Name: technical modification of the terminal ureter during total transperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma
Uploaded: 2019-11-22T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma at JoV

Diese Studie wurde vom CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,Nr. 2018-I2M-1-002, gesponsert.

Alle hier beschriebenen Methoden wurden von der Ethikkommission des Pekinger Krankenhauses genehmigt. Indikationen und Kontraindikationen für eine Operation sind nach den Richtlinien der European Association of Urology für urotheliale Zellkarzinom der oberen Harnwege.
1. Instrumente für den Betrieb
<ol><li>Stellen Sie die Verfügbarkeit des laparoskopischen Bildgebungssystems, der Bilder des Pneumoperitoneums und des Ultraschallskalpells sicher.</li>
</ol>2. Vorberei...

<ol>
	<li>Roupret, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=European+guidelines+for+the+diagnosis+and+management+of+upper+urinary+tract+urothelial+cell+carcinomas:+2011+update.">European guidelines for the diagnosis and management of upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinomas: 2011 update.</a> European Urology. 59 (4), 584-594 (2011).</li><li>Ristau, B. T., Tomaszewski, J. J., Ost, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Upper+Tract+Urothelial+Carcinoma:+Current+Treatment+and+Outcomes.">Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Current Treatment and Outcomes.</a> Urology. 79 (4), 749-756 (2012).</li><li>Ni, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+Versus+Open+Nephroureterectomy+for+the+Treatment+of+Upper+Urinary+Tract+Urothelial+Carcinoma:+A+Systematic+Review+and+Cumulative+Analysis+of+Comparative+Studies.">Laparoscopic Versus Open Nephroureterectomy for the Treatment of Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Cumulative Analysis of Comparative Studies.</a> European Urology. 61 (6), 1142-1153 (2012).</li><li>Ghazi, A., Shefler, A., Gruell, M., Zimmermann, R., Janetschek, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Novel+Approach+for+a+Complete+Laparoscopic+Nephroureterectomy+with+Bladder+Cuff+Excision.">A Novel Approach for a Complete Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy with Bladder Cuff Excision.</a> Journal of Endourology. 24 (3), 415 (2010).</li><li>Hiroshi, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+Laparoscopic,+Hand-Assisted,+and+Open+Surgical+Nephroureterectomy.">Comparison of Laparoscopic, Hand-Assisted, and Open Surgical Nephroureterectomy.</a> Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons. 18 (2), 288-293 (2014).</li><li>Ni, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+Versus+Open+Nephroureterectomy+for+the+Treatment+of+Upper+Urinary+Tract+Urothelial+Carcinoma:+A+Systematic+Review+and+Cumulative+Analysis+of+Comparative+Studies.">Laparoscopic Versus Open Nephroureterectomy for the Treatment of Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Cumulative Analysis of Comparative Studies.</a> European Urology. 61 (6), 1142-1153 (2012).</li><li>Seisen, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Systematic+Review+and+Meta-analysis+of+Clinicopathologic+Factors+Linked+to+Intravesical+Recurrence+After+Radical+Nephroureterectomy+to+Treat+Upper+Tract+Urothelial+Carcinoma.">A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinicopathologic Factors Linked to Intravesical Recurrence After Radical Nephroureterectomy to Treat Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma.</a> Journal of Urology. 67 (6), 1122-1133 (2015).</li><li>Michael, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+oncologic+outcome+after+laparoscopic+radical+nephroureterectomy+for+upper+tract+transitional+cell+carcinoma.">Long-term oncologic outcome after laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract transitional cell carcinoma.</a> European Urology. 6 (51), (2007).</li><li>Terakawa, T. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retroperitoneoscopic+nephroureterectomy+for+upper+urinary+tract+cancer:+a+comparative+study+with+conventional+open+retroperitoneal+nephroureterectomy.">Retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract cancer: a comparative study with conventional open retroperitoneal nephroureterectomy.</a> Journal of Endourology. 22 (8), 1693-1699 (2008).</li><li>Gkougkousis, E. G., Mellon, J. K., Griffiths, T. R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Management+of+the+Distal+Ureter+during+Nephroureterectomy+for+Upper+Urinary+Tract+Transitional+Cell+Carcinoma:+A+Review.">Management of the Distal Ureter during Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma: A Review.</a> Urologia Internationalis. 85 (3), 249-256 (2010).</li><li>Li, C. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Significant+Predictive+Factors+for+Prognosis+of+Primary+Upper+Urinary+Tract+Cancer+after+Radical+Nephroureterectomy+in+Taiwanese+Patients.">Significant Predictive Factors for Prognosis of Primary Upper Urinary Tract Cancer after Radical Nephroureterectomy in Taiwanese Patients.</a> European Urology. 54 (5), 1127-1135 (2008).</li><li>Cormio, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+radical+nephroureterectomy+and+transurethral+distal+ureter+balloon+occlusion+and+detachment.">Simultaneous radical nephroureterectomy and transurethral distal ureter balloon occlusion and detachment.</a> World Journal of Surgical Oncology. 12 (1), 345 (2014).</li><li>Waldert, M., Remzi, M., Klingler, H. C., Mueller, L., Marberger, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+oncological+results+of+laparoscopic+nephroureterectomy+for+upper+urinary+tract+transitional+cell+cancer+are+equal+to+those+of+open+nephroureterectomy.">The oncological results of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract transitional cell cancer are equal to those of open nephroureterectomy.</a> Bju International. 103 (1), 66-70 (2010).</li><li>Liu, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Novel+and+Simple+Modification+for+Management+of+Distal+Ureter+During+Laparoscopic+Nephroureterectomy+Without+Patient+Repositioning:+A+Bulldog+Clamp+Technique+and+Description+of+Modified+Port+Placement.">A Novel and Simple Modification for Management of Distal Ureter During Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy Without Patient Repositioning: A Bulldog Clamp Technique and Description of Modified Port Placement.</a> Journal of Endourology. 30 (2), 195-200 (2016).</li><li>Xylinas, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+distal+ureter+management+on+oncologic+outcomes+following+radical+nephroureterectomy+for+upper+tract+urothelial+carcinoma.">Impact of distal ureter management on oncologic outcomes following radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.</a> European Urology. 65 (1), 210-217 (2014).</li></ol>

