Name: application of 3d printing in the construction of burr hole ring for deep brain stimulation implants
Uploaded: 2019-09-07T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of 3D Printing in the Construction of Burr Hole Ring for Deep Brain Stimulation Implants at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了广东省自然科学基金（No.2017A030313597）和南方医科大学（No.LX2016N006，号KJ20161102）。

1. 绘制毛刺孔环的二维 （2D） 图像
<ol><li>打开 2D 计算机辅助设计 （CAD） 软件，然后创建图形文档。</li>
	<li>单击"绘制 |在图形上绘制具有实心线的参照点。单击"修改 " |偏移，并在命令行中键入特定的偏移距离。</li>
	<li>单击对象，按鼠标左键创建实线。单击"修改 " |修剪，选择要修剪的区域，然后单击额外的行。</li>
	<li>以内毛刺孔环为例，根据 CAD 软件?...

<ol>
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Technical note.</a> Journal of Neurosurgery. 55 (6), 1004-1006 (1981).</li><li>Yamamoto, T., Katayama, Y., Kobayashi, K., Oshima, H., Fukaya, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dual-floor+burr+hole+adjusted+to+burr-hole+ring+and+cap+for+implantation+of+stimulation+electrodes.+Technical+note.">Dual-floor burr hole adjusted to burr-hole ring and cap for implantation of stimulation electrodes. Technical note.</a> Journal of Neurosurgery. 99 (4), 783-784 (2003).</li><li>Wharen, R. E., Putzke, J. D., Uitti, R. 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T., Huang, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+computer-aided+three-dimensional+skull+model+with+rapid+prototyping+technique+in+repair+of+zygomatico-orbito-maxillary+complex+fracture.">Application of computer-aided three-dimensional skull model with rapid prototyping technique in repair of zygomatico-orbito-maxillary complex fracture.</a> The International Journal of Medical Robotics. 5 (2), 158-163 (2009).</li><li>Wang, L., Cao, T., Li, X., Huang, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+printing+titanium+ribs+for+complex+reconstruction+after+extensive+posterolateral+chest+wall+resection+in+lung+cancer.">Three-dimensional printing titanium ribs for complex reconstruction after extensive posterolateral chest wall resection in lung cancer.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 152 (1), e5-e7 (2016).</li><li>Xu, N. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reconstruction+of+the+Upper+Cervical+Spine+Using+a+Personalized+3D-Printed+Vertebral+Body+in+an+Adolescent+With+Ewing+Sarcoma.">Reconstruction of the Upper Cervical Spine Using a Personalized 3D-Printed Vertebral Body in an Adolescent With Ewing Sarcoma.</a> Spine. 41 (1), E50-E54 (2016).</li><li>Brozova, H., Barnaure, I., Alterman, R. L., Tagliati, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=STN-DBS+frequency+effects+on+freezing+of+gait+in+advanced+Parkinson+disease.">STN-DBS frequency effects on freezing of gait in advanced Parkinson disease.</a> Neurology. 72 (8), 770 (2009).</li><li>Moreau, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=STN-DBS+frequency+effects+on+freezing+of+gait+in+advanced+Parkinson+disease.">STN-DBS frequency effects on freezing of gait in advanced Parkinson disease.</a> Neurology. 71 (2), 80-84 (2008).</li><li>Oyama, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unilateral+GPi-DBS+as+a+treatment+for+levodopa-induced+respiratory+dyskinesia+in+Parkinson+disease.">Unilateral GPi-DBS as a treatment for levodopa-induced respiratory dyskinesia in Parkinson disease.</a> Neurologist. 17 (5), 282-285 (2011).</li></ol>

结果表明，该软件可用于构建毛刺孔环的三维模型（图1和图2），3D打印可用于用指定材料构建实体模型（图4）。就固体模型的大小而言，通过 Vernier 卡钳进行的测量，存在从 0 到 0.59 mm 的绝对误差（图6）。在某种程度上，这种错误是不可避免的，因为这种绝对错误来自许多因素，如印刷工具的质量。工业?...

