这项工作得到了JSPS KAKENHI授权编号JP24750023、JP24350012、MEXT KAKENHI授权编号JP26104534、JP16H00850、JP26102541、JP16H00782和MEXT支持的私立大学战略研究基金会计划的支持，2015-2019年。

1. 电气设备的启动
<ol><li>根据其操作手册打开飞秒 Ti：蓝宝石激光系统。等待 2 小时，让激光系统预热。</li>
	<li>在系统预热时打开光学斩波器、平移级控制器、光谱仪、InGaAs 阵列探测器和计算机的电源开关。在探测器的德瓦尔中注入液氮。</li>
</ol>2. 光谱仪的光学对准
<ol><li>镜像调整（图 1B）
	<ol>
<li>检查后视镜支座上的支架位置。</li>
		<...

<ol>
	<li>Pol&#237;vka, T., Herek, J. L., Zigmantas, D., &#197;kerlund, H. -. E., Sundstr&#246;m, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+Observation+of+the+(Forbidden)+S1+State+in+Carotenoids.">Direct Observation of the (Forbidden) S1 State in Carotenoids.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (9), 4914-4917 (1999).</li><li>Takaya, T., Iwata, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relaxation+Mechanism+of+&#946;-Carotene+from+S2+(1Bu+)+State+to+S1+(2Ag-)+State:+Femtosecond+Time-Resolved+Near-IR+Absorption+and+Stimulated+Resonance+Raman+Studies+in+900-1550+nm+Region.">Relaxation Mechanism of &#946;-Carotene from S2 (1Bu+) State to S1 (2Ag-) State: Femtosecond Time-Resolved Near-IR Absorption and Stimulated Resonance Raman Studies in 900-1550 nm Region.</a> Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 118 (23), 4071-4078 (2014).</li><li>Takaya, T., Anan, M., Iwata, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vibrational+Relaxation+Dynamics+of+&#946;-Carotene+and+Its+Derivatives+with+Substituents+on+Terminal+Rings+in+Electronically+Excited+States+as+Studied+by+Femtosecond+Time-Resolved+Stimulated+Raman+Spectroscopy+in+the+Near-IR+Region.">Vibrational Relaxation Dynamics of &#946;-Carotene and Its Derivatives with Substituents on Terminal Rings in Electronically Excited States as Studied by Femtosecond Time-Resolved Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy in the Near-IR Region.</a> Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 20 (5), 3320-3327 (2017).</li><li>Guo, J., Ohkita, H., Benten, H., Ito, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Near-IR+Femtosecond+Transient+Absorption+Spectroscopy+of+Ultrafast+Polaron+and+Triplet+Exciton+Formation+in+Polythiophene+Films+with+Different+Regioregularities.">Near-IR Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of Ultrafast Polaron and Triplet Exciton Formation in Polythiophene Films with Different Regioregularities.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 131 (46), (2009).</li><li>Hwang, I. -. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carrier+Generation+and+Transport+in+Bulk+Heterojunction+Films+Processed+with+1,8-Octanedithiol+as+a+Processing+Additive.">Carrier Generation and Transport in Bulk Heterojunction Films Processed with 1,8-Octanedithiol as a Processing Additive.</a> Journal of Applied Physics. 104 (3), 033706 (2008).</li><li>Yonezawa, K., Kamioka, H., Yasuda, T., Han, L., Moritomo, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fast+Carrier+Formation+from+Acceptor+Exciton+in+Low-Gap+Organic+Photovoltaic.">Fast Carrier Formation from Acceptor Exciton in Low-Gap Organic Photovoltaic.</a> Applied Physics Express. 5 (4), 042302 (2012).</li><li>Takaya, T., Enokida, I., Furukawa, Y., Iwata, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+Observation+of+Structure+and+Dynamics+of+Photogenerated+Charge+Carriers+in+Poly(3-hexylthiophene)+Films+by+Femtosecond+Time-Resolved+Near-IR+Inverse+Raman+Spectroscopy.">Direct Observation of Structure and Dynamics of Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films by Femtosecond Time-Resolved Near-IR Inverse Raman Spectroscopy.</a> Molecules. 24 (3), 431 (2019).</li><li>Clafton, S. N., Huang, D. M., Massey, W. R., Kee, T. 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飞秒时间解析近红外多路复用中的关键因素刺激了拉曼测量 为了获得具有高信噪比的近IR刺激拉曼光谱，探头光谱最好在整个波长范围内具有均匀的强度。因此，白光连续生成（第2.5节）是时间解析近IR刺激拉曼实验最关键的部分之一。通常，随着射化光束强度的增加，探头光谱变得广泛而平坦。然而，高光束强度很容易产生不需要的非线性光学效应，而不是白光连续生成。在最坏...

