Name: conducting concurrent electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings with a flanker task
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这项工作部分在高性能计算集群（HPCC）进行，该集群由澳门大学信息和通信技术办公室（ICTO）提供支持。这项研究由澳门大学MYRG2019-00082-FHS和MYRG2018-00081-FHS资助，并由澳门特区科技发展基金（FDCT 0011/2018/A1和FDCT025/2015/A1）资助。

在实验测试之前，所有参与者都签署了知情同意文件。本研究议定书获澳门大学道德委员会批准。
1. 用于并发 EEG 和 fNIRS 录像的硬件和软件设置
<ol><li>为并发 EEG-fNIRS 录制构建头盖。<ol>
<li>根据参与者的头部周长选择适当的盖尺寸。在这项研究中，使用中等大小的帽子，因为它适合大多数青少年和成人参与者。</li>
		<li>在前额叶皮层中设计fNIRS视点与脑电图帽的布局（<strong ...

<ol>
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在此协议中，通过记录整个大脑的神经信号和前额叶皮层的并发血液动力学反应，执行联合EEG和fNIRS记录，以检查涉及事件相关的Flanker范式的大脑激活模式。ERP 结果表明，Fz 的 N200 能够显著区分一致和不一致条件（P=0.037）。同时，SFC中的HbO信号（通道21）也表现出一致和不一致条件之间的显著差异，这表明抑制与Flanker任务相关的大脑认知功能的反应（PFDR = 0.041）的重要作用。
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本研究旨在开发一种工作协议，通过使用融合EEG和fNIRS神经成像技术来揭示Flanker任务背后的神经激活模式。有趣的是，并发fNIRS-EEG记录允许检查前额叶皮层的血液动力学信号与整个大脑中与Flanker任务相关的各种事件相关电位（ERP）成分之间的关系。
各种非侵入性神经成像模式的整合，包括功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）、脑电图（EEG）和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）对于增进,对大脑1、2、32中信息处理地点和时间的理解至关重要。13此外，还有可能结合fNIRS和EEG来研究局部神经活动与随后血液动力学反应变化之间的关系，其中脑电图和fNIRS在揭示人脑认知功能的神经机制方面可以相互补充。fNIRS是一种基于血管的功能性神经成像技术，依靠血液动力学反应来推断大脑激活。fNIRS测量大脑皮层的相对氧血红蛋白（HbO）和脱氧血红蛋白（HbR）浓度变化，在认知处理33、4、5、6、74,5,6,7研究中起着重要作用。根据神经血管和神经代谢耦合机制8，与认知处理相关的局部神经活动的变化通常伴随着局部血流和血氧的后续变化，延迟4-7秒。结果表明，神经血管耦合很可能是一种功率传感器，它将神经活动的快速动力学集成到慢性血管动力学9的血管输入中。具体来说，fNIRS主要用于检查前额叶的神经血管活动，特别是负责高认知功能的前额皮质，如执行功能10、11、12、11,12推理和规划13、决策14、社会认知和道德判断15。10然而，fNIRS测量的血液动力学反应仅间接捕获具有低时分辨率的神经活动，而脑电图可以提供时间上精细和直接的神经活动测量。因此，EEG和fNIRS记录的组合可以识别更多的特征，并揭示与大脑功能相关的更多信息。
更重要的是，已进行多模态采集脑电图和fNIRS信号，以检查各种认知任务16、17、18、19、20、21、2221,22或脑-计算机接口16,17,18,19,20,23、24,24背后的大脑激活。特别是，并发ERP（事件相关电位）和fNIRS记录基于事件相关的听觉怪球范式1进行，其中fNIRS可以在P300组件出现几秒钟后识别前时叶皮层的血液动力学变化。霍罗维茨等人还演示了在语义处理任务25中同时测量fNIRS信号和P300分量。有趣的是，以前基于同时EEG和fNIRS记录的研究表明，在奇球刺激期间，P300与fNIRS信号26表现出显著的相关性。结果发现，多模式测量具有揭示基于事件相关范式26的综合认知神经机制的潜力。除了怪球任务外，与ERP组件N200相关的Flanker任务也是一个重要的范例，可用于研究认知能力检测和评估与健康控制和各种疾病患者。具体来说，N200是一个负分量，从前结形皮层前额27和优越的叶皮层28峰200-350毫秒。虽然先前的研究研究了Flanker任务29中上前皮层和α振荡之间的关系，但N200振幅与Flanker任务期间的血液动力学反应之间的相关性尚未探索。
在此协议中，基于标准 EEG 帽的自制 EEG/fNIRS 修补程序用于并发 EEG 和 fNIRS 记录。光子/电极的排列与支持是通过放置fNIRS光子融合到脑电图帽。同时进行EEG和fNIRS数据采集时，与E-prime软件产生的激励任务相同。我们假设与 Flanker 任务相关的 ERP 组件与前额叶皮层的血动力学反应有显著的相关性。同时，结合ERP和fNIRS记录可以提取多个信号指示器，以更高的精度识别大脑激活模式。为了验证这一假设，将fNIRS设置和EEG机集成在一起，揭示了与事件相关的Flanker任务对应的复杂神经认知机制。

