Name: dissection and lipid droplet staining of oenocytes in drosophila larvae
Uploaded: 2019-12-28T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dissection and Lipid Droplet Staining of Oenocytes in Drosophila Larvae Video at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了国家自然科学基金（31671422、31529004和31601112）、111项目（D18010）、广东珀尔河人才计划地方创新与研究团队项目（2017BT01S155）和中国博士后科学基金会（2018M640767）。

1. 产卵
<ol><li>为产卵准备标准的玉米粉食品。 注：有关此处使用的标准玉米粉食品的配方和烹饪程序，请参阅之前发布的详细信息15。</li>
	<li>在50 mL离心管中加入6 mL蒸馏水，将活性干酵母加入4克活性干酵母，制备新鲜酵母糊。使用铲子混合和制作糊状物。</li>
	<li>将玉米粉食品填充到瓶子中，用铲子将大约 1 克酵母糊涂在玉米粉食品表面，制作出产蛋瓶。</li>
	...

<ol>
	<li>Liu, Z., Huang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lipid+metabolism+in+Drosophila:+development+and+disease.">Lipid metabolism in Drosophila: development and disease.</a> Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica (Shanghai). 45 (1), 44-50 (2013).</li><li>Cheng, Y., Chen, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fruit+fly+research+in+China.">Fruit fly research in China.</a> Journal of Genetics and Genomics. 45 (11), 583-592 (2018).</li><li>Warr, C. G., Shaw, K. H., Azim, A., Piper, M. D. W., Parsons, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+mouse+and+Drosophila+models+to+investigate+the+mechanistic+links+between+diet,+obesity,+type+II+diabetes,+and+cancer.">Using mouse and Drosophila models to investigate the mechanistic links between diet, obesity, type II diabetes, and cancer.</a> International Journal of Molecular Science. 19 (12), (2018).</li><li>Gutierrez, E., Wiggins, D., Fielding, B., Gould, A. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Specialized+hepatocyte-like+cells+regulate+Drosophila+lipid+metabolism.">Specialized hepatocyte-like cells regulate Drosophila lipid metabolism.</a> Nature. 445 (7125), 275-280 (2007).</li><li>Makki, R., Cinnamon, E., Gould, A. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+development+and+functions+of+oenocytes.">The development and functions of oenocytes.</a> Annual Review of Entomology. 59, 405-425 (2014).</li><li>Chatterjee, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+metabolic+adaptation+to+fasting+by+dILP6-induced+insulin+signaling+in+Drosophila+oenocytes.">Control of metabolic adaptation to fasting by dILP6-induced insulin signaling in Drosophila oenocytes.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 111 (50), 17959-17964 (2014).</li><li>Yan, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HDAC6+suppresses+age-dependent+ectopic+fat+accumulation+by+maintaining+the+proteostasis+of+PLIN2+in+Drosophila.">HDAC6 suppresses age-dependent ectopic fat accumulation by maintaining the proteostasis of PLIN2 in Drosophila.</a> Developmental Cell. 43 (1), 99-111 (2017).