Name: rapid and cost-effective rna extraction of rat pancreatic tissue
Uploaded: 2020-09-19T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rapid and Cost-Effective RNA Extraction of Rat Pancreatic Tissue at JoVE.com

본 연구는 시라즈 의과 대학에 의해 재정적으로 지원되었다 (그랜트 번호 93-01-01-7178\03-07-2014). 조모로디안 씨와 로스타미(Rostami) 의학 과학 분야의 e-러닝 학과, 가상 학교 및 e-러닝 우수 센터, 시라즈 의료 과학 대학이 비디오를 편집해 주셔서 감사합니다.

이 연구에 대한 윤리적 승인은 시라즈 의과 대학에서 얻어졌다 (승인 번호: 93-01-01-7178\03-07-2014).
참고: 250g의 수컷 스프라그-Dawley 쥐를 사용하십시오. -80°C의 액체 질소 탱크에서 RNA 안정화 시약에 침지된 췌장 조직의 조각을 함유한 유리병을 배치하고 RNA 추출 시약 용액을 사용하여 RNA의 무결성을 유지한다.
1. 쥐 췌장 조직의 제거
<ol><li>수?...

<ol>
	<li>McCarthy, B., Hoyer, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identity+of+DNA+and+diversity+of+messenger+RNA+molecules+in+normal+mouse+tissues.">Identity of DNA and diversity of messenger RNA molecules in normal mouse tissues.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 52 (4), 915-922 (1964).</li><li>Tan, S. C., Yiap, B. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DNA,+RNA,+and+protein+extraction:+the+past+and+the+present.">DNA, RNA, and protein extraction: the past and the present.</a> BioMed Research International. 2009, (2009).</li><li>Peirson, S. N., Butler, J. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA+extraction+from+mammalian+tissues.">RNA extraction from mammalian tissues.</a> Circadian Rhythms: Methods and Protocols. , 315-327 (2007).</li><li>Skidmore, A. F., Beebee, T. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+and+use+of+the+potent+ribonuclease+inhibitor+aurintricarboxylic+acid+for+the+isolation+of+RNA+from+animal+tissues.">Characterization and use of the potent ribonuclease inhibitor aurintricarboxylic acid for the isolation of RNA from animal tissues.</a> Biochemical Journal. 263 (1), 73-80 (1989).</li><li>Mukhopadhyay, T., Roth, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+total+RNA+from+tissues+or+cell+lines:+visualization+in+gel.">Isolation of total RNA from tissues or cell lines: visualization in gel.</a> RNA Isolation and Characterization Protocols. , 55-59 (1998).</li><li>Raeymaekers, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+PCR:+theoretical+considerations+with+practical+implications.">Quantitative PCR: theoretical considerations with practical implications.</a> Analytical Biochemistry. 214 (2), 582-585 (1993).</li><li>Sparmann, G., J&#228;schke, A., Loehr, M., Liebe, S., Emmrich, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+homogenization+as+a+key+step+in+extracting+RNA+from+human+and+rat+pancreatic+tissue.">Tissue homogenization as a key step in extracting RNA from human and rat pancreatic tissue.</a> Biotechniques. 22 (3), 408 (1997).</li><li>Kiba, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-quality+RNA+extraction+from+rat+pancreas+for+microarray+analysis.">High-quality RNA extraction from rat pancreas for microarray analysis.</a> Pancreas. 35 (1), 98-100 (2007).</li><li>Gill, S. S., Aubin, R. A., Bura, C. A., Curran, I. H., Matula, T. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ensuring+recovery+of+intact+RNA+from+rat+pancreas.">Ensuring recovery of intact RNA from rat pancreas.</a> Molecular Biotechnology. 6 (3), 359-362 (1996).</li><li>Hernandez, G. E., Mondala, T. S., Head, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+a+novel+room+temperature+RNA+storage+medium+for+compatibility+in+microarray+gene+expression+analysis.">Assessing a novel room temperature RNA storage medium for compatibility in microarray gene expression analysis.</a> Biotechniques. 47 (2), 667 (2009).</li><li>Mullin, A. E., Soukatcheva, G., Verchere, C. B., Chantler, J. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+in+situ+ductal+perfusion+to+facilitate+isolation+of+high-quality+RNA+from+mouse+pancreas.">Application of in situ ductal perfusion to facilitate isolation of high-quality RNA from mouse pancreas.</a> Biotechniques. 40 (5), 617 (2006).