Name: purkinje cell survival in organotypic cerebellar slice cultures
Uploaded: 2019-12-18T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Purkinje Cell Survival in Organotypic Cerebellar Slice Cultures at JoVE.com

Imaging work werd uitgevoerd in het Northwestern University Center voor geavanceerde microscopie royaal ondersteund door NCI CCSG P30 CA060553 toegekend aan het Robert H Lurie uitgebreide Kankercentrum. We danken Sean McDermott voor zijn technische assistentie en ondersteuning, en Maya Epstein voor de hand getekende illustraties getoond in Figuur 1.

Alle experimenten met dieren werden uitgevoerd in overeenstemming met de noordwestelijke universitaire dierenstudies Commissie.
1. bereiding voorafgaand aan organotypische cerebellaire segment culturen
<ol><li>In een celcultuurkap gespoten met 70% ethanol vooraf, bereid 200 mL kweekmedium in een 250 mL fles-top vacuüm filter aangesloten op een steriele fles ontvanger. Voeg 100 mL basale medium Eagle (BME) toe, 50 mL van de uitgebalanceerde zoutoplossing van Hanks (HBSS), 50 mL warmtegeïnac...

<ol>
	<li>Humpel, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organotypic+brain+slice+cultures:+A+review.">Organotypic brain slice cultures: A review.</a> Neuroscience. 305, 86-98 (2015).</li><li>Gahwiler, B. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organotypic+monolayer+cultures+of+nervous+tissue.">Organotypic monolayer cultures of nervous tissue.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 4 (4), 329-342 (1981).</li><li>Yamamoto, N., Kurotani, T., Toyama, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+connections+between+the+lateral+geniculate+nucleus+and+visual+cortex+in+vitro.">Neural connections between the lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex in vitro.</a> Science. 245 (4914), 192-194 (1989).</li><li>Dusart, I., Airaksinen, M. S., Sotelo, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purkinje+cell+survival+and+axonal+regeneration+are+age+dependent:+an+in+vitro+study.">Purkinje cell survival and axonal regeneration are age dependent: an in vitro study.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 17 (10), 3710-3726 (1997).</li><li>Wiegreffe, C., Feldmann, S., Gaessler, S., Britsch, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Time-lapse+Confocal+Imaging+of+Migrating+Neurons+in+Organotypic+Slice+Culture+of+Embryonic+Mouse+Brain+Using+In+Utero+Electroporation.">Time-lapse Confocal Imaging of Migrating Neurons in Organotypic Slice Culture of Embryonic Mouse Brain Using In Utero Electroporation.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (125), e55886 (2017).</li><li>Daviaud, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modeling+nigrostriatal+degeneration+in+organotypic+cultures,+a+new+ex+vivo+model+of+Parkinson's+disease.">Modeling nigrostriatal degeneration in organotypic cultures, a new ex vivo model of Parkinson's disease.</a> Neuroscience. 256, 10-22 (2014).</li><li>Ghoumari, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mifepristone+(RU486)+protects+Purkinje+cells+from+cell+death+in+organotypic+slice+cultures+of+postnatal+rat+and+mouse+cerebellum.">Mifepristone (RU486) protects Purkinje cells from cell death in organotypic slice cultures of postnatal rat and mouse cerebellum.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (13), 7953-7958 (2003).</li><li>Labombarda, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuroprotection+by+steroids+after+neurotrauma+in+organotypic+spinal+cord+cultures:+a+key+role+for+progesterone+receptors+and+steroidal+modulators+of+GABA(A)+receptors.">Neuroprotection by steroids after neurotrauma in organotypic spinal cord cultures: a key role for progesterone receptors and steroidal modulators of GABA(A) receptors.</a> Neuropharmacology. 71, 46-55 (2013).</li><li>Gao, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=P2X7+receptor-sensitivity+of+astrocytes+and+neurons+in+the+substantia+gelatinosa+of+organotypic+spinal+cord+slices+of+the+mouse+depends+on+the+length+of+the+culture+period.">P2X7 receptor-sensitivity of astrocytes and neurons in the substantia gelatinosa of organotypic spinal cord slices of the mouse depends on the length of the culture period.</a> Neuroscience. , 195-207 (2017).</li><li>Sundstrom, L., Morrison, B., Bradley, M., Pringle, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organotypic+cultures+as+tools+for+functional+screening+in+the+CNS.">Organotypic cultures as tools for functional screening in the CNS.</a> Drug Discovery Today. 10 (14), 993-1000 (2005).