Eine traditionelle offene Renal Harnleiterresektion und Blasenmanschetten-ähnliche Resektion beinhalten meist obere und untere Schnitte, die eine Änderung der Positionen und zweimal desinfizieren die chirurgischen Handtücher erfordern. Die Operationszeit ist lang, und die Menge der Traumata ist groß. Laparoskopische Nierenharnleiter und Blasenärmelresektion wurden nach und nach von Urologen übernommen, da minimalinvasive Operationstechniken in der Urologie weit verbreitet sind8. Die Methoden...

Die radikale Nephrourrektomie ist ein Standardverfahren zur Behandlung des urotheliaalen Karzinoms (UTUC)imoberen Trakt 1 . Traditionelle offene Chirurgie erfordert zwei große Schnitte im Unterbauch, die mit einer großen Menge an Trauma und viele Komplikationen verbunden ist2. Mit der rasanten Entwicklung minimalinvasiver Techniken in der Urologie wurde die laparoskopische Chirurgie in vielen Forschungsstudien nach und nach angewandt. Laparoskopische Chirurgie ist identisch mit offenen Chirurgie bei der Behandlung der Tumoren, so dass die traditionellen chirurgischen Methoden wurden nach und nach durch laparoskopische Chirurgie ersetzt3.
In der laparoskopischen Chirurgie war die Behandlung des terminalen Harnleiters ein Schwerpunkt und eine bekannte Schwierigkeit der Operation. Derzeit gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Behandlung des Harnleiterendes in der laparoskopischen Nephrourrektomie. Jedoch, Verringerung der Schwierigkeit der Operation und die Menge des Traumas war nicht möglich4,5.
Nach Jahren der Erforschung hat sich unser Zentrum verbessert und eine neue Methode für die Behandlung des terminalen Harnleiters angenommen: Das Vorschneiden der medialen Nabelfalte erhöht nicht nur den Operationsraum, sondern reduziert auch die Schwierigkeit der Operation und minimiert zusätzliche Trauma für den Patienten.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Laparoscopic imaging system</td>
			<td>STORZ</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pneumoperitoneum</td>
			<td>STORZ</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrasonic scalpel</td>
			<td>Johnson</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vascular closure clip</td>
			<td>Hem-o-Lock</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

technical modification of the terminal ureter during total transperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma

Das urotheliale Karzinom (UTUC) des oberen Trakts macht 5%–10% aller urotheliale Tumoren aus. Die radikale Nephrourrektomie ist das Standardbehandlungsverfahren. Derzeit gibt es noch verschiedene Möglichkeiten für die Behandlung des Harnleiterendes während der laparoskopischen Ureteral-Blasenhülsenresektion. Unser Zentrum hat eine neue Methode zur Behandlung des Harnleiter-Endes angenommen. Diese neue Methode kann den Operationsraum erhöhen und die Schwierigkeit der Operation im Vergleich zu aktuellen Methoden reduzieren.