</li><li>Li, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+method+using+TRIzol+reagent+and+liquid+nitrogen+produces+high-quality+RNA+from+rat+pancreas.">A modified method using TRIzol reagent and liquid nitrogen produces high-quality RNA from rat pancreas.</a> Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 158 (2), 253-261 (2009).</li><li>Griffin, M., Abu-El-Haija, M., Abu-El-Haija, M., Rokhlina, T., Uc, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simplified+and+versatile+method+for+obtaining+high+quality+rna+from+pancreas.">A simplified and versatile method for obtaining high quality rna from pancreas.</a> Biotechniques. 52 (5), 332 (2012).</li><li>Jun, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Method+optimization+for+extracting+high-quality+RNA+from+the+human+pancreas+tissue.">Method optimization for extracting high-quality RNA from the human pancreas tissue.</a> Translation Oncology. 11 (3), 800-807 (2018).</li><li>Green, M. R., Sambrook, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=How+to+win+the+battle+with+RNase.">How to win the battle with RNase.</a> Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. (2), 101857 (2019).</li><li>Li, D. -. S., Yuan, Y. -. H., Tu, H. -. J., Dai, L. -. j. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+protocol+for+islet+isolation+from+mouse+pancreas.">A protocol for islet isolation from mouse pancreas.</a> Nature Protocols. 4 (11), 1649 (2009).</li><li>Armstrong, J. A., Schulz, J. R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Agarose+gel+electrophoresis.">Agarose gel electrophoresis.</a> Current Protocol: Essential Laboratory Techniques. (1), 1-20 (2008).</li><li>Aranda, P. S., LaJoie, D. M., Jorcyk, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bleach+gel:+a+simple+agarose+gel+for+analyzing+RNA+quality.">Bleach gel: a simple agarose gel for analyzing RNA quality.</a> Electrophoresis. 33 (2), 366-369 (2012).</li><li>Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., Maniatis, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+cloning:+a+laboratory+manual.">Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual.</a> Cold spring harbor laboratory press. , (1989).</li><li>Potenza, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hybridase+activity+of+human+ribonuclease-1+revealed+by+a+real-time+fluorometric+assay.">Hybridase activity of human ribonuclease-1 revealed by a real-time fluorometric assay.</a> Nucleic Acids Research. 34 (10), 2906-2913 (2006).</li><li>Jackson, D., Lewis, F., Taylor, G., Boylston, A., Quirke, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+extraction+of+DNA+and+RNA+and+analysis+by+the+polymerase+chain+reaction.">Tissue extraction of DNA and RNA and analysis by the polymerase chain reaction.</a> Journal of Clinical Pathology. 43 (6), 499-504 (1990).</li><li>Quesada, I., Tudur&#237;, E., Ripoll, C., Nadal, &. #. 1. 9. 3. ;. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physiology+of+the+pancreatic+&#945;-cell+and+glucagon+secretion:+role+in+glucose+homeostasis+and+diabetes.">Physiology of the pancreatic &#945;-cell and glucagon secretion: role in glucose homeostasis and diabetes.</a> Journal of Endocrinology. 199 (1), 5-19 (2008).</li><li>Quertinmont, E., Nicaise, C., Gustot, T., Deviere, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+Homogenization+with+the+MagNA+Lyser+Instrument+for+Total+RNA+Extraction+Using+the+TriPure+Reagent.">Tissue Homogenization with the MagNA Lyser Instrument for Total RNA Extraction Using the TriPure Reagent.</a> Liver (mg). 100 (100), 100 (2004).</li><li>Dastgheib, S., Irajie, C., Assaei, R., Koohpeima, F., Mokarram, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+RNA+extraction+from+rat+pancreatic+tissue.">Optimization of RNA extraction from rat pancreatic tissue.</a> Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences. 39 (3), 282 (2014).</li></ol>

분자 생물학에서는 고품질 RNA를 얻는 것이 중요합니다. 세포와 조직에 있는 ribonuclease 효소의 존재는 RNA를 빨리 저하시키고 추출 복합체를 만듭니다. RNases는 어떤 공동 요인 없이 작동 하는 안정적인 효소. 소량의 RNase는 RNA를 파괴하기에 충분합니다. 쥐 췌장 조직이 복강에서 제거되면 강한 세제에 의해 수술 기구를 소독하고 철저히 헹구고 수술 전에 RNases를 비활성화하기 위해 240 °C에서 적어도 4...

