Name: visualizing uniaxial-strain manipulation of antiferromagnetic domains in fe1+yte using a spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope
Uploaded: 2019-03-24T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope at JoVE.com

p. a. 感谢美国国家科学基金会 (NSF) 的支持, 该奖项获得第1号奖励。DMR-1654482。在波兰国家科学中心 201.1 b/ST/425 赠款的支持下, 进行了材料综合。

注: u 形机身由416级不锈钢制成, 刚性好, 热膨胀系数 (CTE) 低, ~ 9.9μm/c (mi-°c), 而304级不锈钢的热膨胀系数为17.3 微米/(mi-°c)。
1. 机械单轴应变装置
<ol><li>清洁 u 形装置、千分尺螺钉 (1–72相当于每英寸72次旋转)、贝尔维尔弹簧盘和基板, 先在丙酮中分别对其进行声纳处理, 然后在异丙醇中, 在超声波浴超声器中使用20分钟。这将删除任何纯化粒子。这个过程应该在引擎盖中进行?...

<ol>
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将样品移动到 STM 内部所需的所有操作都是使用一组手臂机械手进行的。STM 通过液氮和液氦在低温下保持, 样品冷却至少12小时后再接近。这使得样品和显微镜温度达到热平衡。为了隔离电噪声和声学噪声, STM 被放置在声学和射频屏蔽室。显微镜头进一步悬浮在弹簧上, 以优化仪器稳定性。样品阶段可以翻译几毫米, 使访问的不同部分的1毫米应变样品。
由于单轴压力是此处描?...

立方和铁基超导体中的高温超导是量子物质1,2的一种有趣的状态。理解超导的一个主要挑战是各种破碎对称态在当地交织在一起的性质, 如电子向列相和测量相 (打破电子状态的旋转和平移对称性),超导性 3,4,5,6,7。操纵和故意调整这些破碎的对称态是理解和控制超导的一个关键目标。
控制应变, 单轴和双轴, 是一个成熟的技术, 调整集体电子状态在凝聚态系统8,9,10, 11, 12, 13,14,15,16,17, 18,19, 20,21, 22岁这种清洁调谐, 不引入化学兴奋剂紊乱, 常用于各种实验中, 以调谐散装电子特性23,24,25,26.例如, 单轴压力已被证明对 Sr2ruo413和 cuprates 27 中的超导性以及铁基超导体的结构、磁力和向列相变有巨大影响10,14,28,29 , 最近在调整 smb624 的拓扑状态中得到了证明。然而, 在表面敏感技术 (如 stm 和角度分辨光发射光谱 (arpes)) 中使用应变仅限于在不匹配的基板 26、30上的情景生长薄膜中。在表面敏感实验中, 将应变应用于单晶的主要挑战是需要在超高真空 (UHV) 中对应变样品进行切割。在过去的几年里, 另一个方向是在压电堆栈9、10、18、31 或热膨胀系数不同的板上环氧树脂薄样品 19 ,32岁。然而, 在这两种情况下, 施加的应变的大小都相当有限。
在这里, 我们演示了一种新型的机械单轴应变装置的使用, 该装置允许研究人员在不受约束的情况下对样品进行应变 (压缩应变), 并使用 STM 同时可视化其表面结构 (见图 1)。例如, 我们使用 Fe1 +yte 的单晶,其中 y = 0.10, 铁硫化超导体的父化合物 (y 是多余的铁浓度)。低于tn = ~ 60 k, fe1 +yte 从高温顺磁状态过渡到具有双线性条纹磁性顺序26, 33 的低温反铁磁状态,34 (见图 3a. b)。磁性转变还伴随着从四边形到单斜 26、35的结构转变。平面内 AFM 顺序形成解吸域, 自旋结构指向正交结构34的长 b 方向.通过用自旋偏振 STM 可视化 AFM 顺序, 我们探测了无应变 fe 1+yte 样本中的双向域结构, 并观察了它们在施加应变下向单个大域的过渡 (参见图则. 图 3C-E)。这些实验表明, 利用本文提供的单轴应变装置成功地对单晶进行了表面调谐, 对样品进行了裂解, 并利用扫描隧道显微镜对其表面结构进行了同步成像。图 1显示了机械应变装置的原理图和图片。

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Belleville spring disks</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">McMaster Carr</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Fe(1.1)Te</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Single Crystal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">H20E</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Epoxy Technology</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">H74F</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Epoxy Technology</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micrometer screws</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">McMaster Carr</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Stainless Steel sheets (416)</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">McMaster Carr</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

visualizing uniaxial-strain manipulation of antiferromagnetic domains in fe1+yte using a spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope

对相关电子系统理解的探索推动了实验测量的前沿发展新的实验技术和方法。在这里, 我们使用了一个新的国产单轴应变装置集成到我们的可变温度扫描隧道显微镜, 使我们能够控制操作平面内单轴应变的样品, 并探测他们的电子响应在原子尺度。利用自旋偏振技术的扫描隧道显微镜 (STM), 我们在铁1 +yte 样品中可视化了反铁磁域及其原子结构, 该样品是铁基超导体的父化合物,证明了这些域如何响应所应用的单轴应变。我们观察了平均域大小约为 50-150 nm 的无应变样品中的双向 AFM 域, 在施加单轴应变下过渡到一个单向域。本文的研究结果为利用 STM 中一个有价值的调谐参数以及其他光谱技术, 在量子材料系统中的电子特性调谐和诱导对称性断裂开辟了新的方向。

STM 拓扑是在恒流模式下测量的, 对样品应用的设定值偏差为-12 meV, 在尖端上收集的设定值电流为-1.5 nA。Pt-Ir 提示用于所有实验。为了实现自旋偏振 STM, 扫描隧道显微镜尖端必须涂覆磁性原子, 这可能是相当具有挑战性的。在研究 Fe1 +y te的情况下, 样本本身提供了实现此目的的简单方法。多余的铁 (铁 1 +yte) 在切割表面上被弱地...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope at JoVE.com

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

利用自旋偏振扫描隧道显微镜对 fe 1+yTe 中的反铁磁领域进行单轴应变操作

利用单轴应变结合自旋偏振扫描隧道显微镜, 对铁基超导体的母质化合物fe1+y te 的反铁磁域结构进行了可视化和操作。

The quest to understand correlated electronic systems has pushed the frontiers of experimental measurements toward the development of new experimental ...

该协议非常重要，因为它是单轴应变设备与扫描隧道显微镜集成的可视化效果。它既涉及应用应变，也涉及可视化SDM中结构域的操作。这种技术的主要优点是，它允许增加应变量，因为它是一个机械装置。它的表面效果能够可视化使用扫描隧道显微镜。在高温超导体中，通过刻意调整和操纵断裂的对称状态，可以控制和理解超导性。这个过程可以应用于任何材料，只要它是一个单一的晶体，它是SDM兼容。有很多设备测试来确定设置对不同条件的响应，包括可以达到多少应变。这是一个非常具有挑战性的实验，耐心和绝对理解你在做什么是关键。此过程的可视化演示至关重要，因为它提供了对 SDM 的创建和使用（SDM）的见解，这是一个复杂的过程。首先，拆解 U 形设备并放入丙酮中。通过声化设备、千分尺螺钉、Belleville 弹簧盘和底板，清洁设备 20 分钟。然后，将它们转移到异丙醇中，并再声化20分钟。清洁后，在烤箱中烘烤设备组件 15 至 20 分钟，以去除任何水残留物并除气。然后，使用锋利的剃须刀将铁片样品切割为一毫米，将大小缩短为0.1毫米。最后，将零件组装在一起。u 内部的开口为 1 毫米，可由位于设备侧面的一对千分尺螺钉调整为更小或大。在两个独立的菜肴中，根据环氧树脂数据表上的说明混合银环氧树脂和非导电环氧树脂。然后，应用一层薄薄的银环氧树脂来创建电接触，并在一毫米间隙上安装样品，以便其长轴沿铁质样品的 b 轴方向。将样品架和样品放入对流烤箱中，烘烤15分钟，再次固化环氧树脂。样品冷却后，用非导电环氧树脂覆盖其两侧，使样品牢固地支撑在设备上。然后，把它放回烤箱，以治愈环氧树脂。使用光学显微镜，从各个角度检查样品的位置，以检查样品两侧与间隙的平行对齐。现在准备了所有东西，开始应用压缩应变，在观察样品表面的同时旋转千分尺螺钉 50 度。施加压力后，样品不应有裂纹或弯曲。接下来，将设备拧入底板。固定后，将基板的薄银环氧树脂层涂抹到 U 形器件上，在样品和板之间产生电气接触。将样品放入烤箱以固化环氧树脂。冷却后，使用万用表检查电气触点。然后，使用一层薄的不导电环氧树脂将铝柱粘在样品上，使铝柱垂直于 ab 切割平面。帖子的大小应与样本相同。当柱正确定位时，烘烤组装设备，直到环氧树脂固化。首先，将设备放入可变温度超高真空扫描隧道显微镜的装载坞，将设备转移到扫描隧道显微镜上。使用臂操纵器，在室温下在超高真空中敲掉铝柱，露出刚切割的表面。立即将设备与另一组操纵器一起原地转移到扫描隧道显微镜室，进入显微镜头，显微镜头已冷却到九度卡尔文。在执行下一步之前，让样品在一夜之间冷却到 9 度，并在实验过程中保持此温度。达到温度平衡后，在每次实验前准备铂钛尖端，在一个铜表面上进行场发射，经过几轮溅射和退火处理。使用显微镜中压电材料施加的电压，移动样品级以与尖端对齐。然后接近示例。一旦尖端离样品和示波器上的隧道电流寄存器只有几个离样品，它就可以进行地形图了。这里是一个10纳米的原子分辨率地形图像，一个未紧张的铁告诉单晶体。所见的原子结构与切割样品后暴露的原子相对应。地形的 4DA 变换显示图像角沿与原子布拉格峰对应的 a 和 b 方向的四个尖锐峰值。与第一张图像相比，此地形图显示了用磁尖获得的地形图。观察到周期为轴的晶格周期为两倍的单向条纹。这个地形图的4DA变换显示除了布拉格峰，一对新的卫星峰，对应于一半的布拉格峰时刻，因此两倍于实际空间波长。新结构对应于表面下方铁原子的 AFM 条纹顺序。在未约束的样品双域边界的某些部分存在具有长 b 轴的晶体结构以及伴随的 AFM 条带顺序旋转 90 度的位置。在这里，您可以观察到 AFM 双域边界的 25 纳米地形。此区域的 4DA 变换显示两对 AFM 顺序，由绿色和黄色圆圈突出显示。每个磁域在 4DA 变换中只贡献一对峰值。对于应变的样品，由于对样品施加的单轴压力，只能看到一个域。在这里，显示一个大型地形，其总面积约为 1.75 微米，即 0.75 微米，是无应变样品中总面积的两倍多。每个地形图的 4DA 变换仅显示一对 AFM 峰值，仅指示此应变样本上的单个域。尝试此过程时要考虑的最重要的事情是您的最终目标。了解为什么应用单轴应变应指导您了解样品方向和应用多少应变。按照此过程，应变装置还可以与其他技术集成，如 X 射线衍射、同振弹性 X 射线散射和角解析光射光谱。SDM是一种强大的技术，能够使一个人可视化量子材料中的电子。这些材料对外部扰动（如应变）非常敏感，因此单轴应变集成SDM技术将允许人们以电子方式调整这些材料，并可视化对应变的反应，最终目的是了解超导性。