Insgesamt wurden 87 Patienten ohne Schwierigkeiten operiert, und es gab keine offenen Operationen. Das Durchschnittsalter der Patienten betrug 67,25 bis 9,90 Jahre. Innerhalb dieser Gruppe gab es 47 Fälle von Nierenbeckenkrebs, 10 Fälle von Beckenkrebs mit Harnleiterkrebs und 30 Fälle von Harnleiterkrebs (10 Fälle von oberem Harnröhrenkrebs, 9 Fälle von Harnleiterkrebs im Mittleren Harnleiter und 11 Fälle von harnröhrendem Harnleiterkrebs). Insgesamt waren 49 Krebsarten auf der linken Seite und 38 Krebsarten auf ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma at JoV

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Hier stellen wir ein Protokoll vor, um das chirurgische Sichtfeld zu vergrößern und die Schwierigkeit der gesamten transperitonalen laparoskopischen Nephrourrektomie-Chirurgie zu reduzieren, indem wir das Nabelband vor der Behandlung des terminalen Harnleiters vorschneiden.

Technische Modifikation des Terminal Ureter während der totalen transperitonalen laparoskopischen Nephrourrektomie für den oberen Harntrakt Urothelianomen

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) accounts for 5%&ndash;10% of all urothelial tumors. Radical nephroureterectomy is the standard treatment ...

