Name: pre-clinical model of cardiac donation after circulatory death
Uploaded: 2019-08-02T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Pre-clinical Model of Cardiac Donation after Circulatory Death at JoVE.com

이 작품의 일부는 마르셀 에 롤랑드 고셀린 과 퐁당 씨 스테판 푸미에 의해 관대 한 기여에 의해 지원되었다. 니콜라스 노이즈우스는 FRQ-S의 학자입니다.
저자들은 데이터 수집에 대한 지원에 대한 조쉬 주오 르 황, 가브리엘 가스콘, 소피아 기아시, 캐서린 스칼라브리니에게 감사를 표하고자 합니다.

모든 동물 관리 및 실험 프로토콜은 실험실 동물의 관리 및 사용에 대한 가이드를 준수하고 센터 Hospitalier 드 l'Université 드 몬트리올 연구 센터의 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회에 의해 승인되었다.
1. 예비 준비
<ol><li>수조를 켜서 심전도 전달 시스템(그림1A)과랑엔도르프 엑생체 관류 시스템(그림1B)을가열한다. 용액 온도를 37°C인...

<ol>
	<li>Gass, A. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+Transplantation+in+the+New+Era.">Cardiac Transplantation in the New Era.</a> Cardiology in Review. 23 (4), 182-188 (2015).</li><li>von Dossow, V., Costa, J., D'Ovidio, F., Marczin, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Worldwide+trends+in+heart+and+lung+transplantation:+Guarding+the+most+precious+gift+ever.">Worldwide trends in heart and lung transplantation: Guarding the most precious gift ever.</a> Best Practice &amp; Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology. 31 (2), 141-152 (2017).</li><li>Hornby, K., Ross, H., Keshavjee, S., Rao, V., Shemie, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Non-utilization+of+hearts+and+lungs+after+consent+for+donation:+a+Canadian+multicentre+study.">Non-utilization of hearts and lungs after consent for donation: a Canadian multicentre study.</a> Canadian Journal Of Anaesthesia. 53 (8), 831-837 (2006).</li><li>Manyalich, M., Nelson, H., Delmonico, F. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+need+and+opportunity+for+donation+after+circulatory+death+worldwide.">The need and opportunity for donation after circulatory death worldwide.</a> Current Opinion In Organ Transplantation. 23 (1), 136-141 (2018).</li><li>Shemie, S. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=National+recommendations+for+donation+after+cardiocirculatory+death+in+Canada:+Donation+after+cardiocirculatory+death+in+Canada.">National recommendations for donation after cardiocirculatory death in Canada: Donation after cardiocirculatory death in Canada.</a> CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal. 175 (8), S1 (2006).</li><li>Page, A., Messer, S., Large, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+transplantation+from+donation+after+circulatory+determined+death.">Heart transplantation from donation after circulatory determined death.</a> Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery. 7 (1), 75-81 (2018).</li><li>Monteagudo Vela, M., Garcia Saez, D., Simon, A. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+approaches+in+retrieval+and+heart+preservation.">Current approaches in retrieval and heart preservation.</a> Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery. 7 (1), 67-74 (2018).</li><li>Dhital, K. K., Chew, H. C., Macdonald, P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Donation+after+circulatory+death+heart+transplantation.">Donation after circulatory death heart transplantation.</a> Current Opinion In Organ Transplantation. 22 (3), 189-197 (2017).</li><li>McNally, S. J., Harrison, E. M., Wigmore, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ethical+considerations+in+the+application+of+preconditioning+to+solid+organ+transplantation.">Ethical considerations in the application of preconditioning to solid organ transplantation.</a> Journal of Medical Ethics. 31 (11), 631-634 (2005).</li><li>Rao, V., Feindel, C. M., Weisel, R. D., Boylen, P., Cohen, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Donor+blood+perfusion+improves+myocardial+recovery+after+heart+transplantation.">Donor blood perfusion improves myocardial recovery after heart transplantation.</a> The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. 16 (6), 667-673 (1997).</li><li>Ramzy, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+allograft+preservation+using+donor-shed+blood+supplemented+with+L-arginine.">Cardiac allograft preservation using donor-shed blood supplemented with L-arginine.</a> The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. 24 (10), 1665-1672 (2005).</li><li>Xin, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+New+Multi-Mode+Perfusion+System+for+Ex+vivo+Heart+Perfusion+Study.">A New Multi-Mode Perfusion System for Ex vivo Heart Perfusion Study.</a> Journal of Medical Systems. 42 (2), 25 (2017).</li><li>Messer, S., Ardehali, A., Tsui, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Normothermic+donor+heart+perfusion:+current+clinical+experience+and+the+future.">Normothermic donor heart perfusion: current clinical experience and the future.</a> Transplant International. 28 (6), 634-642 (2015).</li><li>Flecknell, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia (Fourth Edition). , 77-108 (2016).</li><li>Kearns, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Rodent+Model+of+Cardiac+Donation+After+Circulatory+Death+and+Novel+Biomarkers+of+Cardiac+Viability+During+Ex+vivo+Heart+Perfusion.">A Rodent Model of Cardiac Donation After Circulatory Death and Novel Biomarkers of Cardiac Viability During Ex vivo Heart Perfusion.</a> Transplantation. 101 (8), e231-e239 (2017).</li><li>Sandha, J. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Steroids+Limit+Myocardial+Edema+During+Ex+vivo+Perfusion+of+Hearts+Donated+After+Circulatory+Death.">Steroids Limit Myocardial Edema During Ex vivo Perfusion of Hearts Donated After Circulatory Death.</a> The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 105 (6), 1763-1770 (2018).</li><li>Iyer, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increasing+the+tolerance+of+DCD+hearts+to+warm+ischemia+by+pharmacological+postconditioning.">Increasing the tolerance of DCD hearts to warm ischemia by pharmacological postconditioning.</a> American Journal of Transplantation. 14 (8), 1744-1752 (2014).</li><li>Sanz, M. