Name: detrusor underactivity model in rats by conus medullaris transection
Uploaded: 2020-08-28T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection at JoVE.com

所有大鼠均按照首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院动物实验委员会批准的方案使用。
1. 手术准备、麻醉和手术技术
注意：本研究共获得40只雌性Wistar大鼠，重200-220克。在40只大鼠中，随机选择10只作为对照组，其余作为试验组。所有动物均在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院动物设施的无菌环境中饲养。
<ol><li>通过腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠（40mg / kg）进行全身麻...

<ol>
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W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rodent+models+for+treatment+of+spinal+cord+injury:+research+trends+and+progress+toward+useful+repair.">Rodent models for treatment of spinal cord injury: research trends and progress toward useful repair.</a> Current Opinion in Neurology. 17 (2), 121-131 (2004).</li><li>Yoo, K. H., Lee, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+animal+models+of+neurogenic+bladder+dysfunction.">Experimental animal models of neurogenic bladder dysfunction.</a> International Neurourology Journal. 14 (1), 1-6 (2010).</li><li>Kanai, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sophisticated+models+and+methods+for+studying+neurogenic+bladder+dysfunction.">Sophisticated models and methods for studying neurogenic bladder dysfunction.</a> Neurourology and Urodynamics. 30 (5), 658-667 (2011).</li><li>Nomiya, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progressive+vascular+damage+may+lead+to+bladder+underactivity+in+rats.">Progressive vascular damage may lead to bladder underactivity in rats.</a> The Journal of Urology. 191 (5), 1462-1469 (2014).</li><li>Seki, T., Hida, K., Tada, M., Koyanagi, I., Iwasaki, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Graded+contusion+model+of+the+mouse+spinal+cord+using+a+pneumatic+impact+device.">Graded contusion model of the mouse spinal cord using a pneumatic impact device.</a> Neurosurgery. 50 (5), 1075-1081 (2002).</li><li>Yeo, S. 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B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Underactive+bladder;+Review+of+progress+and+impact+from+the+International+CURE-UAB+Initiative.">Underactive bladder; Review of progress and impact from the International CURE-UAB Initiative.</a> International Neurourology Journal. 24 (1), 3-11 (2020).</li><li>Pfisterer, M. H. D., Griffiths, D. J., Schaefer, W., Resnick, N. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+age+on+lower+urinary+tract+function:+a+study+in+women.">The effect of age on lower urinary tract function: a study in women.</a> Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 54 (3), 405-412 (2006).</li><li>Duchen, L. W., Anjorin, A., Watkins, P. J., Mackay, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathology+of+autonomic+neuropathy+in+diabetes+mellitus.">Pathology of autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus.</a> Annals of Internal Medicine. 92 (2), 301-303 (1980).</li><li>Schneider, T., Hein, P., Bai, J., Michel, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+role+for+muscarinic+receptors+or+rho-kinase+in+hypertension+associated+rat+bladder+dysfunction.">A role for muscarinic receptors or rho-kinase in hypertension associated rat bladder dysfunction.</a> The Journal of Urologoy. 173 (6), 2178-2181 (2005).</li><li>Drake, M. J., Harvey, I. J., Gillespie, J. I., Van Duyl, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Localized+contractions+in+the+normal+human+bladder+and+in+urinary+urgency.">Localized contractions in the normal human bladder and in urinary urgency.</a> BJU International. 95 (7), 1002-1005 (2005).</li><li>Suskind, A. M., Smith, P. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+look+at+detrusor+underactivity:+impaired+contractility+versus+afferent+dysfunction.">A new look at detrusor underactivity: impaired contractility versus afferent dysfunction.</a> Current Urology Reports. 10 (5), 347-351 (2009).</li><li>Osman, N. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detrusor+underactivity+and+the+underactive+bladder:+A+new+clinical+entity?+A+review+of+current+terminology,+definitions,+epidemiology,+aetiology,+and+diagnosis.">Detrusor underactivity and the underactive bladder: A new clinical entity? A review of current terminology, definitions, epidemiology, aetiology, and diagnosis.</a> European Urology. 65 (2), 389-398 (2014).</li></ol>

贫铀是男性和女性下尿路症状的常见原因。这是一个复杂的症状群，几乎没有治疗选择，可以显着降低受影响者的生活质量（Qol）18。尽管人们认为贫铀是多因素的，但对其发病机制的理解仍然很初步。研究表明，贫铀的发病机制可能与肌源性和神经源性因素有关。
在肌源性假说中，观察到患有贫铀的人可能比健康衰老的人经历更显着的逼尿肌收缩力下降。...