</li><li>Jankowski, J., Miething, A., Schilling, K., Baader, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physiological+purkinje+cell+death+is+spatiotemporally+organized+in+the+developing+mouse+cerebellum.">Physiological purkinje cell death is spatiotemporally organized in the developing mouse cerebellum.</a> Cerebellum. 8 (3), 277-290 (2009).</li><li>Ghoumari, A. M., Wehrle, R., Bernard, O., Sotelo, C., Dusart, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Implication+of+Bcl-2+and+Caspase-3+in+age-related+Purkinje+cell+death+in+murine+organotypic+culture:+an+in+vitro+model+to+study+apoptosis.">Implication of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in age-related Purkinje cell death in murine organotypic culture: an in vitro model to study apoptosis.</a> European Journal of Neuroscience. 12 (8), 2935-2949 (2000).</li><li>Ghoumari, A. M., Wehrle, R., De Zeeuw, C. I., Sotelo, C., Dusart, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+protein+kinase+C+prevents+Purkinje+cell+death+but+does+not+affect+axonal+regeneration.">Inhibition of protein kinase C prevents Purkinje cell death but does not affect axonal regeneration.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 22 (9), 3531-3542 (2002).</li><li>Ghoumari, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuroprotective+effect+of+mifepristone+involves+neuron+depolarization.">Neuroprotective effect of mifepristone involves neuron depolarization.</a> FASEB Journal. 20 (9), 1377-1386 (2006).</li><li>Repici, M., Wehrle, R., Antoniou, X., Borsello, T., Dusart, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=c-Jun+N-terminal+kinase+(JNK)+and+p38+play+different+roles+in+age-related+Purkinje+cell+death+in+murine+organotypic+culture.">c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 play different roles in age-related Purkinje cell death in murine organotypic culture.</a> Cerebellum. 10 (2), 281-290 (2011).</li><li>Rakotomamonjy, J., Ghoumari, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Brain-Derived+Neurotrophic+Factor+Is+Required+for+the+Neuroprotective+Effect+of+Mifepristone+on+Immature+Purkinje+Cells+in+Cerebellar+Slice+Culture.">Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is Required for the Neuroprotective Effect of Mifepristone on Immature Purkinje Cells in Cerebellar Slice Culture.</a> International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 20 (2), (2019).</li><li>Stoppini, L., Buchs, P. A., Muller, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+method+for+organotypic+cultures+of+nervous+tissue.">A simple method for organotypic cultures of nervous tissue.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 37 (2), 173-182 (1991).</li><li>Linkert, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metadata+matters:+access+to+image+data+in+the+real+world.">Metadata matters: access to image data in the real world.</a> Journal of Cell Biology. 189 (5), 777-782 (2010).</li><li>Uesaka, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organotypic+coculture+preparation+for+the+study+of+developmental+synapse+elimination+in+mammalian+brain.">Organotypic coculture preparation for the study of developmental synapse elimination in mammalian brain.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 32 (34), 11657-11670 (2012).</li><li>Falsig, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prion+pathogenesis+is+faithfully+reproduced+in+cerebellar+organotypic+slice+cultures.">Prion pathogenesis is faithfully reproduced in cerebellar organotypic slice cultures.</a> PLoS Pathogens. 8 (11), 1002985 (2012).</li><li>Bouslama-Oueghlani, L., Wehrle, R., Sotelo, C., Dusart, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+developmental+loss+of+the+ability+of+Purkinje+cells+to+regenerate+their+axons+occurs+in+the+absence+of+myelin:+an+in+vitro+model+to+prevent+myelination.">The developmental loss of the ability of Purkinje cells to regenerate their axons occurs in the absence of myelin: an in vitro model to prevent myelination.</a> Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (23), 8318-8329 (2003).</li><li>Apuschkin, M., Ougaard, M., Rekling, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spontaneous+calcium+waves+in+granule+cells+in+cerebellar+slice+cultures.">Spontaneous calcium waves in granule cells in cerebellar slice cultures.</a> Neuroscience Letters. 553, 78-83 (2013).</li><li>Audinat, E., Knopfel, T., Gahwiler, B. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Responses+to+excitatory+amino+acids+of+Purkinje+cells'+and+neurones+of+the+deep+nuclei+in+cerebellar+slice+cultures.">Responses to excitatory amino acids of Purkinje cells' and neurones of the deep nuclei in cerebellar slice cultures.</a> Journal of Physiology. 430, 297-313 (1990).</li></ol>