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardioprotective+reperfusion+strategies+differentially+affect+mitochondria:studies+in+an+isolated+rat+heart+model+of+donation+after+circulatory+death+(DCD).">Cardioprotective reperfusion strategies differentially affect mitochondria:studies in an isolated rat heart model of donation after circulatory death (DCD).</a> American Journal of Transplantation. , (2018).</li><li>Van de Wauwer, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mode+of+death+in+the+non-heart-beating+donor+has+an+impact+on+lung+graft+quality.">The mode of death in the non-heart-beating donor has an impact on lung graft quality.</a> European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 36 (5), 919-926 (2009).</li><li>Quader, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+Optimal+Coronary+Flow+for+the+Preservation+of+&amp;#34;Donation+after+Circulatory+Death&amp;#34;+in+Murine+Heart+Model.">Determination of Optimal Coronary Flow for the Preservation of &amp;#34;Donation after Circulatory Death&amp;#34; in Murine Heart Model.</a> ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992). 64 (2), 225-231 (2018).</li><li>Priebe, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+acute+open-chest+model.">The acute open-chest model.</a> British Journal Of Anaesthesia. 60 (8 Suppl 1), 38-41 (1988).</li><li>Narita, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+effects+of+vecuronium+and+its+interaction+with+autonomic+nervous+system+in+isolated+perfused+canine+hearts.">Cardiac effects of vecuronium and its interaction with autonomic nervous system in isolated perfused canine hearts.</a> Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 19 (6), 1000-1008 (1992).</li><li>Dhital, K. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adult+heart+transplantation+with+distant+procurement+and+ex-vivo+preservation+of+donor+hearts+after+circulatory+death:+a+case+series.">Adult heart transplantation with distant procurement and ex-vivo preservation of donor hearts after circulatory death: a case series.</a> Lancet (London, England). 385 (9987), 2585-2591 (2015).</li><li>Messer, S. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+assessment+and+transplantation+of+the+donor+heart+after+circulatory+death.">Functional assessment and transplantation of the donor heart after circulatory death.</a> The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. 35 (12), 1443-1452 (2016).</li><li>White, C. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+donor+heart+viability+during+ex+vivo+heart+perfusion.">Assessment of donor heart viability during ex vivo heart perfusion.</a> Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 93 (10), 893-901 (2015).</li><li>Mayr, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+troponin+T+and+creatine+kinase+predict+mid-term+infarct+size+and+left+ventricular+function+after+acute+myocardial+infarction:+a+cardiac+MR+study.">Cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase predict mid-term infarct size and left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction: a cardiac MR study.</a> Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 33 (4), 847-854 (2011).</li><li>Remppis, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracellular+compartmentation+of+troponin+T:+release+kinetics+after+global+ischemia+and+calcium+paradox+in+the+isolated+perfused+rat+heart.">Intracellular compartmentation of troponin T: release kinetics after global ischemia and calcium paradox in the isolated perfused rat heart.</a> Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 27 (2), 793-803 (1995).</li><li>Rossello, X., Hall, A. R., Bell, R. M., Yellon, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+the+Langendorff+Perfused+Isolated+Mouse+Heart+Model+of+Global+Ischemia-Reperfusion+Injury:+Impact+of+Ischemia+and+Reperfusion+Length+on+Infarct+Size+and+LDH+Release.">Characterization of the Langendorff Perfused Isolated Mouse Heart Model of Global Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Impact of Ischemia and Reperfusion Length on Infarct Size and LDH Release.</a> Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 21 (3), 286-295 (2016).</li><li>Dornbierer, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+reperfusion+hemodynamics+predict+recovery+in+rat+hearts:+a+potential+approach+towards+evaluating+cardiac+grafts+from+non-heart-beating+donors.">Early reperfusion hemodynamics predict recovery in rat hearts: a potential approach towards evaluating cardiac grafts from non-heart-beating donors.</a> PloS One. 7 (8), e43642 (2012).</li><li>Henry, P. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Positive+staircase+effect+in+the+rat+heart.">Positive staircase effect in the rat heart.</a> The American Journal of Physiology. 228 (2), 360-364 (1975).</li><li>Markert, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+a+method+to+correct+the+contractility+index+LVdP/dt(max)+for+changes+in+heart+rate.">Evaluation of a method to correct the contractility index LVdP/dt(max) for changes in heart rate.</a> Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods. 66 (2), 98-105 (2012).</li><li>Azar, T., Sharp, J., Lawson, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+rates+of+male+and+female+Sprague-Dawley+and+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats+housed+singly+or+in+groups.">Heart rates of male and female Sprague-Dawley and spontaneously hypertensive rats housed singly or in groups.</a> Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 50 (2), 175-184 (2011).</li><li>Bonney, S., Hughes, K., Eckle, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anesthetic+cardioprotection:+the+role+of+adenosine.">Anesthetic cardioprotection: the role of adenosine.</a> Current Pharmaceutical Design. 20 (36), 5690-5695 (2014).</li><li>Ali, A. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rat+model+of+veno-arterial+extracorporeal+membrane+oxygenation.">Rat model of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.</a> Journal of Translational Medicine. 12, 37 (2014).</li></ol>

