Name: a non-coding small rna micc contributes to virulence in outer membrane proteins in salmonella enteritidis
Uploaded: 2021-01-27T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis at JoVE.com

This study was supported by grants from the Chinese National Science Foundation (Nos. 31972651 and 31101826), Jiangsu High Education Science Foundation (No.14KJB230002), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology (No.SKLVBF201509), Nature Science Foundation Grant of Yangzhou (No.YZ2014019), A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

All the experiments were conducted in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Research Council. The animal care and use committee of Yangzhou University approved all experiments and procedures applied on the animals (SYXK2016-0020).
1. Bacterial strains, plasmids, and culture conditions
<ol>
	<li>Use the bacteria and plasmids listed in Table 1.</li>
	<li>Culture bacteria in LB broth or on LB agar plates at 37 &#176;C, in the prese...

<ol>
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S., Storz, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulatory+RNAs+in+bacteria.">Regulatory RNAs in bacteria.</a> Cell. 136 (4), 615-628 (2009).</li><li>Chen, S., Zhang, A., Blyn, L. B., Storz, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicC,+a+second+small-RNA+regulator+of+Omp+protein+expression+in+Escherichia+coli.">MicC, a second small-RNA regulator of Omp protein expression in Escherichia coli.</a> Journal of Bacteriology. 186 (20), 6689-6697 (2004).</li><li>Pfeiffer, V., Papenfort, K., Lucchini, S., Hinton, J. C., Vogel, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coding+sequence+targeting+by+MicC+RNA+reveals+bacterial+mRNA+silencing+downstream+of+translational+initiation.">Coding sequence targeting by MicC RNA reveals bacterial mRNA silencing downstream of translational initiation.</a> Nature Structural &amp; Molecular Biology. 16 (8), 840-846 (2009).</li><li>Dam, S., Pag&#232;s, J. 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A., Toro, C. S., Hidalgo, A. A., Youderian, P., Mora, G. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+regulation+of+the+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+typhimurium+major+porin,+OmpD.">Global regulation of the Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium major porin, OmpD.</a> Journal of Bacteriology. 185 (19), 5901-5905 (2003).</li><li>Hara-Kaonga, B., Pistole, T. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=OmpD+but+not+OmpC+is+involved+in+adherence+of+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+typhimurium+to+human+cells.">OmpD but not OmpC is involved in adherence of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to human cells.</a> Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 50 (9), 719-727 (2004).</li><li>Datsenko, K. A., Wanner, B. 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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+pools+of+targeted+Salmonella+deletion+mutants+identifies+novel+genes+affecting+fitness+during+competitive+infection+in+mice.">Analysis of pools of targeted Salmonella deletion mutants identifies novel genes affecting fitness during competitive infection in mice.</a> PLoS Pathogens. 5 (7), 1000477 (2009).</li><li>Gong, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Salmonella+small+non-coding+RNA+facilitates+bacterial+invasion+and+intracellular+replication+by+modulating+the+expression+of+virulence+factors.">A Salmonella small non-coding RNA facilitates bacterial invasion and intracellular replication by modulating the expression of virulence factors.</a> PLoS Pathogens. 7 (9), 1002120 (2011).</li><li>H&#233;brard, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=sRNAs+and+the+virulence+of+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+Typhimurium.">sRNAs and the virulence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.</a> RNA Biology. 9 (4), 437-445 (2012).</li><li>Vogel, J., Papenfort, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small+non-coding+RNAs+and+the+bacterial+outer+membrane.">Small non-coding RNAs and the bacterial outer membrane.</a> Current Opinion in Microbiology. 9 (6), 605-611 (2006).</li><li>Papenfort, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SigmaE-dependent+small+RNAs+of+Salmonella+respond+to+membrane+stress+by+accelerating+global+omp+mRNA+decay.">SigmaE-dependent small RNAs of Salmonella respond to membrane stress by accelerating global omp mRNA decay.</a> Molecular Microbiology. 62 (6), 1674-1688 (2006).</li><li>Udekwu, K. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hfq-dependent+regulation+of+OmpA+synthesis+is+mediated+by+an+antisense+RNA.">Hfq-dependent regulation of OmpA synthesis is mediated by an antisense RNA.</a> Genes and Development. 19 (19), 2355-2366 (2005).</li><li>Papenfort, K., Vogel, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiple+target+regulation+by+small+noncoding+RNAs+rewires+gene+expression+at+the+post-transcriptional+level.">Multiple target regulation by small noncoding RNAs rewires gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.</a> Research in Microbiology. 160 (4), 278-287 (2009).</li><li>Lease, R. A., Cusick, M. 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S. Enteritidis is an important facultative intracellular pathogen that can infect young chickens and produces symptoms from enteritis to systemic infection and death17,18. In addition, S. Enteritidis causes latent infections in adult chickens and chronic carriers contaminate poultry products, resulting in food-borne infections in humans19. The pathogenic mechanism of S. Enteritidis remains to be further probed. T...

