Name: examining changes in hrv and emotion following artmaking with three different art materials
Uploaded: 2020-01-11T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Examining Changes in HRV and Emotion Following Artmaking with Three Different Art Materials at JoVE.com

The production of the film was supported by the Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center.

This study was conducted with the approval of the Faculty of Social Welfare &#38; Health Sciences at the University of Haifa, ethics committee. Informed consent was obtained, and research was performed in compliance with Helsinki guidelines for human welfare.
NOTE: The research is conducted at a table, using art materials and a portable, wireless and non-invasive electrocardiogram (ECG) recording device.
1. Participant selection
<ol>
	<li>Recruit healthy participa...

<ol>
	<li>Kagin, S. L., Lusebrink, V. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+expressive+therapies+continuum.">The expressive therapies continuum.</a> Art Psychotherapy. 5 (4), 171-180 (1978).</li><li>Butler, E. A., Wilhelm, F. H., Gross, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Respiratory+sinus+arrhythmia,+emotion,+and+emotion+regulation+during+social+interaction.">Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, emotion, and emotion regulation during social interaction.</a> Psychophysiology. 43 (6), 612-622 (2006).</li><li>Balzarotti, S., Biassoni, F., Colombo, B., Ciceri, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+vagal+control+as+a+marker+of+emotion+regulation+in+healthy+adults:+A+review.">Cardiac vagal control as a marker of emotion regulation in healthy adults: A review.</a> Biological Psychology. 130, 54-66 (2017).</li><li>Kaimal, G., Ray, K., Muniz, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduction+of+Cortisol+Levels+and+Participants'+Responses+Following+Art+Making.">Reduction of Cortisol Levels and Participants' Responses Following Art Making.</a> Art Therapy. 33 (2), 74-80 (2016).</li><li>Bradley, M. M., Lang, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measuring+emotion:+the+self-assessment+manikin+and+the+semantic+differential.">Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential.</a> Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 25 (1), 49-59 (1994).</li><li>Jiang, J., Rickson, D., Jiang, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mechanism+of+music+for+reducing+psychological+stress:+Music+preference+as+a+mediator.">The mechanism of music for reducing psychological stress: Music preference as a mediator.</a> The Arts in Psychotherapy. 48, 62-68 (2016).</li><li>Haiblum-Itskovitch, S., Czamanski-Cohen, J., Galili, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Emotional+response+and+changes+in+heart+rate+variability+following+art-making+with+three+different+art+materials.">Emotional response and changes in heart rate variability following art-making with three different art materials.</a> Frontiers in Psychology. 9, (2018).</li><li>Allen, J. J., Chambers, A. S., Towers, D. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+many+metrics+of+cardiac+chronotropy:+a+pragmatic+primer+and+a+brief+comparison+of+metrics.">The many metrics of cardiac chronotropy: a pragmatic primer and a brief comparison of metrics.</a> Biological Psychology. 74 (2), 243-262 (2007).</li><li>Johnstone, J. A., Ford, P. A., Hughes, G., Watson, T., Garrett, A. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BioHarness&#8482;+multivariable+monitoring+device:+part.+I:+validity.">BioHarness&#8482; multivariable monitoring device: part. I: validity.</a> Journal of Sports Science &amp; Medicine. 11 (3), 400 (2012).</li><li>Johnstone, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Field+Based+Reliability+and+Validity+of+the+Bioharness&#8482;+Multivariable+Monitoring+Device.">Field Based Reliability and Validity of the Bioharness&#8482; Multivariable Monitoring Device.</a> Journal of Sports Science &amp; Medicine. 11 (4), 643-652 (2012).</li></ol>

This protocol is designed to measure differences in RSA during artmaking with art materials varying in their levels of fluidity7. The biopatch9,10 is a small round physiological monitoring telemetry device that attaches to a holster that connects to two Ag-AgCl disposable electrodes and enables the collection of physiological data, including basic ECG. The device stores and transmits vital sign data including ECG, heart rate, respiration r...

