Name: a uniaxial compression experiment with co2-bearing coal using a visualized and constant-volume gas-solid coupling test system
Uploaded: 2019-06-12T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了中国国家重大科学仪器开发项目(第51427804号)和山东省国家自然科学基金(授权号51427804)的支持。ZR2017MEE023)。

1. 样品制备
<ol><li>从新庄子煤矿的4671B6工作面收集原煤块。请注意,由于结构强度低和松散,原煤破碎,并可能与杂质混合。为了避免这些内部和外部因素的影响,以及尽可能减少煤的不均匀性,选择大型煤块(长约15厘米,宽10厘米,高10厘米)。</li>
	<li>使用钳子去除煤中混合的杂质,用吸水棉和乙醛擦洗破碎机室。</li>
	<li>用钳口破碎机将煤块粉碎成小块,并把它们放在装有6和16个网的标准屏幕的筛摇网中?...

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考虑到高压气体的危险,在测试过程中,一些关键步骤非常重要。应定期检查和更换阀门和 O 环,实验室内不得使用任何点火源。使用手动调压阀时,实验者应缓慢扭动阀门,使可视化容器内的压力逐渐增大。在测试期间不要拆解容器。实验完成后,在高压气体完全释放后,应打开容器的后门;否则,有受伤的危险。使用真空吸尘器从容器中取出所有煤块,以免在下次测试中影响气体吸附量。
<p class="jove_cont...