Non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) are 40-400 nucleotides in length, which generally do not encode proteins but could be transcribed independently in bacterial chromosomes1,2,3. Most sRNAs are encoded in the intergenic regions (IGRs) between gene-coding regions and interact with target mRNAs through base-pairing actions, and regulate target genes expression at the post-transcriptional level4,5. They play important regulation roles in substance metabolism, outer membrane protein synthesis, quorum sensing and virulence gene expression5.
MicC is a 109-nucleotide small RNA transcript present in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, which could regulate multiple outer membrane protein expression such as OmpC, OmpD, OmpN, Omp35 and Omp366,7,8,9. MicC regulates the expression of OmpC by inhibiting ribosome binding to the ompC mRNA leader in vitro and it requires the Hfq RNA chaperone for its function in Escherichia coli6. In Salmonella Typhimurium, MicC silences ompD mRNA via a &#8804;12-bp RNA duplex within the coding sequence (codons 23-26) and then destabilizes endonucleolytic mRNA7. This regulation process is assisted by chaperone protein Hfq10. The OmpC is an abundant outer membrane protein that was thought to be important in environments where nutrient and toxin concentrations were&#160;high, such as in the intestine6. The OmpD porin is the most abundant outer membrane protein in Salmonella Typhimurium and represents about 1% of total cell protein11. OmpD is involved in adherence to human macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells12. MicC also represses the expression of both OmpC and OmpD porins. It is thought that MicC may regulate virulence. To explore new target genes regulated by MicC and study the virulence regulation function of micC, we cloned the micC gene in the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) strain 50336, and then constructed the mutant 50336&#916;micC and the complemented mutant 50336&#916;micC/pmicC. Novel target genes were screened by qRT-PCR. The virulence of 50336&#916;micC was detected by mice and chicken infections.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>dextrose</td>
			<td>Sangon Biotech</td>
			<td>A610219</td>
			<td>for broth preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNA purification kit</td>
			<td>TIANGEN</td>
			<td>DP214</td>
			<td>for DNA purification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ex Taq</td>
			<td>TaKaRa</td>
			<td>RR01A</td>
			<td>PCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KH2PO4</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>10017608</td>
			<td>for broth preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>K2HPO4</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>20032116</td>
			<td>for broth preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Arabinose</td>
			<td>Sangon Biotech</td>
			<td>A610071</td>
			<td>&#955;-Red recombination</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mini Plasmid Kit</td>
			<td>TIANGEN</td>
			<td>DP106</td>
			<td>plasmid extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>10019308</td>
			<td>for broth preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>(NH4)2SO4</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>10002917</td>
			<td>for broth preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PrimeScriptRRT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser&#160;</td>
			<td>TaKaRa</td>
			<td>RR047</td>
			<td>qRT-PCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SYBRR Premix Ex Taq II</td>
			<td>TaKaRa</td>
			<td>RR820</td>
			<td>qRT-PCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T4 DNA Ligase</td>
			<td>NEB</td>
			<td>M0202</td>
			<td>Ligation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRIzol&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15596018</td>
			<td>RNA isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tryptone</td>
			<td>Oxoid</td>
			<td>LP0042</td>
			<td>for broth preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yeast extract</td>
			<td>Oxoid</td>
			<td>LP0021</td>
			<td>for broth preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5418</td>
			<td>centrifugation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrophoresis apparatus</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>164-5050</td>
			<td>Electrophoresis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;Electroporation System</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>165-2100</td>
			<td>for bacterial transformation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>BioTek</td>
			<td>Epoch</td>
			<td>Absorbance detection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Real-Time PCR system</td>
			<td>Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td>7500 system</td>
			<td>qRT-PCR</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a non-coding small rna micc contributes to virulence in outer membrane proteins in salmonella enteritidis