구조적 유전자 데이터는 유전자 발현을 통해 기능성 제품에 전사될 수 있다. RNA 분석은 다른 조건에 걸쳐 유전자 발현의 다름을 발견하기 위하여 이용됩니다. 다음과 같이 핵산을 추출하는 방법에는 여러 가지가 있습니다: guanidinium thiocyanate, 페놀 클로로폼을 통한 추출, 셀룰로오스 계 크로마토그래피, 실리카 행렬에 의한 추출, 및 애니온 교환1,,2.
유전자 발현의 적절한 검출은 조직으로부터 분리된 RNA의 무결성에 의해 좌우됩니다. 따라서, 저품질 RNA에 대한 보완적인 분자 검사가 진단 적용 결과를 위태롭게 할 수 있기 때문에 추가 검사가 수행되기 전에 조직으로부터 분리된 RNA의 무결성을 평가하는 것이 중요합니다. 따라서, 정량적 RT-PCR, 마이크로 어레이, 리보너클로스 보호 분석, 북부 블롯 분석, RNA 매핑 및 cDNA 라이브러리 건설3,,4: 따라서, 고무결성 RNA는 다른 진단 응용 프로그램을 가진 분자 생물학적 시험에 필요하다.
RNA는 오랜 시간 동안 보관된 후에 오히려 불안정해집니다. 10kb 이상의 긴 mRNA 단편은 특히 분해5,,6에취약하다. 따라서, 연구원은 정제 된 RNA의 무결성에 영향을 미치는 다양 한 요인을 고려해 야 한다. RNA의 순도는 RNases, 단백질, 게놈 DNA 및 효소 억제제 오염에 대하여 보호되어야 합니다. 또한, RNA와 UV(260/280)의 가장 우수하고 허용 가능한 흡수비는 전기전도에 비해 최소 단편화로 1.8-2.0 범위 내에 있어야 한다. 최근 개발된 실험실 기술을 통해 과학자들은 분자 분석 샘플의 무결성을 보다 실질적으로7,,8로평가할 수 있게 되었다.
많은 양의 ribonucleases (RNases)로 인해 다른 유형의 조직보다 췌장 조직에서 손상되지 않은 RNA를 추출하는 것이 훨씬 더 어렵습니다. 그러나, 기존의 추출 방법, 즉 RNases를 방해하기 위해 저온에서 복강 및 균질화로부터 췌장 조직의 신속한 배출은 효과가 없는 것으로 입증되었으며,7,,8,9,9,10,,11,,12,,13,,14.
본 비교 실험 연구의 목적은 기존 방법을 수정하고 비교하여 가장 효율적인 방법을 결정하는 것이다. 이를 위해, RNA 추출의 다양한 프로토콜이 수정되고 비교되었다. 그것은 특히 췌장 조직의 최소 금액을 필요로 하는 가장 저렴한 방법을 결정 하기 위한.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>116801</td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Atoclave</td>
			<td>Teb Zaim</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Iran</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloroform</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>107024</td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC)-treated water</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDTA</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>60-00-4</td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrophoresis tank</td>
			<td>Payapajoohesh</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Iran</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eppendorf microTube</td>
			<td>Extragene</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Taiwan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EtBr</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>E 8751</td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>81870</td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon Tube</td>
			<td>Extragene</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Taiwan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formaldehyde</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>344198</td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formamide</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>344206</td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Homogenizer-sunicator</td>
			<td>Microson XL 2000</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>USA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropanol</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>19516</td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine hydrochloride</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>1867-66-9</td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminar Flow Hood</td>
			<td>Jal Tajhiz</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Iran</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mgnetic stirrer</td>
			<td>Labrotechnik</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>USA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microcentrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micropipette Tips</td>
			<td>Extragene</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Taiwan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MOPS</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>85022106</td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Na AC</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>567422</td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaOH</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>109137</td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oven</td>
			<td>Teb Zaim</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Iran</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PH meter</td>
			<td>Knick</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNA Later/RNA stabilization reagent</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>76104</td>
			<td>USA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical instrument</td>
			<td>Agn Thos</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>German made</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringes</td>
			<td>AvaPezeshk</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Iran</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TriPure reagent/RNA extraction reagent</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>11667157001</td>
			<td>USA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vortex</td>
			<td>Labinco</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Netherland</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water bath</td>
			<td>Memmert</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>zylazine</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>7361-61-7</td>
			<td>Germany</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

