Name: real-time imaging of ccl5-induced migration of periosteal skeletal stem cells in mice
Uploaded: 2020-09-16T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af Bone Disease Program of Texas Award, Caroline Wiess Law Fund Award og NIAMS fra National Institutes of Health under tildelingsnumrene R01 AR072018, R21 AG064345, R01 CA221946 til D.P.  Vi takker M.E. Dickinson og T.J. Vadakkan i BCM Optical Imaging og Vital Microscopy Core og BCM Advanced Technology Cores med finansiering fra NIH (AI036211, CA125123 og DK056338).
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Alle mus blev opretholdt under patogenfrie forhold, og alle procedurer blev godkendt af Baylor College of Medicine's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC).
1. Forberedelse af mus
<ol><li>Cross Mx1-Cre17 og Rosa26-loxP-stop-loxP-tdTomato (Tom)18 mus (købt fra Jackson Laboratory) med αSMA-GFP mus (leveret her af Drs. Ivo Kalajzic og Henry Kronenberg) til at generere Mx1-Cre +Rosa26-Tomato+</sup...

<ol>
	<li>Einhorn, T. A., Gerstenfeld, L. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fracture+healing:+mechanisms+and+interventions.">Fracture healing: mechanisms and interventions.</a> Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 11 (1), 45-54 (2015).</li><li>Murao, H., Yamamoto, K., Matsuda, S., Akiyama, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Periosteal+cells+are+a+major+source+of+soft+callus+in+bone+fracture.">Periosteal cells are a major source of soft callus in bone fracture.</a> Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. 31 (4), 390-398 (2013).</li><li>Colnot, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skeletal+cell+fate+decisions+within+periosteum+and+bone+marrow+during+bone+regeneration.">Skeletal cell fate decisions within periosteum and bone marrow during bone regeneration.</a> Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 24 (2), 274-282 (2009).</li><li>Roberts, S. J., van Gastel, N., Carmeliet, G., Luyten, F. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Uncovering+the+periosteum+for+skeletal+regeneration:+the+stem+cell+that+lies+beneath.">Uncovering the periosteum for skeletal regeneration: the stem cell that lies beneath.</a> Bone. 70, 10-18 (2015).</li><li>Duchamp de Lageneste, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Periosteum+contains+skeletal+stem+cells+with+high+bone+regenerative+potential+controlled+by+Periostin.">Periosteum contains skeletal stem cells with high bone regenerative potential controlled by Periostin.</a> Nature Communications. 9 (1), 773 (2018).</li><li>Olivos-Meza, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pretreatment+of+periosteum+with+TGF-beta1+in+situ+enhances+the+quality+of+osteochondral+tissue+regenerated+from+transplanted+periosteal+grafts+in+adult+rabbits.">Pretreatment of periosteum with TGF-beta1 in situ enhances the quality of osteochondral tissue regenerated from transplanted periosteal grafts in adult rabbits.</a> Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 18 (9), 1183-1191 (2010).</li><li>Debnath, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Discovery+of+a+periosteal+stem+cell+mediating+intramembranous+bone+formation.">Discovery of a periosteal stem cell mediating intramembranous bone formation.</a> Nature. 562 (7725), 133-139 (2018).</li><li>Ransom, R. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Axin2-expressing+cells+execute+regeneration+after+skeletal+injury.">Axin2-expressing cells execute regeneration after skeletal injury.</a> Scientific Reports. 6, 36524 (2016).</li><li>Ouyang, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prx1+and+3.2kb+Col1a1+promoters+target+distinct+bone+cell+populations+in+transgenic+mice.">Prx1 and 3.2kb Col1a1 promoters target distinct bone cell populations in transgenic mice.</a> Bone. 58, 136-145 (2013).