A non-coding small RNA (sRNA) is a new factor to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. A kind of sRNA MicC, known in Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium, could repress the expression of outer membrane proteins. To further investigate the regulation function of micC in Salmonella Enteritidis, we cloned the micC gene in the Salmonella Enteritidis strain 50336, and then constructed the mutant 50336&#916;micC by the &#955; Red-based recombination system and the complemented mutant 50336&#916;micC/pmicC carrying recombinant plasmid pBR322 expressing micC. qRT-PCR results demonstrated that transcription of ompD in 50336&#916;micC was 1.3-fold higher than that in the wild type strain, while the transcription of ompA and ompC in 50336&#916;micC were 2.2-fold and 3-fold higher than those in the wild type strain. These indicated that micC represses the expression of ompA and ompC. In the following study, the pathogenicity of 50336&#916;micC was detected by both infecting 6-week-old Balb/c mice and 1-day-old chickens. The result showed that the LD50 of the wild type strain 50336, the mutants 50336&#916;micC and 50336&#916;micC/pmicC for 6-week-old Balb/c mice were 12.59 CFU, 5.01 CFU, and 19.95 CFU, respectively. The LD50 of the strains for 1-day-old chickens were 1.13 x 109 CFU, 1.55 x 108 CFU, and 2.54 x 108 CFU, respectively. It indicated that deletion of micC enhanced virulence of S. Enteritidis in mice and chickens by regulating expression of outer membrane proteins.

Construction of the mutant 50336&#916;micC and complemented strain 50336&#916;micC /pmicC 
The micC gene clone result indicated that this gene was composed of 109 bp showing 100% identity with that of S. Typhimurium. Based on the sequence data, the deletion mutant 50336&#916;micC and the complemented mutant 50336&#916;micC/pmicC w...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis at JoVE.com

A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis

An &#955;-Red-mediated recombination system was used to create a deletion mutant of a small non-coding RNA micC.

A Non-Coding Small RNA MicC Contributes to Virulence in Outer Membrane Proteins in Salmonella Enteritidis

A non-coding small RNA (sRNA) is a new factor to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. A kind of sRNA MicC, known in Escherichia ...

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A Protocol to Infect Caenorhabditis elegans with Salmonella typhimurium

A Protocol to Infect Caenorhabditis elegans with Salmonella typhimurium

In the last decade, C. elegans has emerged as an invertebrate organism to study interactions between hosts and pathogens, including the host defense ...

High-throughput Assay to Phenotype Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Association, Invasion, and Replication in Macrophages

High-throughput Assay to Phenotype Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Association, Invasion, and Replication in Macrophages

Salmonella species are zoonotic pathogens and leading causes of food borne illnesses in humans and livestock1. Understanding the mechanisms underlying ...

Neutrophil Isolation and Analysis to Determine their Role in Lymphoma Cell Sensitivity to Therapeutic Agents

Neutrophils are the most abundant (40% to 75%) type of white blood cells and among the first inflammatory cells to migrate towards the site of ...

Small RNA Transfection in Primary Human Th17 Cells by Next Generation Electroporation

CD4+ T cells can differentiate into several subsets of effector T helper cells depending on the surrounding cytokine milieu. Th17 cells can be generated ...

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Salmonella typhimurium is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in humans. After invasion of the lamina propria, S. ...

Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood

The advent of innovative and increasingly powerful next generation sequencing techniques has opened new avenues into the ability to examine the underlying ...