rapid and cost-effective rna extraction of rat pancreatic tissue

추출 방법에 관계없이 조직 및 세포주의 최적화된 RNA 추출은 RNA로부터 의 단백질의 1) 균질화, 2) 효과적인 단백질 성축, 3) 리보넥리스 비활성화, 4) DNA, 단백질 및 탄수화물로부터의 오염 제거의 4단계로 수행된다. 그러나, 조직에 RNase의 높은 수준이 있을 때 RNA의 무결성을 유지하는 것은 매우 힘들다. 자발적인 자가 분해는 그것을 손상시키지 않고 췌장 조직에서 RNA를 추출하는 것을 아주 어렵게 만듭니다. 따라서, 추출 과정에서 췌장 조직의 무결성을 유지하기 위해서는 실용적인 RNA 추출 방법이 필요하다. 기존 프로토콜의 실험 및 비교 연구는 2분 이내에 쥐 췌장 조직의 20-30 mg을 획득하고 RNA를 추출함으로써 수행되었다. 결과는 전기 전도에 의해 평가되었습니다. 실험은 결과의 일반화를 위해 세 번 수행되었다. RNA 안정화 시약에서 췌장 조직을 24시간 동안 -80°C로 침우시키는 것은 RNA 추출 시약으로 사용되었을 때 고결성 RNA를 산출하였다. 얻은 결과는 스핀 컬럼 바인딩이 있는 상용 키트에서 얻은 결과와 비교할 수 있었습니다.

RNA 안정화 시약없이 일상 적이고 수정 된 수술 프로토콜에 따라 RNA 추출 시약에서 RNA의 무결성 평가 일상적인 외과 프로토콜에서 RNA 추출 시약으로 RNA를 추출한 후 허용되지 않는 대역이 관찰되었다. 레인 1은 간에서 RNA를 대조군으로 나타낸다. 레인 2는 일상적인 수술 프로토콜로부터 얻은 총 RNA에서 28S/18S rRNA 대역의 저하된 상태를 나타낸다. 췌장 조직의 양이 50 mg (차선 3) 또는 20-...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rapid and Cost-Effective RNA Extraction of Rat Pancreatic Tissue at JoVE.com

Rapid and Cost-Effective RNA Extraction of Rat Pancreatic Tissue

격리된 RNA의 순도와 무결성은 RNA 의존적 인 에세이에서 중요한 단계입니다. 여기서, 우리는 손상되지 않은 췌장 조직의 소량에서 RNA를 추출하는 실용적이고 빠르며 저렴한 방법을 제시합니다.

쥐 췌장 조직의 신속하고 비용 효율적인 RNA 추출

Regardless of the extraction method, optimized RNA extraction of tissues and cell lines are carried out in four stages: 1) homogenization, 2) effective ...