여기에 제시 된 프로토콜은 심장 기능 회복, 조직 손상 및 기증자의 회복을 개선하기 위해 사후 컨디셔닝 심장 보호 제의 사용을 평가 할 수있는 기회를 제공하는 심장 DCD의 간단하고 편리하고 다양한 모델을 소개합니다. 그렇지 않으면 이식을 위해 버려진 마음. Ex vivo 심장 관류 시스템(EVHP) 시스템은 심장 기능을 평가하기 위한 플랫폼을 제공하고 컨디셔닝 후 약리작용제로 보충된 수정 된 솔루?...

고체 장기 이식은 일반적으로 심장 이식, 특히 전세계적으로 1,2가 증가하고 있습니다. 장기 조달의 표준 방법은 뇌 사멸 후 기부 (DBD)입니다. DBD의 엄격한 포함 기준을 감안할 때, 제공 된 마음의 40 % 미만이3을 받아 들여 수요가 증가하고 장기 대기자 명단을 연장하는 상황에서 제안을 제한합니다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 순환사망 후 기증된 장기(DCD)의 사용은잠재적인 해결책 4.
DCD 기증자에서는, 그러나, 배려의 철수 및 소생술의 앞에 보호되지 않은 온난한허혈의 기간 다음 고형 단계는 불가피한 5. 순환 기 죽음 후에 잠재적인 기관 상해는 기관 역기능으로 이끌어 낼 수 있습니다, 일상적으로 DCD 심장 이식을 채택하는 것을 꺼리는 설명. 만성 병리학없이 매우 짧은 따뜻한 허혈 시간과 젊은 기증자를 포함하는 엄격한 기준을 가진 4 개의 센터만이DCD 심장을 임상적으로 사용하는 것으로 보고됩니다 6,7. 윤리적 및 법적 이유로, 제한적이거나 심장 보호 개입은 순환 사망 전에 기증자에 적용 할 수 있습니다5,8,9. 따라서, 허혈 재관류(IR) 상해를 완화하기 위한 임의의 완화는 심전도 용액을 가진 초기 재관류 중에 시작된 심장 보호 요법으로 제한되며, 적절한 기능 적 평가를 허용하지 않는다. Ex vivo 심장 관류 (EVHP) 전용 플랫폼을 사용 하 여 DCD 심장의 재조정 대안 솔루션으로 제안 하 고 다양 한 학자에 의해 공부10,11,12,13 . EVHP는 기능 적 회복을 개선하기 위해 DCD 심장에 컨디셔닝 후 에이전트를 제공 할 수있는 독특한 기회를 제공합니다. 그러나, 효율적인 임상 번역을 위해, 많은 기술적 및 실질적인 문제는 해결되어야 남아 있고, 이것은 이식가능성을 결정하기 위하여 관류 및 기능 기준의 범위에 대한 합의의 부족에 의해 더 복잡해집니다6, 8.
본 명세서에서 우리는 조달 시, 초기 재관류 시 개시된 장기 사후 컨디셔닝을 조사하는데 사용될 수 있는 생체 내 심혼 관류 시스템과 결합된 재현 가능한 전임상 소형 동물 DCD 프로토콜의 개발을 보고하고, /또는 EVHP 전체에 걸쳐.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0,9% Sodium Chloride. 1L bag</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Electrolyte solution for flushing in the modified Langendorff system.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>14G 2&#34; I.V catheter</td>
			<td>Jelco</td>
			<td>4098</td>
			<td>To act as endotracheal tube.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride</td>
			<td>Milipore-Sigma</td>
			<td>T8877</td>
			<td>Vital coloration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>22G 1&#34; I.V catheter</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>383532</td>
			<td>I.V catheter with extension tube that facilitates manipulation for carotid catheterization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adson Dressing Fcp, 4 3/4&#34;, Serr</td>
			<td>Skalar</td>
			<td>50-3147</td>
			<td>Additional forceps for tissue manipulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alm Self-retaining retractor 4x4 Teeth Blunt 2-3/4&#34;</td>
			<td>Skalar</td>
			<td>22-9027</td>
			<td>Tissue retractor used to maintain the chest open.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bridge amp</td>
			<td>ADinstruments</td>
			<td>FE221</td>
			<td>Bridge amp for intracarotid blood pressure measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium chloride</td>
			<td>Milipore-Sigma</td>
			<td>C1016</td>
			<td>CaCl2 anhydrous, granular, &#8804;7.0 mm, &#8805;93.0% Part of the Krebs solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-(+)-Glucose</td>
			<td>Milipore-Sigma</td>
			<td>G8270</td>
			<td>D-Glucose &#8805;99.5% Part of the Krebs solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DIN(8) to Disposable BP Transducer</td>
			<td>ADinstruments</td>
			<td>MLAC06</td>
			<td>Adapter cable for link between bridge amp and pressure transducer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable BP Transducer (stopcock)</td>
			<td>ADinstruments</td>
			<td>MLT0670</td>
			<td>Pressure transducer for intracarotid blood pressure measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dPBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14190-144</td>
			<td>Electrolyte solution without calcium or magnesium.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eye Dressing Fcp, Str, Serr, 4&#34;</td>
			<td>Skalar</td>
			<td>66-2740</td>
			<td>Additional forceps for tissue manipulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formalin solution, neutral buffered, 10%</td>
			<td>Milipore-Sigma</td>
			<td>HT501128</td>
			<td>Fixative solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heating Pad</td>
			<td>Sunbean</td>
			<td>756-CN</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin sodium 1000 UI/mL</td>
			<td>Sandoz</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For systemic anticoagulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric Acid 36,5 to 38,0%</td>
			<td>Fisher scientific</td>
			<td>A144-500</td>
			<td>Diluted 1:1 for pH correction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine</td>
			<td>Bimeda</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Anesthetic. 100 mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LabChart</td>