Cerebellaire segment cultuur is een krachtig hulpmiddel om geprogrammeerde Purkinje celdood te bestuderen tijdens de postnatale ontwikkeling. Deze techniek kan worden gebruikt om snel kandidaatmoleculen voor hun neuroprotectieve potentieel te scherm. Het belangrijkste voordeel is dat de installatie eenvoudig en zeer kosteneffectief is, en alleen een bescheiden investering in apparatuur vereist (een vibratome kan tot 3 keer meer kosten dan een weefsel Chopper). Bovendien kunnen 10 tot 15 gezonde schijfjes worden gegeneree...

In vitro Modeling is een essentieel instrument in biomedisch onderzoek. Het stelt onderzoekers in staat om specifieke mechanismen in beperkte celtypen te bestuderen en nauw te beheersen, of in geïsoleerde systemen/organen. Organotypic slice Culture is een veel gebruikte in vitro techniek, vooral op het gebied van neurowetenschappen1. De methode werd voor het eerst vastgesteld door Gähwiler, die hersenen plakjes met behulp van de roller Tube techniek2, en later gewijzigd door Yamamoto et al., die introduceerde het gebruik van een microporeus membraan voor het uitvoeren van corticale segment culturen3. In vergelijking met primaire celculturen presenteren organotypische segment culturen het voordeel van het behoud van de cytoarchitectuur van het weefsel, evenals inheemse celcelverbindingen in het vlak van de weefsel sectie.
Organotypic plakjes zijn gekweekt uit vele delen van het centrale zenuwstelsel, zoals de Hippocampus4, cortex5, striatum6, cerebellum4,7, en ruggenmerg8,9, onder anderen. Ze zijn bewezen een krachtig instrument in de Drug Discovery studies10. De effecten van neuroactieve moleculen kunnen op vele manieren worden beoordeeld: overleving en neurodegeneratie met behulp van immunokleuring en biochemie testen, neuronale circuit vorming, of verstoring met behulp van elektrofysiologie en live-beeldvorming.
Het doel van dit werk is om een eenvoudige methode te beschrijven om organotypische cerebellaire segment cultuur uit te voeren, waarvan bekend is dat het een relevant model is om de Cerebellaire ontwikkeling in vitro na te bootsen. In het bijzonder richtten we ons op de studie van de Purkinje Cell-ontwikkelings dood. In vivo ondergaan de Purkinje-cellen apoptosis tijdens de eerste postnatale week, met een piek op postnatale dag 3 (P3)11. Hetzelfde patroon wordt waargenomen in cerebellaire segment cultuur, met Purkinje neuronen sterven door apoptosis wanneer cerebella worden genomen van dieren tussen P1 en P8, met een piek op P34,12. Het gebruik van de organotypische cerebellaire segment culturen heeft het toegestaan verschillende neuroprotectieve moleculen7,13te identificeren en een deel van de mechanismen te begrijpen die betrokken zijn bij deze geprogrammeerde celdood14,15,16. Hier beschrijven we een protocol op basis van de studie van Stoppini et al.17 in Hippocampus, en aangepast aan cerebellum door Dusart et al.4 het omvat snelle dissectie en hakken van postnatale cerebella; snijden cultuur op een celkweek invoegen met een microporeus membraan, met of zonder neuroprotectieve behandeling; en immunofluorescentie kleuring om neuronale overleving te beoordelen.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 594 Donkey anti-Mouse IgG secondary antibody</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher scientific</td>
			<td>A21203</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Basal Medium Eagle (BME)</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher scientific</td>
			<td>21010046</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biosafety cabinet Class II, Type A2</td>
			<td>NuAire</td>
			<td>NU-540-400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>A2153</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Brush</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-Calbindin D-28K antibody (CB-955)</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab82812</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2 Incubator</td>
			<td>NuAire</td>
			<td>NU-5700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning Costar Flat Bottom 6-well Cell Culture Plates</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>07-200-83</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coverslips, 22 x 50 mm</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-545-E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dressing forceps, straight</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>72-8949</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Double edge blades</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>50949411</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol 200 proof</td>
			<td>Decon Labs, Inc</td>
			<td>2701</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eye Scissors, straight</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>72-8428</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine forceps</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>16-100-127</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine 100X</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher scientific</td>
			<td>25030149</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glucose solution</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher scientific</td>
			<td>A2494001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher scientific</td>
			<td>14025092</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst 33342, Trihydrochloride, Trihydrate</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>H21492</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Horse Serum, heat inactivated, New Zealand origin</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher scientific</td>
			<td>26050088</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ImageJ</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>McIlwain Tissue Chopper</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9914528</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microprobes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>08-850</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Millicell Cell Culture Inserts</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>PICM0RG50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nalgene Rapid-Flow Sterile Disposable Filter Units with PES Membrane, 250 mL</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher scientific</td>
			<td>168-0045</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nikon A1R confocal laser microscope system</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NIS-Elements Imaging Software</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Acros Organics</td>
			<td>41678-0010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pasteur pipets</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-678-20D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP366-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ProLong Gold Antifade Mountant</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher scientific</td>
			<td>P10144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Operating Scissors, straight</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>72-8403</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Orbital shaker Belly Dancer</td>
			<td>IBI Scientific</td>
			<td>BDRLS0003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Prism 8</td>
			<td>GraphPad</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Superfrost Plus Microscope Slides</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-550-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue Culture Dish, 60 mm w/ grip ring</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>FB012921</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue culture plate, 24 well</td>
			<td>Falcon/Corning</td>
			<td>353047</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transfer pipettes, sterile</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher scientific</td>
			<td>13-711-21</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher scientific</td>
			<td>BP151-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

purkinje cell survival in organotypic cerebellar slice cultures

Organotypic slice Culture is een krachtig in-vitro model dat in vivo condities nauwer bootst dan dissociatie van primaire celculturen. In de vroege postnatale ontwikkeling, cerebellaire Purkinje cellen zijn bekend om te gaan door middel van een kwetsbare periode, waarin ze ondergaan geprogrammeerde celdood. Hier bieden we een gedetailleerd protocol voor het uitvoeren van de organotypische cerebellaire segment cultuur van de muis tijdens deze kritieke tijd. De plakjes zijn verder gelabeld om de overleving van de Purkinje-cel en de werkzaamheid van neuroprotectieve behandelingen te beoordelen. Deze methode kan zeer waardevol zijn voor het scherm voor nieuwe neuroactieve moleculen.

Zoals weergegeven in Figuur 4, produceert dit protocol organotypische cerebellaire segment culturen waarin de overleving van de Purkinje-cel kan worden beoordeeld na de immunofluorescentie-en beeldverwervings stappen. Purkinje-cellen werden gelabeld met een combinatie van anti-Calbindin D-28K (verdunning 1/200) en Alexa594 anti-muis (verdunning 1/300) antilichamen. Beeld stiksels werd automatisch gedaan door de Microscoop acquisitie software (NIS-elementen) om een foto van de hele cerebellai...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Purkinje Cell Survival in Organotypic Cerebellar Slice Cultures at JoVE.com

Purkinje Cell Survival in Organotypic Cerebellar Slice Cultures

Organotypische segment culturen zijn een krachtig hulpmiddel om neuroontwikkelingsof degeneratieve/regeneratieve processen te bestuderen. Hier beschrijven we een protocol dat de neuroontwikkelingsdood van Purkinje-cellen in muizen cerebellaire segment culturen modelheeft. Deze methode kan profiteren van onderzoek in neuroprotectieve Drug Discovery.