</li><li>Wilk, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postnatal+Calvarial+Skeletal+Stem+Cells+Expressing+PRX1+Reside+Exclusively+in+the+Calvarial+Sutures+and+Are+Required+for+Bone+Regeneration.">Postnatal Calvarial Skeletal Stem Cells Expressing PRX1 Reside Exclusively in the Calvarial Sutures and Are Required for Bone Regeneration.</a> Stem Cell Reports. 8 (4), 933-946 (2017).</li><li>Ortinau, L. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+Functionally+Distinct+Mx1+alphaSMA++Periosteal+Skeletal+Stem+Cells.">Identification of Functionally Distinct Mx1+alphaSMA+ Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 25 (6), 784-796 (2019).</li><li>Deveza, L., Ortinau, L., Lei, K., Park, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+analysis+of+gene+expression+identifies+distinct+molecular+signatures+of+bone+marrow-+and+periosteal-skeletal+stem/progenitor+cells.">Comparative analysis of gene expression identifies distinct molecular signatures of bone marrow- and periosteal-skeletal stem/progenitor cells.</a> PLoS One. 13 (1), 0190909 (2018).</li><li>Schindeler, A., McDonald, M. M., Bokko, P., Little, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+remodeling+during+fracture+repair:+The+cellular+picture.">Bone remodeling during fracture repair: The cellular picture.</a> Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology. 19 (5), 459-466 (2008).</li><li>Shi, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gli1+identifies+osteogenic+progenitors+for+bone+formation+and+fracture+repair.">Gli1 identifies osteogenic progenitors for bone formation and fracture repair.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 15 (2), 782-796 (2017).</li><li>Zhou, B. O., Yue, R., Murphy, M. M., Peyer, J. G., Morrison, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Leptin-receptor-expressing+mesenchymal+stromal+cells+represent+the+main+source+of+bone+formed+by+adult+bone+marrow.">Leptin-receptor-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells represent the main source of bone formed by adult bone marrow.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 15 (2), 154-168 (2014).</li><li>Grcevic, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+fate+mapping+identifies+mesenchymal+progenitor+cells.">In vivo fate mapping identifies mesenchymal progenitor cells.</a> Stem Cells. 30 (2), 187-196 (2012).</li><li>Kuhn, R., Schwenk, F., Aguet, M., Rajewsky, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inducible+gene+targeting+in+mice.">Inducible gene targeting in mice.</a> Science. 269 (5229), 1427-1429 (1995).</li><li>Srinivas, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cre+reporter+strains+produced+by+targeted+insertion+of+EYFP+and+ECFP+into+the+ROSA26+locus.">Cre reporter strains produced by targeted insertion of EYFP and ECFP into the ROSA26 locus.</a> BMC Developmental Biology. 1, 4 (2001).</li><li>Park, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endogenous+bone+marrow+MSCs+are+dynamic,+fate-restricted+participants+in+bone+maintenance+and+regeneration.">Endogenous bone marrow MSCs are dynamic, fate-restricted participants in bone maintenance and regeneration.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 10 (3), 259-272 (2012).</li><li>Nitzsche, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concise+Review:+MSC+Adhesion+Cascade-Insights+into+Homing+and+Transendothelial+Migration.">Concise Review: MSC Adhesion Cascade-Insights into Homing and Transendothelial Migration.</a> Stem Cells. 35 (6), 1446-1460 (2017).</li><li>Adler, J., Pagakis, S. 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Under knoglehealing er periosteale celler den vigtigste kilde til nyligt differentierede chondrocytter og osteoblaster i en skadesopkald3. Svarende til knoglemarv, osteogen / chondrogenic SSCs er også blevet identificeret i periosteum4,5,6. Vurdering af endogene P-SSC funktionelle egenskaber er teknisk udfordrende. Ofte vurderes migrationsdynamikken i SSC'er in vitro, hvilket gør fortolkningen af deres ...