大气中CO2浓度的增加是造成全球变暖效应的直接因素。由于煤的吸附能力强,煤层中CO2的封存被认为是减少全球温室气体排放的实用、环保手段。同时,注入的CO2可以取代CH4,在煤层气回收(ECBM)4、5、6中促进天然气生产。CO2封存的生态和经济前景最近引起了全世界研究人员以及不同国际环保团体和政府机构的关注。
煤是一种异构的、结构上各向异性岩石,由毛孔、断裂和煤基质组成。孔隙结构具有较大的特定表面积,可吸附大量气体,在气体固存中起着至关重要的作用,断裂是自由气流7、8的主要路径。这种独特的物理结构为CH4和CO2带来了巨大的气体吸附能力。 矿井瓦斯以几种形式沉积在煤层中:(1)吸附在微孔和较大孔隙的表面;(2)吸收在煤分子结构中;(3)作为裂缝和大孔隙中的游气;(4)溶解在沉积水中。煤对CH4和CO2的吸附行为引起基质膨胀,进一步研究表明,这是一个异质过程,与煤石型9、10、11有关。此外,气体吸附可导致煤12、13、14的构成关系受损。
原煤样品一般用于煤和CO2耦合实验。具体来说,从煤矿工作面切割一大块原煤,准备样品。然而,由于煤层中天然孔隙和裂缝的随机空间分布,原煤的物理和机械性能不可避免地具有较高的分散度。此外,含气煤柔软,难以改造。根据正交实验方法的原理,用原煤粉和水泥重组的煤层,被认为是15、16号煤吸附试验的理想材料。由于金属模具的冷压,其强度可以通过调整水泥量来预设并保持稳定,有利于单变量效应的比较分析。此外,虽然煤层样品的孔隙度是+4-10倍,但在实验研究17、18中,已经发现了原煤样品的孔隙度、类似的吸附和解吸特性以及应力应变曲线。,19,20.本文采用了一种类似的含气煤材料方案,以制备煤层21。原煤取自中国安徽省淮南市新庄子煤矿4671B6工作面。煤层位于地下约450米,海平面以下360米,下降约15°,厚度约1.6米。煤块样品的高度和直径分别为100毫米和50毫米,这是国际岩石力学学会(ISRM)22建议的大小。
以前在实验室条件下进行气载煤实验的单轴或三轴载荷试验仪器存在一些不足和局限性,以研究员23、24、25、26提出 ,27、28:(1)在装载过程中,容器体积随活塞移动而减小,引起气体压力波动和气体吸附干扰;(2)样品的实时图像监测,以及高气压环境下的圆周变形测量,难以进行;(3) 它们仅限于刺激预加载样品的动态负载扰动,以分析其机械响应特性。为了提高气固耦合条件下的仪器精度和数据采集,开发了可视化且恒定体积的测试系统29(图1),包括(1)一个可视化装载容器,恒定体积室,这是核心组件;(2) 带真空通道、两个加注通道和释放通道的气体加注模块;(3) 由电动液压伺服通用测试机和控制机组成的轴向载荷模块;(4) 数据采集模块,由圆周位移测量装置、气体压力传感器和可视化装载容器窗口处的摄像头组成。
核心可视化容器(图2) 是专门设计的,以便两个调节油缸固定在上板上,其活塞与装载器通过梁同时移动,并且装载活塞的截面面积等于调整油缸的总和。流经内孔和软管,将容器中的高压气体和两个气缸连接在一起。因此,当容器装载活塞向下移动并压缩气体时,该结构可以抵消体积的变化并消除压力干扰。此外,在测试过程中防止了对活塞施加的巨大气体感应反作用力,大大提高了仪器的安全性。窗户装有钢化硼硅酸盐玻璃,位于容器的三面,为拍摄样品提供了直接途径。该玻璃已成功测试,并证明具有低膨胀率、高强度、透光性和化学稳定性,可抵抗高达10MPa气体。
本文介绍了使用新的可视化和恒量气固耦合测试系统对CO2轴承煤进行单轴压缩试验的过程,其中包括所有准备煤块的部件的描述样品使用原煤粉和酸钠,以及连续步骤注入高压CO2和进行单轴压缩。使用摄像机监控整个样品变形过程。该实验方法为量化分析含气煤的吸附性损伤和断裂演化特性提供了另一种方法。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>3Y-Leica MPV-SP photometer microphotometric system</td>
			<td>Leica,Germany</td>
			<td>M090063016</td>
			<td>Used for vitrinite 
			reflectance measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Automatic isotherm adsorption instrument</td>
			<td>BeiShiDe Instrument Technology (Beijing)CO.,Ltd.</td>
			<td>3H-2000PH</td>
			<td>Isothermal adsorption test</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electro hydraulic servo universal testing machine</td>
			<td>Jinan Shidaishijin testing machine CO.,Ltd</td>
			<td>WDW-100EIII</td>
			<td>Used to provide 
			axial pressure</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gas pressure sensor</td>
			<td>Beijing Star Sensor Technology CO.,LTD</td>
			<td>CYYZ11</td>
			<td>Gas pressure monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gas tank(carbon dioxide/helium)</td>
			<td>Heifei Henglong Gas.,Ltd</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Gas resource</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>high-speed camera</td>
			<td>Sony corporation</td>
			<td>FDR-AX30</td>
			<td>Image monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>Yuyao YuanDong Digital Instrument Factory</td>
			<td>XGQ-2000</td>
			<td>Briquette drying</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>jaw crusher</td>
			<td>Hebi Tianke Instrument CO.,Ltd</td>
			<td>EP-2</td>
			<td>Coal grinding</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Manual pressure reducing valve</td>
			<td>Shanghai Saergen Instrument CO.,Ltd</td>
			<td>R41</td>
			<td>Outlet gas pressure adjustment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Proximate Analyzer</td>
			<td>Changsha Kaiyuan Instrument CO.,Ltd</td>
			<td>5E-MAG6700</td>
			<td>Coal industrial analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Resistance strain gauge</td>
			<td>Jinan Sigmar Technology CO.,LTD</td>
			<td>ASMB3-16/8</td>
			<td>Poisson ratio measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sieve shaker (6,16mesh)</td>
			<td>Hebi Tianguan Instrument CO.,Ltd</td>
			<td>GZS-300</td>
			<td>Coal powder shelter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Soft pipe</td>
			<td>Jinan Quanxing High pressure pipe CO.,Ltd</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Inner diameter=5 mm 
			maximal pressure=30 MPa</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard rock sample circumferential deformation test apparatus</td>
			<td>Huainan Qingda Machinery CO.,Ltd</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Circumferential deformation 
			acquisition</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Strain controlled 
			direct shear apparatus</td>
			<td>Beijing Aerospace Huayu Test Instrument CO.,LTD</td>
			<td>ZJ-4A</td>
			<td>Tensile strength, cohesion, internal friction 
			angle measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vaccum pump</td>
			<td>Fujiwara,Japan</td>
			<td>750D</td>
			<td>Used to vaccumize the vessel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Valve</td>
			<td>Jiangsu Subei Valve Co.,Ltd</td>
			<td>S4 NS-MG16-MF1</td>
			<td>Gas seal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Visual loading vessel</td>
			<td>Huainan Qingda Machinery CO.,Ltd</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Instrument for sample 
			loading and real-time monitoring</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a uniaxial compression experiment with co2-bearing coal using a visualized and constant-volume gas-solid coupling test system