			<td>ADinstruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Control software for the Powerlab polygraph, allowing off-line analyses. Version 7, with blood pressure and PV loop modules enabled</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Left ventricle pressure balloon</td>
			<td>Radnoti</td>
			<td>170404</td>
			<td>In latex. Size 4.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lidocaine HCl 2% solution</td>
			<td>AstraZeneca</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Antiarrhythmic for the cardioplegic solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium Chloride ACS</td>
			<td>ACP Chemicals</td>
			<td>M-0460</td>
			<td>MgCl2+6H2O &#8805;99.0% Part of the Krebs solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro pressure sensor</td>
			<td>Radnoti</td>
			<td>159905</td>
			<td>Micro pressure sensor and amplifier connected to the intraventricular balloon</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pacemaker</td>
			<td>Biotronik</td>
			<td>Reliaty</td>
			<td>Set to generate a pulse each 200 ms for a heart rate of 300 bpm.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pH bench top meter</td>
			<td>Fisher scientific</td>
			<td>AE150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Physiological monitor</td>
			<td>Kent Scientific</td>
			<td>Physiosuite</td>
			<td>For continuous monitoring of rodent temperature and saturation during the procedure</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasma-Lyte A</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Electrolyte solution used as base to prepare cardioplegia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td>Milipore-Sigma</td>
			<td>P4504</td>
			<td>KCl &#8805;99.0% Part of the Krebs solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium Chloride 2 meq/ml</td>
			<td>Hospira</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Part of the cardioplegic solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PowerLab 8/30 Polygraph</td>
			<td>ADinstruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Electronic polygraph</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silk 2-0</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>A305H</td>
			<td>Suture material for Langendorff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silk 5-0</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>A302H</td>
			<td>Suture material for carotid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small animal anesthesia workstation</td>
			<td>Hallowell EMC</td>
			<td>000A2770</td>
			<td>Small animal ventilator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Milipore-Sigma</td>
			<td>S5761</td>
			<td>NaHCO3 &#8805;99,5% Part of the Krebs solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride</td>
			<td>Milipore-Sigma</td>
			<td>S7653</td>
			<td>NaCl &#8805;99.5% Part of the Krebs solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Hydroxide pellets</td>
			<td>ACP chemicals</td>
			<td>S3700</td>
			<td>Diluted to 5N (10 g in 50 ml) for pH correction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium phosphate monobasic</td>
			<td>Milipore-Sigma</td>
			<td>S0751</td>
			<td>NaH2PO4 &#8805;99.0% Part of the Krebs solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stevens Tenotomy Sciss, Str, Delicate, SH/SH, 4 1/2&#34;</td>
			<td>Skalar</td>
			<td>22-1240</td>
			<td>Small scisors for atria and cava vein opening</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue slicer blades</td>
			<td>Thomas scientific</td>
			<td>6727C18</td>
			<td>Straight carbon steel blades for tissue slicing at the end of the protocol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tuberculin safety syringe with needle 25G 5/8&#34;</td>
			<td>CardinalHealth</td>
			<td>8881511235</td>
			<td>For heparin injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Veterinary General Surgery Set</td>
			<td>Skalar</td>
			<td>98-1275</td>
			<td>Surgery instruments including disection scisors and mosquito clamps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Veterinary Micro Set</td>
			<td>Skalar</td>
			<td>98-1311</td>
			<td>Surgery instruments with microscisors used for carotid artery opening</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Working Heart Rat/Guinea Pig/Rabbit system</td>
			<td>Radnoti</td>
			<td>120101BEZ</td>
			<td>Modular working heart system modified for the needs of the protocol. Includes all the necesary tubbing, water jacketed reservoirs and valves, including 2 and 3 way stop cock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Bayer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Sedative. 20 mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

