Name: measurement of tissue oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Uploaded: 2020-10-02T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis at JoVE.com

我们感谢吉智医科大学埼玉医学中心的透析人员和肾脏科的成员。我们要感谢意得辑（www.editage.com）的英文编辑。

所有参与者都提供了书面知情同意书。该研究得到了日本吉智医科大学埼玉医学中心机构审查委员会的批准（RIN 15-104）。
1. 用于监测rSO 2 的装置
<ol><li>准备用于测量组织氧合的近红外光谱设备。该设备有四个通道，可以同时在多达四个器官中进行测量。</li>
	<li>准备一个用于近红外光谱监测的测量传感器，通过发射两个附着波长的近红外光来评估每个器官中的 rSO<su...

<ol>
	<li>Nishiyama, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regional+cerebral+oxygen+saturation+monitoring+for+predicting+interventional+outcomes+in+patients+following+out-of-hospital+cardiac+arrest+of+presumed+cardiac+cause:+A+prospective,+observational,+multicentre+study.">Regional cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring for predicting interventional outcomes in patients following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac cause: A prospective, observational, multicentre study.</a> Resuscitation. 96, 135-141 (2015).</li><li>Kobayashi, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Factors+associated+with+a+low+initial+cerebral+oxygen+saturation+value+in+patients+undergoing+cardiac+surgery.">Factors associated with a low initial cerebral oxygen saturation value in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.</a> Journal of Artificial Organs. 20 (2), 110-116 (2017).</li><li>Cruz, S. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+multimodal+computational+system+using+near-infrared+spectroscopy+predicts+the+need+for+ECMO+initiation+in+neonates+with+congenital+diaphragmatic+hernia.">A novel multimodal computational system using near-infrared spectroscopy predicts the need for ECMO initiation in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.</a> Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 53 (1), 152-158 (2018).</li><li>MacEwen, C., Sutherland, S., Daly, J., Pugh, C., Tarassenko, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relationship+between+Hypotension+and+Cerebral+Ischemia+during+Hemodialysis.">Relationship between Hypotension and Cerebral Ischemia during Hemodialysis.</a> Journal of the American Socociety of Nephrology. 28 (8), 2511-2520 (2017).</li><li>Polinder-Bos, H. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Changes+in+cerebral+oxygenation+and+cerebral+blood+flow+during+hemodialysis+-+A+simultaneous+near-infrared+spectroscopy+and+positron+emission+tomography+study.">Changes in cerebral oxygenation and cerebral blood flow during hemodialysis - A simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy and positron emission tomography study.</a> Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; Metablism. 40 (2), 328-340 (2020).</li><li>Ookawara, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differences+in+tissue+oxygenation+and+changes+in+total+hemoglobin+signal+strength+in+the+brain,+liver,+and+lower-limb+muscle+during+hemodialysis.">Differences in tissue oxygenation and changes in total hemoglobin signal strength in the brain, liver, and lower-limb muscle during hemodialysis.</a> Journal of Artificial Organs. 21 (1), 86-93 (2018).</li><li>Malik, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+ischemia+worsens+during+hemodialysis+in+end-stage+renal+disease+patients.">Tissue ischemia worsens during hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease patients.</a> The Journal of Vascular Access. 18 (1), 47-51 (2017).</li><li>Ito, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+oxygenation+improvement+is+associated+with+hemoglobin+increase+after+hemodialysis+initiation.">Cerebral oxygenation improvement is associated with hemoglobin increase after hemodialysis initiation.</a> TheInternational Journal of Artificial Organs. , (2020).</li><li>Valerianova, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Factors+responsible+for+cerebral+hypoxia+in+hemodialysis+population.">Factors responsible for cerebral hypoxia in hemodialysis population.</a> Physiological Research. 68 (4), 651-658 (2019).</li><li>Ookawara, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Associations+of+cerebral+oxygenation+with+hemoglobin+levels+evaluated+by+near-infrared+spectroscopy+in+hemodialysis+patients.">Associations of cerebral oxygenation with hemoglobin levels evaluated by near-infrared spectroscopy in hemodialysis patients.</a> PLoS One. 15 (8), 0236720 (2020).</li><li>Kovarova, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low+Cerebral+Oxygenation+Is+Associated+with+Cognitive+Impairment+in+Chronic+Hemodialysis+Patients.">Low Cerebral Oxygenation Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients.</a> Nephron. 139 (2), 113-119 (2018).</li><li>Miyazawa, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+of+cerebral+oxygenation+with+estimated+glomerular+filtration+rate+and+cognitive+function+in+chronic+kidney+disease+patients+without+dialysis+therapy.">Association of cerebral oxygenation with estimated glomerular filtration rate and cognitive function in chronic kidney disease patients without dialysis therapy.