shown enormous potential for regenerative medicine. However, there are still many issues with iPS cells, particularly the long term effect of oncogene/virus integration and potential tumorigenicity of pluripotent stem cells have not been adequately addressed. There are still many hurdles to be overcome before iPS cells can be used for regenerative medicine. Whereas the adult stem cells are known to be safe and they have been used clinically for many years, such as bone marrow transplant. Many patients have already benefited from the treatment. Autologous adult stem cells are still preferred cells for transplantation. Therefore, the readily accessible and expandable adult stem cells in human skin/hair follicles are a valuable source for regenerative medicine.

This article presents a robust protocol for isolation and culture of neural crest stem cells from human hair follicles.

L&#39;isolamento e la coltura di cellule staminali neurali Crest di follicoli dei capelli umani

Hair follicles undergo lifelong growth and hair cycle is a well-controlled process involving stem cell proliferation and quiescence. Hair bulge is a ...

Lectin-based Isolation and Culture of Mouse Embryonic Motoneurons

Spinal motoneurons develop towards postmitotic stages through early embryonic nervous system development and subsequently grow out dendrites and axons. Neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube that express Nkx6.1 are the unique precursor cells for spinal motoneurons1. Though postmitotic motoneurons move towards their final position and organize themselves into columns along the spinal tract2,3. More than 90% of all these differentiated and positioned motoneurons express the transcription factors Islet 1/2. They innervate the muscles of the limbs as well as those of the body and the inner organs. Among others, motoneurons typically express the high affinity receptors for brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), the tropomyosin-related kinase B and C (TrkB, TrkC). They do not express the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA)4. Beside the two high affinity receptors, motoneurons do express the low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75NTR. The p75NTR can bind all neurotrophins with similar but lower affinity to all neurotrophins than the high affinity receptors would bind the mature neurotrophins. Within the embryonic spinal cord, the p75NTR is exclusively expressed by the spinal motoneurons5. This has been used to develop motoneuron isolation techniques to purify the cells from the vast majority of surrounding cells6. Isolating motoneurons with the help of specific antibodies (panning) against the extracellular domains of p75NTR has turned out to be an expensive method as the amount of antibody used for a single experiment is high due to the size of the plate used for panning. A much more economical alternative is the use of lectin. Lectin has been shown to specifically bind to p75NTR as well7. The following method describes an alternative technique using wheat germ agglutinin for a preplating procedure instead of the p75NTR antibody. The lectin is an extremely inexpensive alternative to the p75NTR antibody and the purification grades using lectin are comparable to that of the p75NTR antibody. Motoneurons from the embryonic spinal cord can be isolated by this method, survive and grow out neurites.

An alternative way of isolating mouse embryonic motoneurons from the spinal cord is described. The method takes into account the fact that lectin can bind to the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75NTR. This lectin-based preplating allows a purification similar to that with a specific antibody against the p75NTR.

Lectina a base di isolamento e la coltura del mouse motoneuroni embrionali

Spinal motoneurons develop towards postmitotic stages through early embryonic nervous system development and subsequently grow out dendrites and axons. ...

Isolation and Culture of Rat Embryonic Neural Cells: A Quick Protocol

We are describing a quick method to dissociate and culture hippocampal or cortical neurons from E15-17 rat embryos. The procedure can be applied successfully to the isolation of mouse and human primary neurons and neural progenitors. Dissociated neurons are maintained in serum-free medium up to several weeks. These cultures can be used for nucleofection, immunocytochemistry, nucleic acids preparation, as well as electrophysiology. Older neuronal cultures can also be transfected with a good efficiency rate by lentiviral transduction and, less efficiently, with calcium phosphate or lipid-based methods such as lipofectamine.

We describe a rapid methodology to isolate and culture hippocampal and cortical neurons from rodent embryos. This protocol allows us to perform experiments in which nearly pure neuronal cultures are required.

Isolamento e la coltura di cellule embrionali neuronali di ratto: un protocollo veloce

We are describing a quick method to dissociate and culture hippocampal or cortical neurons from E15-17 rat embryos. The procedure can be applied ...

