Name: enucleation of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a 980 nm diode laser
Uploaded: 2020-05-05T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Enucleation of the Prostate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Using a 980 nm Diode Laser at JoVE.com

저자들은 중국의 국가 핵심 연구 개발 프로그램(보조금 2017YFC840102)의 지원에 감사를 표하고자 합니다.

여기에 설명된 모든 방법은 베이징 병원 윤리 위원회의 승인을 받았습니다. 수술 적응증은 비신경원성 남성 LUTS에 대한 유럽 비뇨기과 협회 지침에 따릅니다. 금기 사항에는 의심되는 전립선암 또는 배뇨근 기능 장애가 포함됩니다.
1. 가동을 위한 계기
<ol><li>연속 모드(980-80W)를 포함한 전력을 가진 다이오드 레이저(100nm) 장비의 가용성을 보장합니다.</li>
	<li>수술 중 방광 세...

<ol>
	<li>Maliszewski, T. M., Sikorski, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=574+Diode+laser+980+nm+for+the+treatment+of+BPH:+Long-term+comparison+of+the+enucleation+vs.+vaporization.">574 Diode laser 980 nm for the treatment of BPH: Long-term comparison of the enucleation vs. vaporization.</a> European Eurology. 14 (2), 137-151 (2015).</li><li>Lerner, L. B., Rajender, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+prostate+enucleation+techniques.">Laser prostate enucleation techniques.</a> Canadian Journal of Urology. 22 (Suppl 1), 53-59 (2015).</li><li>Das, A. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+retrospective+comparison+of+diode+to+holmium+for+laser+enucleation+of+the+prostate.">A retrospective comparison of diode to holmium for laser enucleation of the prostate.</a> Canadian Journal of Urology. 26 (4), 9836-9842 (2019).</li><li>Hruby, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eraser+Laser+Enucleation+of+the+Prostate:+Technique+and+Results.">Eraser Laser Enucleation of the Prostate: Technique and Results.</a> European Urology. 63 (2), 341-346 (2013).</li><li>Lerner, L. B., Archana, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+prostate+enucleation+techniques.">Laser prostate enucleation techniques.</a> Canadian Journal of Urology. 22 (5 Suppl 1), 53 (2015).</li><li>Leonardi, R., Caltabiano, R., Lanzafame, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histological+evaluation+of+prostatic+tissue+following+transurethral+laser+resection+(TULaR)+using+the+980+nm+diode+laser.">Histological evaluation of prostatic tissue following transurethral laser resection (TULaR) using the 980 nm diode laser.</a> Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia. 82 (82), 1-4 (2010).</li><li>Kahokehr, A., Gilling, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enucleation+techniques+for+benign+prostate+obstruction:+Which+one+and+why?.">Enucleation techniques for benign prostate obstruction: Which one and why?.</a> Current Opinion in Urology. 24 (1), 49-55 (2013).</li><li>Chung, D. E., Te, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+techniques+for+laser+prostatectomy:+an+update.">New techniques for laser prostatectomy: an update.</a> Therapeutic Advances in Urology. 1 (2), 85-97 (2014).</li><li>Wu, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparative+study+of+diode+laser+and+plasmakinetic+in+transurethral+enucleation+of+the+prostate+for+treating+large+volume+benign+prostatic+hyperplasia:+a+randomized+clinical+trial+with+12-month+follow-up.">A comparative study of diode laser and plasmakinetic in transurethral enucleation of the prostate for treating large volume benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized clinical trial with 12-month follow-up.</a> Lasers in Medical Science. 31 (4), 599-604 (2016).</li><li>Wang, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photoselective+Vaporesection+of+the+Prostate+via+an+End-firing+Lithium+Triborate+Crystal+Laser.">Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate via an End-firing Lithium Triborate Crystal Laser.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (135), e57336 (2018).</li><li>Shigemura, K., Tanaka, K., Yamamichi, F., Chiba, K., Fujisawa, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+Predictive+Factors+for+Postoperative+Incontinence+of+Holmium+Laser+Enucleation+of+the+Prostate+by+the+Surgeons'+Experience+During+Learning+Curve.">Comparison of Predictive Factors for Postoperative Incontinence of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate by the Surgeons' Experience During Learning Curve.