自20世纪80年代以来，3D打印已应用于医学领域，特别是在术前模拟手术、解剖学习和外科培训领域。例如，在脑血管手术中，可以使用3D打印血管模型2进行术前模拟。随着三维打印的发展，可以最大限度地模拟脑血管的质地、温度、结构和重量。受训人员可以进行外科手术，如切割和夹紧此类模型。这种训练是非常重要的外科医生3，4，5。目前，由3D打印形成的钛贴片也逐渐应用了6个，因为经过成像和重建后3D打印开发的头骨假肢具有很强的构同性。然而，3D打印在神经外科的发展和应用仍然有限。
毛刺孔环，作为铅固定装置的一部分，已广泛应用于深脑刺激（DBS）7、8、9、10。然而，目前的毛刺孔环是由医疗器械制造商根据统一的规格和尺寸制造的。此标准毛刺孔环并不总是适合所有条件，如头骨畸形和头皮萎缩。它可能会增加操作的不确定性，减少操作的幅度。3D打印的出现使得在临床场景中为患者开发个性化的毛刺环成为可能。同时，毛刺孔环不易获得，不利于广泛的术前示范和手术训练1。
为了解决上述问题，我们建议使用 3D 打印构建毛刺孔环。我们实验室以前的一项研究描述了星展11的创新毛刺孔环。在这项研究中，这种创新的毛刺孔环将被视为展示详细生产工艺的极好例子。因此，本研究的目的是提供一个建模过程和一个详细的技术过程，使用3D打印建立一个实心毛刺环。

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		<tr>
			<td>Adobe Photoshop Version 14.0</td>
			<td>Adobe System&#65292;US</td>
			<td>_</td>
			<td>Only available with a paid subscription.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Allcct 3D printer</td>
			<td>Allcct technology co., LTD, WuHan, China</td>
			<td>201807A794124CN</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Allcct_YinKe_V1.1</td>
			<td>Allcct technology co., LTD, WuHan, China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>The software is provided by the 3D printer manufacturer and there is no Catalog number associated with it</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AutoCAD 2004</td>
			<td>Autodesk co., LTD&#65292;US</td>
			<td>666-12345678</td>
			<td>Software for 2D models</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbon Fibre</td>
			<td>Allcct technology co., LTD, WuHan, China</td>
			<td>PLA175&#216;5181&#216;3&#216;B</td>
			<td>The material is provided by the 3D printer manufacturer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Netfabb Studio Basic 4.9</td>
			<td>Autodesk co., LTD&#65292;US</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>The software is provided by a 3D printer manufacturer and is open to access</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pro/E 2001</td>
			<td>Parametric Technology Corporation, PTC, US</td>
			<td>_</td>
			<td>Software for 3D models; Only available with a paid subscription.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vernier caliper&#160;</td>
			<td>&#160;Beijing Blue Light Machinery Electricity Instrument Co,. LTD, China</td>
			<td>GB/T&#8194;1214.1-1996&#8194;</td>
			<td></td>
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application of 3d printing in the construction of burr hole ring for deep brain stimulation implants

自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，3D 打印在医疗领域得到了广泛的应用，特别是在手术中，如术前模拟、解剖学习和外科培训。这增加了使用3D打印来构建神经外科植入物的可能性。我们之前的工作以毛刺孔环的构造为例，描述了使用计算机辅助设计 （CAD）、专业/工程师 （Pro/E） 和 3D 打印机等软件来构建物理产品的过程。即共需要三个步骤，即绘制2D图像、构建毛刺孔环的3D图像，以及使用3D打印机打印毛刺环的物理模型。该协议表明，碳纤维制成的毛刺孔环可以通过三维打印快速准确地成型。表明CAD和Pro/E软件均可用于与临床影像数据集成，构建毛刺孔环，并进一步应用3D打印制作单个耗材。

通过商用CAD软件构建了三个2D图像视图（参见材料表）。在这些图像中，还添加了实际尺寸和技术要求（图1）。此外，三维数据在 （图2） 中构造，并保存为 STL 格式 （图 3）。如图4所示，固体部件构建在打印机平台上。选取了五组这些部分，计算了绝对误差和误差范?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of 3D Printing in the Construction of Burr Hole Ring for Deep Brain Stimulation Implants at JoVE.com

Application of 3D Printing in the Construction of Burr Hole Ring for Deep Brain Stimulation Implants

在这里，我们提出一个协议，以演示3D打印在深层脑刺激植入物的构建。

3D打印在深脑刺激植入物毛孔环结构中的应用

3D printing has been widely applied in the medical field since the 1980s, especially in surgery, such as preoperative simulation, anatomical learning and ...