</a> PLoS One. 13 (6), 0199366 (2018).</li><li>Locatelli, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Haemodialysis+with+on-line+monitoring+equipment:+tools+or+toys.">Haemodialysis with on-line monitoring equipment: tools or toys.</a> Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 20 (1), 22-33 (2005).</li><li>Cordtz, J., Olde, B., Solem, K., Ladefoged, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Central+venous+oxygen+saturation+and+thoracic+admittance+during+dialysis:+new+approaches+to+hemodynamic+monitoring.">Central venous oxygen saturation and thoracic admittance during dialysis: new approaches to hemodynamic monitoring.</a> Hemodialysis International. 12 (3), 369-377 (2008).</li><li>Kamijo, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous+monitoring+of+blood+pressure+by+analyzing+the+blood+flow+sound+of+arteriovenous+fistula+in+hemodialysis+patients.">Continuous monitoring of blood pressure by analyzing the blood flow sound of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients.</a> Clinical and Experimental Nephrology. 22 (3), 677-683 (2018).</li><li>Ito, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Factors+affecting+cerebral+oxygenation+in+hemodialysis+patients:+cerebral+oxygenation+associates+with+pH,+hemodialysis+duration,+serum+albumin+concentration,+and+diabetes+mellitus.">Factors affecting cerebral oxygenation in hemodialysis patients: cerebral oxygenation associates with pH, hemodialysis duration, serum albumin concentration, and diabetes mellitus.</a> PLoS One. 10 (2), 0117474 (2015).</li><li>Imai, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deterioration+of+Hepatic+Oxygenation+Precedes+an+Onset+of+Intradialytic+Hypotension+with+Little+Change+in+Blood+Volume+during+Hemodialysis.">Deterioration of Hepatic Oxygenation Precedes an Onset of Intradialytic Hypotension with Little Change in Blood Volume during Hemodialysis.</a> Blood Purification. 45 (4), 345-346 (2018).</li><li>Cho, A. R., Kwon, J. Y., Kim, C., Hong, J. M., Kang, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+sensor+location+on+regional+cerebral+oxygen+saturation+measured+by+INVOS+5100+in+on-pump+cardiac+surgery.">Effect of sensor location on regional cerebral oxygen saturation measured by INVOS 5100 in on-pump cardiac surgery.</a> Journal of Anesthesia. 31 (2), 178-184 (2017).</li><li>Ito, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deterioration+of+cerebral+oxygenation+by+aortic+arch+calcification+progression+in+patients+undergoing+hemodialysis:+A+cross-sectional+study.">Deterioration of cerebral oxygenation by aortic arch calcification progression in patients undergoing hemodialysis: A cross-sectional study.</a> BioMed Research International. , 2852514 (2017).</li><li>Ito, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood+transfusion+during+haemodialysis+improves+systemic+tissue+oxygenation:+A+case+report.">Blood transfusion during haemodialysis improves systemic tissue oxygenation: A case report.</a> Nefrologia. 37 (4), 435-437 (2017).</li><li>Ito, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improvement+of+bilateral+lower-limb+muscle+oxygenation+by+low-density+lipoprotein+apheresis+in+a+patient+with+peripheral+artery+disease+undergoing+hemodialysis.">Improvement of bilateral lower-limb muscle oxygenation by low-density lipoprotein apheresis in a patient with peripheral artery disease undergoing hemodialysis.</a> Nefrologia. 39 (1), 90-92 (2019).</li><li>Kitano, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Changes+in+tissue+oxygenation+in+response+to+sudden+intradialytic+hypotension.">Changes in tissue oxygenation in response to sudden intradialytic hypotension.</a> Journal of Artificial Organs. 23 (2), 187-190 (2020).</li><li>Lemmers, P. 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C., van Bel, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+patent+ductus+arteriosus+and+subsequent+therapy+with+indomethacin+on+cerebral+oxygenation+in+preterm+infants.">Impact of patent ductus arteriosus and subsequent therapy with indomethacin on cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants.</a> Pediatrics. 121, 142-147 (2008).</li><li>Ito, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sleep+apnea+syndrome+caused+lowering+of+cerebral+oxygenation+in+a+hemodialysis+patient:+a+case+report+and+literature+review.">Sleep apnea syndrome caused lowering of cerebral oxygenation in a hemodialysis patient: a case report and literature review.</a> Renal Replacement Therapy. 4, 54 (2018).</li><li>Minato, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous+monitoring+of+changes+in+cerebral+oxygenation+during+hemodialysis+in+a+patient+with+acute+congestive+heart+failure.">Continuous monitoring of changes in cerebral oxygenation during hemodialysis in a patient with acute congestive heart failure.</a> Journal of Artificial Organs. , (2019).</li></ol>

