Name: coupling carbon capture from a power plant with semi-automated open raceway ponds for microalgae cultivation
Uploaded: 2020-08-14T16:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Coupling Carbon Capture from a Power Plant with Semi-automated Open Raceway Ponds for Microalgae Cultivation at JoVE.com

이 작업은 지역 조류 공급 원료 테스트베드 프로젝트, 미국 에너지부 DE-EE0006269를 통해 지원되었습니다. 또한 Esteban Jimenez, Jessica Peebles, Francisco Acedo, Jose Cisneros, RAFT Team, Mark Mansfield, UA 발전소 직원 및 TEP 발전소 직원에게 모든 도움을 주신 것에 감사드립니다.

1. 성장 체계: 옥외 열린 경마장 연못 조정
<ol><li>연도 가스 공급원 (8-10 %CO2 포함)에 가까운 열린 경마장 연못을 설치하십시오. 연못 원자로 위치에서 물과 전기를 사용할 수 있고 원자로가 하루 종일 그늘에 있지 않은지 확인하십시오 (그림 1).</li>
	<li>연도 가스가 스택으로 유입되어 대기로 배출되기 몇 미터 전에 0.95cm 연료 호스를 사용하여 연소 후 공정 중에 연도 ...

이 연구에서, 우리는 더운 반 건조 기후에서 연도 가스 탄소 포집과 미세 조류 재배가 시너지 효과를 발휘하여 가능하다는 것을 입증합니다. 반자동 경마장 연못 시스템을 위한 실험 프로토콜은 최첨단 기술을 통합하여 연도 가스를 탄소원으로 사용할 때 조류 성장과 관련된 관련 파라미터를 실시간으로 모니터링합니다. 제안 된 프로토콜은 경주로 연못 20,21,36<s...