Unser Zentrum hat eine neue Technik zur Behandlung des distalen Harnleiters angenommen. Im Vergleich zur vorherigen, unsere neue Technik erhöhen den Betriebsraum und reduzieren die Schwierigkeit des Verfahrens. Durch das Trennen der Nabelarterie kann das Gesichtsfeld geöffnet werden, der Zugang zum Operationsraum wird erhöht und das Verletzungsrisiko für das umgebende Gewebe verringert.Darüber hinaus kann diese Technik die Gesamtbetriebs- und Anästhesiezeit reduzieren, das Risiko einer Tumorimplantation und auch die Schwierigkeit des Verfahrens reduzieren. Die beste Anwendung dieser Fähigkeit ist für Sie zu sehen, aber wir können diese Fähigkeit auch verwenden, um andere laparoskopische Chirurgie zu tun, um den Arbeitsraum zu erhöhen. Vor Beginn des Verfahrens ein intravenöses Antibiotikum verabreichen.Nach der Verabreichung der Vollnarkose positionieren Sie die gesunde Seite des Patienten in einer 60-Grad-Rücklinie an der Taille, so dass sich der Patient in einer V-förmigen Position auf dem Operationstisch befindet. Platzieren Sie den zweiten Trokar in der Nähe des seitlichen Rands des Rectus abdominis entlang der Nabelebene der betroffenen Seite. Im dritten Trokar, unter dem betroffenen Teil der Mittellinie des Schlüsselbeins.Mit dem Patienten in der linken seitlichen Position, verwenden Sie den Trokar, um Pneumoperitoneum zu etablieren und den Pneumoperitoneumdruck bei 14 Millimeter Quecksilber an der Mittellinie des Schlüsselbeins und dem Mittelpunkt des Leistenbandes und unter dem xiphoiden Prozess aufrechtzuerhalten. Um die Niere in oberen und mittleren Harnleitern zu behandeln, sezieren Sie das Peritoneum auf der betroffenen Seite, um den Dickdarm vollständig freizusetzen. Verwenden Sie einen Gefäßverschlussclip, um den Harnleiter am distalen Ende des Tumors zu lösen und zu klemmen und das Gewebe entlang des Harnleiters nach oben zu lösen, bis der Nierenhilum erreicht ist.Sequentiell die Nierenarterie und die Nierenvene behandeln, um die Niere vollständig zu befreien. Dann befreien Sie den Harnleiter auf die externe Gefäßebene. Um den terminalen Harnleiter zu behandeln, verwenden Sie ein Ultraschallskalpell, um das vordere Peritoneum des Harnleiters zu öffnen.Nach dem Überqueren der Iliasgefäße, identifizieren Sie die Nabel mediale Iliac Kamm, an dem sich die Nabelarterie befindet. Schneiden Sie dann den medialen Iliaskamm, damit die Arterie die Außenseite der Blase erreichen kann. Es ist wichtig, den medialen Iliaskamm vor der terminalen Harnleiterbehandlung zu schneiden.Klemmen und schneiden Sie das distale Ende der Gefäßstruktur nach Standardprotokollen. Befreien Sie die Blase bis zu dem Punkt, an dem der Harnleiter in die Blase gelangt. Schneiden Sie die gesamte Schicht der Blasenwand an der Oberseite des Uretalknotens und vernähen Sie die gesamte Schicht der Blase mit 3-0 resorbierbarem Faden, um Traktion zu bieten und die Visualisierung der normalen Blasenschleimhaut zu ermöglichen.Dann verwenden Sie ein Skalpell, um das Harnleiterblasenwandsegment und einen Teil der Blasenschleimhaut zu entfernen, bevor Sie die Blasenwand vollständig mit resorbierbaren Linien verschließen. Wenn die Probe gefunden wurde, verlängern Sie den Einschnitt für Kanüle A und entfernen Sie die Probe. Dann die chirurgische Probe in den Probenbeutel laden und jeden Schnitt abschichten.Am Ende des Eingriffs kann der Patient etwa eine Stunde lang mit Überwachung im Bett in der postoperativen Pflegestation liegen. Wenn der Patient vollständig wach ist, kehren Sie den Patienten auf die Station zurück. In dieser repräsentativen Analyse von 87 Patienten, die sich der Operation unterzogen haben, wie gezeigt, betrug das durchschnittliche Patientenalter 67,25 plus oder minus 9,9 Jahre, mit 47 Fällen von Nierenbeckenkrebs, 10 Fällen von Beckenkrebs mit Harnleiterkrebs, 10 Fällen von oberem Harnröhrenkrebs, 9 Fällen von mitteljährigem Harnröhrenkrebs und 11 Fällen von niedrigerem Harnleiterkrebs.49 Krebsarten befanden sich auf der linken Seite des Patienten und 38 auf der rechten Seite. Der durchschnittliche Tumordurchmesser betrug 3,24 plus oder minus 1,47 Zentimeter, die durchschnittliche Operationszeit 162,5 plus oder minus 45,64 Minuten. Das Volumen des intraoperativen Blutverlustes betrug 113,33 plus oder minus 59,74 Millileter, und keine Patienten benötigten eine perioperative Bluttransfusion.Im Durchschnitt waren die Drainagerohre für 4,56 plus oder minus 1,12 Tage an Ort und Stelle, und die Katheter waren für 5,63 plus oder minus 2,17 Tage an Ort und Stelle. Die postoperativen pathologischen Stadien reichten von T-1, N-0, N-0 bis T-4, N-0, N-0. Während der Operation traten keine Komplikationen auf, obwohl zwei Patienten nach der Operation Komplikationen hatten.Die Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug ein bis 44 Monate mit der medianen Nachbeobachtungszeit von 13 Monaten. Acht Patienten hatten ein postoperatives Tumorrezidiv, allesamt Blasenrezidiv. Die Exzision des nabelmedialen Iliaskamms kann das chirurgische Sichtfeld deutlich erhöhen und den Erfolg des Eingriffs verbessern.Vielleicht kann das Schneiden des medialen Iliaskamms hier mit einer Schere durchgeführt werden. Aber es wurde nicht oft in der Literatur zu präsentieren berichtet.