近红外光谱监测主要用于评估脑rSO2，特别是在需要体外循环的心脑血管手术中。在包括亨廷顿舞蹈症治疗在内的体外循环中，一些器官可能显示相对缺血7，17，18;然而，目前尚不清楚组织氧合是否变得低。亨廷顿舞蹈症期间的肌肉痉挛或腹痛可能是透析内器官灌注不足引起的低灌注前驱症状之一。然而，在HD治疗中，?...

近红外光谱（NIRS）已被用于评估区域氧饱和度（rSO 2），这是组织氧合的标志物，特别是在各种临床环境中的脑氧合1，2，3，最近已应用于接受血液透析（HD）的患者4，5，6，7，8，9，10，11. 据报道，脑 rSO2 与亨廷顿舞蹈症患者或非透析慢性肾脏病 （CKD） 患者的认知功能有关11，12。然而，到目前为止，近红外光谱监测在CKD患者中的使用受到限制。
由于近红外光谱监测是实时和非侵入性的，我们评估了其作为HD患者监测设备的实用性。虽然近红外光谱主要用于测量大脑rSO 2，但我们也研究了HD期间其他器官的rSO2值。 具体来说，将rSO 2测量传感器连接到前额，右肋骨和小腿，以分别评估大脑，肝脏和下肌肉中的rSO2。结果表明，近红外监测可能是阐明HD患者器官氧合变化或影响CKD患者组织氧合的因素的新方法。
迄今为止，在临床环境中，在HD，血容量监测，中心静脉血氧饱和度，胸廓入院和电子听诊器引导的估计血压（BP）期间进行了连续监测13，14，15;然而，低血压的预测或设备的广泛使用存在局限性。相比之下，这里的新无创方法可以提供单个器官中透析内氧动力学的实时信息。因此，这种监测方法可以允许在透析内低血压的早期阶段检测短暂的器官缺血，也可以允许HD的安全表现。本文描述了一种测量以rSO2为代表的组织氧合的方案，应用于HD患者。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>DBB-100NX</td>
			<td>Nikkiso</td>
			<td>DBB-100NX</td>
			<td>Dialysis machine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>INVOS 5100c</td>
			<td>Covidien Japan</td>
			<td>INVOSTM 5100c</td>
			<td>tissue oxygenation device</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SOMASENSER</td>
			<td>Covidien Japan</td>
			<td>CV-SAFB-SM/INTL</td>
			<td>NIRS sensor</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

measurement of tissue oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy in patients undergoing hemodialysis