지구 온난화는 오늘날 세계가 직면하고있는 가장 중요한 환경 문제 중 하나입니다1. 연구에 따르면 주요 원인은 인간 활동 2,3,4,5,6,7로 인해 대기 중 온실 가스 (GHG) 배출량의 증가, 주로CO2입니다. 미국에서CO2 배출량의 가장 큰 밀도는 주로 에너지 부문, 특히 전력 발전소 3,7,8,9의 화석 연료 연소에서 비롯됩니다. 따라서 탄소 포집 및 활용 (CCU) 기술은 온실 가스 배출량 2,7,10을 줄이기위한 주요 전략 중 하나로 부상했습니다. 여기에는 햇빛을 활용하여 광합성을 통해CO2와 물을 영양소가있는 상태에서 바이오 매스로 변환하는 생물학적 시스템이 포함됩니다. 미세조류의 사용은 빠른 성장 속도, 높은CO2 고정능력 및 높은 생산 능력으로 인해 제안되었다. 추가적으로, 미세조류는 바이오매스가 화석 연료 7,9,10,11,12를 대체할 수 있는 바이오 연료와 같은 관심 있는 제품으로 전환될 수 있기 때문에 광범위한 바이오에너지 잠재력을 갖는다.
미세조류는 개방된 경마장 연못 및 폐쇄된 광생물반응기(13,14,15,16,17,18,19)를 포함하는 다양한 재배 시스템 또는 반응기에서 성장하고 생물학적 전환을 달성할 수 있다. 연구자들은 실내 또는 실외 조건 하에서 두 재배 시스템 모두에서 생물 공정의 성공을 결정하는 장점과 한계를 연구했습니다 5,6,16,20,21,22,23,24,25 . 개방 경마장 연못은 연도 가스가 스택에서 직접 분배 될 수있는 상황에서 탄소 포집 및 활용을위한 가장 일반적인 재배 시스템입니다. 이러한 유형의 재배 시스템은 상대적으로 저렴하고 확장이 쉽고 에너지 비용이 저렴하며 혼합에 대한 에너지 요구 사항이 낮습니다. 또한 이러한 시스템을 발전소와 쉽게 공동 배치하여 CCU 프로세스를 보다 효율적으로 만들 수 있습니다. 그러나,CO2 가스/액체 질량 전달의 한계와 같이 고려될 필요가 있는 몇 가지 결점이 있다. 한계가 있지만, 개방 경마장 연못은 옥외 미세조류 바이오 연료 생산 5,9,11,16,20에 가장 적합한 시스템으로 제안되었습니다.
이 기사에서는 천연 가스 발전소의 연도 가스에서 탄소 포획을 결합한 열린 경마장 연못에서 미세조류 재배 방법을 자세히 설명합니다. 이 방법은 배양 pH에 기초하여 연도 가스 주입을 제어하는 반자동 시스템으로 구성된다; 이 시스템은 광학 밀도, 용존 산소(DO), 전기전도도(EC), 공기 및 연못 온도 센서를 사용하여 클로렐라 소로키니아나 배양 상태를 실시간으로 모니터링하고 기록합니다. 조류 바이오매스와 연도 가스 주입 데이터는 Tucson Electric Power 시설에서 10분마다 데이터 로거에 의해 수집됩니다. 조류 균주 유지 보수, 스케일 업, 품질 관리 측정 및 바이오 매스 특성화 (예 : 광학 밀도, g / L 및 지질 함량 간의 상관 관계)는 애리조나 대학의 실험실 환경에서 수행됩니다. 이전의 프로토콜은 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션(26)을 통해 광생물반응기에서 미세조류 성장을 촉진하기 위해 연도 가스 설정을 최적화하는 방법을 개략적으로 설명했다. 여기에 제시된 프로토콜은 개방 된 경마장 연못을 활용하고 생산 된 연도 가스를 직접 사용하기 위해 천연 가스 발전소에서 현장에서 구현되도록 설계되었다는 점에서 독특합니다. 또한 실시간 광학 밀도 측정은 프로토콜의 일부입니다. 설명된 바와 같은 시스템은 낮은 강수량, 해마다 강수량의 상당한 변동성, 낮은 상대 습도, 높은 증발 속도, 맑은 하늘 및 강렬한 태양 복사(27)를 나타내는 뜨거운 반건조 기후(Köppen BSh)에 최적화되어 있다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:1767px;" width="1766">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Adjustable speed motor (paddle wheel system)</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Leeson</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">174307</td>
			<td style="width:1116px;">Lesson 174307.00, type: SCR Voltage; Amps:10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Aluminum weight boats</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">08-732-102</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand Aluminum Weighing Dishes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ammonium Iron (III) (NH&#8324;)&#8325;[Fe(C&#8326;H&#8324;O&#8327;)&#8322;]</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>1185 - 57 - 5</td>
			<td>Medium preparation. Ammonium iron(III) citrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Ammonium Phosphate</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7722-76-1</td>
			<td>This chemical is used for the optimized medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Ampicillin sodium salt</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A9518-5G</td>
			<td>This chemical is used for avoiding algae contamination</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Autoclave</td>
			<td>Amerex Instrument Inc</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Hirayama HA300MII</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bacto agar</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP1423500</td>
			<td>Fisher BioReagents Granulated Agar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Bleach</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Clorox</td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td>Germicidal Bleach, concentrated clorox</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Boric Acid (H3BO3)</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10043-35-3</td>
			<td>Trace Elelements: Boric acid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:285px;">Calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2*2H2O)</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>10035-04-8</td>
			<td>Medium preparation. Calcium chloride dihydrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:285px;">Carboys (20 L)</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Nalgene - Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>2250-0050PK</td>
			<td>Polypropylene Carboy w/Handles</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Beckman Coulter, Inc</td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td>J2-21</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Chloroform</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>67-66-3</td>
			<td>This chemical is used for lipid extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Citraplex 20% Iron</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Loveland Products</td>
			<td>SDS No. 1000595582 -17-LPI</td>
			<td>https://www.fbn.com/direct/product/Citraplex-20-Iron#product_info</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:285px;">Cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2*6H2O)</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">10026-22-9</td>
			<td>Trace Elements: Cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Compressor</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Makita</td>
			<td>MAC700</td>
			<td>This equipment is used for the injection CO2 system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Control Valve</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sierra Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">SmartTrak 100</td>
			<td>This item needs to be customized for your application. In our case, it was used a 5% CO2 and 95% air mixture.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:285px;">Copper (II) Sulfate Pentahydrate (CuSO4*5H2O)</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">7758-99-8</td>
			<td>Trace Elements: Copper (II) Sulfate Pentahydrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Data Logger: Campbell unit CR3000</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Scientific Campbell</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">CR3000</td>
			<td>This equipment is used for controlling all the system, motoring and recording data</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Dissolvde Oxygen Solution</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Campbell Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">14055</td>
			<td>Dissolved oxygen electrolyte solution DO6002 - Lot No. 211085</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:285px;">Dissolved Oxygen probe</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sensorex</td>
			<td>&#65279;</td>
			<td>DO6400/T Dissolved Oxygen Sensor with Digital Communication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Electroconductivity calibration solution</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Ricca Chemical Company</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">2245 - 32 ( R2245000-1A )</td>
			<td>Conductivity Standard, 5000 uS/cm at 25C (2620 ppm TDS as NaCl)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Electroconductivity probe sensor</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Hanna Instruments</td>
			<td>HI3003/D</td>
			<td>Flow-thru Conductivity Probe - NTC Sensor, DIN Connector, 3m Cable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:285px;">Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (Na2EDTA*2H2O)</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>6381-92-6</td>
			<td>Medium Preparation: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Filters</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>09-874-48</td>
			<td>Whatman Binder-Free Glass Microfiber Filters</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Flasks</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Fisher scientific</td>
			<td>09-552-40</td>
			<td>Pyrex Fernbach Flasks</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Furnace</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Hogentogler</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Model: F6020C-80</td>
			<td>Thermo Sicentific Thermolyne F6020C - 80 Muffle Furnace</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Glass dessicator</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">VWR International LLC</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">75871-430</td>
			<td>Type 150, 140 mm of diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Glass funnel</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">FB6005865</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand Reusable Glass Long-Stem Funnels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Laminar flow hood</td>
