Name: evaluating targeting accuracy in the focal plane for an ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound phased-array system
Uploaded: 2019-03-06T14:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluating Targeting Accuracy in the Focal Plane for an Ultrasound-guided High-intensity Focused Ultrasound Phased-array System at JoVE.com

This work has been supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81402522), the Shanghai Key Technology R&#38;D Program (17441907400) from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical Engineering Research Fund (YG2017QN40, YG2015ZD10). Zhonghui Medical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. is also acknowledged for providing the USgHIFU system. The authors thank Wenzhen Zhu and Junhui Dong for the phantom preparation and their assistance in the experiments.

1. Marker design and fabrication
<ol>
	<li>Design a square model using computer-aided design software. Set each side as sticks with lengths of 40 mm and thicknesses of 2 mm. Place a solid ball with a 10 mm diameter at each corner of the square model.</li>
	<li>Use acrylonitrile butadiene styrene photosensitive resin as the material for printing.</li>
	<li>Send the 3D model file to a manufacturer for fabrication.</li>
</ol>
2. Phantom preparation
<ol>
	<li>Attach a plastic cylinder (with a diam...

<ol>
	<li>Wang, S. B., He, C. C., Li, K., Ji, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design+of+a+112-channel+phased-array+ultrasonography-guided+focused+ultrasound+system+in+combination+with+switch+of+ultrasound+imaging+plane+for+tissue+ablation.">Design of a 112-channel phased-array ultrasonography-guided focused ultrasound system in combination with switch of ultrasound imaging plane for tissue ablation.</a> 2014 Symposium on Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications (SPAWDA). , 134-137 (2014).</li><li>Choi, J. 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Robotic components have been used for extracorporeal USgHIFU systems. To evaluate the targeting accuracy of such systems, reference markers11,12,18, in vitro tissue17, tumor-mimic models, and temperature-sensitive phantoms have been used alone or in combination10,20. Compared with the protocols in those studies, this method is more clinically rele...

The phased array is increasingly designed and equipped in HIFU systems1,2,3,4,5,6,7. In USgHIFU phased-array systems, a US imaging probe is usually mounted in the central hole of the spherical HIFU transducer1,2,8. The probe is rotatable for targeting and image reconstruction in the three-dimensional space9. Precise targeting is required for the safety and efficacy of HIFU treatment. However, most of the studies for the evaluation of targeting accuracy have been performed for magnetic resonance-guided HIFU systems or USgHIFU systems configured with a self-focused HIFU transducer10,11,12,13,14,15,16. The purpose of the method described below is to evaluate the targeting accuracy in the focal plane for USgHIFU phased array systems.
A bovine muscle/marker-embedded phantom along the clinically relevant beam path is used in the evaluation of the targeting accuracy of a clinical USgHIFU phased-array system. A square model with four balls at the corners is fabricated and embedded, in combination with bovine muscle, into the transparent phantom. A regular hexagon is selected as the target based on the positions of the centers of four balls identified in the reconstructed US image on the treatment plane. After HIFU sonications, the treatment plane of the phantom is scanned, and the boundary of the lesion, as well as the positions of the four balls, can be determined in the scanned image. The targeting accuracy can be evaluated by measuring the distance between the centers of target and lesion, as well as three derivative parameters.
The method is simpler than the measurement of the targeting error using robotic movement with a specific reference object11,17,18 and more clinically relevant in comparison to the method based on single focal spot ablation in a homogeneous phantom10. This method can be used in the evaluation of the targeting accuracy of USgHIFU phased array systems. It can be also used for other USgHIFU systems equipped with self-focused HIFU transducers.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:849px;" width="849">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:233px;">Acrylamide</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">Amresco</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">D403-2</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Acrylic baseboard</td>
			<td>LAO NIAO STORES</td>
			<td>customized</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Acrylic cylindrical water tank&#160;</td>
			<td>LAO NIAO STORES</td>
			<td>customized</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ammonium persulfate</td>
			<td>Yatai United Chemical Co., Ltd (Wuxi, China)</td>
			<td>2017-03-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Beaker</td>
			<td>East China Chemical Reagent Instrument Store</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bis-acrylamide</td>
			<td>Amresco</td>
			<td>M0172</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bovine muscle</td>
			<td>Market</td>
			<td style="width:160px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Chopping board</td>
			<td>JIACHI</td>
			<td dir="LTR">JC-ZB40</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cylindrical plastic&#160;phantom holder</td>
			<td>QIYINPAI</td>
			<td>customized</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Degassed deionized water</td>
			<td style="width:276px;"></td>
			<td style="width:160px;"></td>
			<td>made by the USgHIFU system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Electric balance</td>
			<td>YINGHENG</td>
			<td>11119453359</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glass rod</td>
			<td>East China Chemical Reagent Instrument Store</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Knife</td>
			<td>SHIBAZI</td>
			<td dir="LTR">SL1210-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mask</td>
			<td>Medicom</td>
			<td>2498</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">N,N,N&#8217;,N&#8217;&#8211;Tetramethylethylenediamine</td>
			<td>Zhanyun Chemical Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rubber glove</td>
			<td>AMMEX</td>
			<td>YZB/MAL 0587-2018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Scanner</td>
			<td>Fuji Xerox</td>
			<td>DocuPrint M268dw</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Screwdriver</td>
			<td>Stanley</td>
			<td>T6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Silica gel</td>
			<td>GE</td>
			<td>381</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Square model</td>
			<td>QIYINPAI</td>
			<td>customized</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Stainless steel spoons</td>
			<td>East China Chemical Reagent Instrument Store</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sucker</td>
			<td>East China Chemical Reagent Instrument Store</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Swine muscle</td>
			<td>Market</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">USgHIFU system</td>
			<td>Zhonghui Medical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>SUA-I</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