technical-modification-terminal-ureter-during-total-transperitoneal

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique

Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an emerging optical imaging technology that enables real-time in vivo microscopy of mucosal surfaces during standard endoscopy. With applications currently in the respiratory1 and gastrointestinal tracts,2-6 CLE has also been explored in the urinary tract for bladder cancer diagnosis.7-10 Cellular morphology and tissue microarchitecture can be resolved with micron scale resolution in real time, in addition to dynamic imaging of the normal and pathological vasculature.7
The probe-based CLE system (Cellvizio, Mauna Kea Technologies, France) consists of a reusable fiberoptic imaging probe coupled to a 488 nm laser scanning unit. The imaging probe is inserted in the working channels of standard flexible and rigid endoscopes. An endoscope-based CLE system (Optiscan, Australia), in which the confocal endomicroscopy functionality is integrated onto the endoscope, is also used in the gastrointestinal tract. Given the larger scope diameter, however, application in the urinary tract is currently limited to ex vivo use.11 Confocal image acquisition is done through direct contact of the imaging probe with the target tissue and recorded as video sequences. As in the gastrointestinal tract, endomicroscopy of the urinary tract requires an exogenenous contrast agent&mdash;most commonly fluorescein, which can be administered intravenously or intravesically. Intravesical administration is a well-established method to introduce pharmacological agents locally with minimal systemic toxicity that is unique to the urinary tract. Fluorescein rapidly stains the extracellular matrix and has an established safety profile.12 Imaging probes of various diameters enable compatibility with different caliber endoscopes. To date, 1.4 and 2.6 mm probes have been evaluated with flexible and rigid cystoscopy.10 Recent availability of a &lt; 1 mm imaging probe13 opens up the possibility of CLE in the upper urinary tract during ureteroscopy. Fluorescence cystoscopy (i.e. photodynamic diagnosis) and narrow band imaging are additional endoscope-based optical imaging modalities14 that can be combined with CLE to achieve multimodal imaging of the urinary tract. In the future, CLE may be coupled with molecular contrast agents such as fluorescently labeled peptides15 and antibodies for endoscopic imaging of disease processes with molecular specificity.

Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy enables real-time microscopy of the human urinary tract during cystoscopy, providing dynamic, intravital imaging of pathological states such as bladder cancer with cellular resolution. Endomicroscopy may augment the diagnostic accuracy of standard white light endoscopy and provide intraoperative image guidance to improve surgical resection.

Probe-basierte konfokale Laser Endomikroskopie der Harnwege: Die Technik

Probe-based  confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an emerging optical imaging technology  that enables real-time in vivo microscopy of mucosal surfaces ...

Forschung

Medizin

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula

Technical aspects of creating an arteriovenous fistula in the mouse are discussed. Under general anesthesia, an abdominal incision is made, and the aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC) are exposed. The proximal infrarenal aorta and the distal aorta are dissected for clamp placement and needle puncture, respectively. Special attention is paid to avoid dissection between the aorta and the IVC. After clamping the aorta, a 25 G needle is used to puncture both walls of the aorta into the IVC. The surrounding connective tissue is used for hemostatic compression. Successful creation of the AVF will show pulsatile arterial blood flow in the IVC. Further confirmation of successful AVF can be achieved by post-operative Doppler ultrasound.

The goal is to produce an arteriovenous fistula that is simple and reproducible. This method does not use sutures or glue adhesive. Therefore the samples can be used with the least amount of foreign materials for analysis.

Technische Aspekte der Maus aortokavaler Fistel

Technical aspects of creating an arteriovenous fistula in the mouse are discussed. Under general anesthesia, an abdominal incision is made, and the aorta ...

Dual-phase Cone-beam Computed Tomography to See, Reach, and Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma during Drug-eluting Beads Transarterial Chemo-embolization

The advent of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the angiography suite has been revolutionary in interventional radiology. CBCT offers 3 dimensional&#160;(3D) diagnostic imaging in the interventional suite and can enhance minimally-invasive therapy beyond the limitations of 2D angiography alone. The role of CBCT has been recognized in transarterial chemo-embolization (TACE) treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The recent introduction of a CBCT technique: dual-phase CBCT (DP-CBCT) improves intra-arterial HCC treatment with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE). DP-CBCT can be used to localize liver tumors with the diagnostic accuracy of multi-phasic multidetector computed tomography (M-MDCT) and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) (See the tumor), to guide intra-arterially guidewire and microcatheter to the desired location for selective therapy (Reach the tumor), and to evaluate treatment success during the procedure (Treat the tumor). The purpose of this manuscript is to illustrate how DP-CBCT is used in DEB-TACE to see, reach, and treat HCC.