</a> International Neurourology Journal. 20 (1), 59-68 (2016).</li><li>Stroman, L., Ellis, D., Toomey, R., Mazaris, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+18-month+Audit+of+TURP+Complications+using+the+Clavien-Dindo+Classification+System.">An 18-month Audit of TURP Complications using the Clavien-Dindo Classification System.</a> Journal of Urology. 1 (3), 3 (2013).</li><li>Li, B., Xu, A., Zou, Y., Liu, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Randomized+Trial+Comparing+Diode+Laser+Enucleation+of+the+Prostate+with+Plasmakinetic+Enucleation+and+Resection+of+the+Prostate+for+the+Treatment+of+Benign+Prostatic+Hyperplasia.">A Randomized Trial Comparing Diode Laser Enucleation of the Prostate with Plasmakinetic Enucleation and Resection of the Prostate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.</a> Journal of Endourology. 27 (10), 1254-1260 (2013).</li><li>Lerner, L. B., Rajender, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+prostate+enucleation+techniques.">Laser prostate enucleation techniques.</a> Canadian Journal of Urology. 22 (5 Suppl 1), 53 (2015).</li><li>Wu, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparative+study+of+diode+laser+and+plasmakinetic+in+transurethral+enucleation+of+the+prostate+for+treating+large+volume+benign+prostatic+hyperplasia:+a+randomized+clinical+trial+with+12-month+follow-up.">A comparative study of diode laser and plasmakinetic in transurethral enucleation of the prostate for treating large volume benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized clinical trial with 12-month follow-up.</a> Lasers in Medical Science. 31 (4), 599-604 (2016).</li><li>Xu, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+randomized+trial+comparing+diode+laser+enucleation+of+the+prostate+with+plasmakinetic+enucleation+and+resection+of+the+prostate+for+the+treatment+of+benign+prostatic+hyperplasia.">A randomized trial comparing diode laser enucleation of the prostate with plasmakinetic enucleation and resection of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.</a> Journal of Endourology. 27 (10), 1254-1260 (2013).</li><li>Yang, S. S., Hsieh, C. H., Lee, Y. S., Chang, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diode+laser+(980+nm)+enucleation+of+the+prostate:+a+promising+alternative+to+transurethral+resection+of+the+prostate.">Diode laser (980 nm) enucleation of the prostate: a promising alternative to transurethral resection of the prostate.</a> Lasers in Medical Science. 28 (2), 353-360 (2013).</li><li>Liu, L., Cheng, F., Li, H., Yu, W., Rao, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+Clinical+Effect+Between+Transurethral+1+470+nm+Diode+Laser+Enucleation+of+the+Prostate+and+Transurethral+Bipolar+Plasmakinetic+Resection+of+Prostate.">Comparison of Clinical Effect Between Transurethral 1 470 nm Diode Laser Enucleation of the Prostate and Transurethral Bipolar Plasmakinetic Resection of Prostate.</a> Medical Journal of Wuhan University. 39 (5), 809-812 (2018).</li><li>Nair, S. M., Pimentel, M. A., Gilling, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Review+of+Laser+Treatment+for+Symptomatic+BPH+(Benign+Prostatic+Hyperplasia).">A Review of Laser Treatment for Symptomatic BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia).</a> Current Urology Reports. 17 (6), 1-8 (2016).</li><li>Cho, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Predictor+of+de+novo+urinary+incontinence+following+holmium+laser+enucleation+of+the+prostate.">Predictor of de novo urinary incontinence following holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.</a> Neurourology, Urodynamics. 30 (7), 1343-1349 (2011).</li><li>Herrmann, T. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+outcome+after+endoscopic+enucleation+of+the+prostate:+From+monopolar+enucleation+to+HoLEP+and+from+HoLEP+to+EEP.">Long-term outcome after endoscopic enucleation of the prostate: From monopolar enucleation to HoLEP and from HoLEP to EEP.</a> Der Urologe. Ausg. A. 55 (11), 1446 (2016).</li></ol>