pre-clinical model of cardiac donation after circulatory death

심장 이식 수요가 증가하고 있습니다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 장기 가용성은 적당한 기증자의 빈곤때문에 제한됩니다. 순환 기 죽음 후 장기 기증 (DCD) 이 제한 된 가용성을 해결 하기 위해 솔루션, 하지만 장기간된 따뜻한 허 혈의 기간 및 조직 손상의 위험으로 인해, 심장 이식에 그것의 일상적인 사용은 거의 볼 수 없습니다. 이 원고에서 우리는 심장 기능의 지속적인 모니터링과 DCD의 맥락에서 현재의 임상 관행을 밀접하게 모방하는 상세한 프로토콜을 제공하여 새로운 심장 보호 전략 및 내정간섭을 평가할 수 있습니다. 허혈 재관류 부상.
이 모델에서, DCD 프로토콜은 순환 죽음을 유도하기 위해 환기를 중지하여 마취 루이스 쥐에서 시작된다. 수축기 혈압이 30 mmHg 이하로 떨어지면 따뜻한 허혈 시간이 시작됩니다. 미리 설정된 따뜻한 허혈성 기간 이후에, 심장은 노르보노모믹 심전증 용액으로 플러시되고, 조달되고, 랑엔도르프 ex 생체 심장 관류 시스템에 장착됩니다. 초기 재관류 및 안정화 10분 후, 심장 재조정은 혈관 내 압력 모니터링을 사용하여 60분 동안 지속적으로 평가됩니다. 심장 상해는 심장 troponin T를 측정해서 평가되고 경색 규모는 조직학적 염색에 의해 정량화됩니다. 따뜻한 허혈 시간은 조절되고 구조적 및 기능적 손상의 원하는 양을 개발하기 위해 맞춤화 될 수있다. 이 간단한 프로토콜은 심전도, 초기 재관류 및/또는 생체 외 관류 중에 도입된 다양한 심장 보호 컨디셔닝 전략을 평가할 수 있게 해줍니다. 이 프로토콜에서 얻은 사실 인정은 임상 번역을 용이하게 하는 큰 모형에서 재현될 수 있습니다.

퇴출 후, 혈압은 예측 가능한 패턴으로급격히 감소합니다(그림 3). 예상 사망 시간은 5분 미만입니다.
그림 4는 WIT의 0, 10 및 15분 후 재조정이 시작될 때의 평균 압력/시간 곡선을 보여줍니다. 수축 기능은 시간이 지남에 따라 향상됩니다. WIT의 짧은 기간을 사용하면 수축이 정상으로 돌아갈 수 있으며 형태학적 손상은 감지할 수 없?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Pre-clinical Model of Cardiac Donation after Circulatory Death at JoVE.com

Pre-clinical Model of Cardiac Donation after Circulatory Death

이 프로토콜은 순환기 죽음 후에 심장 기증의 타당성을 증가시키기 위하여 새로운 컨디셔닝 에이전트 또는 전략의 평가를 위한 간단하고 유연한 접근을 보여줍니다.

순환사망 후 심장 기증 전 임상 모델

Cardiac transplantation demand is on the rise; nevertheless, organ availability is limited due to a paucity of suitable donors. Organ donation after ...