Dual-phase cone-beam computed tomography (DP-CBCT) is a useful intraprocedural imaging technique for transarterial chemo-embolization treatment with drug-eluting beads of hepatocellular carcinoma. DP-CBCT has been used to perform three major steps in oncologic interventional radiology: tumor localization (see), navigation and intraprocedural catheter guidance (reach), and intraprocedural evaluation of treatment success (treat).

The advent of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the angiography suite has been revolutionary in interventional radiology. CBCT offers 3 ...

Bladder Smooth Muscle Strip Contractility as a Method to Evaluate Lower Urinary Tract Pharmacology

We describe an in vitro method to measure bladder smooth muscle contractility, and its use for investigating physiological and pharmacological properties of the smooth muscle as well as changes induced by pathology. This method provides critical information for understanding bladder function while overcoming major methodological difficulties encountered in in vivo experiments, such as surgical and pharmacological manipulations that affect stability and survival of the preparations, the use of human tissue, and/or the use of expensive chemicals. It also provides a way to investigate the properties of each bladder component (i.e. smooth muscle, mucosa, nerves) in healthy and pathological conditions.
The urinary bladder is removed from an anesthetized animal, placed in Krebs solution and cut into strips. Strips are placed into a chamber filled with warm Krebs solution. One end is attached to an isometric tension transducer to measure contraction force, the other end is attached to a fixed rod. Tissue is stimulated by directly adding compounds to the bath or by electric field stimulation electrodes that activate nerves, similar to triggering bladder contractions in vivo. We demonstrate the use of this method to evaluate spontaneous smooth muscle contractility during development and after an experimental spinal cord injury, the nature of neurotransmission (transmitters and receptors involved), factors involved in modulation of smooth muscle activity, the role of individual bladder components, and species and organ differences in response to pharmacological agents. Additionally, it could be used for investigating intracellular pathways involved in contraction and/or relaxation of the smooth muscle, drug structure-activity relationships and evaluation of transmitter release.
The in vitro smooth muscle contractility method has been used extensively for over 50 years, and has provided data that significantly contributed to our understanding of bladder function as well as to pharmaceutical development of compounds currently used clinically for bladder management.

This manuscript presents a simple, yet powerful, in vitro method for evaluating smooth muscle contractility in response to pharmacological agents or nerve stimulation. Main applications are drug screening and understanding tissue physiology, pharmacology,&#160;and pathology.

Glatten Muskulatur der Blase Streifen Kontraktilität als eine Methode zur unteren Harnwege Pharmakologie Bewerten

We describe an in vitro method to measure bladder smooth muscle contractility, and its use for investigating physiological and pharmacological properties ...

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

The incidence of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is increasing due to the aging population, resulting in a significant economic and quality of life burden. Transgenic and other mouse models have been developed to recreate various aspects of this multifactorial disease; however, methods to accurately quantitate urinary dysfunction and the effectiveness of new therapeutic options are lacking. Here, we describe a method that can be used to measure bladder volume and detrusor wall thickness, urinary velocity, void volume and void duration, and urethral diameter. This would allow for the evaluation of disease progression and treatment efficacy over time. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, and the bladder was visualized by ultrasound. For non-contrast imaging, a 3D image was taken of the bladder to calculate volume and evaluate shape; the bladder wall thickness was measured from this image. For contrast-enhanced imaging, a catheter was placed through the dome of the bladder using a 27-gauge needle connected to a syringe by PE50 tubing. A bolus of 0.5 mL of contrast was infused into the bladder until a urination event occurred. Urethral diameter was determined at the point of the Doppler velocity sample window during the first voiding event. Velocity was measured for each subsequent event yielding a flow rate. In conclusion, high frequency ultrasound proved to be an effective method for assessing bladder and urethral measurements during urinary function in mice. This technique may be useful in the assessment of novel therapies for BPH/LUTS in an experimental setting.

We describe the use of high frequency ultrasound with contrast imaging as a method to measure bladder volume, bladder wall thickness, urine velocity, void volume, void duration, and urethral diameter. This strategy can be used to assess voiding dysfunction and treatment efficacy in various mouse models of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD).

Ultrasonographie des adulten männlichen Harntraktes für Harnfunktionstests

The incidence of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is increasing due to the aging population, resulting ...