Purkinje-celoverleving in Organotypische cerebellaire segment culturen

Organotypic slice culture is a powerful in vitro model that mimicks in vivo conditions more closely than dissociated primary cell cultures. In early ...

Organotypic slice cultuur is een krachtig instrument voor het bestuderen van neuroontwikkeling en degeneratieve of regeneratieve processen. Deze techniek kan worden gebruikt om snel kandidaat moleculen screenen op hun neuroprotectieve potentieel. Deze methode bootst in vivo omstandigheden nauw na, in vergelijking met gescheiden primaire celculturen, omdat de weefselsetarchitectuur en inheemse celcelverbindingen binnen de vlakken van de secties worden bewaard.Hier tonen we de studie van Purkinje celdood in het zich ontwikkelende cerebellum. Maar organotypic slice cultuur is even geschikt om neurodegeneratieve ziekten model in bijna elk centraal zenuwstelsel regio. Het aantonen van de procedure met Jennifer Rakotomamonjy zal Sean McDermott, een technicus van mijn laboratorium.Voor het oogsten van de cerebellar plakjes, in een gesteriliseerde bioveiligheid kabinet, vul elke put van een zes-put cultuur plaat met een milliliter van vacuüm gefilterde cultuur medium, en voeg de farmacologische agent van belang aan de behandeling putten, en een gelijk volume van het voertuig aan de controle putten. Met behulp van steriele tangen, plaats een 0,4-micrometer porie grootte PTFE membraan filter invoegen in elke put, waarbij ervoor wordt gezorgd dat bellen op de interface van elk membraan en het medium te voorkomen, en equilibrate het medium in een 37 graden Celsius en 5% kooldioxide incubator voor twee uur. Om het cerebellum te oogsten, gebruik je rechte dressingforceps om het hoofd van de pup bij de neus te grijpen en gebruik je rechte oogschaar om de hoofdhuid van het achterste uiteinde zijdelings naar de middellijn te snijden.Snijd de schedel open op dezelfde manier, wijzen de schaar tips naar buiten om te voorkomen dat beschadiging van het cerebellum, en gebruik een spatel om de hersenen over te dragen aan een 60-millimeter schotel met koude HBSS en vijf milligram per milliliter glucose. Gebruik de rechte dressing tangen om zorgvuldig ontleden van de cerebellum, en gebruik steriele gebogen fijne tangen om het weefsel te plaatsen op een plastic schijf op de snijtafel van een weefsel chopper. Draai de snijtafel om het weefsel te oriënteren om de verwerving van parasagittale secties mogelijk te maken en trek de tafelaftrekknop naar rechts om de snijtafel te verplaatsen totdat het blad aan de rand van het weefsel is geplaatst.Stel vervolgens de plakdikte aan op 350 micrometer en de bladsnelheid op medium en start de chopper. Wanneer het hele cerebellum is gesneden, zet u de helikopter uit. Houd de schijf met behulp van steriele tangen over een nieuwe schaal van 60 millimeter.Gebruik een transfer pipet om HBSS plus glucose over de schijf te spoelen, zodat de plakjes in de schaal vallen. Vervolgens, het aanraken van de monsters zo minimaal mogelijk, gebruik maken van een microsonde om de plakjes te scheiden. Gebruik de overdracht pipet om delen van het cerebellum dicht bij de vermis te selecteren op individuele celcultuur inserts in de zes-put plaat, en gebruik de microprobe om de plakjes positie in het midden van elke insert.Wanneer alle plakjes zijn geplaatst, zorgvuldig aspirate eventuele overtollige HBSS plus glucose, en de plaat terug te keren naar de cel cultuur incubator. Voor immunofluorescentie kleuring, verwijder de supernatant uit elke put, en was de inserts met PBS. Bevestig de plakjes met een milliliter koude 4%paraformaldehyde in de put van elke insert, en 500 microliter op de top van elke insert voor een uur.Aan het einde van de fixatie, was de inzetstukken vier keer gedurende 10 minuten met een milliliter verse PBS onder elke insert en 500 microliter verse PBS op de top van elke insert per wasbeurt op een orbitale shaker. Vul elke put van een 24-put plaat voor met 500 microliters PBS-TB en gebruik een penseel om de cerebellar-plakjes van elke celcultuur over te brengen in afzonderlijke putten van een 24-putplaat. Doordringt en blokkeer de plakjes op kamertemperatuur gedurende een uur.Aan het einde van de incubatie, etiketteren de cellen met 200 microliters van de primaire antilichaam van belang verdund in PBS-TB per goed 's nachts op vier graden Celsius op de orbitale shaker. De volgende ochtend was je de plakjes vier keer gedurende 10 minuten en 500 microliters verse PBS per wasbeurt op de shaker, voordat je de monsters labelt met de juiste fluorofoforische secundaire antilichamen gedurende twee uur bij kamertemperatuur op de shaker, beschermd tegen licht. Aan het einde van de incubatie, tegensmet de secties met 500 microliters van een geschikte nucleaire vlek per put gedurende 10 minuten bij kamertemperatuur, beschermd tegen licht.En gebruik een transfer pipet om de plakjes op glazen platen te monteren. Laat vervolgens de secties lucht volledig drogen voordat ze hydrateren met PBS en de weefsels monteren met coverslips bedekt met ongeveer 80 microliters van montagemedium. Zodra het montagemedium is uitgehard, zijn de cerebellar secties klaar om in beeld te worden afgebeeld.Op postnatale dag zes, Purkinje cel overleving is laag in de controle monsters, in overeenstemming met hun bekende kwetsbaarheid venster. De overleving neemt toe naarmate het donordier ouder wordt en deze kritieke periode verlaat. De behandeling van cerebellar-plakjes met een hoge concentratie kaliumchloride resulteert in een succesvolle inductie van hun depolarisatie en overleving.Om consistente en reproduceerbare resultaten te verkrijgen, is het van cruciaal belang om gezonde cerebellar-secties te selecteren en de cultuuropstelling zo efficiënt mogelijk uit te voeren. Post-cultuurtoepassingen gaan verder dan immunofluorescentie. Als organotypic plakjes kunnen worden gebruikt voor genoom eiwit expressie studies, en voor het toezicht op neuronale circuit activiteit met behulp van elektrofysiologie en calcium live imaging.