안녕 모두. 우리는 췌장 조직에서 효율적인 RNA 추출을 위한 직급 설명 방법을 간단하고 신속하게 설계했습니다. 이 방법의 주요 장점은 자동 분해로 인한 조직의 최소 량에서 RNA를 추출하는 최적화 된 절차입니다. 다시 안녕하세요. 절차의 시연은 사나즈 Dastghaib에 의해 수행됩니다, 그건 의학의 시라즈 대학의 생화학 학과에서 우리의 실험실에서 내 박사 과정 학생입니다.먼저 수술 장소를 준비, 후드 아래에 모든 요구 사항을 넣어. RNase를 비활성화하려면 오븐의 모든 수술 기구를 살균합니다. 케타민 자일라진을 킬로그램당 80/8 밀리그램으로 주입하십시오. 1 cc.RNA 안정화 시약을 적절한 마이크로튜브에 추가하여 존재된 조직에서 엔도누클레스의 활성화에 거주하십시오. 즉시 수술 보드에 쥐를 배치합니다. 중간 절개를 위해 외과 의사를 멀리 머리. 그런 다음, 쥐 머리를 제거하기 위해 70 %의 알코올로 모든 복부 표면을 살균. 수술을 위해 피부를 잘라. 모양을 바꾸는 절개는 음모 부위에서 앞 다리까지 복부를 열기 위해 수행되었습니다. 복부 장기를 왼쪽으로 뒤집어 췌장을 노출시합니다. 조심스럽게 복강에 퍼지는 췌장 조직을 찾습니다. 지방 조직과 혼동하지 않고 췌장을 알아 내기 위해 디스플레이 아래 영역을 찾습니다. 즉시 2 분 이내에 복강에서 20 ~ 30 밀리그램 췌장을 제거합니다. 제거된 조직을 마이크로 튜브에 매우 빠르게 넣고 분리된 조직에 RNA 안정화 시약을 침투하기 위해 아스트레스트 커터로 잘라냅니다. 마이크로튜브를 질소 탱크에 넣어 즉시 동결합니다. 그들의 모든 마이크로 튜브는 80에 보관해야합니다

rapid-and-cost-effective-rna-extraction-of-rat-pancreatic-tissue

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Optimized Protocol for the Extraction of Proteins from the Human Mitral Valve

Analysis of the cellular proteome can help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying diseases due to the development of technologies that permit the large-scale identification and quantification of the proteins present in complex biological systems.The knowledge gained from a proteomic approach can potentially lead to a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying diseases, allowing for the identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic disease markers, and, hopefully, of therapeutic targets. However, the cardiac mitral valve represents a very challenging sample for proteomic analysis because of the low cellularity in proteoglycan and collagen-enriched extracellular matrix. This makes it challenging to extract proteins for a global proteomic analysis. This work describes a protocol that is compatible with subsequent protein analysis, such as quantitative proteomics and immunoblotting. This can allow for the correlation of data concerning protein expression with data on quantitative mRNA expression and non-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis. Indeed, these approaches, when performed together, will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying diseases, from mRNA to post-translational protein modification. Thus, this method can be relevant to researchers interested in the study of cardiac valve physiopathology.

The protein composition of the human mitral valve is still partially unknown, because its analysis is complicated by low cellularity and therefore by low protein biosynthesis. This work provides a protocol to efficiently extract protein for the analysis of the mitral valve proteome.

인간 승모판에서 단백질 추출을위한 최적화 된 프로토콜

Analysis of the cellular proteome can help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying diseases due to the development of technologies that permit ...

연구

생화학

Mouse Adipose Tissue Collection and Processing for RNA Analysis

Compared to other tissues, white adipose tissue has a considerably less RNA and protein content for downstream applications such as real-time PCR and Western Blot, since it mostly contains lipids. RNA isolation from adipose tissue samples is also challenging as extra steps are required to avoid these lipids. Here, we present a procedure to collect three anatomically different white adipose tissues from mice, to process these samples and perform RNA isolation. We further describe the synthesis of cDNA and gene expression experiments using real-time PCR. The hereby described protocol allows the reduction of contamination from the animal's hair and blood on fat pads as well as cross-contamination between different fat pads during tissue collection. It has also been optimized to ensure adequate quantity and quality of the RNA extracted. This protocol can be widely applied to any mouse model where adipose tissue samples are required for routine experiments such as real-time PCR but is not intended for isolation from primary adipocytes cell culture.

The purpose of this paper is to present a step-by-step procedure to collect different white adipose tissues from mice, process the fat samples and extract RNA.

마우스 지방 조직 수집 및 RNA 분석에 대 한 처리

Compared to other tissues, white adipose tissue has a considerably less RNA and protein content for downstream applications such as real-time PCR and ...