</li><li>Yan, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HDAC6+regulates+lipid+droplet+turnover+in+response+to+nutrient+deprivation+via+p62-mediated+selective+autophagy.">HDAC6 regulates lipid droplet turnover in response to nutrient deprivation via p62-mediated selective autophagy.</a> Journal of Genetics and Genomics. 46 (4), 221-229 (2019).</li><li>Farese, R. V., Walther, T. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lipid+droplets+finally+get+a+little+R-E-S-P-E-C-T.">Lipid droplets finally get a little R-E-S-P-E-C-T.</a> Cell. 139 (5), 855-860 (2009).</li><li>Murphy, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+dynamic+roles+of+intracellular+lipid+droplets:+from+archaea+to+mammals.">The dynamic roles of intracellular lipid droplets: from archaea to mammals.</a> Protoplasma. 249 (3), 541-585 (2012).</li><li>Tennessen, J. M., Barry, W. E., Cox, J., Thummel, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+for+studying+metabolism+in+Drosophila.">Methods for studying metabolism in Drosophila.</a> Methods. 68 (1), 105-115 (2014).</li><li>Fowler, S. D., Greenspan, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+Nile+red,+a+fluorescent+hydrophobic+probe,+for+the+detection+of+neutral+lipid+deposits+in+tissue+sections:+comparison+with+oil+red+O.">Application of Nile red, a fluorescent hydrophobic probe, for the detection of neutral lipid deposits in tissue sections: comparison with oil red O.</a> Journal of Histochemistry &amp; Cytochemistry. 33 (8), 833-836 (1985).</li><li>Gocze, P. M., Freeman, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Factors+underlying+the+variability+of+lipid+droplet+fluorescence+in+MA-10+Leydig+tumor+cells.">Factors underlying the variability of lipid droplet fluorescence in MA-10 Leydig tumor cells.</a> Cytometry. 17 (2), 151-158 (1994).</li><li>Fam, T. K., Klymchenko, A. S., Collot, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+advances+in+fluorescent+probes+for+lipid+droplets.">Recent advances in fluorescent probes for lipid droplets.</a> Materials (Basel). 11 (9), (2018).</li><li>BDSC Standard Cornmeal Medium. Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://bdsc.indiana.edu/information/recipes/bloomfood.html">https://bdsc.indiana.edu/information/recipes/bloomfood.html</a> (2019)</li><li>Milon, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Do+estrogens+regulate+lipid+status+in+testicular+steroidogenic+Leydig+cell?.">Do estrogens regulate lipid status in testicular steroidogenic Leydig cell?.</a> Acta Histochemica. 121 (5), 611-618 (2019).</li><li>Farmer, B. C., Kluemper, J., Johnson, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Apolipoprotein+E4+alters+astrocyte+fatty+acid+metabolism+and+lipid+droplet+formation.">Apolipoprotein E4 alters astrocyte fatty acid metabolism and lipid droplet formation.</a> Cells. 8 (2), (2019).</li></ol>