Technical Detail for Robot Assisted Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Since its first report in 2003, robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) has gained popularity among pancreatic surgeons. Inherent advantages of the robotic platform, including three-dimensional vision, wristed instruments, and improved ergonomics, allow the surgeon to recapitulate the principles of open pancreatoduodenectomy allowing safe oncologic dissection, hemostasis, and meticulous reconstruction. Over the course of the past decade, significant strides have been achieved in outlining the safety, feasibility, and learning curve of the robotic Whipple. When performed by high volume pancreatic surgeons experienced in RPD, recent comparative effectiveness studies show potential advantages compared to the open technique, including reductions in hospital stay and morbidity. National data also show reductions in conversion rates compared to its laparoscopic counterpart. Although long-term oncologic data are still needed, short-term oncologic surrogates of margin resection and lymph node harvest suggest no compromise in oncologic outcomes. As pancreatic surgeons increasingly integrate robotics into their practice, proficiency-based training and credentialing will be necessary for the safe application and dissemination of RPD. Here, we provide the detailed steps of a robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy performed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.&#160;

The following manuscript details a stepwise approach to the robot-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy performed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.

Technisches Detail für Roboter assistierte Pankreaticoduodenektomie

Since its first report in 2003, robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) has gained popularity among pancreatic surgeons. Inherent advantages of the robotic ...

Surgical Techniques to Optimize Ovarian Reserve during Laparoscopic Cystectomy for Ovarian Endometrioma

Surgical management of ovarian endometrioma in patients desiring fertility is complicated by the need to balance maximal resection of disease with efforts to spare normal ovarian cortex. Optimization of tubal anatomy is another frequent consideration. Fertility-sparing laparoscopic techniques at the time of cystectomy for ovarian endometrioma seek to limit iatrogenic surgical damage to the ovarian cortex and strategically assess and respond to genital tract patency. Surgical candidates frequently desire relief from endometriosis-associated pain while also seeking to optimize spontaneous or assisted conception rates. Operative benefits include potential for surgical and histopathologic diagnosis of endometriosis, evaluation of genital tract patency, and treatment of visualized lesions. Resection of ovarian endometrioma nonetheless poses significant risks, including surgical injury, blood loss, post-surgical decline in ovarian reserve and post-operative inflammation with adhesion formation, both of which may impair folliculogenesis.
We present the case of a 32-year-old woman with known endometriosis and continued pain refractory to medical management who opted for surgical management of her disease tailored toward optimizing her chances at future conception. Using this case as an example, we describe techniques and considerations for diagnostic laparoscopy, adhesiolysis, ovarian cystectomy, chromopertubation, and salpingectomy with a focus on maintaining a fertility-preserving approach.

This protocol presents techniques to laparoscopically excise ovarian endometrioma, to perform adhesiolysis with sparing electrosurgical application, and to employ intraoperative chromopertubation to assess for genital tract patency. This systematic approach will facilitate optimal endometriosis management, guide concomitant adnexal surgeries, and enhance post-surgical fertility outcomes.

Chirurgische Techniken zur Optimierung der Ovarialreserve während der laparoskopischen Zystektomie für ovarielles Endometriom

Surgical management of ovarian endometrioma in patients desiring fertility is complicated by the need to balance maximal resection of disease with efforts ...

Laparoscopic Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer Using In-Situ No-Touch Isolation Technique

Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is a standard radical operation for pancreatic head malignant tumors by now. Due to the complex laparoscopic resection and reconstruction techniques, it is difficult to perform LPD for patients with locally advanced pancreatic head cancer after neoadjuvant therapy. Our team initiates LPD using the in-situ No-Touch isolation technique. The innovation and optimization of this modified No-Touch isolation technique emphasize exploring the distal section of superior mesenteric vein&#160;(SMV) and the left side of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) prior to evaluating the resectability by subcolonic mesenteric approach, which is an ideal exploring approach. After that, we use the median-anterior, and left-posterior of SMA approaches to cut off the blood flow of the pancreatic head to make the tumor isolated intact, then move and dissect the tumor. It is a process fitting the surgical principle of tumor-free. This article aims to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of performing LPD using the in-situ No-Touch isolation technique, which might elevate the R0 resection rate. It is an oncological ideal operation process.

Laparoscopic Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer Using In-Situ No-Touch Isolation Technique

No-Touch isolation procedures might prevent the dissemination of cancer cells from the primary tumor. However, these techniques are not widely accepted in laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) by now. We herein present in-situ No-Touch isolation LPD with partial resection and reconstruction of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) for pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant therapy.