逼尿肌活动不足（DU）是一种典型的下尿路功能障碍，至今仍在研究中。尽管贫铀已由国际尿失禁协会（ICS）1定义，但使用许多不同的术语来指代这种疾病，例如“逼尿肌衰竭”、“收缩性膀胱”、“逼尿肌反射消失”2。根据国际尿失禁协会 （ICS） 在 2002 年的定义，DU 是一种力量和持续时间减少的收缩，导致膀胱排空时间延长，从而导致无法在正常时间内实现膀胱完全排空。
DU 可能影响 48% 的男性和 12% 的女性（>70 岁）3 伴有下尿路症状。它似乎是多因素的，并且没有有效的治疗方法。据悉，DU在神经源性膀胱功能障碍患者中普遍存在，如多发性硬化症4、糖尿病5、帕金森病6或脑卒中7。贫铀也可由医源性神经损伤引起，例如腹腔镜子宫切除术、前列腺切除术或其他小骨盆的手术干预8.由于缺乏合适的动物模型进行研究，贫铀的病理生理学变化和可用的治疗方法仍然令人困惑。
排尿反射由脊柱-球脊髓通路控制，该通路结合了脑桥排尿中心、骶副交感神经核和更高级的皮质中心9。排尿反射的激活和维持主要取决于感觉信号从膀胱到更高级的皮层中心的定期传输。可以推测感觉功能障碍会导致 DU。
大多数与下尿路功能障碍相关的实验动物研究都集中在膀胱过度活动症（OAB）模型10上。这些模型提供了对OAB病理生理学和预后的合理理解。然而，只有少数 DU 模型被报道，例如脊髓上损伤（局部病变、去脑和大脑中动脉闭塞）、脊髓横断或挫伤、全身性（例如环磷酰胺）或膀胱内给予刺激性或炎症性物质（例如酸、丙烯醛和脂多糖）11，12，13，14.在这些方法中，只有脊髓横断或挫伤法可用于建立DU13的动物模型。由于严重的创伤，涉及脑桥排尿中心和高级皮层中心损伤的尝试被放弃。因此，人们越来越注意在排尿反射中心找到一个准确的位置，以最小的副作用诱导贫铀。
如前所述，诱导贫铀的机制之一是损伤脊髓以损害排尿反射的信号通路。艾伦的减重方法是为了建立脊髓受伤的实验动物而开发的15。但是，没有关于该方法的进一步实验数据。此外，由于部分动物在没有DU的情况下恢复了中风后的脊柱功能，因此不能将其视为生成DU动物模型16的完美方法。
1987年，布雷格曼发现了一种横断脊髓的过程，以生成DU动物模型，并获得了实验数据17。然而，该方法并未应用于建立贫铀动物模型。当时，研究人员仍然对DU的发病机制感到困惑。由于脊髓中与OAB或DU诱导相关的位置彼此相邻，因此他们无法找到脊髓损伤的准确位置以诱导DU17。OAB和DU要么一起引入，要么通过这种方法单独引入。因此，这种方法虽然引入了DU，但它并不精确，不能用于理解DU的发生和处理。
如上所述，缺乏合适的贫铀动物模型是贫铀研究的主要障碍之一。 研究人员一直在寻找一种准确且可管理的模型，可以模拟贫铀的病理学。在过去20年中，即使是贫铀的治疗方案也没有显著改善。总的来说，非常需要描述建立DU动物模型的标准协议。
因此，在本文中，我们描述了一种通过圆锥髓质横断成功建立DU大鼠模型的方法。在L4-L5水平进行横断，以分离髓圆锥。记录并分析膀胱的最大膀胱容量（MCC），逼尿肌开口压力（DOP）和膀胱顺应性以验证方案。下面所述的协议以标准化的方式结合了可行性和可靠性，以建立贫铀动物模型，模拟贫铀的发生和处理。该协议可用作进一步研究DU的技术。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.9% saline</td>
			<td>Wuhan Prosai Company</td>
			<td>EY-C1178</td>
			<td>pump for urodynamic measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% chloral hydrate</td>
			<td>Shandong Yulong Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>H37022673</td>
			<td>3mL/kg&#65292;administered intraperitoneally</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine Hydrochloride Injection</td>
			<td>Tianjin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Pharmaceutical Co. LTD</td>
			<td>H12020275</td>
			<td>0.05mg/kg subcutaneously 24h and 48h postoperation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epidural Catheter</td>
			<td>Shandong Xinghua Co, Ltd</td>
			<td>VABR3L</td>
			<td>for urodynamic measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin G</td>
			<td>Alta Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>1ST5637</td>
			<td>50,000 unit/ml per animal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pentobarbital</td>
			<td>Beijing solabo Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>NK-WF0001</td>
			<td>40 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Suture line(4-0)</td>
			<td>ETHICON</td>
			<td>VCP422H</td>
			<td>suture the injury</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Three-limb tube</td>
			<td>Shandong Xinghua Co, Ltd</td>
			<td>VAB3T</td>
			<td>for urodynamic measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trace infusion pump</td>
			<td>Zhejiang Smith Medical Instrument Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>20162540335</td>
			<td>Pump the saline at a speed of 0.2ml/min for urodynamic measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Urodynamic measurement equipment</td>
			<td>Medical Measurement SystemsB.V.</td>
			<td>08-0467</td>
			<td>urodynamic measurement equipment can not only help the diagnosis of dysuria, but also provide objective materials for treatment and therapeutic effect. It is the most commonly used examination method in clinical diagnosis and treatment of lower urinary tract functional diseases</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wistar Rats</td>
			<td>HFK Biotechnology Co.Ltd,Beijing ,China</td>
			<td>SCXK2012-0023</td>
			<td>200-220g</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