3D 打印使患者能够开发个性化毛刺孔环。我们的协议提供了使用 3D 模型程序构建这些植入物的详细程序。3D 打印对象具有高产品效率、低成本且可定制。借助 3D 打印，患者可以获得高度特定于其个人需求的植入物。要绘制毛刺孔环的 2D 图像，请打开 2D CAD 软件程序中的新图形文档。单击"绘制"和"线条"，在绘图上绘制具有实线的参考点。然后单击"修改"和"偏移"，并在命令行中键入特定的偏移距离。要选择要修剪的区域，请单击"修改"和"修剪"，然后单击"额外行"。要绘制顶部视图，请单击"绘制"和"线条"以构造参考点，然后单击 Daw、圆形和中心直径以在命令窗口中输入圆或直径特定半径的定量值。然后单击参考点的中心以形成一个圆。接下来，使用与前视图相同的方法绘制内毛刺孔环的左视图。单击"尺寸"和"直径"并单击圆周以标记圆的直径。单击"尺寸"和"线性"以标记所有关联结构的长度和厚度。然后单击"尺寸"和"半径"以标记腔室的角度。使用相同的协议，构造外毛刺孔环的二元图，并标记实际大小和标注。然后单击"保存"以保存毛刺孔环的 2D 图像。要绘制毛刺孔环的 3D 图像，请打开 3D 绘图软件程序并选择前平面作为草图平面。单击"草图"视图中的"默认值"，然后选择虚线工具，在二维草图中绘制零件的顶部部分。单击"符合"和"完成"，然后单击基准平面图标。在菜单管理器中，选择"创建、实心、添加工作表、旋转和完成"。然后在"属性"菜单中单击"双边"，然后单击"完成"。要构造外毛刺孔环钩的横截面，请单击"前、向前、默认、基准平面"和"点线"。单击"确认"和"完成"，然后以角度输入 50，并指示方向 45，然后单击"完成"。然后单击着色按钮。接下来在零件特征中选择"重新定义"，然后单击挂钩的线结构。选择"剖面"、"定义"和"草图"。单击虚线图标。在挂钩部分创建两个方形浮雕，单击"确定"，"完成"和"着色"。单击基准访问图标，然后单击"插入基准图"和"十字"。单击线结构的中心轴。单击基准平面中的角度，然后单击线条结构视图中的前平面。然后单击"偏移"菜单中的输入值，以角度输入负 45 并指示方向 45。单击"功能、复制"和"镜像"。单击挂钩作为对象，然后单击"完成选择"和"完成"。单击基准面以完成复制，并以相同方式复制其余两个挂钩。然后单击"创建同心圆"以构造半径为 7.23 毫米的圆，然后单击选定点图标上的基元分割以删除圆的不必要线条。要创建完整的外墙部分，请单击实线按钮，然后单击"确定"和"完成"。输入四作为输入深度，然后单击"着色"。单击"镜像"并完成。单击对象并完成。然后单击基准面以完成复制。要确认，请单击"复制、镜像"和"完成"，然后选择两个不同方向的外墙。然后单击"完成"并单击基准平面以完成复制。要增强图形细节，请单击"视图、模型设置、颜色和外观"，将 RGB 颜色滑块添加并调整为棕色。然后单击"关闭、设置"和"确定"。单击"消除隐藏线"按钮，然后单击"创建同心圆"。继续在外墙上创建外边缘，然后单击"选定点"中的"原始人分割"按钮以删除多余的线条。单击"实线"按钮将新添加的外部边缘连接到完整部分，然后单击"确定"。输入 0.8 作为输入深度，并在突出窗口中单击"确定"。在菜单管理器中，单击"复制、镜像"，"完成"，单击对象，然后单击"完成"。单击"生成基准和偏移"，然后单击"偏移"中的输入值。然后输入 0.4 作为指定方向的等轴测，然后单击"完成"。单击"复制、镜像"和"完成"，然后单击外墙。要完成外墙和方形浮雕的镜像操作，请单击"完成选择"和"完成"，然后单击图像的基准以完成复制。选择"文件"和"复制"，然后以 stl 格式保存文件。输入零件号，然后单击"确定"。然后在输出 STL 对话框中，将线高度调整为 006，将角度控制调整为 0.00001，单击"应用"和"确定"。要打印环，请打开模型检测软件中的项目文件。确认外圈已完成，然后单击"零件"，将零件导出为 STL 并保存。模型检测后，打开切片软件并单击"文件和加载模型文件"并打开一个 stl 文件。单击鼠标左键以选择零件的移动轨迹并调整零件的位置。将打印速度设置为 30 毫米/秒，打印温度设置为 210 摄氏度，将床温设置为 80 摄氏度。然后单击 SD 的工具路径以 G 代码格式保存文件并生成打印路径。当温度上升到预设值时，单击"打印"并选择目标文件并确认开始打印。底部支撑网格构建后，打印喷嘴将开始垂直、层层构造外圈。外圈形成后，打印机喷嘴将在右侧打印内环。两个环冷却后，从平台上卸下型号。在这里，计算了五组零件的绝对误差和误差范围，如所证明的。结果表明，在外圈内，分别发现腰部外径和顶部厚度的最大绝对误差和最小绝对误差。在内圈中，分别发现内径和顶部厚度的最大绝对误差和最小绝对误差。总误差范围为 0.00、0.59.3D如果可以从图像中提取厚孔环，MR 数据有可能用于构建毛刺孔环的实际成像。我们的协议通过整合临床成像数据和 3D 打印，为构建深层脑刺激植入物提供了一种快速、准确的方法。