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Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Organotypic Slice Culture of GFP-expressing Mouse Embryos for Real-time Imaging of Peripheral Nerve Outgrowth

For many purposes, the cultivation of mouse embryos ex vivo as organotypic slices is desirable. For example, we employ a transgenic mouse line (tauGFP) in which the enhanced version of the green fluorescent protein (EGFP) is exclusively expressed in all neurons of the developing central and peripheral nervous system1, allowing the possibility to both film the innervation of the forelimb and to manipulate this process with pharmacological and genetic techniques2. The most critical parameter in the successful cultivation of such slice cultures is the method by which the slices are prepared. After extensive testing of a variety of methods, we have found that a vibratome is the best possible device to slice the embryos such that they routinely result in a culture that demonstrates viability over a period of several days, and most importantly, develops in an age-specific manner. For mid-gestation embryos, this includes the normal outgrowth of spinal nerves from the spinal cord and the dorsal root ganglia to their targets in the periphery and the proper determination of skeletal and muscle tissue. 
In this work, we present a method for processing whole embryos of embryonic day (E) E10 to E12 into 300 - 400 micrometer slices for cultivation in a standard tissue culture incubator, which can be studied for up to two days after slice preparation. Critical for the success of this approach is the use of a vibratome to slice each agarose-embedded embryo. This is followed by the cultivation of the slices upon Millicell culture membrane inserts placed upon a small volume of medium, resulting in an interface culture technique. One litter with an average of 7 embryos routinely produces at least 14 slices (2-3 slices of the forelimb region per embryo), which varies slightly due to the age of the embryos as well as to the thickness of the slices. About 80% of the cultured slices show nerve outgrowth, which can be measured througout the culturing period2. Representative results using the tauGFP mouse line are demonstrated.

We present a method to prepare organotypic slices of mid-gestation mouse embryos for the cultivation and time-lapse imaging of peripheral nerve outgrowth.

Organotypische Slice Cultuur van GFP-expressie muis embryo&#39;s voor real-time beeldvorming van perifere zenuwen uitgroei

For many purposes, the cultivation of mouse embryos ex vivo as organotypic slices is desirable. For example, we employ a transgenic mouse line (tauGFP) in ...

Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures

The hippocampus, a component of the limbic system, plays important roles in long-term memory and spatial navigation 1. Hippocampal neurons can modify the strength of their connections after brief periods of strong activation. This phenomenon, known as long-term potentiation (LTP) can last for hours or days and has become the best candidate mechanism for learning and memory 2. In addition, the well defined anatomy and connectivity of the hippocampus 3 has made it a classical model system to study synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity4.
As our understanding of the physiology of hippocampal synapses grew and molecular players became identified, a need to manipulate synaptic proteins became imperative. Organotypic hippocampal cultures offer the possibility for easy gene manipulation and precise pharmacological intervention but maintain synaptic organization that is critical to understanding synapse function in a more naturalistic context than routine culture dissociated neurons methods.
Here we present a method to prepare and culture hippocampal slices that can be easily adapted to other brain regions. This method allows easy access to the slices for genetic manipulation using different approaches like viral infection 5,6 or biolistics 7. In addition, slices can be easily recovered for biochemical assays 8, or transferred to microscopes for imaging 9 or electrophysiological experiments 10.

We describe a method to prepare organotypic hippocampal slices that can be easily adapted to other brain regions. Brain slices are laid on porous membranes and culture media is allowed to form an interface. This method preserves the gross architecture of the hippocampus for up to 2 weeks in culture.

Organotypische hippocampus Slice culturen

The hippocampus, a component of the limbic system, plays important roles in long-term memory and spatial navigation 1. Hippocampal neurons can modify the ...