			<td>Fisher Hamilton Safeair</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Fisher Hamilton Stainless Safeair hume hood</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:285px;">Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4*7H2O)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10034 - 99 - 8</td>
			<td>Medium Preparation: Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>67-56-1</td>
			<td>Lipid extraction solvent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:285px;">Micro bubble Diffuser</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Pentair Aquatic Eco-Systems</td>
			<td>1PMBD075</td>
			<td>This equipment is used for the injection CO2 system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Microalgae: Chlorella Sorokiniana</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">NAABB</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">DOE 1412</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microoscope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss 4291097</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Microwave assistant extraction</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">MARS, CEM Corportation</td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td>CEM Mars 5 Xtraction 230/60 Microwave Accelerated Reaction System. Model: 907601</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">MnCl2*4H2O</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>13446-34-9</td>
			<td>Manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Mortars</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>FB961B</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand porcelein mortars</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Nitrogen evaporator</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Organomation</td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td>N-EVAP 112 Nitrogen Evaporatpr (OA-SYS Heating System)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Oven</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">VWR International LLC</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">89511-410</td>
			<td>Forced Air Oven</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Paddle Wheel</td>
			<td style="width:204px;"></td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td>8-blade horizontal axis propeller. This usually comes as part of the paddlewheel reactor.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Paddle wheel motor</td>
			<td>Leeson</td>
			<td>M1135042.00</td>
			<td>Leeson, Model: CM34025Nz10C; 1/4 HP; Volts 90; FR 34; 62 RPM.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Pestles</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>FB961M</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand porcelein pestles</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">pH and EC Transmitter</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Hanna Instruments</td>
			<td>HI98143</td>
			<td>Hanna Instruments HI98143-04 pH and EC Transmitter with Galvanic isolated 0-4V.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">pH calibration solutions</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">13-643-003</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific Orion pH Buffer Bottles</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">pH probe sensor</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Hanna Instruments</td>
			<td>HI1006-2005</td>
			<td>Hanna Instruments HI1006-2005 Teflon pH Electrode with matching pin 5m.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pippete tips</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>1111-2821</td>
			<td>1000 ul TipOne graduated blue tip in racks</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pippetter</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-690-032</td>
			<td>Eppendorf Reserch plus Variable Adjustable Volume Pipettes: Single-channel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Plastic cuvettes</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Fisher scientific</td>
			<td>14377017</td>
			<td>BrandTech BRAND Plastic Cuvettes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Plates</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Fisher scientific</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">08-757-100D</td>
			<td>Corning Falcon Bacteriological Petri Dishes with Lid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Potash</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This chemical is used for the optimazed medium preparation. It was bought in a fertilizer local company</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Potassium phosphate dibasic (K2HPO4)</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7758 -11 - 4</td>
			<td>Medium Preparation: Potassium phosphate dibasic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Pyrex reusable Media Storage Bottles</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Fisher scientific</td>
			<td>06-414-2A</td>
			<td>1 L and 2 L bottels - PYREX GL45 Screw Caps with Plug Seals</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Raceway Pond</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Similar equipment can be bought at https://microbioengineering.com/products</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Real Time Optical Density Sensor</td>
			<td>University of Arizona</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>This equipment was design and build by a member of the group</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">RS232 Cable</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sabrent</td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td>Sabrent USB 2.0 to Serial (9-Pin) DB-9 RS-232 Converter Cable, Prolific Chipset, Hexnuts, [Windows 10/8.1/8/7/VISTA/XP, Mac OS X 10.6 and Above] 2.5 Feet (CB-DB9P)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Shaker Table</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Algae agitation 150 rpm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">497-19-8</td>
			<td>Sodium carbonate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:285px;">Sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO4*2H2O)</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">10102-40-6</td>
			<td>Medium Preparation: Sodium molybdate dihydrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Sodium nitrate (NaNO3)</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7631-99-4</td>
			<td>Medium Preparation: Sodium nitrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;width:285px;">Spectophotometer</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Fisher Scientific Company</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">14-385-400</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific - 10S UV-Vis GENESTYS Spectrophotometer cylindrical Longpath cell holder; internal reference dectector, Xenon flash lamp; dual silicon photodiode; 240V, 50 to 60Hz selected automatically.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Test tubes</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">14-961-27</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand Disposable Borosilicate Glass Tubes with Plain End (10 ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Thermocouples type K</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Omega</td>
			<td>KMQXL-125G-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Urea</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">2067-80-3</td>
			<td>Urea</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Vacuum filtration system</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">XX1514700</td>
			<td>MilliporeSigma Glass Vacuum Filter Holder, 47 mm. The system includes: Ground glass flask attachment, coarse-frit glass filter support, and flask</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Vacuum pump</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Grainger</td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td>Marathon Electric AC Motor Thermally protected G588DX - MOD 5KH36KNA510X. HP 1/4. RPM 1725/1425</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:285px;">Zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4*7H2O)</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">7446-20-0</td>
			<td>Zinc sulfate heptahydrate</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