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">EEG cap</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">EASYCAP GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">-</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">EEG system</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">BioSemi</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>-</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">fNIRS system</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">TechEn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>CW6 System</td>
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	</tbody>
</table>

conducting concurrent electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings with a flanker task

并发EEG和fNIRS记录提供了一个绝佳的机会，通过检查神经和血液动力学信号之间的关系，全面了解认知处理的神经机制。脑电图是一种电生理学技术，可以测量皮层的快速神经元活动，而fNIRS依靠血液动力学反应来推断大脑激活。EEG和fNIRS神经成像技术的结合可以识别更多的特征，并揭示与大脑功能相关的更多信息。在此协议中，对在 Flanker 任务期间调用电电电位和血液动力学响应的并发记录进行了融合 EEG-fNIRS 测量。此外，还详细介绍了建立硬件和软件系统的关键步骤以及数据采集和分析程序。预计本协议可以通过使用EEG和fNIRS信号，为增进对各种认知过程背后的神经机制的理解开辟一条新途径。

图 2显示了所有通道的 HbO 信号，而图 3显示了 Fz 和 FCz 的 ErP 以及 Flanker 任务的两个条件。Figure 4说明了 Pearson 相关分析结果表明，SFC 中的 fNIRS 信号在不一致条件（P<0.05） 中与 Fz 的 ERP N200 组件存在显著相关性。但是，对于一致条件（P>0.05），情况并非如此。
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Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Conducting Concurrent Electroencephalography and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Recordings with a Flanker Task at JoVE.com

Conducting Concurrent Electroencephalography and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Recordings with a Flanker Task

本协议介绍了如何执行并发EEG和fNIRS记录以及如何检查EEG和fNIRS数据之间的关系。

使用 Flanker 任务进行并发脑电图和功能近红外光谱记录

Concurrent EEG and fNIRS recordings offer an excellent opportunity to gain a full understanding of the neural mechanism of cognitive processing by ...