将二氧化碳(CO2)注入煤层深处,对于降低大气中温室气体的浓度,提高煤层气的回收率具有重要意义。本文介绍了一种可视化的恒量气固耦合系统,以探讨CO2吸附对煤炭物理和机械性能的影响。该系统能够保持恒定的体积并使用摄像机监控样品,为提高仪器精度和采用分形几何方法分析断裂演化提供了潜力。本文提供了使用气固耦合测试系统在不同CO2压力下对煤块样品进行单轴压缩试验的所有步骤。由原煤和胡配钠水泥冷压的煤壳被装在高压CO2中,并使用相机实时监测其表面。然而,煤层与原煤的相似性仍有待改进,甲烷(CH4)等可燃气体不能注入试验。结果表明,CO2吸附导致煤块的峰值强度和弹性模量减少,在失效状态下,煤块的断裂演化表明分形特性。强度、弹性模量和分形维数都与CO2压力相关,但与线性相关无关。可视化和恒量气固耦合试验系统可作为考虑多场耦合效应的岩石力学实验研究平台。

煤块样品的平均质量为230克,根据工业分析,煤灰的含水量为4.52%,灰分含量为15.52%。此外,挥发性含量约为31.24%。由于从煤中提取了胡酸钠,煤块的成分与原煤相似。物理特征显示在表 2中。
表3显示了原煤和煤层机械性能的比较,等温吸附试验证明了其气体吸附能力(图6)。试验中使用?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System at JoVE.com

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System

该协议演示如何准备一个煤块样品,并使用可视化且恒定的气体-固体耦合测试系统,对不同CO2压力下的风险进行单轴压缩实验。研究还旨在研究CO2吸附引起的煤物理和机械性能的变化。

使用可视化和恒定体积气体-固体耦合测试系统使用 CO2轴承煤的单轴压缩实验

Injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into a deep coal seam is of great significance for reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and ...