현재 980mm 다이오드 레이저가 BPH5의 치료에 사용되기 시작했습니다. 관련 임상 연구를 설명한 보고서는 거의 없습니다. 전립선 비대증 치료에 대한 TURP의 효과와 비교하여, 많은 연구에서 DiLEP가 출혈을 덜 일으키고, 배뇨 기능이 더 우수하며, 카테터 유지 시간이 더 짧다는 것을 보여주었다 9,13,14,15.<su...

전통적인 전립선 경요도 절제술(TURP)과 비교했을 때, 레이저 수술은 환자의 내성이 우수하고, 수술 중 출혈량이 적으며, 효능이 우수하고, 수술 후 회복이 짧기 때문에 점차 대중화되고 있습니다 4,5.
최근 몇 년 동안 가장 빠르게 성장하는 기술에는 다양한 파장의 레이저가 사용되었습니다. 현재 다양한 특성을 가진 많은 종류의 레이저를 사용하여 전립선 적출을 완료할 수 있습니다. 다이오드 레이저는 2007년 미국 FDA로부터 전립선 비대증에 대한 승인을 받은 이래로 뛰어난 절단 능력과 지혈 효과로 인해 전립선 비대증 치료에 대한 사용이 점차 증가하고 있다6. 레이저 파장은 물과 헤모글로빈에 의한 흡수 정도를 결정합니다. 980nm 파장의 다이오드 레이저는 물과 헤모글로빈의 결합 흡수율이 가장 높습니다. 조직 침투 능력은 0.5mm이며 더 깊은 조직에서 응고 효과를 낼 수 있어 매우 우수한 조직 절제 및 지혈 능력 7,8을 제공합니다.
많은 연구 센터에서 양성 전립선 비대증 치료를 위해 DiLEP를 사용하기 시작했습니다. 실제로, 전통적인 DiLEP는 학습 곡선이 더 길고 요로 괄약근 보호와 관련된 뚜렷한 이점이 없다9. 위와 같은 이유로, 전립선 비대증 환자에서 다이오드 레이저 치료의 가치를 높이기 위해 기존 DiLEP를 수정했습니다.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>HU Diode Laser</td>
			<td>Beijing L.H.H.Medical Science Development Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>HU-150</td>
			<td>Wavelength: 980nm 
			Maximum Power: 150W 
			Operation Mode: Continuous and pulsed</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical Fiber</td>
			<td>Beijing L.H.H.Medical Science Development Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>YYGX600</td>
			<td>Fiber core diameter: 
			600 &#956;m 
			Fiber length: 2m</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Morcellator System</td>
			<td>Beijing L.H.H.Medical Science Development Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>PXQ-01</td>
			<td>Rotate Speed: 100-3000rpm 
			MAX. Vacuum Pressure: -80KPa 
			Rated Output Torque: 12mNm 
			Blade Size: &#934;5.0*390mm; &#934;3.5*390mm 
			Blade Work Mode: Corotation alternates reversal</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

enucleation of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a 980 nm diode laser

고령 남성 인구에서 양성 전립선 비대증(BPH)으로 인한 하부 요로 증상(LUTS)의 발생은 흔한 문제입니다. 여기에서는 BPH1을 치료하기 위해 980nm 다이오드 레이저 적출(DiLEP)이라는 새로운 기술을 소개합니다. 다이오드 레이저는 물과 헤모글로빈을 동시에 흡수 할 수 있기 때문에 절단 및 지혈에 좋습니다2. 다이오드 레이저는 2007 년 FDA의 승인을 받았으며 효과적인 절단 및 지혈 효과로 인해 전립 비대증 치료에 사용되었습니다3. DiLEP는 TURP, HoLEP 및 PVP와 같은 다른 기술에 비해 몇 가지 이점을 제공합니다. 시술 중에는 부피가 큰 전립선의 경계를 정의하고 다이오드 레이저로 두 개의 고리와 하나의 홈(큐피드의 화살처럼)을 태워 3개의 엽으로 분리합니다. 다른 시술에 비해 mDiLEP는 수술 중 합병증이 적고 학습 곡선이 짧으며 더 많은 조직 절제를 달성합니다.