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Translation initiation is the rate-limiting step of protein synthesis and represents a key point at which cells regulate their protein output. Regulation of protein synthesis is the key to cellular stress-response, and dysregulation is central to many disease states, such as cancer. For instance, although cellular stress leads to the inhibition of global translation by attenuating cap-dependent initiation, certain stress-response proteins are selectively translated in a cap-independent manner. Discreet RNA regulatory elements, such as cellular internal ribosome entry sites (IRESes), allow for the translation of these specific mRNAs. Identification of such mRNAs, and the characterization of their regulatory mechanisms, have been a key area in molecular biology. Toeprinting is a method for the study of RNA structure and function as it pertains to translation initiation. The goal of toeprinting is to assess the ability of in vitro transcribed RNA to form stable complexes with ribosomes under a variety of conditions, in order to determine which sequences, structural elements, or accessory factors are involved in ribosome binding&#8212;a pre-cursor for efficient translation initiation. Alongside other techniques, such as western analysis and polysome profiling, toeprinting allows for a robust characterization of mechanisms for the regulation of translation initiation.

Toeprinting aims to measure the ability of in vitro transcribed RNA to form translation initiation complexes with ribosomes under a variety of conditions. This protocol describes a method for toeprinting mammalian RNA and can be used to study both cap-dependent and IRES-driven translation.

번역 개시 포유류 mRNAs에 복잡 한 대형의 Toeprinting 분석

Translation initiation is the rate-limiting step of protein synthesis and represents a key point at which cells regulate their protein output. Regulation ...

Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells

The human mitochondria possess a dedicated set of ribosomes (mitoribosomes) that translate 13 essential protein components of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Since all proteins synthesized by human mitoribosomes are integral membrane proteins, human mitoribosomes are tethered to the mitochondrial inner membrane during translation. Compared to the cytosolic ribosome the mitoribosome has a sedimentation coefficient of 55S, half the rRNA content, no 5S rRNA and 36 additional proteins. Therefore, a higher protein-to-RNA ratio and an atypical structure make the human mitoribosome substantially distinct from its cytosolic counterpart.
Despite the central importance of the mitoribosome to life, no protocols were available to purify the intact complex from human cell lines. Traditionally, mitoribosomes were isolated from mitochondria-rich animal tissues that required kilograms of starting material. We reasoned that mitochondria in dividing HEK293-derived human cells grown in nutrient-rich expression medium would have an active mitochondrial translation, and, therefore, could be a suitable source of material for the structural and biochemical studies of the mitoribosome. To investigate its structure, we developed a protocol for large-scale purification of intact mitoribosomes from HEK cells. Herein, we introduce nitrogen cavitation method as a faster, less labor-intensive and more efficient alternative to traditional mechanical shear-based methods for cell lysis. This resulted in preparations of the mitoribosome that allowed for its structural determination to high resolution, revealing the composition of the intact human mitoribosome and its assembly intermediates. Here, we follow up on this work and present an optimized and more cost-effective method requiring only ~1010 cultured HEK cells. The method can be employed to purify human mitoribosomal translating complexes, mutants, quality control assemblies and mitoribosomal subunits intermediates. The purification can be linearly scaled up tenfold if needed, and also applied to other types of cells.

Mitochondria have specialized ribosomes that diverged from their bacterial and cytoplasmic counterparts. Here we show how mitoribosomes can be obtained from their native compartment in HEK cells. The method involves isolation of mitochondria from suspension cells and consequent purification of mitoribosomes.

HEK 세포에서 Mitoribosome의 신속한 격리

The human mitochondria possess a dedicated set of ribosomes (mitoribosomes) that translate 13 essential protein components of the oxidative ...

Capture and Identification of RNA-binding Proteins by Using Click Chemistry-assisted RNA-interactome Capture (CARIC) Strategy

A comprehensive identification of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is key to understanding the posttranscriptional regulatory network in cells. A widely used strategy for RBP capture exploits the polyadenylation [poly(A)] of target RNAs, which mostly occurs on eukaryotic mature mRNAs, leaving most binding proteins of non-poly(A) RNAs unidentified. Here we describe the detailed procedures of a recently reported method termed click chemistry-assisted RNA-interactome capture (CARIC), which enables the transcriptome-wide capture of both poly(A) and non-poly(A) RBPs by combining the metabolic labeling of RNAs, in vivo UV cross-linking, and bioorthogonal tagging.