evaluating targeting accuracy in the focal plane for an ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound phased-array system

Phased arrays are increasingly used as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) transducers in the existing extracorporeal ultrasound-guided HIFU (USgHIFU) systems. The HIFU transducers in such systems are usually spherical in shape with a central hole where a US imaging probe is mounted and can be rotated. The image on the plane of treatment can be reconstructed through the image sequence acquired during the rotation of the probe. Therefore, the treatment plan can be made on the reconstructed images. In order to evaluate the targeting accuracy in the focal plane of such systems, the protocol of a method using a bovine muscle and marker-embedded phantom is described. In the phantom, four solid balls at the corners of a square resin model serve as the reference markers in the reconstructed image. The target should be moved so that both its center and the center of the square model can coincide according to their relative positions in the reconstructed image. Swine muscle with a thickness of about 30 mm is placed above the phantom to mimic the beam path in clinical settings. After sonication, the treatment plane in the phantom is scanned and the boundary of the associated lesion is extracted from the scanned image. The targeting accuracy can be evaluated by measuring the distance between the centers of target and lesion, as well as three derivative parameters. This method cannot only evaluate the targeting accuracy of the target consisting of multiple focal spots rather than a single focal spot in a clinically relevant beam path of the USgHIFU phased-array system, but it can be also used in the preclinical evaluation or regular maintenance of USgHIFU systems configured with phased-array or self-focused HIFU transducer.

We made phantoms dedicated to evaluating the targeting accuracy of a clinical USgHIFU phased-array system with the targets of three different sizes. Figure 1 displays the US image at angles of 0&#176; and 90&#176;. The interfaces are clear, and the sticks of the square model are bright in the US images. Figure 2 demonstrates the reconstructed US image in the treatment plane and the focal spots of the largest target. The centers o...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluating Targeting Accuracy in the Focal Plane for an Ultrasound-guided High-intensity Focused Ultrasound Phased-array System at JoVE.com

Evaluating Targeting Accuracy in the Focal Plane for an Ultrasound-guided High-intensity Focused Ultrasound Phased-array System

This study describes a protocol to evaluate the targeting accuracy in the focal plane of an ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound phased-array system.

Phased arrays are increasingly used as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) transducers in the existing extracorporeal ultrasound-guided HIFU ...

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