Organotypic Cerebellar Cultures: Apoptotic Challenges and Detection

Organotypic cultures of neuronal tissue were first introduced by Hogue in 1947 1,2 and have constituted a major breakthrough in the field of neuroscience. Since then, the technique was developed further and currently there are many different ways to prepare organotypic cultures. The method presented here was adapted from the one described by Stoppini et al. for the preparation of the slices and from Gogolla et al. for the staining procedure 3,4.
A unique feature of this technique is that it allows you to study different parts of the brain such as hippocampus or cerebellum in their original structure, providing a big advantage over dissociated cultures in which all the cellular organization and neuronal networks are disrupted. In the case of the cerebellum it is even more advantageous because it allows the study of Purkinje cells, extremely difficult to obtain as dissociated primary culture. This method can be used to study certain developmental features of the cerebellum in vitro, as well as for electrophysiological and pharmacological experiments in both wild type and mutant mice.
The method described here was designed to study the effect of apoptotic stimuli such as Fas ligand in the developing cerebellum, using TUNEL staining to measure apoptotic cell death. If TUNEL staining is combined with cell type specific markers, such as Calbindin for Purkinje cells, it is possible to evaluate cell death in a cell population specific manner. The Calbindin staining also serves the purpose of evaluating the quality of the cerebellar cultures.

This method describes the generation of organotypic cerebellar cultures and the effect of certain apoptotic stimuli on the viability of different cerebellar cell types.

Organotypische Cerebellaire culturen: apoptotische uitdagingen en Detectie

Organotypic cultures of neuronal tissue were first introduced by Hogue in 1947 1,2 and have constituted a major breakthrough in the field of neuroscience. ...

Whole Cell Recording from an Organotypic Slice Preparation of Neocortex

We have been studying the expression and functional roles of voltage-gated potassium channels in pyramidal neurons from rat neocortex. Because of the lack of specific pharmacological agents for these channels, we have taken a genetic approach to manipulating channel expression. We use an organotypic culture preparation (16) in order to maintain cell morphology and the laminar pattern of cortex. We typically isolate acute neocortical slices at postnatal days 8-10 and maintain the slices in culture for 3-7 days. This allows us to study neurons at a similar age to those in our work with acute slices and minimizes the development of exuberant excitatory connections in the slice. We record from visually-identified pyramidal neurons in layers II/III or V using infrared illumination (IR-) and differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC) with whole cell patch clamp in current- or voltage-clamp. We use biolistic (Gene gun) transfection of wild type or mutant potassium channel DNA to manipulate expression of the channels to study their function. The transfected cells are easily identified by epifluorescence microscopy after co-transfection with cDNA for green fluorescent protein (GFP). We compare recordings of transfected cells to adjacent, untransfected neurons in the same layer from the same slice.

This is a protocol to prepare and maintain a neocortical slice preparation in organotypic culture for the purpose of making electrical recordings from pyramidal neurons.

Hele Cell Opnemen van een organotypische Slice Voorbereiding van de neocortex

We have been studying the expression and functional roles of voltage-gated potassium channels in pyramidal neurons from rat neocortex.  Because of the ...

Organotypic Slice Cultures of Embryonic Ventral Midbrain: A System to Study Dopaminergic Neuronal Development in vitro

The mouse is an excellent model organism to study mammalian brain development due to the abundance of molecular and genetic data. However, the developing mouse brain is not suitable for easy manipulation and imaging in vivo since the mouse embryo is inaccessible and opaque. Organotypic slice cultures of embryonic brains are therefore widely used to study murine brain development in vitro. Ex-vivo manipulation or the use of transgenic mice allows the modification of gene expression so that subpopulations of neuronal or glial cells can be labeled with fluorescent proteins. The behavior of labeled cells can then be observed using time-lapse imaging. Time-lapse imaging has been particularly successful for studying cell behaviors that underlie the development of the cerebral cortex at late embryonic stages 1-2. Embryonic organotypic slice culture systems in brain regions outside of the forebrain are less well established. Therefore, the wealth of time-lapse imaging data describing neuronal cell migration is restricted to the forebrain 3,4. It is still not known, whether the principles discovered for the dorsal brain hold true for ventral brain areas. In the ventral brain, neurons are organized in neuronal clusters rather than layers and they often have to undergo complicated migratory trajectories to reach their final position. The ventral midbrain is not only a good model system for ventral brain development, but also contains neuronal populations such as dopaminergic neurons that are relevant in disease processes. While the function and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons has been investigated in great detail in the adult and ageing brain, little is known about the behavior of these neurons during their differentiation and migration phase 5. We describe here the generation of slice cultures from the embryonic day (E) 12.5 mouse ventral midbrain. These slice cultures are potentially suitable for monitoring dopaminergic neuron development over several days in vitro. We highlight the critical steps in generating brain slices at these early stages of embryonic development and discuss the conditions necessary for maintaining normal development of dopaminergic neurons in vitro. We also present results from time lapse imaging experiments. In these experiments, ventral midbrain precursors (including dopaminergic precursors) and their descendants were labeled in a mosaic manner using a Cre/loxP based inducible fate mapping system 6.

Organotypic Slice Cultures of Embryonic Ventral Midbrain: A System to Study Dopaminergic Neuronal Development in vitro

A method to generate organotypic slices from the E12.5 murine embryonic midbrain is described. The organotypic slice cultures can be used to observe the behavior of dopaminergic neurons or other ventral midbrain neurons.