coupling carbon capture from a power plant with semi-automated open raceway ponds for microalgae cultivation

미국에서는 총 이산화탄소 (CO2) 배출량의 35 %가 전력 산업에서 발생하며 그 중 30 %는 천연 가스 전기 생산을 나타냅니다. 미세조류는 식물보다CO2를 10 내지 15배 빠르게 바이오픽싱하고 조류 바이오매스를 바이오연료와 같은 관심있는 제품으로 전환시킬 수 있다. 따라서이 연구는 뜨거운 반 건조한 기후에서 미국 남서부에 위치한 천연 가스 발전소와의 미세 조류 재배의 잠재적 인 시너지 효과를 보여주는 프로토콜을 제시합니다. 최첨단 기술은 녹색 조류 종 클로렐라 소로키니아나를 통해 탄소 포집 및 활용을 향상시키는 데 사용되며, 이는 바이오 연료로 추가 처리 될 수 있습니다. 우리는 반자동 개방형 경마장 연못과 관련된 프로토콜을 설명하고 애리조나 주 투손에있는 Tucson Electric Power 발전소에서 테스트 할 때의 성능 결과에 대해 논의합니다. 연도 가스는 pH를 조절하기 위한 주요 탄소원으로 사용되었고, 클로렐라 소로키니아나는 재배되었다. 조류를 성장시키기 위해 최적화된 배지를 사용하였다. 시간의 함수로서 시스템에 첨가된CO2의 양을 면밀히 모니터링하였다. 또한 조류 성장 속도, 바이오 매스 생산성 및 탄소 고정에 영향을 미치는 다른 물리 화학적 요인을 모니터링하여 광학 밀도, 용존 산소 (DO), 전기 전도도 (EC) 및 공기 및 연못 온도를 모니터링했습니다. 결과는 최대 0.385 g/L 무회분 건조 중량의 미세조류 수율이 달성가능하며, 지질 함량은 24%임을 나타냅니다. CO2 배출국과 조류 농가 간의 시너지 효과를 활용하면 조류 바이오 연료 및 바이오 제품의 지속 가능한 생산을 지원하면서 탄소 포획을 증가시키는 데 필요한 자원을 제공 할 수 있습니다.

우리 실험실의 이전 실험 결과는 반자동 개방 경마장 연못을 사용하는 미세 조류 재배가 탄소 포집 과정과 결합 될 수 있음을 나타냅니다. 이 두 공정 사이의 시너지 효과를 더 잘 이해하기 위해 (그림 2), 우리는 프로토콜을 개발하고 뜨거운 반 건조 기후의 옥외 조건에서 녹색 조류 종 클로렐라 소로키 니아나를 재배하기 위해 조정했습니다. 천연가스 연도가스는 산?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Coupling Carbon Capture from a Power Plant with Semi-automated Open Raceway Ponds for Microalgae Cultivation at JoVE.com

Coupling Carbon Capture from a Power Plant with Semi-automated Open Raceway Ponds for Microalgae Cultivation

천연 가스 발전소 연도 가스의 이산화탄소를 활용하여 열린 경마장 연못에서 미세 조류를 재배하는 프로토콜이 설명되어 있습니다. 연도 가스 주입은 pH 센서로 제어되며, 미세조류 성장은 광학 밀도의 실시간 측정으로 모니터링됩니다.