在上述协议中，此协议中有几个关键步骤，其中产卵周期就是其中之一。作为脂质动员组织，欧细胞对营养状态6、8高度敏感。产卵时间延长可能导致幼虫被叫，增加食物竞争，导致结果不准确。本议定书中使用的1小时产卵期允许幼虫在没有营养竞争的情况下发育。由于产卵时间较长，可能导致的幼虫数量要大得多，也可能影响卵细胞中的脂质滴量和?...

脂质是细胞生存所必需的。除了它们作为细胞膜系统的组成部分的传统角色外，脂质在单个动物的生命周期中，在能源供应和信号转导中也起着至关重要的作用。因此，脂质代谢必须符合严格的规定，以保持细胞的生理血质。众所周知，脂质代谢调节不良会导致各种疾病，如糖尿病和脂肪肝。尽管脂质代谢在动物健康中非常重要，但脂质代谢调节机制在很大程度上仍不为人所知。
自从托马斯·摩根教授开始将其用于涉及遗传学和其他基本生物学问题的研究中，果蝇已经广泛使用多年。在过去的几十年里，新的证据表明，果蝇是研究许多脂质代谢相关疾病的优秀模型生物体，如肥胖1，3。特别是，果蝇与人类共享高度保守的代谢基因，并拥有类似的相关组织/器官和细胞类型进行脂质代谢。
例如，负责三乙基甘油储存的果蝇脂肪体，其功能类似于人体脂肪组织。最近，一组专门的肝细胞状细胞（即欧细胞），已报告是人体肝脏的功能模拟，已被证明参与脂肪酸和碳氢化合物代谢在果蝇4，5。与哺乳动物肝脏类似，卵虫细胞通过激活幼虫和成年果蝇的脂滴形成来应对饥饿，导致卵虫细胞4、6、7、8的脂滴积累。从解剖学上讲，卵核细胞紧密地附着在侧表皮的基底内表面，每个腹部半部分大约六个细胞簇，这使得从表皮中分离出卵细胞簇变得不可行。因此，在解剖和染色期间，必须将卵细胞附着在表皮上。
脂质以脂滴的形式储存，这是细胞9中具有单层膜的细胞器。脂液滴存在于不同物种10的几乎所有细胞类型中。脂滴动力学，包括其大小和数量，会因环境压力因素而发生变化。这被认为是对压力（如衰老和饥饿7，8）的代谢状态的反映。因此，开发一种可行、可靠的方法，在发育过程中和压力条件下定性确定卵细胞中的脂滴动力学，具有十分重要的意义。特别是，在第三星幼虫中，在饲料条件下，卵虫细胞含有很少或根本没有可检测到的脂滴，但它们确实含有大量大脂滴后营养剥夺4。为了验证这种方法的有效性，建议在饥饿条件下在卵细胞中进行脂滴染色。
目前，几种亲脂染料可用于脂滴染色，如非荧光染料苏丹黑和油红O和荧光染料尼罗河红和BODIPY 493/50311。苏丹黑和油红O通常用于组织胆碱酯和三乙基甘油，可以很容易地通过光显微镜检测。然而，相对较高的背景染色和相对较低的分辨率是其在脂滴动力学定性分析中的应用的两个限制因素。为了克服非荧光染料的局限性，尼罗河红和BODIPY 493/503被用作脂滴染色的理想替代品。据报道，尼罗河红也可以检测出一些未酯化的胆固醇，这使得BODIPY 493/503在细胞脂液滴中具有更具体的染料，在某种程度上是12、13、14。
首先，为了满足对卵细胞中脂滴进行快速和灵敏分析的需要，该协议提出了一种可行且高度可重复的固定基脂滴特异性染色方法，使用BODIPY 493/503作为染色染料。在本报告中，对卵细胞进行了解剖，BODIPY 493/503用于在卵细胞中进行脂滴染色，其中脂液滴通过共聚焦显微镜检测。此过程的简便性和可负担性使其非常适合在流式细胞仪等其他应用中进行修改和进一步使用。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430829</td>
			<td>50 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 cm Petri dish</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>150326</td>
			<td>6 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agar</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For fly food</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum foil</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Protect smaple from light</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BODIPY 493/503</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>D3922</td>
			<td>Lipid droplet staining dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>Leica TSC SP5</td>
			<td>Confocal imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corn syrup</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For fly food</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cornmeal</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For fly food</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coverslip</td>
			<td>Citoglas</td>
			<td>10212424C</td>
			<td>20 &#215; 20 mm, 0.13-0.17 thick</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissection pin</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissection plate</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filter paper</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Diameter: 11 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fixation buffer</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>4% Paraformaldehyde (PFA) in 1xPBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forcep</td>
			<td>Dumont</td>
			<td>11252-30</td>
			<td>#5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>Jiangnan</td>
			<td>SPX-380</td>
			<td>For fly culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microcentrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Axygen</td>
			<td>MCT-150-C</td>
			<td>1.5 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscopy slide</td>
			<td>Citoglas</td>
			<td>10127105P-G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mounting medium</td>
			<td>VECTASHIELDAntifade Mounting Medium</td>
			<td>H-1000</td>
			<td>Antifade mounting medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nail polish</td>
			<td>PanEra</td>
			<td>AAPR419</td>
			<td>Seal the coverslip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paintbrush</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>1xPBS (137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 10 mM Na2HPO4,1.8 mM KH2PO4, pH 7.4)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotator</td>
			<td>Kylin-Bell Lab Instruments</td>
			<td>WH-986</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissor</td>
			<td>Smartdata Medical</td>
			<td>SR81</td>
			<td>Vannas spring scissor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Soy flour</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For fly food</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spatula</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard cornmeal food</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Accoding to Bloomington standard cornmeal food recipe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereo microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>Leica S6E</td>
			<td>For tissue dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wipe paper</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yeast</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For fly food</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>yw</td>
			<td>Kept as lab stock</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Drosophila</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