Organotypische Slice culturen van embryonale ventrale middenhersenen: Een systeem om Dopaminerge Neuronale Development Study In vitro</em

The  mouse is an excellent model organism to study mammalian brain development due  to the abundance of molecular and genetic data. However, the ...

The Analysis of Purkinje Cell Dendritic Morphology in Organotypic Slice Cultures

Purkinje cells are an attractive model system for studying dendritic development, because they have an impressive dendritic tree which is strictly oriented in the sagittal plane and develops mostly in the postnatal period in small rodents 3. Furthermore, several antibodies are available which selectively and intensively label Purkinje cells including all processes, with anti-Calbindin D28K being the most widely used. For viewing of dendrites in living cells, mice expressing EGFP selectively in Purkinje cells 11 are available through Jackson labs. Organotypic cerebellar slice cultures cells allow easy experimental manipulation of Purkinje cell dendritic development because most of the dendritic expansion of the Purkinje cell dendritic tree is actually taking place during the culture period 4. We present here a short, reliable and easy protocol for viewing and analyzing the dendritic morphology of Purkinje cells grown in organotypic cerebellar slice cultures. For many purposes, a quantitative evaluation of the Purkinje cell dendritic tree is desirable. We focus here on two parameters, dendritic tree size and branch point numbers, which can be rapidly and easily determined from anti-calbindin stained cerebellar slice cultures. These two parameters yield a reliable and sensitive measure of changes of the Purkinje cell dendritic tree. Using the example of treatments with the protein kinase C (PKC) activator PMA and the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) we demonstrate how differences in the dendritic development are visualized and quantitatively assessed. The combination of the presence of an extensive dendritic tree, selective and intense immunostaining methods, organotypic slice cultures which cover the period of dendritic growth and a mouse model with Purkinje cell specific EGFP expression make Purkinje cells a powerful model system for revealing the mechanisms of dendritic development.

We present a protocol that permits to view and to quantitatively asses the morphology of the dendritic tree of individual Purkinje cells grown in organotypic cerebellar slice cultures. This protocol is intended to promote studies on the mechanisms of Purkinje cell dendritic development.

De Analyse van de Purkinje cel dendritische morfologie in organotypische slice culturen

Purkinje cells are an attractive model system for studying dendritic development, because they have an impressive dendritic tree which is strictly ...

Post-embedding Immunogold Labeling of Synaptic Proteins in Hippocampal Slice Cultures

Immunoelectron microscopy is a powerful tool to study biological molecules at the subcellular level. Antibodies coupled to electron-dense markers such as colloidal gold can reveal the localization and distribution of specific antigens in various tissues1. The two most widely used techniques are pre-embedding and post-embedding techniques. In pre-embedding immunogold-electron microscopy (EM) techniques, the tissue must be permeabilized to allow antibody penetration before it is embedded. These techniques are ideal for preserving structures but poor penetration of the antibody (often only the first few micrometers) is a considerable drawback2. The post-embedding labeling methods can avoid this problem because labeling takes place on sections of fixed tissues where antigens are more easily accessible. Over the years, a number of modifications have improved the post-embedding methods to enhance immunoreactivity and to preserve ultrastructure3-5.
Tissue fixation is a crucial part of EM studies. Fixatives chemically crosslink the macromolecules to lock the tissue structures in place. The choice of fixative affects not only structural preservation but also antigenicity and contrast. Osmium tetroxide (OsO4), formaldehyde, and glutaraldehyde have been the standard fixatives for decades, including for central nervous system (CNS) tissues that are especially prone to structural damage during chemical and physical processing. Unfortunately, OsO4 is highly reactive and has been shown to mask antigens6, resulting in poor and insufficient labeling. Alternative approaches to avoid chemical fixation include freezing the tissues. But these techniques are difficult to perform and require expensive instrumentation. To address some of these problems and to improve CNS tissue labeling, Phend et al. replaced OsO4 with uranyl acetate (UA) and tannic acid (TA), and successfully introduced additional modifications to improve the sensitivity of antigen detection and structural preservation in brain and spinal cord tissues7. We have adopted this osmium-free post-embedding method to rat brain tissue and optimized the immunogold labeling technique to detect and study synaptic proteins.
We present here a method to determine the ultrastructural localization of synaptic proteins in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. We use organotypic hippocampal cultured slices. These slices maintain the trisynaptic circuitry of the hippocampus, and thus are especially useful for studying synaptic plasticity, a mechanism widely thought to underlie learning and memory. Organotypic hippocampal slices from postnatal day 5 and 6 mouse/rat pups can be prepared as described previously8, and are especially useful to acutely knockdown or overexpress exogenous proteins. We have previously used this protocol to characterize neurogranin (Ng), a neuron-specific protein with a critical role in regulating synaptic function8,9 . We have also used it to characterize the ultrastructural localization of calmodulin (CaM) and Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)10. As illustrated in the results, this protocol allows good ultrastructural preservation of dendritic spines and efficient labeling of Ng to help characterize its distribution in the spine8. Furthermore, the procedure described here can have wide applicability in studying many other proteins involved in neuronal functions.

The localization and distribution of proteins provide important information for understanding their cellular functions. The superior spatial resolution of electron microscopy (EM) can be used to determine the subcellular localization of a given antigen following immunohistochemistry. For tissues of the central nervous system (CNS), preserving structural integrity while maintaining antigenicity has been especially difficult in EM studies. Here, we adopt a procedure that has been used to preserve structures and antigens in the CNS to study and characterize synaptic proteins in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.