近红外光谱（NIRS）最近已被用作测量区域氧饱和度（rSO2）的工具，这是组织氧合的标志物，用于心血管和脑外科手术，新生儿监测和院前医学等临床环境。近红外光谱监测设备是实时和非侵入性的，主要用于评估危重患者在手术或重症监护期间的脑氧合。到目前为止，包括血液透析（HD）在内的慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者使用近红外光谱监测是有限的;因此，我们研究了HD期间某些器官的rSO2 值。我们使用近红外光谱设备以2个附着波长发射近红外光，监测rSO2 值。HD患者仰卧位，将rSO2 测量传感器分别连接到额头、右肋骨和小腿，以评估大脑、肝脏和小腿肌肉中的rSO2 。近红外光谱监测可能是阐明HD患者器官氧合变化或影响CKD患者组织氧合的因素的新方法。本文描述了一种测量以rSO2 为代表的组织氧合的方案，应用于HD患者。

HD前脑rSO 2值低于健康受试者，HD糖尿病（DM）患者脑rSO2低于无DMHD患者（图1）16。此外，尽管HD期间组织氧合继续且血压没有降低，但我们偶然观察到由于透析内低血压引起的脑和肝脏rSO 2的变化（图2）。由于连续监测，组织氧合的变化比间歇监测血压更快。 数据表示为标准误差±平均值。非配对值的方差分析?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis at JoVE.com

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

我们提出了一种通过使用近红外光谱监测仪测量血液透析（HD）患者区域氧饱和度（rSO2）的方案。rSO2 值是组织氧合的指标。这种无创和实时监测可能有助于确认HD期间器官氧合的变化。

使用近红外光谱测量血液透析患者的组织氧合

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has recently been applied as a tool to measure regional oxygen saturation (rSO2), a marker of tissue oxygenation, in ...

Using this method, we can understand oxygen dynamics of organ during hemodialysis. Prior to the development of this protocol, we could not confirm changes in regional oxygen of each organ. This simple technique can evaluate regional oxygen saturation, non-invasive and in real-time.In dialysis patients, such monitoring might detect intradyalitic hypertension or length ischemia dry during HD.This neuro system has been used in several areas. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular surgery, neonatal, intensive care, and prehospital emergency. We hope this monitoring will be used in other areas in the future.For example, diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Begin by preparing a near-infrared spectroscopy or NIRS device for measuring tissue oxygenation. This device has four channels and can perform measurement in up to four organs at the same time.In addition, prepare measurement sensors for NIRS monitoring to evaluate regional oxygen saturation values in each organ, by a transmitting near-infrared light at two wavelengths of attachment. Allow the patient to rest in a supine position for at least five minutes before hemodialysis. Then attach measurement sensors to the forehead, the right hypochondrium and lower legs to evaluate regional oxygen saturation in the brain, liver, and lower leg muscles, respectively.For cerebral regional oxygen saturation measurement, attach the sensors to the forehead of the dominant hemisphere. For hepatic measurements, measure the depth of the patient's liver from the body surface, and confirm that this measurement is within 20 to 30 millimeters. Next, attach the measurement sensors to the right hypochondrium.To monitor muscle oxygenation, attach measurement sensors to the right or bilateral lower legs. Connect each sensor to the leads from the device. Then, turn on the device and start measuring oxygenation.Puncture the patient's dialysis shunt to start hemodialysis therapy. Measure blood pressure using a digital blood pressure monitor equipped with the dialysis machine, and collect blood samples using syringes. After starting therapy, start monitoring the tissue oxygenation of the three organs.In addition to the usual monitoring performed during hemodialysis, observe changes in regional oxygen saturation values of each organ and measure blood pressure regularly. Confirm the attachment area and connection between the sensors and leads. Cerebral oxygen saturation values of hemodialysis patients before hemodialysis were lower than those of healthy subjects.The saturation values of hemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus were lower than those in hemodialysis patients without diabetes. Although tissue oxygenation continues without a decrease of blood pressure during hemodialysis, changes in cerebral and hepatic regional oxygen saturation due to intradyalitic hypotension were observed. When attempting this protocol, it is important to compound the location measurement sensors and to apply the sensors'registry.The new system itself is not a new technique. However, the application of this monitoring system to hemodialysis is another and it is very useful to evaluate changes in organ oxygenation during hemodialysis.