이 프로토콜은 순환 사망 후 기증 된 심장의 사용을 허용하기 위해 다른 심장 보호 컨디셔닝 전략의 평가를 촉진하여 제한된 이식 기관 공급 문제를 대상으로합니다. 동물을 중간 크기로 설정된 가열 패드에 놓습니다. 마취 된 성인 쥐의 발가락 핀치에 대한 반응의 부족을 확인 한 후, 직장 온도 프로브를 삽입.경피 펄스 산소계 센서를 뒷발에 부착하고 흡수 패드로 쥐를 덮어 체온을 유지합니다. 목에 3-4센티미터 의 중간 선 피부 절개를 하고 무딘 팁 곡선 가위를 사용하여 피하 조직을 무딘 해부하여 올바른 스테르노히드 근육을 노출시하십시오. 비 외상성 집게를 사용하여, 오른쪽 경동맥, 경정맥 및 미주 신경이 확인될 때까지 근육을 측면으로 움직입니다.가위를 사용하여 미주 신경을 경동맥과 조심스럽게 분리하십시오. 오른쪽 경정맥에 헤파린킬로그램당 2, 000개의 국제 유닛을 주입하고, 혈중 누출을 피하기 위해 바늘 회수 후 주사 부위에 압력을 가한다. 곡선 된 집게를 사용하여 경동맥 주위에 두 개의 5-0 실크 봉합사를 전달합니다.노출된 동맥의 우수한 양상에서 경동맥을 가리고 근위 봉합사를 풀어 놓고, 쥐를 스테레오 현미경 아래에 놓는 다산 봉합사를 단단히 부착한다. 그런 다음 미세 수술 가위를 사용하여 경동맥의 전방 벽에 1밀리미터 절개를 조심스럽게 만들고 대동맥 아치쪽으로 22 게이지, 1인치 폐쇄된 정맥 카테터를 삽입합니다. 배율 및 미세 절 도구의 사용은 이 단계에 매우 좋습니다.깨끗한 필드는 출혈을 피하기 위해 근위 봉합사를 긴장시킴으로써 달성 될 수있다. 심장 기증은 전 생체 내 심폐 장치를 조립하는 데 필요합니다. DCD 프로토콜을 시작하려면 먼저 동물을 추방한 다음 모기 집게를 사용하여 기관진을 고정하여 고뇌 단계를 시작합니다.피크 수축기 혈압이 30밀리미터 이하의 수은 또는 아시스톨 또는 심실 세동이 나타날 때 기능적인 WIT를 계산하기 시작합니다. WIT의 끝에서, 내측 스테르노절제술을 수행, 필요한 경우 Alm re트랙터와 흉부오픈을 유지. 폐 정맥 및 기타 흉부 구조에서 심장을 분리하여 카르디절제술을 완료합니다.얼음이 차가운 크렙스 솔루션에 심장을 즉시 잠급하여 전 생체 시스템으로 의 신속한 수송을 합니다. 2-0 실크 봉합사를 사용하여 대어타를 랑엔도르프 장치에 단단히 고정한 다음 스톱콕을 엽니다. 이제 캐뉼라로의 흐름을 완전히 열고 초기 재관전 및 안정화 시간을 시작합니다.심혼을 회전하여 아리아가 압력 센서를 향하도록 하고, 필요한 경우 좌심실 심방 개구부를 넓히기 위해 폐 정맥을 해부합니다. 다음으로 압력 센서에 연결된 라텍스 풍선을 삽입하여 풍선이 심실 내부에 완전히 배치되었는지 확인합니다. 끝 확장기 압력이 15밀리미터의 수은에 도달할 때까지 풍선을 식염수로 천천히 채웁니다.관상 동맥 혈관을 뚫지 않고 심장의 전방 면에 속도 전극을 삽입합니다. 자발적인 구타가 관찰되면, 분당 300 비트로 속도를 설정합니다. 안정화 10분 후, 연속 심실 압력 측정 기록을 시작하여 재조정 및 평가 단계를 시작합니다.1시간 후 랑엔도르프 장치에서 심장을 제거하고 직선 고탄소 강철 블레이드를 사용하여 아리아를 제거합니다. 오른쪽 심실이 아래로 향하고, 1~ 2밀리미터 두께의 횡선 심실 조각을 잘라. 조직의 세 번째 조각에서 오른쪽 심실을 소비하고, 스냅다운 스트림 생화학 분석을 위해 왼쪽 심실을 동결.PBS에서 새로 준비된 5%TTC 솔루션의 나머지 섹션을 섭씨 37도에서 10분 동안 잠급니다. 다음 아침, 신선한 PBS에서 샘플을 두 번 세척하고 이미징을 위해 신선한 PBS에 샘플을 담급합니다. 실행 가능한 조직은 색상에 벽돌 빨간색 나타납니다.추방 후 혈압은 예측 가능한 패턴으로 급격히 떨어지고 사망할 것으로 예상되는 시간은 5분 미만입니다. 여기서는 WIT의 0, 10, 15분 에 이어 재조정 시작 시 평균 압력 대 시간 곡선이 표시됩니다. 수축 기능은 시간이 지남에 따라 개선되며, 짧은 기간의 WIT 를 사용하면 수축이 정상으로 돌아갈 수 있으며 형태학적 손상을 감지할 수 없습니다.심폐증과 안정화 단계에서 첨가된 컨디셔닝 제를 사용하면 이 모델에서 15분의 WIT에 의해 생성된 손상이 심장 보호제에 의해 변조될 수 있음을 보여주었다. 이 기술은 모든 관련 변수및 약리학적 및 비약학적 개입 테스트를 완전히 제어할 수 있으며 더 큰 모델에서 재현하여 임상 번역을 용이하게 합니다.

pre-clinical-model-of-cardiac-donation-after-circulatory-death

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia

Receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the development and progression of many cancers, including both leukemia and solid tumors, and are attractive druggable therapeutic targets. Here we describe an efficient four-step strategy for pre-clinical evaluation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of acute leukemia. Initially, western blot analysis is used to confirm target inhibition in cultured leukemia cells. Functional activity is then evaluated using clonogenic assays in methylcellulose or soft agar cultures. Experimental compounds that demonstrate activity in cell culture assays are evaluated in vivo using NOD-SCID-gamma (NSG) mice transplanted orthotopically with human leukemia cell lines. Initial in vivo pharmacodynamic studies evaluate target inhibition in leukemic blasts isolated from the bone marrow. This approach is used to determine the dose and schedule of administration required for effective target inhibition. Subsequent studies evaluate the efficacy of the TKIs in vivo using luciferase expressing leukemia cells, thereby allowing for non-invasive bioluminescent monitoring of leukemia burden and assessment of therapeutic response using an in vivo bioluminescence imaging system. This strategy has been effective for evaluation of TKIs in vitro and in vivo and can be applied for identification of molecularly-targeted agents with therapeutic potential or for direct comparison and prioritization of multiple compounds.

Receptor tyrosine kinases are ectopically expressed in many cancers and have been identified as therapeutic targets in acute leukemia. This manuscript describes an efficient strategy for pre-clinical evaluation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of acute leukemia.

급성 백혈병의 치료에 대한 티로신 키나제 억제제의 전임상 평가

Receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the development and progression of many cancers, including both leukemia and solid tumors, and are ...