该方法有助于回答二氧化碳地质固存和煤层气回收领域有关煤的特性与气体吸附关系等关键问题。该技术的主要优点是静态和动态载荷可以在恒定的体积状态下应用于砖位，通过摄影监测将整个实验过程可视化。样品的种类没有特别的要求，因此这种方法可以适用于任何多孔岩石的机械测试。首先，重量为1000克和300克的粉煤，粒径分布为零至一毫米和一至三毫米。将它们放在一个质量比例为 0.76 到 0.24 的烧杯中，并使用六毫米直径的玻璃棒将它们混合好。要准备水泥，请将四克胡马特钠粉放入烧杯中，并加入约 96 毫米的蒸馏水。使用玻璃棒搅拌它们，并确保所有钠胡马特溶解良好。然后将230克混合煤粉和20克胡马特钠溶液混合在烧杯中。要用润滑油在成型工具的内表面生产标准尺寸的砖层涂层。组装工具部件底板、主体和环，用 250 克混合材料填充孔。将压活塞放在混合材料的顶部，将所有部件放在电液压伺服通用测试机的活塞下。启动软件 WinWdw 控制电液压伺服通用测试机。在软件中，单击力范围将最大力设置为 50 千吨，然后单击重置以清除位移值。左键单击选项强制加载控制。将移动比率设置为 0.1 千元/秒。将目标力值设置为 29.4 千吨，保持时间为 900 秒。然后单击"开始"。之后，拿出成型工具，并把它们倒到橡胶板上。使用橡胶锤按从底部到顶部的顺序拆卸刀具部件。将布里奎特放入40摄氏度的孵化器中48小时。首先，用高强度螺栓固定可视化容器的后门。将计算机、数据采集盒和嵌入式气体压力传感器连接到后门。要获取可视化容器中的气体压力数据，请启动软件数据采集传感器。在软件上，单击"开始"。打开阀 V1 并关闭 V2、V3 和 V4 以吸尘可视化容器室。30 分钟后关闭 V1 和真空泵。打开 V2 和带氦气的油箱。使用手动减压阀调节油箱的出气压力。仔细观察数据采集传感器 16 上显示的气体压力曲线。当它达到大约两兆帕斯卡尔关闭V2和油箱。然后在计算机上，启动软件 WinWdw 以测量负载活塞在测试机中向下移动的摩擦力。在软件中，单击力范围将最大力设置为五千新吨，然后单击重置以清除位移值。左键单击选项位移加载速率，将移动比率设置为每分钟 1 毫米。单击"开始"。打开 V4 并向空气中排放氦气。拆解可视化容器的后门并关闭 V4。使用精度为 0.02 毫米的更薄的卡钳测量砖的高度和直径。使用电子刻度以 0.01 克的精度称量砖的质量。将圆周变形测试装置的链辊安装在夹紧器的中间位置周围，并固定夹紧支架。通过可视化容器中的航空连接器将传感器与数据采集盒连接，并将其放在装载活塞下。为确保数据采集的准确性，请调整链条辊和辊子顶部表面，使它们与装载活塞平行。然后启动 WinWdw 来控制通用测试机。在软件中，左键单击选项位移加载速率。将移动比率设置为每分钟 10 毫米。在遥控器上，按下通用测试机的向下按钮，直到活塞和边缘之间的距离约为 1 到 2 毫米。然后组装可视化容器的后门。如以前一样对可视化容器室进行真空。接下来打开V3和气罐的二氧化碳纯度为99.99%使用手动减压值来调节油箱的出气压力。仔细观察数据采集传感器 16 中显示的气体压力曲线。当它接近目标值时，关闭 V3 和油箱。24小时吸附时间后，气体压力曲线保持稳定，气垫达到吸附和脱吸动态平衡状态。将带三脚架的摄像机放在可视化容器的窗口旁边，并调整高度和角度，以确保样品图像显示在摄像机屏幕的中心。启动软件 SDU 变形采集 v2.0 以监控边缘的圆周变形。单击"开始"。在 WinWdw 上，单击新样品并键入砖的高度和直径。单击分区区域，然后单击确认。单击力范围将最大力设置为五千新吨，然后单击重置以清除位移值。左键单击选项位移加载速率，将移动比设置为每分钟一毫米。单击"开始"可压缩示例。同时按相机上的启动按钮开始视频录制。当样本完全失效时，单击 WinWdw 和 SDU 变形采集 v2.0 中的停止和数据保存。然后再次按下相机上的"开始"按钮以停止视频录制。打开 V4 以释放容器中的二氧化碳，并拆解容器的后门。断开气体压力传感器和圆周变形测试装置的航空接头。左键单击 WinWdw 上的选件位移加载速率，将移动比率设置为每分钟 10 毫米。按下通用测试机遥控器上的上按按钮。当容器的装载活塞在两到三毫米以上时，将毛轮取出，将其从链辊上拆下。拆卸活塞之间的连接工具，并使用真空吸尘器清洁可视化容器。在本次实验中，等温吸附试验证明了原煤和煤层气吸附的甲烷气体吸附能力相似。试验中使用的砖样强度有一定波动，但对实验结果分析影响不大。当在不同的二氧化碳压力下，从零到两兆帕，应力轴向应变曲线表现出明显的压实、弹性和塑性变形阶段。随着二氧化碳压力的增加，煤样的峰值强度降低，其呈现非线性关系。在二氧化碳饱和条件下，弹性模量减少，弹性模量与气体压力的关系也降低。通过相机获得的图像会在不同的二氧化碳压力下，在样品表面发生断裂的演变。采用箱计数尺寸法来描述不同二氧化碳压力下失效状态断裂的特点。框数和侧长之间的相关系数都超过 0.95。分形维数的值与二氧化碳压力值成正比，其趋势表明其与煤体损伤程度相似。最重要的是对试验程序有一定了解，在岩石力学和高压气体运行实验中具有一定的经验。经过改进，该技术可为单轴或三轴载荷状态下多孔介质和气体耦合效应的研究提供一条方法。由于这种技术使用高压气罐，因此人们在加气和释放过程中需要小心操作。