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function

双模式成像，皮肤组织氧合和血管功能

Accurate assessment of cutaneous tissue oxygenation and vascular function is important for appropriate detection, staging, and treatment of many health ...

科研

医学

In vivo Near Infrared Fluorescence (NIRF) Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Plaque, a Multimodal Approach to Imaging of Atherosclerosis

In vivo Near Infrared Fluorescence NIRF Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Plaque, a Multimodal Approach to Imaging of Atherosclerosis

体内近红外荧光（NIRF）血管内分子成像炎性斑块，多式联运方针成像动脉粥样硬化

The vascular response to injury is a well-orchestrated inflammatory response triggered by the accumulation of macrophages within the vessel wall leading ...

Near Infrared Optical Projection Tomography for Assessments of &beta;-cell Mass Distribution in Diabetes Research

Near Infrared Optical Projection Tomography for Assessments of &#946;-cell Mass Distribution in Diabetes Research

近红外光学投影层析成像技术在糖尿病研究β细胞质量分布的评估

By adapting OPT to include the capability of imaging in the near infrared (NIR) spectrum, we here illustrate the possibility to image larger bodies of ...

Tissue-simulating Phantoms for Assessing Potential Near-infrared Fluorescence Imaging Applications in Breast Cancer Surgery

组织鬼怪模拟，以评估乳癌手术潜在的近红外荧光成像中的应用

Inaccuracies in intraoperative tumor localization and evaluation of surgical margin status result in suboptimal outcome of breast-conserving surgery ...

Combined Near-infrared Fluorescent Imaging and Micro-computed Tomography for Directly Visualizing Cerebral Thromboemboli

结合近红外荧光成像和微计算机断层扫描直接可视化脑血栓

Direct thrombus imaging visualizes the root cause of thromboembolic infarction. Being able to image thrombus directly allows far better investigation of ...

Bioluminescence and Near-infrared Imaging of Optic Neuritis and Brain Inflammation in the EAE Model of Multiple Sclerosis in Mice

多发性硬化症的小鼠模型EAE视神经炎及脑部炎症的生物发光和近红外成像

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL/J mice is a model for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Clinical EAE scores describing ...

A Quantitative Sensory Testing Paradigm to Obtain Measures of Pain Processing in Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery

一种定量感官检测方法在乳腺癌手术患者疼痛处理中的研究

Chronic pain following surgery, persistent postsurgical pain, is an important highly prevalent condition contributing to significant symptom burden and ...

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy

"一站式" 近红外光谱对骨骼肌神经血管的耦合、氧化能力及微血管功能的作用

Exercise represents a major hemodynamic stress that demands a highly coordinated neurovascular response in order to match oxygen delivery to metabolic ...

A New Best Practice for Validating Tail Vein Injections in Rat with Near-infrared-Labeled Agents

近红外标记剂对大鼠尾静脉注射的新的最佳验证

Intravenous (IV) administration of agents into the tail vein of rats can be both difficult and inconsistent. Optimizing tail vein injections is a key part ...

How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children

如何管理危重新生儿、婴儿和儿童近红外光谱

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calculates regional tissue oxygenation (rSO2) using the different absorption spectra of oxygenated and deoxygenated ...