The purpose of this protocol is to examine the physiological and emotional response to artmaking in different conditions. In this case, the difference in response to art making with three different art materials varying in levels of fluidity is examined. The rationale behind the development of this experiment is to provide support for theories of art therapy claiming that artmaking with more fluid art materials is related to enhancing emotional expression1. Heart rate variability (HRV) in general, and respiratory sinus arrythmia (RSA) specifically, is indicative of emotional engagement and regulation2,3. In this study example, the order of the art materials used are randomized to control for an order effect. There are no other studies with this study design found.
The advantage of this method is that the ongoing measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) enables the examination of the physiological response to artmaking during the art making itself and it is noninvasive. This is in opposition to measuring bio-markers in blood or saliva following art making, which is important and relevant, but can be challenging to time accurately and requires uncomfortable (drooling in to a tube) or invasive (providing a blood sample) collection methods4.
This protocol can be adapted to measure response to a variety of behavioral activities, and art making with different materials. To do so, replace the artmaking with three materials with the desired behaviors to be examined. It is important to make sure that most elements of the behaviors being examined are similar other than the quality of the behavior being examined (i.e., the liquidity of the art material). Figure 1 is a flow chart of the experiment.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable Ag/AgCl electrodes</td>
			<td>Biopac</td>
			<td>EL501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drawing paper</td>
			<td>Stenoplast</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Echo gateway</td>
			<td>Medtronic</td>
			<td>9600.0303</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eraser</td>
			<td>Factis</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gouache paint</td>
			<td>Giotto</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HB pencil</td>
			<td>Milan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Omnisense 3.9.7</td>
			<td>Medtronic</td>
			<td>9700.0269</td>
			<td>Computer software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oil pastels 12 colors</td>
			<td>Talens</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zephyr biopatch</td>
			<td>Medtronic</td>
			<td>9600.041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

examining changes in hrv and emotion following artmaking with three different art materials

This protocol enables the examination of psychological and physiological responses to different types of behavioral engagements. Specifically, in this study example, the emotional response and changes in heart rate variability are examined in response to artmaking with three different art materials that vary in their levels of fluidity. This protocol can be adapted to examine other types of behavior or engagement in artmaking with other materials. There are several benefits to using this protocol. Firstly, the order randomization of the materials improves the probability that the response measured is associated with its qualities and not the order of presentation. Secondly, the continuous measuring of electrocardiogram enables the examination of changes in heart rate variability after engagement with each art material and changes that might occur during the artmaking itself. The advantages of this protocol should be considered with their limitations. The music listening is before each art making session; thus, the return to baseline can only be measured in the first two conditions. The return to baseline provides information on how fast individuals recover after response to working with each of the materials. Furthermore, a more liquid material instead of gouache paint with a brush, such as finger paints, provides more difference between materials. Finally, this protocol can be adapted to specific research needs.

As mentioned above, the CMetX software provides several matrices of HRV. Here, the RSA measure, was calculated for each participant per each experimental condition. Figure 5 depicts mean RSA values (&#177;SE) for the three artmaking tasks and their preceding resting periods. A within subjects ANOVA revealed a statistically significant main effect for artmaking (F(1,49) = 26.155, p &#60; .001), with a large effect size (&#951;p2 = .348), whic...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Examining Changes in HRV and Emotion Following Artmaking with Three Different Art Materials at JoVE.com

Examining Changes in HRV and Emotion Following Artmaking with Three Different Art Materials (Video) | JoVE

The goal of the protocol is to guide researchers in conducting experiments that are intended to measure changes in self-reported emotional response and heart rate variability following art making with different materials. The protocol can easily be adapted for use in a variety of behavioral conditions and activities.

Examining Changes in HRV and Emotion Following Artmaking with Three Different Art Materials

This protocol enables the examination of psychological and physiological responses to different types of behavioral engagements. Specifically, in this ...

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