detrusor underactivity model in rats by conus medullaris transection

所提出的协议的目标是通过圆锥髓质横断在大鼠中建立逼尿肌活动不足（DU）模型。在总共40只雌性Wistar大鼠（对照组：10只大鼠;试验组：30只大鼠）中，体重200-220 g，在试验组中，髓圆锥在L4\u2012L5水平进行横断。将所有大鼠在相同的环境条件下饲养和喂养六周。在测试组中，每天进行两次排尿，持续六周，并记录平均残余尿量。两组均行膀胱测量图。记录并计算膀胱的最大膀胱测量容量（MCC），逼尿肌开放压力（DOP）和膀胱顺应性。测试组在手术后，无论是在脊柱休克期间还是之后，都显示出明显的尿潴留。但对照组未见异常。与对照组相比，试验组的MCC和膀胱顺应性显著高于试验组（3.24 ± 2.261 mL vs 1.04 ± 0.571 mL;0.43 ± 0.578 mL/cmH 2 O 对比 0.032 ± 0.016 mL/cmH 2 O），而试验组的DOP低于对照组（20.28 ± 14.022 cmH 2 O与35 ± 13.258 cmH22这种通过圆锥髓质横断建立贫铀动物模型的方法为更好地了解DU的病理生理学提供了绝佳的机会。

圆锥髓质横断的整个过程可以由经验丰富的外科医生在45分钟内完成。我们的实验室已经进行了100多例髓圆锥横断手术。成功率超过95%，由大鼠的存活率和成功诱导DU定义。尿动力学试验证实了DU的诱导。
根据我们的经验，贫铀的诱导可以通过残余尿量初步评估。手术后立即观察到尿液潴留。试验组术后第2天出现容量峰值点，体积下降逐渐持续10 d左右。手术后十天，体积达到...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection at JoVE.com

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

我们提出了一种通过大鼠髓圆锥横断建立逼尿肌活动不足模型的方法。在这些动物中成功刺激了逼尿肌活动不足。该模型可用于研究尿路功能。

大鼠逼尿肌活动不足模型通过圆锥髓质横断

The goal of the presented protocol was to establish a detrusor underactivity (DU) model in the rat through conus medullaris transection. Laminectomy was ...