발전소의 탄소 포집과 미세조류 재배를 위한 반자동 개방형 경마장 연못 결합

In the United States, 35% of the total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions come from the electrical power industry, of which 30% represent natural gas ...

This semi-automatic raceway cultivation system controlled by a pH sensor can directly capture flue gas from power plans for microalgae cultivation and can monitor microalgae growth with real-time measurements. The reactor system allows the direct capture and usage of carbon from industrial flue gas to grow microalgae in on-site semi-automated open pond raceway systems. The system can be used to cultivate alternative algae species and to capture carbon from any power plant.To set up an open raceway pond, attach a 0.95 centimeter fuel hose to capture the flue gas during the post-combustion process, a few meters before the flue gas enters the stack to be discharged into the atmosphere. Place a 20 liter water trap and an approximately 12 meter condenser between the stack and the compressor to remove water from the flue gas. To monitor algal growth, connect a real-time optical density sensor that measures the absorbance at 650 and 750 nanometers, a dissolved oxygen sensor, air and pond thermocouples, a pH sensor, and an electroconductivity sensor to a data logger.To set up a pH control system, connect a compressor and control valve system to the data logger program to manage the flue gas injection and use a tube to direct the flue gas from the control valve through a stone diffuser to the bottom of the raceway pond, then set the system to inject flue gas when the pH value was greater than 8.05 and to stop the flue gas injection when the pH is less than eight. To set up an algal culture system, set the culture room to 25 degrees Celsius in a 12-hour light, 12-hour dark cycle, and use deionized water salts and macro and micronutrients to prepare BG-11 culture medium. Use a sterile loop to select a single algal colony from the culture plate and inoculate the algae in a 50 milliliter tube containing sterile growth medium in a clean biosafety cabinet.Grow the small liquid culture on a shaker table at 120 revolutions per minute for one week. At the end of the incubation, transfer the entire volume of algal culture into 500 milliliters of liquid culture in a one liter flask and close the flask with a rubber stopper fitted with stainless steel tubing to provide aeration. Filter the air with 0.20 micron air sterilization filters and allow the culture to grow for another one to two weeks using a spectrophotometer to monitor the cell density daily.At the end of the culture period, add 500 milliliters of the liquid algal culture to eight liters of non-sterile culture medium in a 10 liter carboy and inject a mixture of 5%carbon dioxide and 95%air into the carboy. Monitor the stock plate and liquid cultures under a light microscope at the 10 and 40X magnifications once a week to ensure growth of the strain of interest. To inoculate an outdoor open raceway pond with algae, first, thoroughly clean the reactor overnight with 30%bleach.Rinse the reactor the next morning until all of the bleach has been removed and calibrate all of the sensors according to their corresponding calibration procedures. Fill the raceway pond up to 80%with water to dilute the concentrated medium and inoculate the pond with the 10 liter carboy of algae culture. Bring the pond to its final volume, then partially shade the raceway pond with wooden pallets for about three days as an adaptation strategy to avoid photo inhibition to allow the microalgae to acclimate to the culture system.To perform a batch growth experiment, inspect and record any day-to-day variations including water evaporation, paddle wheel motor and sensor functionality, or anything else out of the ordinary. Drain and inspect the compressor and water trap daily to allow the removal of any excess water and to minimize flue gas corrosion. Configure the data logger to scan each sensor measurement every 10 seconds and to store the average sensor and air and reactor temperature data every 10 minutes.Make sure that the water level remains constant at the reactor's final volume to avoid affecting the optical density measurement. After replenishing the water in the reactor, collect an algal biomass sample using a 250 milliliter bottle. Measure the optical density in the spectrophotometer.Check the quality of the algae culture three times a week by light microscopy. When a culture is close to reaching stationary phase, harvest 75%of the total algae culture volume and use two to five liters of the culture suspension to perform biomass productivity analysis in the laboratory, then process and convert the rest of the algae into the desired algal products. Here, a comparison between the sensor and laboratory measurements can be observed.Both breeding show similar trends with the data increasing as a function of time. Optical density values increase during the day, but decrease at night during respiration, indicating a change in biomass productivity, thus the integration of a real-time optical density sensor makes it possible to make effective management decisions about the overall algal production system. In this analysis, flue gas was injected from approximately 8:00 a.m.to 6:00 p.m. but was not injected between 6:00 p.m. and 8:00 a.m.This day/night cycle reflects the daylight sunlight exposure and the lack of light during the night, and consequently, the activation of photosynthesis or photorespiration respectively. As illustrated in this figure, as the algal grow rate increases, more flue gas is required, confirming that the on/off flue gas pulse injection system is effective at facilitating carbon capture and utilization through microalgae cultivation. Other physical chemical parameters can also be used to establish a correlation between the parameters and algal growth and productivity.It is important to make sure that the pH system is properly set up and that all of the sensors are calibrated before inoculating the raceway ponds with microalgae. Other methods that can be performed with the raceway pond while producing microalgae biomass include lipid, carbohydrate, or pigment extraction, ash-free dry weight measurements, and PCR quality monitoring.