Frakturreparation er en dynamisk, flercellet proces, der adskiller sig fra embryonal skeletudvikling og ombygning. Under denne proces efterfølges induktion af skadessignaler fra beskadiget væv af hurtig rekruttering, spredning og efterfølgende differentiering af skeletstam/stamfaderceller, som alle er afgørende for den samlede stabilitet og fiksering af brud1. Især kræver tidlige stadier af frakturheling blød hårdhændet dannelse, som hovedsagelig tilskrives periosteal residente celler2. Når knogler er skadet, en delmængde af periosteal celler hurtigt reagere og bidrage til nyligt differentierede brusk mellemprodukter og osteoblaster i callus3, hvilket implicerer tilstedeværelsen af en særskilt skelet stilk / stamfader celle befolkning inden for periosteum. Derfor udgør identifikation og funktionel karakterisering af de periosteum-residente skeletstamceller (SSC'er) en lovende terapeutisk tilgang til degenerative knoglesygdomme og knogledefekter4.
SSC'er menes at opholde sig i flere væv steder, herunder knoglemarven. Svarende til knoglemarv, osteogen / chondrogenic SSCs er også blevet identificeret i periosteum4,5,6.  Disse periosteale SSC'er (P-SSC'er) kan mærkes med tidlige mesenkymale afstamningsmarkører (dvs. Prx1-Cre5, Ctsk-Cre7 og Axin2-CreER8) under fostrets knogleudvikling4,7,8,9,10. En betydelig begrænsning af disse enkelt genetiske afstamning sporing modeller er, at der er betydelig heterogenitet inden for mærkede cellepopulationer. Desuden kan de ikke skelne mærkede SSC'er fra deres afkom in vivo. For at løse denne begrænsning har vi for nylig udviklet en dobbelt reportermus (Mx1-Cre+Rosa26-Tomato+α SMA-GFP+) for tydeligt at visualisere pc'er fra knoglemarvsSCs (BM-SSCs)11. Med denne model er det blevet fastslået, at P-SSC'er er præget af Mx1 +αSMA+ dual mærkning, mens mere differentierede Mx1+ celler bor i knoglemarven, endosteal og periosteal overflader, og kortikale og trabekulære knogler11,12.
Flere cytokiner og vækstfaktorer er kendt for at regulere knogle remodeling og reparation og er blevet testet for forbedring af skelet reparation i kritiske segment defekter1,13. Men på grund af den cellulære kompleksitet af skade modeller genereret gennem afbrydelse af knoglerummet fysiske barriere, de direkte virkninger af disse molekyler på endogene P-SSC migration og aktivering under heling er uklare. De funktionelle egenskaber og migrationsdynamikken i SSC'er vurderes ofte in vitro ved at udføre en transwell- eller ridseanalyse i kombination med cytokiner eller vækstfaktorer, der vides at fremkalde migration i andre cellepopulationer. Fortolkningen af resultaterne fra disse in vitro-forsøg til anvendelse i deres tilsvarende in vivo-systemer er således en udfordring. I øjeblikket observeres in vivo-vurdering af skelettængle/stamcellemigration typisk ikke i realtid; den måles derimod på faste tidspunkt efter frakturen5,7,14,15,16.
En begrænsning af denne metode er, at migration ikke vurderes på et enkeltcellet niveau. den måles snarere ved hjælp af ændringer i cellepopulationer. På grund af de seneste fremskridt inden for intravital mikroskopi af levende dyr og generering af yderligere reportermus er in vivo-sporing af individuelle celler nu mulig. Ved hjælp af intravital mikroskopi af levende dyr observerede vi den tydelige migration af P-SSC'er fra calvaria sutur niche til en knogleskade inden for 24-48 h efter skade i Mx1/Tomato/αSMA-GFP mus.
CCL5/CCR5 blev for nylig identificeret som en reguleringsmekanisme, der påvirker rekrutterings- og aktiverings-PSC'erne under den tidlige skadesrespons. Interessant nok var der ingen påvisning af betydelig P-SSC migration som reaktion på en skade i realtid. Behandlingen af en skade med CCL5 giver imidlertid en robust, retningssmæssigt tydelig migration af P-SSCs, som kan fanges i realtid. Formålet med denne protokol er derfor at tilvejebringe en detaljeret metode til registrering af in vivomigration af P-SSC'er i realtid efter behandling med CCL5.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">&#189;&#8221; optical post</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">ThorLabs</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">TR2</td>
			<td style="width:247px;">For imaging mount</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">1 mL syringe</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">BD</td>
			<td>309659</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">27G needle</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">BD PercisionGlide</td>
			<td>305111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">29G insulin syringe</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">McKesson</td>
			<td>102-SN05C905P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">50 mL conicol tube</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Falcon</td>
			<td>352098</td>
			<td>For mouse restraint</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">Adjustable angle plate</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Renishaw</td>