연구

의학

Handling of the Cotton Rat in Studies for the Pre-clinical Evaluation of Oncolytic Viruses

Oncolytic viruses are a novel anticancer therapy with the ability to target tumor cells, while leaving healthy cells intact. For this strategy to be successful, recent studies have shown that involvement of the host immune system is essential. Therefore, oncolytic virotherapy should be evaluated within the context of an immunocompetent model. Furthermore, the study of antitumor therapies in tolerized animal models may better recapitulate results seen in clinical trials. Cotton rats, commonly used to study respiratory viruses, are an attractive model to study oncolytic virotherapy as syngeneic models of mammary carcinoma and osteosarcoma are well established. However, there is a lack of published information on the proper handling procedure for these highly excitable rodents. The handling and capture approach outlined minimizes animal stress to facilitate experimentation. This technique hinges upon the ability of the researcher to keep calm during handling and perform procedures in a timely fashion. Finally, we describe how to prepare cotton rat mammary tumor cells for consistent subcutaneous tumor formation, and how to perform intratumoral and intraperitoneal injections. These methods can be applied to a wide range of studies furthering the development of the cotton rat as a relevant pre-clinical model to study antitumor therapy.

Cotton rats are extremely excitable and have a strong flight-or-fight response. A handling method optimized to reduce the stress of the animals is described which will make cotton rats more accessible as a preclinical model.

종양 살상 바이러스의 전 임상 평가에 대한 연구에면 쥐의 취급

Oncolytic viruses are a novel anticancer therapy with the ability to target tumor cells, while leaving healthy cells intact.  For this strategy to be ...

Pre-clinical Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer

To study the multifaceted biology of prostate cancer, pre-clinical in vivo models offer a range of options to uncover critical biological information about this disease. The human orthotopic prostate cancer xenograft mouse model provides a useful alternative approach for understanding the specific interactions between genetically and molecularly altered tumor cells, their organ microenvironment, and for evaluation of efficacy of therapeutic regimens. This is a well characterized model designed to study the molecular events of primary tumor development and it recapitulates the early events in the metastatic cascade prior to embolism and entry of tumor cells into the circulation. Thus it allows elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the initial phase of metastatic disease. In addition, this model can annotate drug targets of clinical relevance and is a valuable tool to study prostate cancer progression. In this manuscript we describe a detailed procedure to establish a human orthotopic prostate cancer xenograft mouse model.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. An orthotopic cancer model provides a useful approach to understand the biology of prostate cancer and to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic regimens. This protocol describes detailed steps necessary to establish an orthotopic prostate cancer mouse model.

인간의 전립선 암의 전 임상 동소 이식 쥐 모델

To study the multifaceted biology of prostate cancer, pre-clinical in vivo models offer a range of options to uncover critical biological information ...

Use of a Low-flow Digital Anesthesia System for Mice and Rats

A traditional vaporizer depends on flowing gas and atmospheric pressure for passive anesthetic vaporization. Newly developed direct injection vaporizers utilize a syringe pump to directly administer volatile anesthetics into a gas stream. Unlike a traditional vaporizer, it can be used at very low flow rates, making it ideal for use on mice and rats. 
The equipment's capability to use low flow rates could result in a substantial cost savings due to the reduced need for anesthetic agents, compressed gas, and charcoal scavenging filters1. A lower flow rate means less waste of anesthetic gas and likely reduces the risk of anesthetic exposure to laboratory personnel. Thus, the high levels of precision and safety associated with direct injection vaporizers, along with a reduced need for anesthetic agents, compressed gas, and charcoal filters are beneficial for research requiring small animal anesthesia. 
The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate the use of a syringe-driven direct injection vaporizer as part of a digital, low-flow anesthesia system. The direct injection vaporizer is capable of accurately delivering anesthesia at very low flow rates compared to a traditional vaporizer, making it a promising alternative for controlled gas anesthetic delivery to rodents.

Here, we present a protocol to more safely and efficiently administer anesthetic gas to mice using a digital, low flow anesthesia system utilizing a syringe-driven direct injection vaporizer.

마우스 및 쥐에 대한 낮은 흐름 디지털 마취 시스템의 사용

A traditional vaporizer depends on flowing gas and atmospheric pressure for passive anesthetic vaporization. Newly developed direct injection vaporizers ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

Myography 와이어를 사용 하 여 마우스 Mesenteric 동맥의 isometric 수축 측정

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Implantation of hiPSC-derived Cardiac-muscle Patches after Myocardial Injury in a Guinea Pig Model

Due to the limited regeneration capacity of the heart in adult mammals, myocardial infarction results in an irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes. This loss of relevant amounts of heart muscle mass can lead to the heart failure. Besides heart transplantation, there is no curative treatment option for the end-stage heart failure. In times of organ donor shortage, organ independent treatment modalities are needed. Left-ventricular assist devices are a promising therapy option, however, especially as destination therapy, limited by its side-effects like stroke, infections and bleedings. In recent years, several cardiac repair strategies including stem cell injection, cardiac progenitors or myocardial tissue engineering have been investigated. Recent improvements in cell biology allow for the differentiation of large amounts of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). One of the cardiac repair strategies currently under evaluation is to transplant artificial heart tissue. Engineered heart tissue (EHT) is a three-dimensional in vitro created cardiomyocyte network, with functional properties of native heart tissue. We have created EHT-patches from hiPSC derived cardiomyocytes. Here we present a protocol for the induction of left ventricular myocardial cryoinjury in a guinea pig, followed by implantation of hiPSC derived EHT on the left ventricular wall.