DiLEP를 받은 총 40명의 전립선 비대증 환자가 본 연구 중 하나에 포함되었습니다. 통계적 방법으로 독립적인 표본 t-검정을 사용하였다. 모든 환자가 수술을 성공적으로 마쳤습니다. 거의 모든 환자가 수술 후 5일 이내에 카테터를 제거했다(표 1). 모든 환자는 수술 후 1개월, 3개월, 12개월에 후속 검사를 위해 병원으로 돌아왔습니다. 국?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Enucleation of the Prostate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Using a 980 nm Diode Laser at JoVE.com

Enucleation of the Prostate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Using a 980 nm Diode Laser

여기에서는 대용량 양성 전립선 비대증을 치료하기 위한 수정된 980nm 다이오드 레이저 적출을 위한 프로토콜을 제시합니다.

980nm 다이오드 레이저를 사용한 양성 전립선 비대증 치료를 위한 전립선 적출

In the aging male population, the occurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common problem. ...

Lower urinary tract symptom caused by benign prosthetic hypoplasia is a common condition in older males. Our new technology, 980 diode laser enucleation, can be used to treat this condition. Diode lasers can simultaneously absorb both water and hemoglobin.Compared to other procedures, diode has fewer intra-operative complications, a shorter learning curve, and achieves a greater t-cell reception. Before beginning the procedure, confirm the availability of 980-nanometer diode laser with an 80 to 100-watt continuous power source. 30 minutes before the procedure, administer an intravenous antibiotic to the patient and have the patient lie on the operating table.When the patient is in position, use the resectoscope to observe the urethra, verumontanum, bladder neck, urethral orifices, bladder mucosa, and trabecular hyperplasia. Use the laser to make a three to four-millimeter wide circular incision in the bladder neck mucosa, and a three to four-millimeter circular incision in the proximal end of the verumontanum of the prostatic urethra mucosa. Then connect the concentric circles of the bladder neck and the apex of the prostate in the posterior urethra at 12 o'clock, and incise the left and right lobes of the bladder.Then to create the channel, locate the surgical capsule at the five and seven o'clock positions of the apex of the prostate, and the surgical capsule at the five and seven o'clock surgical capsule positions. Then connect the five and seven o'clock surgical capsule positions with the laser. At the six o'clock position of the prostate's apex, separate the median lobe from the surgical capsule from the prostate's apex to the bladder neck.For lobe enucleation, use the resectoscope to enucleate the right lobe at 6 and 12 o'clock from the apex of the prostate to the bladder neck in a counterclockwise direction. Enucleate the left lobe at 6 and 12 o'clock from the apex of the prostate to the bladder neck in a clockwise direction. Then push all of the glands into the bladder.To stop bleeding around the site, place a 50-watt laser one to three millimeters from the sites of bleeding to achieve hemostasis within the surgical area. To morcellate the enucleated prostatic tissue, use a morcellator to break the tissue into as small pieces as possible, and remove the tissue from the bladder. When all of the enucleated tissue has been removed, remove the morcellator from the urethra and gently insert a 22-French Foley catheter lubricated with lidocaine gel through the urethral orifice into the bladder cavity.Then inflate the balloon with 30 milliliters of water. In this clinical study, all 40 of the patients with benign prostatic hypoplasia who underwent diode laser enucleation successfully completed the operation, and almost all of the patients had the catheter removed within five days of the procedure. All of the patients returned to the hospital for follow-up examinations in the first, third, and 12th months postoperatively.The International Prostate Symptom Score and quality of life tools were used to screen for, rapidly diagnose, track the symptoms off, and suggest the management of the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Compared to baseline values, the International Prostate Symptom Score and quality of life both significantly decreased at one, three, and 12 months postoperatively. The mean Qmax increased nearly threefold, and the mean post-void residual decreased nearly fourfold.Compared to the preoperative values, the prostate volume also decreased dramatically. According to the modified Clavien-Dindo Classification system, no patient had complications intraoperatively, and only four cases reported grade one postoperative complications. It's critical that the channel is created in the correct location and the manner to reduce the chance of injury to the sphincter and neck of bladder.Also, other lasers may be used. Their performance will not be as accurate as that achieved using diode light. Diode light provides a new tool for the treatment of the benign prosthetic hyperplasia and encourages the urologists to consider the physical characteristics of different lasers to improve the outcome of the procedure.