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System

A Bending Test for Determining the Atterberg Plastic Limit in Soils

弯曲试验在土壤确定阿太堡限塑

The thread rolling test is the most commonly used method to determine the plastic limit (PL) in soils. It has been widely criticized, because a ...

科研

环境科学

Measuring and Mapping Patterns of Soil Erosion and Deposition Related to Soil Carbonate Concentrations Under Agricultural Management

农业经营条件下土壤侵蚀和沉积与土壤碳酸盐浓度关系的测量与制图

Spatial patterns of soil erosion and deposition can be inferred from differences in ground elevation mapped at appropriate time increments. Such changes ...

Techniques for Investigating the Anatomy of the Ant Visual System

蚂蚁视觉系统解剖学研究方法

This article outlines a suite of techniques in light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) which can be used to study the internal and external eye ...

High-pressure, High-temperature Deformation Experiment Using the New Generation Griggs-type Apparatus

新一代格雷型装置高压高温变形试验

In order to address geological processes at great depths, rock deformation should ideally be tested at high pressure (&#62; 0.5 GPa) and high temperature ...

On-Site Molecular Detection of Soil-Borne Phytopathogens Using a Portable Real-Time PCR System

用便携式实时 PCR 系统进行土壤载体 Phytopathogens 的现场分子检测

On-site diagnosis of plant diseases can be a useful tool for growers for timely decisions enabling the earlier implementation of disease management ...

Stress Distribution During Cold Compression of Rocks and Mineral Aggregates Using Synchrotron-based X-Ray Diffraction

基于同步辐射 x 射线衍射的岩石和矿物团聚体冷压缩应力分布

We report detailed procedures for performing compression experiments on rocks and mineral aggregates within a multi-anvil deformation apparatus (D-DIA) ...

Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris

高悬浮泥沙荷载和大型漂浮碎屑水生环境中 Microplastics 的取样、分类和表征

The ubiquitous presence of plastic debris in the ocean is widely recognized by the public, scientific communities, and government agencies. However, only ...

Measuring Stolons and Rhizomes of Turfgrasses Using a Digital Image Analysis System

利用数字图像分析系统测量草坪的茎和根状茎

Length and diameter of stolons or rhizomes are usually measured using simple rulers and calipers. This procedure is slow and laborious, so it is often ...

Quantifying Plant Soluble Protein and Digestible Carbohydrate Content, Using Corn (Zea mays) As an Exemplar

Quantifying Plant Soluble Protein and Digestible Carbohydrate Content, Using Corn Zea mays As an Exemplar

以玉米 (玉蜀黍) 为例量化植物可溶性蛋白和可消化碳水化合物含量

Elemental data are commonly used to infer plant quality as a resource to herbivores. However, the ubiquity of carbon in biomolecules, the presence of ...

Xylem Water Distribution in Woody Plants Visualized with a Cryo-scanning Electron Microscope

木本植物的赛莱默水分布,用低温扫描电子显微镜可视化

A scanning electron microscope installed cryo-unit (cryo-SEM) allows specimen observation at subzero temperatures and has been used for exploring water ...