Expansion of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells by In Utero Electroporation or Viral Stereotaxic Injection

Somatic stem cells can divide to generate additional stem cells (expansion) or more differentiated cell types (differentiation), which is fundamental for tissue formation during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis during adulthood 1. Currently, great efforts are invested towards controlling the switch of somatic stem cells from expansion to differentiation because this is thought to be fundamental for developing novel strategies for regenerative medicine 1,2. However, a major challenge in the study and use of somatic stem cell is that their expansion has been proven very difficult to control.
Here we describe a system that allows the control of neural stem/progenitor cell (altogether referred to as NSC) expansion in the mouse embryonic cortex or the adult hippocampus by manipulating the expression of the cdk4/cyclinD1 complex, a major regulator of the G1 phase of the cell cycle and somatic stem cell differentiation 3,4. Specifically, two different approaches are described by which the cdk4/cyclinD1 complex is overexpressed in NSC in vivo. By the first approach, overexpression of the cell cycle regulators is obtained by injecting plasmids encoding for cdk4/cyclinD1 in the lumen of the mouse telencephalon followed by in utero electroporation to deliver them to NSC of the lateral cortex, thus, triggering episomal expression of the transgenes 5-8. By the second approach, highly concentrated HIV-derived viruses are stereotaxically injected in the dentate gyrus of the adult mouse hippocampus, thus, triggering constitutive expression of the cell cycle regulators after integration of the viral construct in the genome of infected cells 9. Both approaches, whose basic principles were already described by other video protocols 10-14, were here optimized to i) reduce tissue damage, ii) target wide portions of very specific brain regions, iii) obtain high numbers of manipulated cells within each region, and iv) trigger high expression levels of the transgenes within each cell. Transient overexpression of the transgenes using the two approaches is obtained by different means i.e. by natural dilution of the electroporated plasmids due to cell division or tamoxifen administration in Cre-expressing NSC infected with viruses carrying cdk4/cyclinD1 flanked by loxP sites, respectively 9,15.
These methods provide a very powerful platform to acutely and tissue-specifically manipulate the expression of any gene in the mouse brain. In particular, by manipulating the expression of the cdk4/cyclinD1 complex, our system allows the temporal control of NSC expansion and their switch to differentiation, thus, ultimately increasing the number of neurons generated in the mammalian brain. Our approach may be critically important for basic research and using somatic stem cells for therapy of the mammalian central nervous system while providing a better understanding of i) stem cell contribution to tissue formation during development, ii) tissue homeostasis during adulthood, iii) the role of adult neurogenesis in cognitive functions, and perhaps, iv) better using somatic stem cells in models of neurodegenerative diseases.

Expansion of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells by In Utero Electroporation or Viral Stereotaxic Injection

Controlling the expansion of somatic stem cells is a major factor hampering their study and use in therapy. Here we describe a system to temporally control neural stem cells expansion during development and adulthood, which can be used to increase the number of neurons generated in the mouse brain.

Ampliamento della embrionali e cellule staminali neurali adulte per<em&gt; In Utero</em&gt; Elettroporazione o Viral iniezione stereotassica

Somatic stem cells can divide to generate additional stem cells (expansion) or more differentiated cell types (differentiation), which is fundamental for ...

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

The embryonic neural crest (NC) is a multipotent progenitor population that originates at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, undergoes an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migrates throughout the embryo, giving rise to diverse cell types 1-3. NC also has the unique ability to influence the differentiation and maturation of target organs4-6. When explanted in vitro, NC progenitors undergo self-renewal, migrate and differentiate into a variety of tissue types including neurons, glia, smooth muscle cells, cartilage and bone. 
NC multipotency was first described from explants of the avian neural tube7-9. In vitro isolation of NC cells facilitates the study of NC dynamics including proliferation, migration, and multipotency. Further work in the avian and rat systems demonstrated that explanted NC cells retain their NC potential when transplanted back into the embryo10-13. Because these inherent cellular properties are preserved in explanted NC progenitors, the neural tube explant assay provides an attractive option for studying the NC in vitro. 
To attain a better understanding of the mammalian NC, many methods have been employed to isolate NC populations. NC-derived progenitors can be cultured from post-migratory locations in both the embryo and adult to study the dynamics of post-migratory NC progenitors11,14-20, however isolation of NC progenitors as they emigrate from the neural tube provides optimal preservation of NC cell potential and migratory properties13,21,22. Some protocols employ fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate a NC population enriched for particular progenitors11,13,14,17. However, when starting with early stage embryos, cell numbers adequate for analyses are difficult to obtain with FACS, complicating the isolation of early NC populations from individual embryos. Here, we describe an approach that does not rely on FACS and results in an approximately 96% pure NC population based on a Wnt1-Cre activated lineage reporter23. 
The method presented here is adapted from protocols optimized for the culture of rat NC11,13. The advantages of this protocol compared to previous methods are that 1) the cells are not grown on a feeder layer, 2) FACS is not required to obtain a relatively pure NC population, 3) premigratory NC cells are isolated and 4) results are easily quantified. Furthermore, this protocol can be used for isolation of NC from any mutant mouse model, facilitating the study of NC characteristics with different genetic manipulations. The limitation of this approach is that the NC is removed from the context of the embryo, which is known to influence the survival, migration and differentiation of the NC2,24-28.