			<td>R-PCA-5023-50-20</td>
			<td>For imaging mount</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">Alcohol wipes</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Coviden</td>
			<td>6818</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">betadine surgical scrub</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Henry Schen</td>
			<td>67618-151-16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">Buprenorphine SR-LAB</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">ZooPharm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1mg/mL Sustained Release</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:164px;">Combo III</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Obtained from staff veterinarian</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td style="width:247px;">37.6 mg/mL Ketamine; 1.9 mg/mL Xylazine; 0.37 mg/mL Acepronazine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">Coverslip</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>12-545-87</td>
			<td>24 x 40 premium superslip</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">Fine tip forcepts</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">FST</td>
			<td>11254-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">Ketamine</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">KetaVed</td>
			<td>50989-161-06</td>
			<td style="width:247px;">100 mg/mL</td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:164px;">Leica TCS SP8MP with DM6000CFS</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Leica Microsystems</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">Matrigel</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">R &#38; D Systems</td>
			<td>344500101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:164px;">Medical tape</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">McKesson</td>
			<td>100199</td>
			<td>3&#34; x 10 yds (7.6 cm x 9.1 m)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:164px;">Methocellulose</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>19560</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:164px;">Microdissection scissors</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">FST</td>
			<td>1456-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">Motorized stage</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Anaheim automation</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">Needle holder</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">FST</td>
			<td>12500-12</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:164px;">Nonabsorbable sutures</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">McKesson</td>
			<td>S913BX</td>
			<td style="width:247px;">monofilament nylon 5-0 nonabsorbable sutures with attached C-1 reverse cutting needle</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">Opthalmic ointment</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Rugby</td>
			<td>0536-1086-91</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">RANTES</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td>594202</td>
			<td>10 &#181;g/50 &#181;L</td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:164px;">Right-angle clamp for &#189;&#8221; post, 3/16&#8221; Hex</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">ThorLabs</td>
			<td>RA90</td>
			<td>For imaging mount</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:164px;">Spring-loaded 3/16&#8221; Hex-locking &#188;&#8221; thumbscrew</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">ThorLabs</td>
			<td>TS25H</td>
			<td>For imaging mount</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">Sterile cotton swabs</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Henry Schen</td>
			<td>100-9249</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">Sterile DPBS (1x)</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Corning</td>
			<td>21-030-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="71">
			<td height="71" style="height:71px;width:164px;">Sterile drapes</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">McKessen</td>
			<td>25-517</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:164px;">Surgical gloves</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">McKessen</td>
			<td>3158VA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:164px;">Triple antibiotic ointment</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Taro Pharmaceuticals U.s.a., Inc.</td>
			<td>51672-2120-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:164px;">Vacutainer blood collection set</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">REF 367298</td>
			<td style="width:247px;">25G butterfly needle infusion set with 12&#34; tubing</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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real-time imaging of ccl5-induced migration of periosteal skeletal stem cells in mice