Establishing an animal model of DU by conus medullaris transection offers an excellent opportunity for starting the pathophysiology of detrusor underactivity. Our protocol is the first to use conus medullaris transection to induce detrusor underactivity in an animal model. To perform a conus medullaris transection, First, make a three centimeter median skin incision on the back of the animal.Use surgical scissors to deepen the incision through the subcutaneous tissues and excise the muscles attached to the spine To expose the 13th rib. And carefully resect the muscles attached to the spine to expose the vertebral column. Resect the supraspinous, and interspinous ligaments.And use surgical scissors and forceps to expose the spine at L4 to L5.Use Kelly forceps to carefully remove the L4 to L5 vertebral spinous process and parts of the transverse process to expose the spinal cord. And completely expose the conus medullaris at L4 to L5.Use iridectomy scissors to completely transect the conus medullaris. And insert tissue packing to block the recovery of the spinal cord.Then use a 4-0 non-absorbable suture to close the overlying muscle and skin. And place the rat in a 37 degree Celsius incubator for the first hour post-procedure, with monitoring until the animal is sternal or actively moving. Urine retention is observed immediately after surgery, with the peak point of volume appearing on the second day post-operation, and gradually decreasing for about 10 days.Ten days after surgery, the retention volume reaches a steady level. Urodynamic testing reveals that the maximum cytometric capacity and bladder compliance are significantly higher in the test group, while the detrusor opening pressure in the test group decreases significantly compared to the control group. Correctly identifying the 13th rib is a key step for successful identification of the L4 to L5 vertebra.

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Optic Nerve Transection: A Model of Adult Neuron Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System

视神经横断：一个成人在中枢神经系统的神经元凋亡模型

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are CNS neurons that output visual information from the retina to the brain, via the optic nerve. 
The optic nerve can be ...

科研

神经科学

Methods for Experimental Manipulations after Optic Nerve Transection in the Mammalian CNS

在哺乳动物的中枢神经系统视神经横断后的实验操作方法

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are CNS neurons that output visual information from the retina to the brain, via the optic nerve. The optic nerve can be ...

A General Method for Evaluating Incubation of Sucrose Craving in Rats

评估大鼠蔗糖渴求育成的一个通用方法

For someone on a food-restricted diet, food craving in response to food-paired cues may serve as a key behavioral transition point between abstinence and ...

Generation of Topically Transgenic Rats by In utero Electroporation and In vivo Bioluminescence Screening

Generation of Topically Transgenic Rats by In utero Electroporation and In vivo Bioluminescence Screening

外用转基因大鼠通过代<em&gt;在子宫内</em&gt;电穿孔和<em&gt;在体内</em&gt;生物发光筛选

 In utero electroporation (IUE) is a technique which allows genetic modification of cells in the brain for investigating neuronal development. So far, the ...

Motor Nerve Transection and Time-lapse Imaging of Glial Cell Behaviors in Live Zebrafish

电机神经切断和时间推移成像胶质细胞行为在现场斑马鱼

The  nervous system is often described as a hard-wired component of the body even  though it is a considerably fluid organ system that reacts to external ...

Spinal Cord Transection in the Larval Zebrafish

在斑马鱼幼虫脊髓横断

Mammals fail in sensory and motor recovery following spinal cord injury due to lack of axonal regrowth below the level of injury as well as an inability ...

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

新生大鼠于A气味偏侧学习模型解剖神经回路托换记忆的形成

Rat pups during a critical postnatal period (&#8804; 10 days) readily form a preference for an odor that is associated with stimuli mimicking maternal ...

Partial Optic Nerve Transection in Rats: A Model Established with a New Operative Approach to Assess Secondary Degeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cells

大鼠部分视神经切断术: 建立一种新的手术方法评价视网膜神经节细胞二次变性的模型

Previous studies have shown that the secondary degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) occurs commonly in glaucoma. Partial optic nerve transection ...

Sub-acute Cerebral Microhemorrhages Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Injection in Rats

脂多糖注射液致大鼠亚急性脑 Microhemorrhages

Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs) are common in aged patients and are correlated to various neuropsychiatric disorders. The etiology of CMHs is complex, ...

A Preclinical Model to Assess Brain Recovery After Acute Stroke in Rats

评估大鼠急性中风后脑恢复的临床前模型

The purpose of this study was to establish and validate an animal brain ischemia model in the recovery and sequela stages. A middle cerebral artery ...