本研究的目的是开发一个工作协议，揭示神经激活模式，使用融合EEG和fNIRS神经成像技术突出侧翼任务。同时进行的 fNIRS EEG 记录允许检查前额皮质与与整个大脑的潜在成分相关的不同事件之间的关系。fNIRS在大脑皮层，这是认知处理研究中非常重要的规律。我们知道，fNIRS主要用于检查前叶的神经血管活动。与高大脑认知功能有关。然而，fNIRS所得到的血动力反应只能读取时间分辨率低的活动，但脑电图可以提供神经活动的临时发现和直接测量。EEG 和 fNIRS 记录的组合能够识别更多的特征，并揭示与大脑功能相关的更多信息。本研究中，您使用 EEG fNIRS 技术用于 ERP 组件的同步录制和带侧翼任务的血液动力学响应。合理地假设 ERP 组件与侧翼任务关联，与血动力响应有显著相关性。为了将这种假设系绳，fNIRS和EEG机器集成在一起，揭示与侧翼任务对应的复杂神经认知十一分论。在实验测试之前，所有参与者都签署了知情同意文件。这项研究得到了澳门大学伦理委员会的批准。第一，用于并发 EEG 和 fNIRS 录制的硬件和软件设置。为并发 EEG 和 fNIRS 录像构建可行的头盖。根据参与者的头围选择正确的盖大小。在这项研究中，使用中等大小的帽，因为它适合大多数青少年或成人参与者。根据文献中的实验设计绘制布局。在 EEG 盖内挖 22 个孔，用于保持与专门外额皮层的 fNIRS 视点一体。根据 10-20 国际系统，沿 EEG 盖表面放置 21 或 71 个 EEG 电极，并安装视光的格栅。将每个源探测器对之间的距离设置为三厘米，然后修复视点。在每个光极中，蓝色光极是探测器，而红色视点是激光源。在软件中设置 EEG 和 fNIRS 端口。为 EEG 系统设置本研究中的并行端口示例 H378。为 fNIRS 系统设置串行端口，本研究例 600。应修改有关各种 EEG 和 fNIRS 设置的端口类型和编号。请联系制造商了解更多信息。实验前的准备。用激光预热 fNIRS 系统。打开 30 分钟。为 fNIRS 测量系统设置所有必要的操作许可器。如果设置，包括EEG和fNIRS测量系统给参与者。根据 10-20 国际系统测量和标记 CZ 点。确定 CZ 的电极位置，在左右轨道间齿片距离的一半距离的一半。先将帽子的前部沿参与者额头放置，然后向下拉帽的后侧向颈部。验证位置。请注意，强烈建议首先设置 EEG 电极，然后设置最近的光极。如果 EEG 导电凝胶覆盖了放置最近光二极管的孔，它应该是干净的，以防止光二极管的污染。准备 EEG 录制。通过插入钝针穿过 EEG 电极栅的孔来填充导电凝胶。根据电平将所有电极放入 EEG 电极网格中。打开 EEG 软件并检查电极的信号质量。如果信号质量不能满足要求，通过重新填充导电凝胶来重新调整电极。准备 fNIRS 录音。注意不要将参与者的眼睛直接暴露在源的激光束上。将光纤沿连接到 fNIRS 测量系统和附加支架的支架臂放置。确保纤维整洁。根据布局将光源和探测器插入孔中。测试信号质量。如果通道没有高电平信号与噪声比。例如，如果通道以黄色标记，则轻轻地交换光学探头周围的参与者头发，以确保光学探头和头骨之间不存在任何区域。如果步骤 2.8.3 无法提高信号质量，则提高信号强度。如果信号太多。例如，如果通道标记为红色，请关闭信号强度。运行实验。当信号稳定且信号与噪声比良好且参与者熟悉实验说明时，开始实验。实验后，保存并导出 EEG fNIRS 上的数据。小心拆下 EEG 电极和 fNIRS 光学探头。使用 3D 数字化器测量 fNIRS 视点的三维 3D MNI 坐标。让参与者坐在椅子上，戴上带传感器的眼镜。打开计算机上的数字化软件。确保 3D 数字化器系统通过适当的 com 端口与计算机连接。加载文件中设置的 optode 的布局。移动 3D 数字化器样式与关键位置一致。NZ， LZ，左耳，右耳，CZ 沿屏幕，然后按手写笔上的按钮。本地化光源和探测器。导出 3D 坐标文件。数据分析。fNIRS 数据分析。使用 2019 年大都会人寿的 fNIRS SPM 中的注册选项处理 3D MNI 坐标文件。选择具有 3D 数字化的单独特殊注册。选择之前，保存它其他和源文本文件。注册。根据以下步骤，使用荷马2软件预处理 fNIRS 信号。修改后的运动伪像校正的应用。然后通过过滤 0.015 赫兹到 0.2 赫兹。通过除以平均值来使更动态的信号振幅正常化。基于 3D 数字化信息生成每个通道的 fNIRS 数据。根据 fNIRS SPM 的回归计算，选择在 SFC 中注册概率为 100% 或以上的通道，以便进一步分析。导出 HbO 的峰值值。EEG 数据处理。使用插件将原始 EEG 数据文件夹加载到 EEG 实验室。在本研究中选择 BDF 文件的 BOC 插件。请注意，请根据EEG数据文件格式选择合适的插件。设置 EEG 实验室的通道位置信息。加载盖的相应位置文件。我们在ERP实验室的电极中参考，这是EEG实验室的一个插件。选择通道，作为参考电极将通道放在大容量存储中。根据 ERP 实验室中的事件和 bin 文件提取 EEG 数据。使用 IIR 筛选器筛选 ERP 实验室中的 EEG 数据段。通过过滤截止 30 赫兹的低频和 0.1 赫兹曲线的高频滤波。在 EEG 实验室中去除本登成分分析中的眼脑电图伪影。拒绝在 ERP 实验室的任何通道中振幅值超过正 100 到负 100 微伏范围的 EEG 数据段。ERP 实验室中的 EEG 数据段。请注意，这些是常用的数据分析方法和预处理 EEG 和 fNIRS 数据的软件。有许多可用的处理软件和方法。相关性计算。使用 Pearson 相关分析生成 fNIRS 和 EEG 记录之间的关系。代表性结果。fNIRS 耳机放置和通道配置。数字化的视点布局被转换成MNI坐标系，并沿大脑皮层重叠。与侧翼任务关联的所有通道的 HbO 信号。粉红色曲线表示一致条件，而绿色曲线表示一致条件。用于 FZ 和 FCZ 电极的 ERP 信号。黑色曲线定义不协调条件，而红色曲线表示一致条件。ERP N200 和 fNIRS 信号沿 SFC 之间的相关性对于不一致的情况。综上关于EEG和fNIRS神经成像的总结，通过记录整个大脑的神经信号和前额皮层的血动力反应，对大脑激活进行映射。我们成功获取了 EEG 和 fNIRS 数据，并完成了侧翼任务。我们的发现表明，fNIRS血流动力学响应和ERP N200分量显著相关，表现出与侧翼任务相关的认知机制的不同视角。我们的多模式神经成像结果支持EEG和fNIRS技术在大脑贡献中的重要作用，为增进对不同认知处理神经机制的理解铺平了道路。