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Renal Capsule Xenografting and Subcutaneous Pellet Implantation for the Evaluation of Prostate Carcinogenesis and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

전립선 발암 및 양성 전립선 비대증의 평가를위한 신장 캡슐 Xenografting 및 피하 펠렛 주입

New therapies for two common prostate diseases,  prostate cancer (PrCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), depend  critically on experiments ...

연구

의학

Laser-capture Microdissection of Human Prostatic Epithelium for RNA Analysis

RNA 분석을위한 인간의 전립선 상피 세포의 레이저 캡처 이외에 Microdissection

The prostate gland contains a heterogeneous milieu of stromal, epithelial, neuroendocrine and immune cell types.  Healthy prostate is comprised of ...

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

약물 저항성 측두엽 간질 환자에서 난원 공 개존증 전극 녹음의 네트워크 분석

Approximately 30% of epilepsy patients are refractory to antiepileptic drugs. In these cases, surgery is the only alternative to eliminate/control ...

Transcanalicular Diode Laser-assisted Dacryocystorhinostomy for the Treatment of Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

기본의 치료에 대 한 Transcanalicular 다이오드 레이저를 이용한 Dacryocystorhinostomy 인수 비누 덕트 방해

Today&#39;s gold standard in the treatment of infrasaccal primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) is external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), ...

Balloon-based Injury to Induce Myointimal Hyperplasia in the Mouse Abdominal Aorta

풍선-기반 부상 마우스 복 부 대동맥에서 Myointimal 증식을 유도 하

The use of animal models is essential for a better understanding of MH, one major cause for arterial stenosis.In this article, we demonstrate a murine ...

Surgical Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP).

Surgical Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate HoLEP.

양성 전립선 비 대 증에 대 한 수술 치료: Holmium 레이저 Enucleation (HoLEP) 전립선의.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) commonly occurs among elderly males. The condition causes symptoms in the lower urinary tract, thereby reducing the ...

Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate via an End-firing Lithium Triborate Crystal Laser

최종 발사 리튬 Triborate 크리스탈 레이저를 통해 전립선의 Photoselective Vaporesection

The occurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common problem with a high incidence in the aging ...

Robotic Enucleation of an Intra-Pancreatic Insulinoma in the Pancreatic Head

췌장 머리에 있는 췌장 내 인슐린종의 로봇 핵형성

Pancreatic parenchyma sparing surgery for insulinomas avoids the risk of endocrine and exocrine insufficiency, and potential high-risk anastomoses ...

Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry

레이저 도플러 흐름 측정을 사용하여 쥐에 대뇌 혈액 흐름 자동 조절의 평가

When investigating the body&#39;s mechanisms for regulating cerebral blood flow, a relative measurement of microcirculatory blood flow can be obtained ...

Endoscopy Guided Photoablation of Endometrial Cysts using a 980 nm Laser with a Contact Fiber in Mares

내시경 검사 유도 자궁 내막 낭종의 980 nm 레이저를 사용 하 여 Mares에 접촉 섬유와

In mares, endometrial cysts are associated with endometriosis and can cause maternal recognition failure or compromise and delay pregnancy diagnoses. ...