拉曼光谱是一种强大而通用的工具，用于研究从简单气体、液体和固体到功能材料和生物系统的各种样品中的分子结构。当激发光的光子能量与分子的电子过渡能量重合时，拉曼散射会显著增强。共振拉曼效应使我们能够有选择地观察由多种分子组成的样本中的一个物种的拉曼光谱。近红外电子转换作为研究具有大型-共结结构的分子的兴奋状态动力学的探索，引起了人们的广泛关注。最低兴奋单态的能量和寿命已经确定为几种类胡萝卜素，它们具有一维多烯链1，2，3。中性和带电激发动力学已被广泛研究为薄膜4，5，6，7，纳米粒子8和溶液9，10，11的各种光导聚合物。如果对这些系统应用时间解析的近红外拉曼光谱，则可获得有关瞬变结构的详细信息。然而，只有少数研究被报道在时间解析的近红外拉曼光谱12，13，14，15，16，因为近红外拉曼光谱仪的灵敏度极低。低灵敏度主要源于近红外拉曼散射的低概率。自发拉曼散射的概率与 αi=s3成正比，其中 αi和 αs分别是激发光和拉曼散射光的频率。此外，市售的近红外探测器的灵敏度远低于在紫外线和可见区域运行的 CCD 探测器。
飞秒时间解析刺激拉曼光谱已成为一种新的方法来观察拉曼主动振动带的时间依赖性变化，超越激光脉冲17，18，19，20，21，22，23，24，25，26，27，28的明显傅立叶变换极限 ，29，30，31，32，33.刺激的拉曼散射是由两个激光脉冲的辐照产生的：拉曼泵和探针脉冲。这里假定拉曼泵脉冲的频率大于探头脉冲。当拉曼泵和探针脉冲的频率差与拉曼有源分子振动的频率一致时，辐照体积中大量分子的振动是相干激发的。相干分子振动引起的非线性偏振增强了探针脉冲的电场。该技术对于近红外拉曼光谱学特别强大，因为刺激拉曼散射可以解决时间解析的近红外自发拉曼光谱仪的灵敏度问题。刺激的拉曼散射被检测为探头脉冲的强度变化。即使近红外探测器具有低灵敏度，当探头强度充分增加时，也会检测到刺激的拉曼散射。激发拉曼散射的概率与 ±RP=SRS成正比，其中 ±RP和 +SRS是拉曼泵脉冲和刺激拉曼散射的频率，分别为20。刺激拉曼散射、αRP和 +SRS的频率分别相当于自发拉曼散射的 αi和 αs。我们最近开发了一个飞秒时间解析近红外拉曼光谱仪，使用刺激拉曼散射来研究在α-conju系统2、3、7、10中产生的短寿命瞬变光的结构和动力学。在本文中，我们将介绍我们第二次时间解析近红外多路复用刺激拉曼光谱仪的技术细节。介绍了光学对齐、时间解析刺激拉曼光谱的采集以及记录光谱的校准和校正。作为光谱仪的代表性应用，研究了β-胡萝卜素在环苯溶液中的兴奋状态动力学。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1-Axis Translational Stage</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>TSD-401S</td>
			<td>Products equivalent to this are used as well; for M22, L9, and CM in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20-cm Optical Delay Line</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>SGSP26-200</td>
			<td>ODL1 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3-Axis Translational Stage</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>TSD-405SL</td>
			<td>For L8 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3-Axis Translational Stage</td>
			<td>Suruga Seiki</td>
			<td>B72-40C</td>
			<td>For FC in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5-cm Optical Delay Line</td>
			<td>PMT</td>
			<td>HRS-0050</td>
			<td>ODL2 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Al Concave Mirror</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>CM254-050-G01</td>
			<td>Focal length: 50 mm; CM in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Base Plate</td>
			<td>Suruga Seiki</td>
			<td>A21-6</td>
			<td>Products equivalent to this are used as well; for M1-M32, BS1-BS3, L1-L10, I1-I17, P1-P2, HWP1-3, F1-F3, VND1-VND2, OC, BPF, HS, BBO, SP, CM, and FC in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BBO Crystal</td>
			<td>EKSMA Optics</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Type 1, &#952; = 23.2 deg; BBO in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BK7 Plano-Concave Lens</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>SLB-25.4-50NIR2</td>
			<td>Focal length: 50 mm; IR anti-reflection coating; L6 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BK7 Plano-Convex Lens</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>SLB-25.4-150PIR2</td>
			<td>Focal length: 150 mm; IR anti-reflection coating; L2, L3, L5 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BK7 Plano-Convex Lens</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>SLB-25.4-100PIR2</td>
			<td>Focal length: 100 mm; IR anti-reflection coating; L4 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BK7 Plano-Convex Lens</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>SLB-25.4-200PIR2</td>
			<td>Focal length: 200 mm; IR anti-reflection coating; L7 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Broadband Dielectric Mirror</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>TFMS-25.4C05-2/7</td>
			<td>M22-M25, M28, M29 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Broadband Dielectric Mirror</td>
			<td>Precision Photonics (Advanced Thin Films)</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>M26, M27, M30-M32 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Broadband Half-Wave Plate</td>
			<td>CryLight</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>HWP3 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Color Glass Filter</td>
			<td>HOYA</td>
			<td>IR85</td>
			<td>F1 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Color Glass Filter</td>
			<td>HOYA</td>
			<td>RM100</td>
			<td>F2 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Color Glass Filter</td>
			<td>Schott</td>
			<td>BG39</td>
			<td>F3 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Computer</td>
			<td>Dell</td>
			<td>Vostro 200 Mini Tower</td>
			<td>OS: Windows XP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cyclohexane</td>
			<td>Kanto Kagaku</td>
			<td>07547-1B</td>
			<td>HPLC grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Data Analysis Software</td>
			<td>Wavemetrics</td>
			<td>Igor Pro 8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dielectric Beamsplitter</td>
			<td>LAYERTEC</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Reflection : Transmission = 2 : 1; BS1 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dielectric Beamsplitter</td>
			<td>LAYERTEC</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Reflection : Transmission = 1 : 1; BS2, BS3 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dielectric Mirror</td>
			<td>Precision Photonics 
			(Advanced Thin Films)</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>M1-M8 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digital Oscilloscope</td>
			<td>Tektronix</td>
			<td>TDS3054B</td>
			<td>500 MHz, 5 GS/s</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Elastomer Tube</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Figure 1E</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Femtosecond Ti:sapphire Oscillator</td>
			<td>Coherent</td>
			<td>Vitesse 800-2</td>
			<td>Wavelength: 800 nm, pulse duration: 100 fs, average power: 280 mW, repetition rate: 80 MHz; included in Ti:S in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Femtosecond Ti:sapphire Regenerative Amplifier</td>
			<td>Coherent</td>
			<td>Legend-Elite-F-HE</td>