dissection and lipid droplet staining of oenocytes in drosophila larvae

脂质对动物发育和生理平衡至关重要。脂质代谢紊乱会导致各种发育缺陷和疾病，如肥胖和脂肪肝。通常，脂质储存在脂液滴中，这是细胞中的多功能脂质储存细胞。脂液滴在不同组织和不同条件下的大小和数量各不相同。据报道，脂液滴通过调节其生物发生和降解受到严格控制。在果蝇黑色素组，卵细胞是脂质代谢的重要组织，最近被确定为人类肝脏模拟脂质动员对压力的反应。然而，调节卵细胞中脂滴代谢的机制仍然难以捉摸。为了解决这个问题，最重要的是开发一种可靠而敏感的方法，直接可视化在发育和压力条件下的卵细胞脂滴动态变化。利用亲脂BODIPY 493/503，一种脂液滴特异性荧光染料，这里描述的是一个详细的方案，用于在果蝇幼虫的卵虫细胞中解剖和随后的脂液滴染色，以应对饥饿。这允许通过共聚焦显微镜对不同条件下的脂质滴动力学进行定性分析。此外，这种快速且高度可重复的方法也可用于基因筛选，用于识别涉及卵细胞和其他组织脂滴代谢的新型遗传因子。

成功执行这个程序应导致清除脂滴染色，揭示血脂液滴的数量和大小在卵细胞。图1A，A'，A'显示，在不同发育阶段正常喂养幼虫的卵细胞中，可检测到的脂液滴（绿点）很少。图1B，B'，B''显示，在12小时（B）、24小时（B'）和36小时（B'）饥饿期时，欧细胞中的脂液滴（绿点）量增加。应该指出，96小时?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dissection and Lipid Droplet Staining of Oenocytes in Drosophila Larvae Video at JoVE.com

Dissection and Lipid Droplet Staining of Oenocytes in Drosophila Larvae Video (Video) | JoVE

这里介绍了使用BODIPY 493/503（一种脂滴特异性荧光染料）对果蝇幼虫中的卵虫细胞进行解剖和脂滴染色的详细方法。

果蝇幼虫的欧诺细胞的解剖和脂滴染色

Lipids are essential for animal development and physiological homeostasis. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism results in various developmental defects and ...

这种类细胞解剖和脂滴染色的方法，可用于在正常和有压力的条件下，实现果蝇幼虫类细胞中脂滴的出现。这种方法为研究脂质代谢提供了一个有用的工具，不仅在昆虫中，而且在哺乳动物中，只有几个小的修改。为了诱导产卵，将150只雌性处女苍蝇和75只所需基因型的雄性苍蝇放在产卵瓶中，将瓶子放在25摄氏度的孵化器下，湿度为60%。一小时后，将苍蝇转移到新瓶子里，让苍蝇在新瓶子里产卵一小时，然后把大人移走。然后，让卵子在25摄氏度的25度下发育成第三个星幼虫，周期为12小时。在开始饥饿治疗之前，将一张大小适当的滤纸放入一个六厘米的培养皿中，并在纸张上加入一毫升 PBS 以创建饥饿室。要制作一个控制处理室，请将五毫升布卢明顿标准玉米粉放入六厘米的培养皿中。当腔室准备就绪时，使用小油漆刷从产卵瓶中收集相同大小的星幼虫。和20幼虫随机进入每个饥饿和控制室。然后将腔室放在孵化器中，进行12、24或36小时的发育和/或饥饿。在治疗期结束时，使用钳子将幼虫从每个腔室轻轻地转移到含有冰冷 PBS 的解剖板中，然后将该板置于立体显微镜下。将第一幼虫的腹侧向上定向，用钳子轻轻地将幼虫抱在位。将一根针穿过咽部，将另一根针穿过吸孔，将幼虫固定在板上。使用Vannas弹簧剪刀通过表皮从动物的前部到后部的纵向切口。使用钳子去除表皮的内部组织，注意避免表皮内表面的肌细胞受损。然后使用钳子取回解剖针，将表皮转移到冰上 PBS 的 1.5 毫升微离心管。对于脂液滴染色，在固定缓冲液中孵育解剖的表皮在旋转器的室温下30分钟，随后在PBS的一毫升快速再悬浮。然后每次洗涤一毫升 PBS 中用三个五分钟洗涤样品，以去除残留的固定剂。最后一次洗涤后，在旋转器上用适当的嗜脂探针孵育表皮样品30分钟。在孵育过程中，将样品管包裹在铝箔中，以保护组织免受光线的损害，并在一毫升PBS中清洗样品三次，每次洗涤10分钟。要对表核细胞进行成像，请将每个表皮样品转移到清洁显微镜幻灯片上的六微升安装介质中，调整组织的方向，使含有表核细胞的内部表面接触幻灯片的底部。轻轻地将盖玻片放在表皮上，用清晰的指甲油密封边缘。抛光剂干燥后，在共合显微镜上对样品进行成像，将 63 X 放大倍率与适当的激发和发射波长一起进行。在不同发育阶段的正常喂养幼虫的奥细胞内，有一些可检测的脂质液滴。然而，正如在这些代表性图像中观察到的，脂质液滴在12、24和36小时的饥饿期中增加了类细胞的数量。该方法为相关研究领域的研究人员提供了一个简单可行的方案，以研究基因或环境操作是否导致细胞脂滴变化。