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Functional Mapping with Simultaneous MEG and EEG

同时脑磁图和脑电图的功能映射

We use magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) to locate and determine the temporal evolution in brain areas involved in the ...

科研

神经科学

Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation

使用近红外光谱MazeSuite和功能研究学习空间导航

MazeSuite is a complete toolset to prepare, present and analyze navigational and spatial experiments1. MazeSuite can be used to design and edit adapted ...

Concurrent Recording of Co-localized Electroencephalography and Local Field Potential in Rodent

啮齿动物联合局部脑电图和局部电位的同步记录

Although electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used as a non-invasive technique for recording neural activities of the brain, our understanding of the ...

Neuroimaging Field Methods Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Neuroimaging to Study Global Child Development: Rural Sub-Saharan Africa

Neuroimaging Field Methods Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy NIRS Neuroimaging to Study Global Child Development: Rural Sub-Saharan Africa

利用功能近红外光谱成像技术研究全球儿童发展: 农村撒哈拉以南非洲地区的神经影像场方法

Portable neuroimaging approaches provide new advances to the study of brain function and brain development with previously inaccessible populations and in ...

Conducting Hyperscanning Experiments with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

利用功能近红外光谱进行超扫描实验

Concurrent brain recordings of two or more interacting persons, an approach termed hyperscanning, are gaining increasing importance for our understanding ...

Using Near-infrared Fluorescence and High-resolution Scanning to Measure Protein Expression in the Rodent Brain

近红外荧光和高分辨率扫描测量啮齿类动物大脑中蛋白质的表达

Neuroscience is the study of how cells in the brain mediate various functions. Measuring protein expression in neurons and glia is critical for the study ...

Preparation of Acute Human Hippocampal Slices for Electrophysiological Recordings

为电子生理记录准备急性人类河马切片

Epilepsy affects about 1% of the world population and leads to a severe decrease in quality of life due to ongoing seizures as well as high risk for ...

Qualitative and Comparative Cortical Activity Data Analyses from a Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Experiment Applying Block Design

功能近红外光谱实验应用块设计的定性和比较皮质活动数据分析

Neuroimaging studies play a pivotal role in the evaluation of pre- vs. post-interventional neurological conditions such as in rehabilitation and surgical ...

Reliable Acquisition of Electroencephalography Data during Simultaneous Electroencephalography and Functional MRI

同时脑电图和功能 MRI 期间的可靠脑成像数据获取

Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), EEG-fMRI, combines the complementary properties of scalp EEG ...

Group Synchronization During Collaborative Drawing Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

使用功能近红外光谱的协作绘图期间的组同步

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive method particularly suitable for measuring cerebral cortex activation in multiple subjects, ...