			<td>Wavelength: 800 nm, pulse duration: 100 fs, pulse energy: 3.5 mJ, repetition rate: 1 kHz; included in Ti:S in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Film Polarizer</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>SPFN-30C-26</td>
			<td>P1 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glan-Taylor Prism</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>GYPB-10-10SN-3/7</td>
			<td>P2 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold Mirror</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>TFG-25C05-10</td>
			<td>M9-M21 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Half-Wave Plate</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>WPQ-7800-2M</td>
			<td>HWP1 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Harmonic Separator</td>
			<td>Coherent</td>
			<td>TOPAS-C HRs 410-540 nm</td>
			<td>HS in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>InGaAs Array Detector</td>
			<td>Horiba</td>
			<td>Symphony-IGA-512X1-50-1700-1LS</td>
			<td>512 ch, Liquid nitrogen cooled</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>InGaAs PIN Photodiode</td>
			<td>Hamamatsu Photonics</td>
			<td>G10899-01K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IR Half-Wave Plate</td>
			<td>OptiSource</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>HWP2 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iris</td>
			<td>Suruga Seiki</td>
			<td>F74-3N</td>
			<td>Products equivalent to this are used as well; I1-I17 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lens Holder</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>LHF-25.4S</td>
			<td>Products equivalent to this are used as well; for L1-L10 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic Gear Pump</td>
			<td>Micropump</td>
			<td>184-415</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mirror Mount</td>
			<td>Siskiyou</td>
			<td>IM100.C2M6R</td>
			<td>Products equivalent to this are used as well; for M1-M32, BS1-BS3, BBO, CM in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>near-IR phosphor card</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>VRC2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nut</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Figure 1E, M4; purchased from a DIY store</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical Chopper</td>
			<td>New Focus</td>
			<td>3501</td>
			<td>OC in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical Parametric Amplifier</td>
			<td>Coherent</td>
			<td>OPerA-F</td>
			<td>OPA1 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical Parametric Amplifier</td>
			<td>Coherent</td>
			<td>TOPAS-C</td>
			<td>OPA2 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polarizer Holder</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>PH-30-ARS</td>
			<td>Products equivalent to this are used as well; for P1-P2 and HWP1-3 In Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyfluoroacetate Tube</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Figure 1E</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Post Holder</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>BRS-12-80</td>
			<td>Products equivalent to this are used as well; for M1-M32, BS1-BS3, L1-L10, I1-I17, P1-P2, HWP1-3, F1-F3, VND1-VND2, OC, BPF, HS, BBO, SP, CM, and FC in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quartz Flow Cell</td>
			<td>Tosoh Quartz</td>
			<td>T-70-UV-2</td>
			<td>FC in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quartz Plano-Concave Lens</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>SLSQ-25-50N</td>
			<td>Focal length: 50 mm; L8 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quartz Plano-Convex Lens</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>SLSQ-25-100P</td>
			<td>Focal length: 100 mm; L1, L9 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quartz Plano-Convex Lens</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>SLSQ-25-220P</td>
			<td>Focal length: 220 mm; L10 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sapphire Plate</td>
			<td>Pier Optics</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>3 mm thick; SP in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Si PIN Photodiode</td>
			<td>Hamamatsu Photonics</td>
			<td>S3883</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single Spectrograph</td>
			<td>Horiba Jobin Yvon</td>
			<td>iHR320</td>
			<td>Focal length: 32 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless Steel Rod</td>
			<td>Suruga Seiki</td>
			<td>A41-100</td>
			<td>Products equivalent to this are used as well; for M1-M32, BS1-BS3, L1-L10, I1-I17, P1-P2, HWP1-3, F1-F3, VND1-VND2, OC, BPF, HS, BBO, SP, CM, and FC in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless Steel Rod</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>J-SP-2</td>
			<td>Figure 1E</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Toluene</td>
			<td>Kanto Kagaku</td>
			<td>40180-1B</td>
			<td>HPLC grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>U-Shaped Steel Plate</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Figure 1E; purchased from a DIY store</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Variable Neutral Density Filter (with a holder)</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>NDHN-100</td>
			<td>VND1 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Variable Neutral Density Filter (with a holder)</td>
			<td>OptSigma</td>
			<td>NDHN-U100</td>
			<td>VND2 in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Visual Programming Language</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td>LabVIEW 2009</td>
			<td>The control software in this study is programmed in LabVIEW 2009</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Volume-Grating Bandpass Filter</td>
			<td>OptiGrate</td>
			<td>BPF-1190</td>
			<td>BPF in Figure 1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#946;-Carotene</td>
			<td>Wako Pure Chemical Industries</td>
			<td>035-05531</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ultrafast time-resolved near-ir stimulated raman measurements of functional &#960;-conjugate systems