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

Methods for Performing Crosses in Setaria viridis, a New Model System for the Grasses

Methods for Performing Crosses in Setaria viridis, a New Model System for the Grasses

에 십자가를 수행하는 방법<em&gt; 강아지풀</em목초에 대한&gt;, 새로운 모델 시스템

Setaria viridis is an emerging model system for C4 grasses. It is closely related to the bioenergy feed stock switchgrass and the grain crop foxtail ...

연구

환경과학

Analysis of Fatty Acid Content and Composition in Microalgae

미세 조류의 지방산 콘텐츠 및 조성 분석

A method to determine the content and composition of total fatty acids present in microalgae is described. Fatty acids are a major constituent of ...

Single-plant, Sterile Microcosms for Nodulation and Growth of the Legume Plant Medicago truncatula with the Rhizobial Symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti

Single-plant, Sterile Microcosms for Nodulation and Growth of the Legume Plant Medicago truncatula with the Rhizobial Symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti

유괴와 콩과 식물의 성장을위한 단일 공장, 무균 소우주<em&gt; 개자리 truncatula</em&gt; Rhizobi​​al 공생과<em&gt; Sinorhizobi​​um meliloti</em

Rhizobial  bacteria form symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of compatible host  legume plants.  One  of the most well-developed model systems ...

Experimental Protocol for Manipulating Plant-induced Soil Heterogeneity

조작 식물에 의한 토양의 이질성에 대한 실험 프로토콜

Coexistence theory has often treated environmental heterogeneity as being independent of the community composition; however biotic feedbacks such as ...

Modification and Application of a Leaf Blower-vac for Field Sampling of Arthropods

수정 및 절지 동물의 필드 샘플링을위한 잎 송풍기 - 진공 청소기의 적용

Rice fields host a large diversity of arthropods, but investigating their population dynamics and interactions is challenging. Here we describe the ...

Measurement of the Rheology of Crude Oil in Equilibrium with CO2 at Reservoir Conditions

Measurement of the Rheology of Crude Oil in Equilibrium with CO2 at Reservoir Conditions

CO와 평형 상태에있는 원유의 레올로 지의 측정<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; 저수지 조건

A rheometer system to measure the rheology of crude oil in equilibrium with carbon dioxide (CO2) at high temperatures and pressures is described. The ...

Continuous Hydrologic and Water Quality Monitoring of Vernal Ponds

지속적인 문학적 품질 모니터링 Vernal 연못의 물

Vernal ponds, also referred to as vernal pools, provide critical ecosystem services and habitat for a variety of threatened and endangered species. ...

The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

식물 감염 테스트: 스프레이 식물 병원 체 Magnaporthe Grisea 와 상처-중재 접종

Plants possess a powerful system to defend themselves against potential threats by pathogenic fungi. For agriculturally important plants, however, current ...

Cultivation of Green Microalgae in Bubble Column Photobioreactors and an Assay for Neutral Lipids

중립 지질에 대 한 녹색 미세 거품 열 Photobioreactors에 시험 재배

There is significant interest in the study of microalgae for engineering applications such as the production of biofuels, high value products, and for the ...

High-throughput Siderophore Screening from Environmental Samples: Plant Tissues, Bulk Soils, and Rhizosphere Soils

환경 샘플에서 높은 처리량 Siderophore 심사: 식물 조직, 대량 토양, 및 Rhizosphere 토양

Siderophores (low-molecular weight metal chelating compounds) are important in various ecological phenomenon ranging from iron (Fe) biogeochemical cycling ...