Periosteal skelet stamceller (P-SSCs) er afgørende for livslang knogle vedligeholdelse og reparation, hvilket gør dem til et ideelt fokus for udviklingen af behandlinger for at forbedre fraktur healing.  Periosteal celler hurtigt migrere til en skade for at levere nye chondrocytter og osteoblaster for fraktur healing. Traditionelt, effekten af en cytokin til at fremkalde celle migration er kun blevet gennemført in vitro ved at udføre en transwell eller scratch assay. Med fremskridt inden for intravital mikroskopi ved hjælp af multiphoton excitation, blev det for nylig opdaget, at 1) P-SSCs udtrykke migrationsgen CCR5 og 2) behandling med CCR5 ligand kendt som CCL5 forbedrer fraktur healing og migration af P-SSCs som reaktion på CCL5. Disse resultater er blevet fanget i realtid. Beskrevet her er en protokol til at visualisere P-SSC migration fra calvarial sutur skelettulcelle (SSC) niche mod en skade efter behandling med CCL5. Protokollen beskriver opførelsen af en musefastholdelses- og billedfastholdelsesbeslag, kirurgisk forberedelse af musen calvaria, induktion af en calvaria defekt og erhvervelse af time-lapse imaging.

Skelet stamfaderer er blevet foreslået at have migration eller kredsløb potentiale20. For nylig blev Mx1-Cre+Rosa26-Tomato+α SMA-GFP+ (Mx1/Tomato/αSMA-GFP) reportermus genereret, hvor P-SSC'er er markeret med Mx1+α SMA+ dual labeling (Figur 2A, B). Betydelig migration af Mx1+α SMA+ P-SSCs s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice at JoVE.com

Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice

Denne protokol beskriver påvisning af CCL5-medieret periosteal skelet stamcelle migration i realtid ved hjælp af levende dyr intravital mikroskopi.

Realtidsbilleddannelse af CCL5-induceret migration af periosteal skeletstamceller i mus

Periosteal skeletal stem cells (P-SSCs) are essential for lifelong bone maintenance and repair, making them an ideal focus for the development of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Isolation and Quantitative Immunocytochemical Characterization of Primary Myogenic Cells and Fibroblasts from Human Skeletal Muscle

Isolering og kvantitativ Immuncytokemisk karakterisering af primære myogene celler og fibroblaster fra human skeletmuskel

The repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle requires the action of satellite cells, which are the resident muscle stem cells. These can be isolated ...

Horizontal Whole Mount: A Novel Processing and Imaging Protocol for Thick, Three-dimensional Tissue Cross-sections of Skin

Horisontal Hel Mount: En Novel Processing and Imaging Protocol for Tykke, Tredimensionale Tissue Tværsnit af Skin

Processing a tissue of interest to generate a microscopic image that supports a scientific argument can be challenging. The acquisition of high-quality ...

Evaluation of Injury-induced Senescence and In Vivo Reprogramming in the Skeletal Muscle

Evaluation of Injury-induced Senescence and In Vivo Reprogramming in the Skeletal Muscle

Evaluering af skade-induceret gulne og In Vivo omprogrammering i den skeletmuskulatur

Cellular senescence is a stress response that is characterized by a stable cellular growth arrest, which is important for many physiological and ...

Multi-Photon Time Lapse Imaging to Visualize Development in Real-time: Visualization of Migrating Neural Crest Cells in Zebrafish Embryos

Multi Photon tid bortfalder Imaging til at visualisere udvikling i realtid: visualisering af overflytning neurale Crest celler i zebrafisk embryoner

Congenital eye and craniofacial anomalies reflect disruptions in the neural crest, a transient population of migratory stem cells that give rise to ...

Single-cell Photoconversion in Living Intact Zebrafish

Encellede Photoconversion i levende intakt zebrafisk

Animal and plant tissue is composed of distinct populations of cells. These cells interact over time to build and maintain the tissue and can cause ...

Identification of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Immunofluorescence with Pax7 and Laminin Antibodies

Identifikation af skeletmuskulatur satellit celler ved immunfluorescens med Pax7 og Laminin antistoffer

Immunofluorescence is an effective method that helps to identify different cell types on tissue sections. In order to study the desired cell population, ...

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

Beregningsmæssige analyse af Caenorhabditis elegans kønscelleoverførsel at studere Distribution kerner, proteiner og cytoskelettet

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and ...

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

I Vitro Generation af Somite derivater fra menneskelige induceret celler pluripotente stamceller

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give ...

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) Damage

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C UV-C Damage

Vurdering af oxidative skader i den primære mus okulære overfladeceller / stamceller som reaktion på Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) Skader

The ocular surface is subjected to regular wear and tear due to various environmental factors. Exposure to UV-C radiation constitutes an occupational ...

Performing Human Skeletal Muscle Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice

Udførelse af humane skeletmuskulatur Xenografts i immundefekt mus

Treatment effects observed in animal studies often fail to be recapitulated in clinical trials. While this problem is multifaceted, one reason for this ...