Post-inbedding immunogold Etikettering van Synaptic eiwitten in de hippocampus slice culturen

Immunoelectron microscopy is a powerful tool to study biological molecules at the subcellular level. Antibodies coupled to electron-dense markers such as ...

Organotypic Slice Cultures to Study Oligodendrocyte Dynamics and Myelination

NG2 expressing cells (polydendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells) are the fourth major glial cell population in the central nervous system. During embryonic and postnatal development they actively proliferate and generate myelinating oligodendrocytes. These cells have commonly been studied in primary dissociated cultures, neuron cocultures, and in fixed tissue. Using newly available transgenic mouse lines slice culture systems can be used to investigate proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in both gray and white matter regions of the forebrain and cerebellum. Slice cultures are prepared from early postnatal mice and are kept in culture for up to 1 month. These slices can be imaged multiple times over the culture period to investigate cellular behavior and interactions. This method allows visualization of NG2 cell division and the steps leading to oligodendrocyte differentiation while enabling detailed analysis of region-dependent NG2 cell and oligodendrocyte functional heterogeneity. This is a powerful technique that can be used to investigate the intrinsic and extrinsic signals influencing these cells over time in a cellular environment that closely resembles that found in vivo.

A technique to study NG2 cells and oligodendrocytes using a slice culture system of the forebrain and cerebellum is described. This method allows examination of the dynamics of proliferation and differentiation of cells within the oligodendrocyte lineage where the extracellular environment can be easily manipulated while maintaining tissue cytoarchitecture.

Organotypische Slice culturen om te studeren Oligodendrocyte Dynamics en Myelination

NG2 expressing cells (polydendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells) are the fourth major glial cell population in the central nervous system. During ...

The Analysis of Neurovascular Remodeling in Entorhino-hippocampal Organotypic Slice Cultures

Ischemic brain injury is among the most common and devastating conditions compromising proper brain function and often leads to persisting functional deficits in the affected patients. Despite intensive research efforts, there is still no effective treatment option available that reduces neuronal injury and protects neurons in the ischemic areas from delayed secondary death. Research in this area typically involves the use of elaborate and problematic animal models. Entorhino-hippocampal organotypic slice cultures challenged with oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) are established in&#160;vitro models which mimic cerebral ischemia. The novel aspect of this study is that changes of the brain blood vessels are studied in addition to neuronal changes and the reaction of both the neuronal compartment and the vascular compartment can be compared and correlated. The methods presented in this protocol substantially broaden the potential applications of the organotypic slice culture approach. The induction of OGD or hypoxia alone can be applied by rather simple means in organotypic slice cultures and leads to reliable and reproducible damage in the neural tissue. This is in stark contrast to the complicated and problematic animal experiments inducing stroke and ischemia in vivo. By broadening the analysis to include the study of the reaction of the vasculature could provide new ways on how to preserve and restore brain functions. The slice culture approach presented here might develop into an attractive and important tool for the study of ischemic brain injury and might be useful for testing potential therapeutic measures aimed at neuroprotection.

A protocol for entorhino-hippocampal organotypic slice cultures, which allows reproducing many aspects of ischemic brain injury, is presented. By studying changes of the neurovasculature in addition to changes in the neurons, this protocol is a versatile tool to study plastic changes in neural tissue after injury.

De Analyse van Neurovascular Verbouwing in Entorhino-hippocampus Organotypische Slice Culturen

Ischemic brain injury is among the most common and devastating conditions compromising proper brain function and often leads to persisting functional ...

Selective Depletion of Microglia from Cerebellar Granule Cell Cultures Using L-leucine Methyl Ester

Microglia, the resident immunocompetent cells of the CNS, play multifaceted roles in modulating and controlling neuronal function, as well as mediating innate immunity. Primary rodent cell culture models have greatly advanced our understanding of neuronal-glial interactions, but only recently have methods to specifically eliminate microglia from mixed cultures been utilized. One such technique &#8211; described here &#8211; is the use of L-leucine methyl ester, a lysomotropic agent that is internalized by macrophages and microglia, wherein it causes lysosomal disruption and subsequent apoptosis13,14. Experiments using L-leucine methyl ester have the power to identify the contribution of microglia to the surrounding cellular environment under diverse culture conditions. Using a protocol optimized in our laboratory, we describe how to eliminate microglia from P5 rodent cerebellar granule cell culture. This approach allows one to assess the relative impact of microglia on experimental data, as well as determine whether microglia are playing a neuroprotective or neurotoxic role in culture models of neurological conditions, such as stroke, Alzheimer&#8217;s or Parkinson&#8217;s disease.

Microglia can influence neurons and other glia in culture by various non-cell autonomous mechanisms. Here, we present a protocol to selectively deplete microglia from primary neuronal cultures. This method has the potential to elucidate the role of microglial-neuronal interactions, with implications for neurodegenerative conditions where neuroinflammation is a hallmark feature.

Selectieve Uitputting van Microglia van Cerebellaire Korrel celkweken behulp L-leucine Methyl Ester

Microglia, the resident immunocompetent cells of the CNS, play multifaceted roles in modulating and controlling neuronal function, as well as mediating ...