Here we present a protocol for the induction of left ventricular cryoinjury followed by the implantation of a cardiac muscle patch, derived from human iPS-cell cardiomyocytes in a guinea pig model.

기니 돼지 모델에서 심근 손상 후 심장 근육 패치 hiPSC 파생의 이식

Due to the limited regeneration capacity of the heart in adult mammals, myocardial infarction results in an irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes. This loss ...

A Pre-Clinical Porcine Model of Orthotopic Heart Transplantation

Fifty-years following the first successful report, cardiac transplantation remains the gold-standard treatment for eligible patients with advanced heart failure. Multiple small-animal models of heart transplantation have been used to study the acute and long-term effects of novel therapies. However, few are tested and demonstrated success in clinical trials. It is of critical importance to evaluate new therapies in a clinically relevant large-animal model for efficient and reliable translation of basic studies&#39;&#160;findings. Here, we describe a pre-clinical large-animal (porcine) model of orthotopic heart transplantation that has been firmly established and previously used to investigate novel cardioprotective strategies. This procedure focuses on acute ischemia-reperfusion injury and is a reliable method to investigate novel interventions which have been tested and validated in smaller experimental models, such as the murine model. We demonstrate its usefulness in assessing cardiac performance during the early post-transplantation period and other potential possibilities enabled by the model.

Here, we describe a pre-clinical large-animal (porcine) model of orthotopic heart transplantation that has been firmly established and utilized to investigate novel cardioprotective strategies.

정형외 심장 이식의 전 임상 돼지 모델

Fifty-years following the first successful report, cardiac transplantation remains the gold-standard treatment for eligible patients with advanced heart ...

Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment for the Right Ventricular System and Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mice

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and severe cardiopulmonary disorder. Mice are a popular animal model used to mimic this disease. However, the evaluation of right ventricular pressure (RVP) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) remains technically challenging in mice. RVP and PAP are more difficult to measure than left ventricular pressure because of the anatomical differences between the left and right heart systems. In this paper, we describe a stable right heart hemodynamic measurement method and its validation using healthy and PAH mice. This method is based on open-chest surgery and mechanical ventilation support. It is a complicated procedure compared to closed chest procedures. While a well-trained surgeon is required for this surgery, the advantage of this procedure is that it can generate both RVP and PAP parameters at the same time, so it is a preferable procedure for the evaluation of PAH models.

Here, we present a protocol to perform an invasive hemodynamic assessment of the right ventricle and pulmonary artery in mice using an open-chest surgery approach.

마우스에 있는 우심실 시스템 및 저산소증 유도된 폐 동맥 고혈압을 위한 침략적인 혈역학 평가

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and severe cardiopulmonary disorder. Mice are a popular animal model used to mimic this disease. ...

A Pre-clinical Rat Model for the Study of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Reconstructive Microsurgery

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the main cause of flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery. The rat is the preferred preclinical animal model in many areas of biomedical research due to its cost-effectiveness and its translation to humans. This protocol describes a method to create a preclinical free skin flap model in rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury. The described 3 cm x 6 cm rat free skin flap model is easily obtained after the placement of several vascular ligatures and the section of the vascular pedicle. Then, 8 h after the ischemic insult and completion of the microsurgical anastomosis, the free skin flap develops the tissue damage. These ischemia-reperfusion injury-related damages can be studied in this model, making it a suitable model for evaluating therapeutic agents to address this pathophysiological process. Furthermore, two main monitoring techniques are described in the protocol for the assessment of this animal model: transit-time ultrasound technology and laser speckle contrast analysis.

Here, we describe a pre-clinical animal model for studying the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion injury in reconstructive microsurgery. This free skin flap model based on the superficial caudal epigastric vessels in the rat may also allow for the evaluation of different therapies and compounds to counteract ischemia-reperfusion injury-related damage.

재건 미세 수술에서 허혈 재관류 손상의 연구를위한 전 임상 쥐 모델

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the main cause of flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery. The rat is the preferred preclinical animal model in many ...

Use of an Integrated Low-Flow Anesthetic Vaporizer, Ventilator, and Physiological Monitoring System for Rodents

Low-flow digital vaporizers commonly utilize a syringe pump to directly administer volatile anesthetics into a stream of carrier gas. Per animal welfare recommendations, animals are warmed and monitored during procedures requiring anesthesia. Common anesthesia and physiological monitoring equipment include gas tanks, anesthetic vaporizers and stands, warming controllers and pads, mechanical ventilators, and pulse oximeters. A computer is also necessary for data collection and to run equipment software. In smaller spaces or when performing field work, it can be challenging to configure all this equipment in limited space.
The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate best practices for use of a low-flow digital vaporizer using both compressed oxygen and room air, along with an integrated mechanical ventilator, pulse oximeter, and far infrared warming as an all-inclusive anesthesia and physiological monitoring suite ideal for rodents.

Here, we present a protocol to safely and effectively administer anesthetic gas to mice using a digital, low flow anesthesia system with integrated ventilator and physiological monitoring modules.

설치류를 위한 통합 저유량 마취 기화기, 인공호흡기 및 생리적 모니터링 시스템 사용

Low-flow digital vaporizers commonly utilize a syringe pump to directly administer volatile anesthetics into a stream of carrier gas. Per animal welfare ...