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Scanning-probe Single-electron Capacitance Spectroscopy

扫描探针单电子电容谱

The integration of low-temperature scanning-probe techniques and single-electron capacitance spectroscopy represents a powerful tool to study the ...

科研

工程学

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

对于扫描隧道显微学与库仑杂质制造门可调谐石墨烯器件

Owing to its relativistic low-energy charge carriers, the interaction between graphene and various impurities leads to a wealth of new physics and degrees ...

Visualizing Hyporheic Flow Through Bedforms Using Dye Experiments and Simulation

可视化潜流流通过底形用染料试验及仿真

Advective exchange between the pore space of sediments and the overlying water column, called hyporheic exchange in fluvial environments, drives solute ...

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope

通过扫描电子显微镜在半导体材料的扩展缺陷的全面表征

Extended defects such as dislocations and grain boundaries have a strong influence on the performance of microelectronic devices and on other applications ...

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

探测ç<sub&gt; 84</sub&gt; - 嵌入式硅衬底利用扫描探针显微镜和分子动力学

This paper reports an array-designed C84-embedded Si substrate fabricated using a controlled self-assembly method in an ultra-high vacuum chamber. The ...

Hand Controlled Manipulation of Single Molecules via a Scanning Probe Microscope with a 3D Virtual Reality Interface

通过手扫描探针显微镜用三维虚拟现实接口控制单分子的操作

Considering organic molecules as the functional building blocks of future nanoscale technology, the question of how to arrange and assemble such building ...

Studying Dynamic Processes of Nano-sized Objects in Liquid using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

使用扫描透射电子显微镜研究纳米大小的物体的动态过程中的液体

Samples fully embedded in liquid can be studied at a nanoscale spatial resolution with Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) using a ...

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact

由当地接触式扫描涡操纵SQUID研究

Local, deterministic manipulation of individual vortices in type 2 superconductors is challenging. The ability to control the position of individual ...

Precision Milling of Carbon Nanotube Forests Using Low Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy

碳纳米管森林精密铣床使用低压扫描电子显微镜

A nanoscale fabrication technique appropriate for milling carbon nanotube (CNT) forests is described. The technique utilizes an environmental scanning ...

Demonstration of a Hyperlens-integrated Microscope and Super-resolution Imaging

Hyperlens 综合显微镜和超分辨率成像的演示

The use of super-resolution imaging to overcome the diffraction limit of conventional microscopy has attracted the interest of researchers in biology and ...