Isolation of embryonic neural crest from the neural tube facilitates the use of in vitro methods for studying migration, self-renewal, and multipotency of neural crest.

Isolamento e la coltura delle cellule della cresta neurale da Embryonic Murine tubo neurale

The embryonic neural crest (NC) is a multipotent progenitor population that originates at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, undergoes an epithelial to ...

Isolation and Culture of Endothelial Cells from the Embryonic Forebrain

Embryonic brain endothelial cells can serve as an important tool in the study of angiogenesis and neurovascular development and interactions. The two vascular networks of the embryonic forebrain, pial and periventricular, are spatially distinctive and have different origins and growth patterns. Endothelial cells from the pial and periventricular vascular networks have unique gene expression profiles and functions. Here we present a step-by-step protocol for isolation, culture, and verification of pure populations of endothelial cells from the periventricular vascular network (PVECs) of the embryonic forebrain (telencephalon). In this approach, telencephalon devoid of pial membrane obtained from embryonic day 15 mice is minced, digested with collagenase/dispase, and dispersed mechanically into a single cell suspension. PVECs are purified from cell suspension using positive selection with anti-CD-31/PECAM-1 antibody conjugated to MicroBeads using a strong magnetic separation method. Purified cells are cultured on collagen 1&#160;coated culture dishes in endothelial cell culture medium until they become confluent and further subcultured. PVECs obtained with this protocol exhibit cobblestone and spindle shaped phenotypes, as visualized by phase-contrast light microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Purity of PVEC cultures was established with endothelial cell markers. In our hands, this method reliably and consistently yields pure populations of PVECs. This protocol will benefit studies aimed at gaining mechanistic insights into forebrain angiogenesis, understanding PVEC interactions, and cross-talks with neuronal cell types and holds tremendous potential for therapeutic angiogenesis.

This video demonstrates an easy and reliable strategy for preparation of pure cultures of endothelial cells from the embryonic forebrain within 10-12 days and will be useful for research focused on many aspects of cerebral angiogenesis.

Isolamento e coltura di cellule endoteliali dal embrionali Forebrain

Embryonic brain endothelial cells can serve as an important tool in the study of angiogenesis and neurovascular development and interactions. The two ...

One Mouse, Two Cultures: Isolation and Culture of Adult Neural Stem Cells from the Two Neurogenic Zones of Individual Mice

The neurosphere assay and the adherent monolayer culture system are valuable tools to determine the potential (proliferation or differentiation) of adult neural stem cells in vitro. These assays can be used to compare the precursor potential of cells isolated from genetically different or differentially treated animals&#160;to determine the effects of exogenous factors on neural precursor cell proliferation and differentiation and to generate neural precursor cell lines that can be assayed over continuous passages. The neurosphere assay is traditionally used for the post-hoc identification of stem cells, primarily due to the lack of definitive markers with which they can be isolated from primary tissue&#160;and has the major advantage of giving a quick estimate of precursor cell numbers in brain tissue derived from individual animals. Adherent monolayer cultures, in contrast, are not traditionally used to compare proliferation between individual animals, as each culture is generally initiated from the combined tissue of between 5-8 animals. However, they have the major advantage that, unlike neurospheres, they consist of a mostly homogeneous population of precursor cells and are useful for following the differentiation process in single cells. Here, we describe, in detail, the generation of neurosphere cultures and, for the first time, adherent cultures from individual animals. This has many important implications including paired analysis of proliferation and/or differentiation potential in both the subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus (DG) of treated or genetically different mouse lines, as well as a significant reduction in animal usage.

Here we describe a detailed protocol for the simultaneous generation of neural precursor cell cultures, as either adherent monolayers or neurospheres, from the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus of individual adult mice.

Un mouse, due culture: isolamento e la coltura di Adult Neural Stem Cells dalle due zone neurogena Mice individuale

The neurosphere assay and the adherent monolayer culture system are valuable tools to determine the potential (proliferation or differentiation) of adult ...