Capture and Identification of RNA-binding Proteins by Using Click Chemistry-assisted RNA-interactome Capture CARIC Strategy

A detailed protocol for applying the click chemistry-assisted RNA-interactome capture (CARIC) strategy to identify proteins binding to both coding and noncoding RNAs is presented.

캡처 클릭 화학 기반 RNA 위하여를 사용 하 여 RNA 의무적인 단백질의 포착 (CARIC) 전략

A comprehensive identification of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is key to understanding the posttranscriptional regulatory network in cells. A widely used ...

Extraction and Analysis of Taiwanese Green Propolis

Taiwanese green propolis is rich in prenylated flavonoids and exhibits a broad range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer ones. The bioactive compounds of Taiwanese green propolis are propolins, namely C, D, F, and G. The concentration of propolins in Taiwanese green propolis varies depending on the season and geographic location. Thus, it is critical to establish a standard and repeatable procedure for determining the quality of Taiwanese green propolis. Here, we present a protocol that uses ethanol-based extraction, high-performance liquid chromatography, and an antibacterial activity analysis to characterize Taiwanese green propolis quality. This method indicates that 95% and 99.5% ethanol extractions achieve the maximum dry matter yields from Taiwanese green propolis, thereby yielding the highest concentrations of propolins that have antibacterial properties. According to these findings, the present protocol is deemed reliable and repeatable for determining the quality of Taiwanese green propolis.

We present a protocol for using ethanol as a solvent to extract and characterize Taiwanese green propolis that exhibits antibacterial activity.

추출 및 대만 그린 프로 폴리스의 분석

Taiwanese green propolis is rich in prenylated flavonoids and exhibits a broad range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and ...

Studying RNA Interactors of Protein Kinase RNA-Activated during the Mammalian Cell Cycle

Protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) is a member of the innate immune response proteins and recognizes the double-stranded secondary structure of viral RNAs. When bound to viral double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), PKR undergoes dimerization and subsequent autophosphorylation. Phosphorylated PKR (pPKR) becomes active and induces phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2&#945;) to suppress global translation. Increasing evidence suggests that PKR can be activated under physiological conditions such as during the cell cycle or under various stress conditions without infection. However, our understanding of the RNA activators of PKR is limited due to the lack of a standardized experimental method to capture and analyze PKR-interacting dsRNAs. Here, we present an experimental protocol to specifically enrich and analyze PKR bound RNAs during the cell cycle using HeLa cells. We utilize the efficient crosslinking activity of formaldehyde to fix PKR-RNA complexes and isolate them via immunoprecipitation. PKR co-immunoprecipitated RNAs can then be further processed to generate a high-throughput sequencing library. One major class of PKR-interacting cellular dsRNAs is mitochondrial RNAs (mtRNAs), which can exist as intermolecular dsRNAs through complementary interaction between the heavy-strand and the light-strand RNAs. To study the strandedness of these duplex mtRNAs, we also present a protocol for strand-specific qRT-PCR. Our protocol is optimized for the analysis of PKR-bound RNAs, but it can be easily modified to study cellular dsRNAs or RNA-interactors of other dsRNA binding proteins.

We present experimental approaches for studying RNA-interactors of double-stranded RNA binding protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) during the mammalian cell cycle using HeLa cells. This method utilizes formaldehyde to crosslink RNA-PKR complexes and immunoprecipitation to enrich PKR-bound RNAs. These RNAs can be further analyzed through high-throughput sequencing or qRT-PCR.

공부 하는 단백질 키 니 아 제 RNA 포유류 세포 주기 동안 활성의 RNA 인터

Protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) is a member of the innate immune response proteins and recognizes the double-stranded secondary structure of viral ...