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Dissection and Lipid Droplet Staining of Oenocytes in Drosophila Larvae

Dissection of Drosophila Ovaries

Dissection of Drosophila Ovaries Video (Video) | JoVE

剖析果蝇卵巢

科研

生物学

Dissection of Larval CNS in Drosophila Melanogaster

Dissection of Larval CNS in Drosophila Melanogaster Video (Video) | JoVE

在果蝇幼虫中枢神经系统的剖析

The central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila larvae is complex and poorly understood.  One way to investigate the CNS is to use immunohistochemistry to ...

Dissection of Imaginal Discs from 3rd Instar Drosophila Larvae

Dissection of Imaginal Discs from 3rd Instar Drosophila Larvae Video (Video) | JoVE

从3龄果蝇幼虫的成虫光盘夹层

High-resolution Measurement of Odor-Driven Behavior in Drosophila Larvae

High-resolution Measurement of Odor-Driven Behavior in Drosophila Larvae Video (Video) | JoVE

高分辨率测量的气味驱动在果蝇幼虫的行为

Olfactory responses in Drosophila larvae have been traditionally studied in Petri dishes comprising a single peripheral odor source. In this behavioral ...

Live Dissection of Drosophila Embryos: Streamlined Methods for Screening Mutant Collections by Antibody Staining

Live Dissection of Drosophila Embryos: Streamlined Methods for Screening Mutant Collections by Antibody Staining Video (Video) | JoVE

现场剖析果蝇胚胎抗体染色筛选突变体集合的简化方法

Drosophila embryos between stages 14 and 17 of embryonic development can be readily dissected to generate "fillet" preparations.  In these preparations, ...

Dissection of Oenocytes from Adult Drosophila melanogaster

Dissection of Oenocytes from Adult Drosophila melanogaster Video (Video) | JoVE

从成人Oenocytes剖析果蝇</em

In Drosophila melanogaster, as in other insects, a waxy layer on the outer surface of the cuticle, composed primarily of hydrocarbon compounds, provides ...

In vivo Imaging of Intact Drosophila Larvae at Sub-cellular Resolution

In vivo Imaging of Intact Drosophila Larvae at Sub-cellular Resolution Video (Video) | JoVE

在完整的果蝇幼虫体内的亚细胞分辨率成像

Recent improvements in optical imaging, genetically encoded fluorophores and genetic tools allowing efficient establishment of desired transgenic animal ...

Dissection and Staining of Drosophila Larval Ovaries

Dissection and Staining of Drosophila Larval Ovaries Video (Video) | JoVE

夹层和染色果蝇幼虫卵巢

Many organs depend on stem cells for their development during embryogenesis and for maintenance or repair during adult life. Understanding how stem cells ...

Dissection and Mounting of Drosophila Pupal Eye Discs

Dissection and Mounting of Drosophila Pupal Eye Discs Video (Video) | JoVE

解剖和安装的<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;蛹眼光盘

The Drosophila melanogaster eye disc is a powerful system that can be used to study many different biological processes.  It contains approximately 800 ...

Quantification of Lipid Abundance and Evaluation of Lipid Distribution in Caenorhabditis elegans by Nile Red and Oil Red O Staining

Quantification of Lipid Abundance and Evaluation of Lipid Distribution in Caenorhabditis elegans by Nile Red and Oil Red O Staining Video (Video) | JoVE

尼罗红与油红 O 染色法测定秀丽线虫的脂质丰度及脂质分布评价

Caenorhabditis elegans is an exceptional model organism in which to study lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Many of its lipid genes are conserved ...