Femtos2 时间解刺激拉曼光谱是一种有希望的方法，用于观察近红外（近 IR） 过渡的短寿命瞬变的结构动力学，因为它可以克服近红外区域自发拉曼光谱仪的低灵敏度。在这里，我们描述了我们最近开发的一个飞秒时间解析近红外多路复用刺激拉曼光谱仪的技术细节。还提供了信号生成和优化、测量、数据采集以及记录数据的校准和校正的描述。我们介绍了光谱仪的应用，以分析环胡萝卜素在苯溶液中的兴奋状态动力学。在第二低兴奋单一 （S2）状态和最低兴奋单一 （S1）状态中清楚地观察到在记录的时间解析刺激拉曼光谱中，β-C 拉伸带的 β-胡萝卜素。飞秒时间解析近红外刺激拉曼光谱仪适用于从简单分子到复杂材料的α-偶联系统的结构动力学。

在肌胶溶液中应用了邻IR刺激拉曼光谱法。样品的浓度为1 x10-4摩尔dm-3。样品在480nm的正射泵脉冲下光激发，脉冲能量为1μJ。图2A显示了在图2A中β-胡萝卜素的及时解刺激拉曼光谱。原始光谱含有强拉曼带的溶剂苯和弱拉曼带的β-胡萝卜素在地面状态，以及拉曼带的光兴奋β-胡萝卜素。在光射前1ps处，使用同一溶液的刺激拉曼光谱减去它们。减法?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional Ãâ‚¬-conjugate Systems at JoVE.com

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional ÃƒÂÃ¢â€šÂ¬-conjugate Systems

介绍了飞秒近红外刺激拉曼光谱仪的信号生成和优化、测量、数据采集和数据处理的详细信息。近红外刺激拉曼研究β-胡萝卜素在苯的兴奋状态动力学作为代表性的应用。

超快时间解析近红外刺激拉曼测量功能 +偶联系统

Femtosecond time-resolved stimulated Raman spectroscopy is a promising method of observing the structural dynamics of short-lived transients with near ...