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Stereotactic Injection of MicroRNA-expressing Lentiviruses to the Mouse Hippocampus CA1 Region and Assessment of the Behavioral Outcome

立体定向注射的microRNA表达慢病毒的小鼠海马CA1区和行为结果的评估

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory single-stranded RNA molecules around 22 nucleotides long that may each target numerous mRNA transcripts and dim an ...

科研

行为学

The Modified Hole Board - Measuring Behavior, Cognition and Social Interaction in Mice and Rats

修改后的孔板 - 测量行为，认知和社会互动小鼠和大鼠

This protocol describes the modified hole board (mHB), which combines features from a traditional hole board and open field and is designed to measure ...

Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Tool to Induce Plasticity in Pathways Relevant for Extinction Learning

迷走神经刺激作为一种工具来诱导可塑性相关途径灭绝学习

Extinction describes the process of attenuating behavioral responses to neutral stimuli when they no longer provide the reinforcement that has been ...

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration

一般方法评估对静脉注射甲基苯丙胺的自我管理深部脑刺激的影响

Substance use disorders, particularly to methamphetamine, are devastating, relapsing diseases that disproportionally affect young people.  There is a need ...

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function

非侵入电脑刺激蒙太奇的人体运动功能的调节

Non-invasive electrical brain stimulation (NEBS) is used to modulate brain function and behavior, both for research and clinical purposes. In particular, ...

Treating Clinical Depression with Repetitive Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Using the Brainsway H1-coil

临床治疗抑郁症的深层重复经颅磁刺激使用Brainsway H1线圈

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging non-pharmacological approach to treating many brain-based disorders. rTMS uses ...

A Novel Approach to Assess Motor Outcome of Deep Brain Stimulation Effects in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat: Staircase and Cylinder Test

一种新的方法，以评估在帕金森病大鼠脑深部电刺激效应的运动结果：楼梯和缸测试

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective treatment option for Parkinson&#39;s disease. In our lab we established a protocol to ...

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to the Unilateral Hemisphere of Rat Brain

重复经颅磁刺激对大鼠大脑的单边半球

Previous rodent models of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) adopted whole-brain stimulation instead of unilateral hemispheric rTMS, ...

How to Use the H1 Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coil for Conditions Other than Depression

如何使用H1深经颅磁刺激线圈条件除抑郁症

Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) is a relatively new technique that uses different coils for the treatment of different neuropathologies. The ...