Extremely Rapid and Specific Metabolic Labelling of RNA In Vivo with 4-Thiouracil (Ers4tU)

The nucleotide analogue, 4-thiouracil (4tU), is readily taken up by cells and incorporated into RNA as it is transcribed in vivo, allowing isolation of the RNA produced during a brief period of labelling. This is done by attaching a biotin moiety to the incorporated thio group and affinity purifying, using streptavidin coated beads. Achieving a good yield of pure, newly synthesized RNA that is free of pre-existing RNA makes shorter labelling times possible and permits increased temporal resolution in kinetic studies. This is a protocol for very specific, high yield purification of newly synthesized RNA. The protocol presented here describes how RNA is extracted from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the protocol for purification of thiolated RNA from total RNA should be effective using RNA from any organism once it has been extracted from the cells. The purified RNA is suitable for analysis by many widely used techniques, such as reverse transcriptase-qPCR, RNA-seq and SLAM-seq. The specificity, sensitivity and flexibility of this technique allow unparalleled insights into RNA metabolism.

Extremely Rapid and Specific Metabolic Labelling of RNA In Vivo with 4-Thiouracil Ers4tU

The use of thiolated uracil to sensitively and specifically purify newly transcribed RNA from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

4-티우라실(Ers4tU)을 가진 생체내 RNA의 매우 신속하고 특정한 대사 라벨링

The nucleotide analogue, 4-thiouracil (4tU), is readily taken up by cells and incorporated into RNA as it is transcribed in vivo, allowing isolation of ...

Ganglioside Extraction, Purification and Profiling

Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids that contain one or more sialic acid residues. They are found on all vertebrate cells and tissues but are especially abundant in the brain. Expressed primarily on the outer leaflet of the plasma membranes of cells, they modulate the activities of cell surface proteins via lateral association, act as receptors in cell-cell interactions and are targets for pathogens and toxins. Genetic dysregulation of ganglioside biosynthesis in humans results in severe congenital nervous system disorders. Because of their amphipathic nature, extraction, purification, and analysis of gangliosides require techniques that have been optimized by many investigators in the 80 years since their discovery. Here, we describe bench-level methods for the extraction, purification, and preliminary qualitative and quantitative analyses of major gangliosides from tissues and cells that can be completed in a few hours. We also describe methods for larger scale isolation and purification of major ganglioside species from brain. Together, these methods provide analytical and preparative scale access to this class of bioactive molecules.

Gangliosides are sialic acid-bearing glycosphingolipids that are particularly abundant in the brain. Their amphipathic nature requires organic/aqueous extraction and purification techniques to ensure optimal recovery and accurate analyses. This article provides overviews of analytic and preparative scale ganglioside extraction, purification, and thin layer chromatography analysis.

Ganglioside 추출, 정제 및 프로파일링

Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids that contain one or more sialic acid residues. They are found on all vertebrate cells and tissues but are especially ...

Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation

RNA adopts diverse structural folds, which are essential for its functions and thereby can impact diverse processes in the cell. In addition, the structure and function of an RNA can be modulated by various trans-acting factors, such as proteins, metabolites or other RNAs. Frameshifting RNA molecules, for instance, are regulatory RNAs located in coding regions, which direct translating ribosomes into an alternative open reading frame, and thereby act as gene switches. They may also adopt different folds after binding to proteins or other trans-factors. To dissect the role of RNA-binding proteins in translation and how they modulate RNA structure and stability, it is crucial to study the interplay and mechanical features of these RNA-protein complexes simultaneously.&#160;This work illustrates how to employ single-molecule-fluorescence-coupled optical tweezers to explore the conformational and thermodynamic landscape of RNA-protein complexes at a high resolution. As an example, the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 programmed ribosomal frameshifting element with the trans-acting factor short isoform of zinc-finger antiviral protein is elaborated. In addition, fluorescence-labeled ribosomes were monitored using the confocal unit, which would ultimately enable the study of translation elongation. The fluorescence coupled OT assay can be widely applied to explore diverse RNA-protein complexes or trans-acting factors regulating translation and could facilitate studies of RNA-based gene regulation.

This protocol presents a complete experimental workflow for studying RNA-protein interactions using optical tweezers. Several possible experimental setups are outlined including the combination of optical tweezers with confocal microscopy.