我们的协议特别适用于研究化学和生化反应初始阶段的 pi 结合分子的结构和动力学。该技术具有一点点更高的灵敏度，使测量时间比传统的时间解析自发拉曼光谱在近红外与探测器目前可用。首先，完成光学设置，如下所示。首先，对齐激光束。随着钛蓝宝石激光的打开和预热，将一张名片放在虹膜二号后面作为屏幕。调整镜一，直到光束穿过虹膜的中心。然后，调整镜面二，直到激光束穿过虹膜二的中心。对齐后，确认光束同时穿过虹膜一和虹膜二的中心。当激光正确对齐后，开始对齐光学延迟线。首先，使用舞台控制器的方向按钮，尽可能将舞台向镜像 2 移动。接下来，调整镜面一，直到光束穿过虹膜的中心。然后，将舞台移得尽可能远，因为它可以从镜子二。调整镜面二，直到光束穿过虹膜的中心。现在，将舞台尽可能靠近光束输入，并确认光束仍然穿过虹膜的中心。接下来，从镜像三的位置移除虹膜一，将三面和四面镜子放在光学延迟线上。调整三和四反射镜，直到光束穿过虹膜二的中心。使用事件光束路径中的可变中性密度滤波器，将名片放在蓝宝石板后面作为屏幕。转动滤光片以逐渐增加传输光束的功率，直到屏幕上出现黄色白点。然后，小心地将滤镜朝同一方向转动，直到屏幕上的黄色白点周围有紫色环。接下来，要对齐拉曼泵束，请将音量分级反射带通滤波器放在光学参数放大器的输出光束路径中。使用近红外传感器卡调整带通滤波器和镜面 17，以观察光束点。要开始优化探头频谱，请运行连续测量，并最大限度地提高显示屏上的探测器计数。为此，逐渐旋转半波板一。然后，通过旋转可变光密度滤波器一，逐渐增加点位脉冲的强度。这样做，直到最大和最小的探测器计数达到约30，000和4，000分别。如果开始观察到较大的振荡模式，则沿相反方向旋转可变光学密度滤波器，直到该模式消失。对于空间重叠设置，请将光学斩波器放在拉曼泵束路径中。然后，将近红外传感器卡放在样品位置。通过调整镜 21 调整拉曼泵束的方向，直到拉曼泵和探头梁的斑点完全重叠。为了设置时间重叠，请将亚硫酸二氧化硅胺二极管放在拉曼泵和探头相互空间重叠的样品位置。接下来，将光电二极管的信号输出连接到 500 兆赫/秒 5 千兆小时的数字示波器样本，以便监控拉曼泵和探头脉冲何时到达同一位置。将示波器的水平刻度设置为每个分部一纳秒，并读取拉曼泵的信号强度峰值时间，并读取阻塞其他脉冲的探针脉冲。将磁性齿轮泵的入口和出口管连接到装有 30 毫升环氧烷的瓶子上，然后开始流动环氧烷，如文本协议中所述。运行连续测量并检查显示屏中是否观察到受刺激的环氧烷拉曼波段。当中心波长设置为 1，410 纳米时，最强环氧烷的频段出现在第 55 到 58 像素。检测到受刺激的拉曼波段后，最大化显示屏中的频带强度。通过迭代重新调整镜21、光学斩波器的旋转相和光学延迟线2的位置，实现此目的。运行单个测量，将频谱另存为文本文件。然后，从储液罐中去除甲苯，将磁性齿轮泵的入口/出口管连接到含有 25 毫升甲苯溶液的瓶子上，每升β-胡萝卜素的负四摩尔为 1 倍 10 至负 4 摩尔。然后，开始流动样品溶液。接下来，将光学斩波器放在活动泵束路径中。将光束转储从行为泵梁的路径移动到拉曼泵梁的路径。然后，使用名片而不是近红外传感器卡，在空间上重叠样品位置的行为泵和探头光束。运行连续测量，并检查显示屏中是否观察到β-胡萝卜素的瞬态吸收。吸收带以单调地向较长波长减小，或在零和 511 像素左右出现两个最大值。检测到瞬态吸收带后，通过重新调整镜 32 来最大化吸收强度。停止连续测量，然后降低光延迟线 1 的位置，直到瞬态吸收完全消失。将光学斩波器放在拉曼泵束路径中，然后从拉曼泵束路径上拆下光束转储。然后，运行时间解析实验，如从下拉菜单中选择SK阶段的文本协议中所述。输入范围 A 的起始位置，与测量时间解析的吸收光谱后瞬态吸收信号消失的位置相比，要小约 50 微米。Femtosec 时间解析近红外刺激拉曼光谱应用于β-胡萝卜素和甲苯溶液。此处显示了β-胡萝卜素和甲苯的光谱。原始光谱中含有溶剂甲苯的强拉曼波段和地面状态下弱的拉曼β-胡萝卜带，以及拉曼带的光兴奋β-胡萝卜素。此处显示的光谱相同，但在光激发前使用同一溶液的刺激拉曼光谱减去。减法后光谱显示由光兴奋β-胡萝卜素和/或其他非线性光学过程吸收引起的扭曲基线。基线在用多项式函数校正后变得平坦。在这个数字中，时间解析的β-胡萝卜素的拉曼光谱显示了1，400至1，800反厘米区域的两个强波段。在零皮秒时，将一个宽刺激拉曼带分配给S2β-胡萝卜素的相位C双键C拉伸振动。其峰值位置估计为1，556反厘米。S1 beta-胡萝卜素的相位 C 双键 C 拉伸带出现在 S2 C 双键 C 拉伸带衰减时出现。S1 C 双键 C 拉伸带的峰值位置从 0.12 秒上升为 8 反厘米。重要的是要尝试和调整拉曼泵梁的方向一次又一次，直到拉曼泵和探头梁的点完全重叠，找到刺激拉曼波段的环氧烷。此过程可立即用于其他 femtosec 时间解析实验，以便更深入地研究化学反应动力学。随着研究人员探索 pi 结合分子的化学成分，这一程序将允许回答新的问题。执行此过程时，不要忘记戴上安全眼镜，以保护眼睛免受强激光照射。这包括散射光。