Laparoskopische Pankreas-Duodenektomie bei Bauchspeicheldrüsenkrebs mit berührungsloser In-situ-Isolationstechnik

Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is a standard radical operation for pancreatic head malignant tumors by now. Due to the complex laparoscopic ...

Laparoscopic Oocyte Retrieval and Cryopreservation during Vaginoplasty for Treatment of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome

In Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS) patients who are scheduled for laparoscopic vaginoplasty and have a desire for biological motherhood, we propose that a concomitant laparoscopic oocyte retrieval for cryopreservation is performed. Oocyte retrieval is pursued at the beginning of the laparoscopy. Right and left 5 mm trocars are positioned, through which a 17 G ovum aspiration needle is used for puncture of the right and left ovaries, respectively. To facilitate exposure of the follicles, the ovaries are mobilized and held with laparoscopic forceps.
When aspirating multiple follicles near each other, the needle tip is retained in the ovary to reduce the number of times that the ovarian cortex is transfixed and due to the inherent risk of bleeding. Subsequent steps are unchanged compared to the Davydov laparoscopic modified technique for vaginoplasty. Prior to surgery, controlled ovarian stimulation is performed with a gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) antagonist protocol, and the concomitant procedure of oocyte retrieval and vaginoplasty is scheduled 36 h after the final follicular maturation trigger. Follicular fluid is collected in the same 10 mL sterile tubes used during transvaginal oocyte retrieval and transferred in a warming block (37 &#176;C) to the assisted reproduction laboratory, where mature (metaphase II) oocytes are vitrified.
In this case, a series of 23 women with MRKH, oocytes were successfully retrieved and cryopreserved in all patients; vaginoplasty was subsequently conducted without modifications, and the inpatient and outpatient postoperative care (day of urinary catheter removal, day of hospital discharge, dilator use, and comfort at follow-up) remained unaffected. One postoperative complication occurred in one patient (fever developing on day 5 post surgery and intraperitoneal fluid detection on transabdominal ultrasound) and resolved after conservative treatment. Rather than performing surgical vaginoplasty and delaying oocyte retrieval in MRKH patients, this approach combines both procedures in a single laparoscopy, thereby minimizing surgical invasiveness and anesthesiologic risks.

A dedicated team can offer Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser patients the option to perform controlled ovarian stimulation and oocyte cryopreservation at the time of laparoscopic vaginoplasty.

Laparoskopische Eizellentnahme und Kryokonservierung während der Vaginoplastik zur Behandlung des Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser-Syndroms

In Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS) patients who are scheduled for laparoscopic vaginoplasty and have a desire for biological motherhood, ...

Laparoscopic Non-Mesh Cerclage Pectopexy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is widespread among the female population and significantly impairs the patient's quality of life. It is important to restore apical support for treating POP. Sacrocolpopexy and pectopexy are indicated for apical prolapse. Using a synthetic mesh in these techniques increases success by enhancing apical support. However, the implantation of synthetic mesh is associated with mesh-related complications. In addition, the exorbitant cost of synthetic mesh and lack of universal access limit the popularity of these procedures. The current study develops a unique technique known as laparoscopic non-mesh cerclage pectopexy (LNMCP), in which permanent cervical cerclage sutures are embedded in the round ligament until the iliopectineal ligament. The iliopectineal ligament was sutured, resulting in a firm cervical suspension. The procedure was successfully performed in 16 cases in the hospital. The surgical duration was 67.8 min &plusmn; 15.5 min, and the blood loss was 73.1 mL &plusmn; 51.1 mL. No procedural complications were seen. LNMCP is associated with an objective success rate of 100% and a subjective success rate of 93.8%. LNMCP for patients with apical prolapse obviates the need for a mesh, thereby avoiding complications associated with mesh erosion and reducing medical costs. In addition, it is easy to perform even in resource-poor areas without access to synthetic mesh.

The present pilot study describes the development of laparoscopic non-mesh cerclage pectopexy to treat pelvic organ prolapse. The procedure can be used to prevent any complications associated with the use of mesh.

Laparoskopische Non-Mesh-Cerclage-Pektopaxie bei Beckenorganprolaps

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is widespread among the female population and significantly impairs the patient's quality of life. It is important to restore ...