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional &#960;-conjugate Systems

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems

The high pressure sapphire cell apparatus was constructed to visually determine the composition of multiphase systems without physical sampling. ...

科研

化学

Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes

层 - 层的合成和独立式共轭微孔聚合物纳米薄膜的转移

CMP as large surface area materials have attracted growing interest recently, due to their high variability in the incorporation of functional groups in ...

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

溶出动态核极化仪器用NMR实时酶反应速率测量

The main limitation of NMR-based investigations is low sensitivity. This prompts for long acquisition times, thus preventing real-time NMR measurements of ...

Preparation of Biopolymer Aerogels Using Green Solvents

生物聚合物气凝胶制备使用绿色溶剂

Although the first reports on aerogels made by Kistler1 in the 1930s dealt with aerogels from both inorganic oxides (silica and others) and biopolymers ...

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

一种新技术用于拉曼分析高放射性样品使用任何标准的微拉曼光谱仪

A novel approach for the Raman measurement of nuclear materials is reported in this paper. It consists of the enclosure of the radioactive sample in a ...

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

激光驱动的超快分子旋转直接成像

We present a method for visualizing laser-induced, ultrafast molecular rotational wave packet dynamics. We have developed a new 2-dimensional Coulomb ...

Time-resolved Photophysical Characterization of Triplet-harvesting Organic Compounds at an Oxygen-free Environment Using an iCCD Camera

利用 iccd 摄像机对无氧环境下的三重收集有机化合物进行光物理表征

Here, we present a sensible method of the acquisition and analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrafast iCCD camera. This system enables ...

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

改进 x 射线激光时分辨序列飞秒晶体学微晶的高粘度挤出

High-viscosity micro-extrusion injectors have dramatically reduced sample consumption in serial femtosecond crystallographic experiments (SFX) at X-ray ...

Ultrafast Lignin Extraction from Unusual Mediterranean Lignocellulosic Residues

超高速利格宁从不寻常的地中海木质细胞残留物中提取

Pretreatment is still the most expensive step in lignocellulosic biorefinery processes. It must be made cost-effective by minimizing chemical requirements ...